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Carbamide Peroxide Teeth Bleaching
[ Why bother ? Just brush your teeth with your piss ...
don't forget to rinse with fresh water ... ]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamide_peroxide
Carbamide Peroxide
Systematic (IUPAC) name -- hydrogen peroxide; urea
CAS number 124-43-6
PubChem -- 31294
Formula -- CH6N2O3
Mol. mass -- 94.07 gˇmol?1
Routes -- topical (teeth or mouth)
Carbamide peroxide, also called urea peroxide, urea hydrogen
peroxide, and percarbamide, is an oxidising agent, consisting of
hydrogen peroxide compounded with urea. The molecular formula is
CH6N2O3, or CH4N2O.H2O2. It is a white crystalline solid that
releases oxygen in contact with water.
The chemical is a skin, eye and respiratory irritant. It is
also corrosive and causes burns. It doesn't hurt at 10%
concentration (3% hydrogen peroxide equivalent) but it might
hurt at 35% (12% equivalent), causing white chemical burns on
skin and gums alike.
Pure carbamide peroxide has the form of white crystals or
crystal powder, is slightly soluble in water (0.05 g/mL)[1], and
contains approximately 35% hydrogen peroxide.
Uses
Carbamide peroxide is used to
* whiten teeth [2] [3];
* relieve minor inflammation of gums, oral mucosal surfaces and
lips including canker sores and dental irritation[4]; and to
* emulsify and disperse ear wax.[4]
Carbamide peroxide is commonly encountered in cosmetic
dentistry, where it is used to "bleach" teeth. The active
ingredient is hydrogen peroxide, which acts to oxidise
interprismatic extrinsic staining within tooth enamel. There are
several methods of applying the peroxide gel to the tooth
ranging from night-guard application at home or in-surgery
application. The bleaching obtained is proportional to the
length of time the peroxide is applied to the tooth, and the
concentration used. The concentration most commonly used for
tooth whitening purposes is 15%.
A 10% solution in glycerol is used to treat ulcers and other
lesions in the mouth.
A 6.5% concentration solution is used to loosen and remove
earwax.
References
1. Sigma-Aldrich specification sheet --
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/SpecificationSheetPage/ALDRICH/289132
2 "A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE AND HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE WHITENING AGENTS DURING DAYTIME USE". American Dental
Association. -- http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/full/131/9/1269.
3. Toothwhitening from the UMD of New Jersey website --
http://dentalschool.umdnj.edu/patients/dental-bytes.htm
4. Center for Integrative Medicine: Carbamide Peroxide from the
University of Maryland Medical Center website --
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/drugs/carbamide-peroxide-021300.htm
http://www.animated-teeth.com/teeth_whitening_effects/a1_dental_work.htm
Are tray-based teeth whitening systems
utilizing a 10% carbamide peroxide whitener safe to use?
While it is important to know that a teeth whitening system can
be effective, it is clearly much more important to know that it
is safe to use. At-home tray-based teeth whitening (teeth
bleaching) methodology using a 10% carbamide peroxide tooth
whitener was first introduced to the dental community in a paper
published in 1989. Since that time numerous of dental studies
have investigated safety considerations that might be associated
with the use of this technique.
This research has led to the general consensus that while this
technique is not without side effects, dentist-dispensed at-home
tray-based teeth whitening systems utilizing a 10% carbamide
peroxide whitener are safe to use. And, in fact, this type of
whitening system has gained wide acceptance by the dental
community as a whole. The overwhelming majority of dentists in
this country do offer tray teeth whitening systems to their
patients because they know it has been time tested to be both
safe and effective.
Why should tooth whiteners used with tray-based whitening
technique be formulated with carbamide peroxide?
Throughout our text we have made reference to the use of a
carbamide peroxide whitener with tray-based teeth whitening
technique. You might ask yourself, what is carbamide peroxide
and why is it used in tooth whitener formulations?
As you can discern from its name, carbamide peroxide is a type
of peroxide. Peroxides are a class of compounds, the most well
known one probably being hydrogen peroxide. You may already be
familiar with hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is sold as a
household antiseptic. Usually it comes in a brown bottle and has
a concentration of 3%.
