Yury S. POTAPOV
Quantum Thermal Power Plants [ KTPP ]
Alexander
FROLOV : New Sources of Energy [ Excerpt ]
Let’s consider this Potapov's scheme. The pump 6 pumps water into
the "cyclone" 3; after the acceleration in the cyclone, the water
exits through the nozzle 9 to the water turbine 11, which is
connected to an electrical generator. A second hydraulic turbine
14, which is also connected to an electrical generator, is
installed in the lower tank 13. At the outlet of the nozzle
9 of the vortex heat generator, the temperature of the working
medium is about 70-100 Degrees by Celsius at a pressure of
8-10 Atm. This flow ensures the operation of the first
turbine. The turbine in the lower vessel is driven by a liquid
that moves out of the upper vessel under its own
weight. Thus, the Potapov design can generate heat and
electricity without the use of fuels and other external
resources.
Fig. 30. Autonomous power plant by Yury S.
Potapov
Let’s consider another project with Yuri Semenovich Potapov of
2004-2005. It was named the "molecular motor" by Potapov. It
means we tried to take off part of kinetic energy of the air
molecules to get additional torque of the rotor. Photo of this
device in Faraday Lad ltd. is shown in Fig. 31.
Fig. 31. Molecular generator in Faraday Lab
Ltd., St. Petersburg 2004
The name "molecular" refers to the kinetic energy of air
molecules, which determines their temperature. Air molecules move
chaotically, the vector sum of their velocities is zero, but we
can at least partially convert their energy into useful work if we
create their unidirectional movement (flow laminarization). The
laminarization can be geometrically designed by someelements
of the device and it does not require any energy source. Note that
we will consider a similar approach later to make a specialty
nanomaterial that can convert the heat motion of gas molecules
into useful work. In theory, under normal conditions, one cubic
meter of air contains 1 kg of molecules, all molecules are
moving at a speed about 500 meters per second. This corresponds to
the kinetic energy of a 1 kg body moving at a speed of 500
meters per second. Accordingly, by taking some part of this
kinetic energy, we can increase the rotor torque by cooling
the environment. Yuri Semenovich Potapov took part in the
planning, and then he worked with designers of the plant to
manufacture this device.
The project was funded by my company Faraday Lab ltd. In theory,
we expected that there would be enough power at the turbine
generator outlet through which the airflow passes to provide
enough power for the electric fan and some electric payload.
The turbine was supplied with air from a radial fan via an
air duct, in which special conditions had to be created.
It is obvious that, similar to the cases previously considered,
excess kinetic energy is already generated here by the fan
since the centrifugal forces here make work to
compress the air. Further energy transformation should be
provided by passive components of the air duct without
consuming the energy of the primary source. The
electric energy of this process was generated by standard electric
generator GS-250 with a nominal output of 60 kW. The
conversion of the air flow pressure into the kinetic
rotational energy was provided by the turbine of a helicopter, it
is gas turbine engine of the type GTD-350 via a standard
reduction gear. The air supply to the turbine inlet was
initially provided by a radial fan of the VBZ type with a rotor
diameter about 1 meter and a consumption of 7 kW/h. Later we
replaced this VBZ fan with a new VDS-5 radial fan with an output
of 800 cubic meters of air per hour and a power consumption about
5 kW per hour.
Fig. 32 Alexander Frolov in Faraday Lab
ltd. and generator
Our research proved that the concept of using air as a working
medium in autonomous power plants is absolutely real. We managed
to get around 3 kW of useful power with incandescent lamps, which
did not affect the increase in power consumption. We can say
that there is a certain "positive connection" in this experimental
setup, i.e. when the generator is under electrical load or the air
duct between the turbine and fan is completely closed with a
cover, then the power consumption of the fan is significantly
reduced (from 6-7 kW to 4 -5 kW).
The main idea here is that the kinetic energy of the air flow in
this device increases due to centrifugal forces as a result of the
compression of the working medium (air). At the same time, the
power consumption of the fan can be minimized by various methods,
for example by installing capacitor compensators for the
reactive power of the drive and finetuning
the circuits for electric LC resonance.
We examined some aspects of optimizing this design. In the section
from the outlet of the radial fan to the turbine, an air duct with
a diameter of 400 mm (along the diameter of the turbine) and a
length of 1 meter was installed. In this duct way we have
installed special reflectors to get process of rotation of the air
mass when it is moving along the way. By this additional
reflectors the output power of the electric generator was
increased by 5-7% compared to the rectilinear movement of the air
mass. The increase in power at the output of the electrical
generator occurred without increasing the power consumption of the
fan, due to a change in the trajectory of the air flow. The
trajectory was changed from linear to vortex one.
The perspectives to get an autonomous mode were slim, as the
kinetic energy of the airflow from the VDS-5 fan was insufficient
to overcome the losses (efficiency of the turbine and generator).
For example, if the fan consumes 5 kW of electricity, we could get
up to 3 kW of power in the generator load, but a further increase
in the load would lead to a loss of power quality (decrease in
speed and voltage drop at the generator output). It was decided to
increase the volume and pressure of the working air mass, and we
have planned to use AF53 compressor with a working pressure an
order of magnitude higher than the VDS-5.
Due to a lack of funding for this topic and technical
problems with the turbine gearbox, the project was terminated in
2005. The experimental setup was sold to another company. I know
from further research on the subject that despite the involvement
of professional aerodynamics specialists, virtually no valuable
results have been obtained. Unfortunately, they did not turn to me
for theoretical advices on this topic.
The foreign analogues of this project, we can remember company
named EF9 Energy Systems, which also raised the question of
converting the heat energy of atmospheric air into useful work.
Their website contains little information about the research, but
describes the theory of the process in sufficient detail
http://ef9energysystems.com/
They believe that the main role in this energy conversion is
played by the "Bernoulli effect". The goals of this company
currently include the creation of a 50 kW generator for private
houses as well as an energy generator for vehicles.
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