Yury S. POTAPOV
Quantum Thermal Power Plants [ KTPP ]
Alexander FROLOV : New Sources of
Energy [ Excerpt ]
Let’s consider this Potapov's scheme. The pump 6 pumps water
into the "cyclone" 3; after the acceleration in the cyclone,
the water exits through the nozzle 9 to the water turbine 11,
which is connected to an electrical generator. A second
hydraulic turbine 14, which is also connected to an
electrical generator, is installed in the lower tank 13. At
the outlet of the nozzle 9 of the vortex heat generator,
the temperature of the working medium is about 70-100
Degrees by Celsius at a pressure of 8-10 Atm. This flow
ensures the operation of the first turbine. The turbine
in the lower vessel is driven by a liquid that moves out
of the upper vessel under its own weight. Thus,
the Potapov design can generate heat and electricity without
the use of fuels and other external resources.
Fig.
30. Autonomous power plant by Yury S. Potapov
Let’s consider another project with Yuri Semenovich Potapov of
2004-2005. It was named the "molecular motor" by
Potapov. It means we tried to take off part of kinetic energy
of the air molecules to get additional torque of the rotor.
Photo of this device in Faraday Lad ltd. is shown in
Fig. 31.
Fig.
31. Molecular generator in Faraday Lab Ltd., St.
Petersburg 2004
The name "molecular" refers to the kinetic energy of air
molecules, which determines their temperature. Air molecules
move chaotically, the vector sum of their velocities is zero,
but we can at least partially convert their energy into useful
work if we create their unidirectional movement (flow
laminarization). The laminarization can be geometrically
designed by someelements of the device and it does not require
any energy source. Note that we will consider a similar
approach later to make a specialty nanomaterial that can
convert the heat motion of gas molecules into useful work. In
theory, under normal conditions, one cubic meter of air
contains 1 kg of molecules, all molecules are moving at
a speed about 500 meters per second. This corresponds to
the kinetic energy of a 1 kg body moving at a speed of
500 meters per second. Accordingly, by taking some part of
this kinetic energy, we can increase the rotor torque by
cooling the environment. Yuri Semenovich Potapov took
part in the planning, and then he worked with designers of the
plant to manufacture this device.
The project was funded by my company Faraday Lab ltd. In
theory, we expected that there would be enough power at
the turbine generator outlet through which the airflow
passes to provide enough power for the electric fan and some
electric payload. The turbine was supplied with air from
a radial fan via an air duct, in which special
conditions had to be created.
It is obvious that, similar to the cases previously
considered, excess kinetic energy is already generated
here by the fan since the centrifugal forces here make work
to compress the air. Further energy
transformation should be provided by passive
components of the air duct without consuming the energy of the
primary source. The electric energy of this
process was generated by standard electric generator
GS-250 with a nominal output of 60 kW. The conversion of
the air flow pressure into the kinetic rotational energy
was provided by the turbine of a helicopter, it is gas turbine
engine of the type GTD-350 via a standard reduction
gear. The air supply to the turbine inlet was initially
provided by a radial fan of the VBZ type with a rotor diameter
about 1 meter and a consumption of 7 kW/h. Later we replaced
this VBZ fan with a new VDS-5 radial fan with an output of 800
cubic meters of air per hour and a power consumption about 5
kW per hour.
Fig.
32 Alexander Frolov in Faraday Lab ltd. and generator
Our research proved that the concept of using air as a working
medium in autonomous power plants is absolutely real. We
managed to get around 3 kW of useful power with incandescent
lamps, which did not affect the increase in power
consumption. We can say that there is a certain
"positive connection" in this experimental setup, i.e. when
the generator is under electrical load or the air duct between
the turbine and fan is completely closed with a cover, then
the power consumption of the fan is significantly reduced
(from 6-7 kW to 4 -5 kW).
The main idea here is that the kinetic energy of the air flow
in this device increases due to centrifugal forces as a result
of the compression of the working medium (air). At the same
time, the power consumption of the fan can be minimized by
various methods, for example by installing capacitor
compensators for the reactive power of the drive and
finetuning
the circuits for electric LC resonance.
We examined some aspects of optimizing this design. In the
section from the outlet of the radial fan to the turbine, an
air duct with a diameter of 400 mm (along the diameter of the
turbine) and a length of 1 meter was installed. In this duct
way we have installed special reflectors to get process of
rotation of the air mass when it is moving along the
way. By this additional reflectors the output power of
the electric generator was increased by 5-7% compared to the
rectilinear movement of the air mass. The increase in power at
the output of the electrical generator occurred without
increasing the power consumption of the fan, due to a change
in the trajectory of the air flow. The trajectory was changed
from linear to vortex one.
The perspectives to get an autonomous mode were slim, as the
kinetic energy of the airflow from the VDS-5 fan was
insufficient to overcome the losses (efficiency of the turbine
and generator). For example, if the fan consumes 5 kW of
electricity, we could get up to 3 kW of power in the generator
load, but a further increase in the load would lead to a loss
of power quality (decrease in speed and voltage drop at the
generator output). It was decided to increase the volume and
pressure of the working air mass, and we have planned to use
AF53 compressor with a working pressure an order of magnitude
higher than the VDS-5.
Due to a lack of funding for this topic and technical
problems with the turbine gearbox, the project was terminated
in 2005. The experimental setup was sold to another company. I
know from further research on the subject that despite the
involvement of professional aerodynamics specialists,
virtually no valuable results have been obtained.
Unfortunately, they did not turn to me for theoretical advices
on this topic.
The foreign analogues of this project, we can remember company
named EF9 Energy Systems, which also raised the question of
converting the heat energy of atmospheric air into useful
work. Their website contains little information about the
research, but describes the theory of the process in
sufficient detail
http://ef9energysystems.com/
They believe that the main role in this energy conversion is
played by the "Bernoulli effect". The goals of this company
currently include the creation of a 50 kW generator for
private houses as well as an energy generator for vehicles.
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