In the case of tooth whiteners it is their peroxide component
that is their active ingredient. Peroxide molecules break down
(oxidize) pigmented compounds trapped in a tooth's enamel into
colorless byproducts, thus producing a lightening effect. As it
happens, the peroxide that is counted upon to perform this
oxidation process is hydrogen peroxide. So, right now you may be
wondering why, since it is hydrogen peroxide that does the work,
do our pages stress the use of carbamide peroxide tooth
whiteners?
At-home tray based teeth whitening products. Carbamide peroxide
is a compound composed of hydrogen peroxide and urea. In the
presence of water carbamide peroxide breaks down into its
component parts, thus providing the hydrogen peroxide needed to
perform the tooth whitening
process (the urea plays no role). The reason carbamide peroxide
is used in whiteners is because it is a relatively more stabile
molecule than hydrogen peroxide. By using carbamide peroxide in
their whitener formulations manufacturers can deliver the
hydrogen peroxide needed to produce the lightening effect yet
create a product that has a more predictable and longer shelf
life.
Along these same lines, when the compound hydrogen peroxide is
formulated into a whitener it will decompose almost immediately.
The net result is that it will have finished producing its
oxidation effects within the first hour of being placed into the
bleaching tray. In comparison, carbamide peroxide degrades more
slowly. Studies have shown that a carbamide peroxide tooth
whitener it will release about 50% of its hydrogen peroxide in
the first two to four hours and then the remainder over the next
two to six hours. This slower release of peroxide and creation
of a more gradual oxidation process is thought to help to
minimize whitening side effects.
What are the safety concerns associated with the use of 10%
carbamide peroxide teeth whiteners?
As we state in our section titled "About at home teeth
whitening products: Know what you are buying.", all references
to teeth whiteners
, bleaches, bleaching agents, bleaching gels, etc... found on
the pages of this topic refer to 10% carbamide peroxide
whitening products. With the continued accumulation of data by
dental researchers over the last 15 years, it has become
generally accepted by the dental community that 10% carbamide
peroxide whiteners (when utilized in conjunction with tray-based
whitening technique) are safe to use (when these products are
used as directed by both the product's manufacturer and the
person's dentist).
Will 10% carbamide peroxide teeth whiteners cause cancer?
Concerns have been postulated that teeth whiteners can possibly
cause cancer of the soft tissues of the mouth. These concerns
are related to the fact that the peroxide contained in teeth
whiteners breaks down to form molecules called "free radicals."
Free radicals are capable of causing cellular damage.
The appropriate use of dentist-monitored at-home teeth
whiteners containing 10% carbamide peroxide have not been shown
to produce a carcinogenic risk.
* The concentration of hydrogen peroxide produced by these
whiteners is low, on the order of 3.5%. Studies involving
hydrogen peroxide at about this same concentration (actually
3.0%) have not shown a carcinogenic risk.
* When using custom bleaching trays fabricated by a dentist the
contact between the tooth whitener and a person's soft tissues
("gums") is minimal.
* One of the human body's main defenses against the adverse
effects of peroxide is a compound found in saliva. This compound
has been calculated to be able to effectively neutralize about
30mg of peroxide in one minute. The typical single application
of carbamide peroxide tooth whitener is only 3.52 mg.
* Calculations have estimated that on average the total amount
of peroxide that a person is exposed to each day when bleaching
their teeth is less than .1% of the daily production of peroxide
created by their liver.
Will 10% carbamide peroxide teeth whiteners damage tooth
enamel?
Studies evaluating 10% carbamide peroxide whiteners have found
minimal or no effect on the microhardness or mineral content of
tooth enamel surfaces. Scanning electron microscope studies of
the enamel of teeth that have been bleached have typically not
shown damage either. As a point of comparison, studies have
shown that exposure to soft drinks and fruit juices can cause
comparable or greater alteration of tooth enamel than tooth
whiteners.
Two clinical cases have been documented in dental literature
where the use of an over-the-counter teeth whitener has
adversely affected the enamel of a person's teeth. These cases
involved whiteners that had either: a high peroxide content, an
acidic pre-rinse, or the whitener itself was acidic. These
whiteners were purchased and used without the oversight of a
dentist.
The tooth damage caused by these whiteners was irreversible and
the dental treatment needed to repair the damage involved
significant effort and cost. If you haven't already, please read
our discussion titled: "About at home teeth whitening products:
Know what you are buying."
Will 10% carbamide peroxide teeth whiteners damage the nerve
in my tooth?
Research studies and the clinical observation of the dental
community as a whole have not identified a problem associated
with the use of dentist-dispensed at-home tray-based teeth
whitening systems utilizing a 10% carbamide peroxide whitener
and the health of the nerve tissue found in the user's teeth.
One study's specific findings were that no one in their 4.5 and
7-year follow up groups reported requiring root canal treatment
for any tooth that had received whitening treatments.
Will peroxide-based teeth whiteners damage my existing
dental restorations?
At home teeth whitening cannot be expected to lighten fillings.
Teeth can be whitened using an at-home bleaching system
employing a 10% carbamide peroxide whitener with little concern
about significant damage to a person's existing fillings. More
than 15 years of clinical use of these products has not revealed
any significant problems or concerns.
Some studies have suggested that some degree of interaction or
change might occur with white dental fillings, amalgam dental
fillings, and some types of dental cements. However, the
clinical significance of these effects is still considered to be
inconclusive. (Our "Effects of peroxide whiteners on existing
dental work." page discusses some of the findings related to the
effect peroxides can have on various types of dental materials.)
Your dentist can address any specific concerns you may have
during your pre-whitening dental examination.
The main difficulty encountered in conjunction with existing
dental work is that it does not lighten during the whitening
process (with the exception that the color of porcelain veneers
may be affected). This means that pre-existing dental work will
usually have to be replaced so to match a person's new, post
bleaching tooth shade.
http://www.drugs.com/sfx/carbamide-peroxide-side-effects.html
Side Effects of Carbamide peroxide - for
the consumer
Carbamide Peroxide Solution
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no,
or minor, side effects. When used in small doses, no COMMON side
effects have been reported with Carbamide Peroxide Solution.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side
effects occur when using Carbamide Peroxide Solution:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty
breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face,
lips, or tongue).
http://chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/UREA%20HYDROGEN%20PEROXIDE.htm
UREA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Carbamide peroxide; Urea peroxide; Percarbamide; Hydrogen
Peroxide, Compounded With Urea (1:1); Hydroperit; Hyperol;
Ortizon; Percarbamide; Perhydrit; Perhydrol-urea; Thenardol;
Urea, Compounded With Hydrogen Peroxide (1:1); Urea
Hydroperoxide;
PHYSICAL STATE -- white crystal
MELTING POINT -- 75 - 85 C (Decomposes)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER -- 80 (g/l at 20 C)
NFPA RATINGS -- Health: 3; Flammability: 1; Reactivity: 0
STABILITY -- Stable under ordinary conditions, Air
&moisture sensitive.
APPLICATIONS -- Urea Hydrogen Peroxide is an unstable
combination of urea and hydrogen peroxide in equal amounts. It
is soluble in water, alcohol, and ethylene glycol. It decomposes
at 75-85 C or by moisture. It's application is on the release
hydrogen peroxide as a source of water-free hydrogen peroxide.
It is used as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, catalyst in
organic synthesis, blueprint developer, modifier of starches and
antistatic agent. It is used as an oxygen source for crops.it is
used in formulating oral and dental care products and ear wax
removers.
PATENTS
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROCHEMICALLY
WHITENING TEETH
WO2008001388
Abstract -- Electrochemically whitening of teeth whereby a
metal salt solution is applied to the teeth, followed by applying
an oxidizing agent to the teeth, and transmitting electrical
current to the teeth so as to activate and reduce the oxidizing
agent for effecting whitening of the teeth. The device comprises
an applicator (100) for applying a substance to the teeth,
applicator (100) having a first end (112) and a second end (114),
with a first electrode (118), preferably, positively charged,
attached to first end (112) and a second electrode (122),
preferably, negatively charged, attached to second end (114),
configured to transmit electrical current through applicator
(100), and an oxidizing agent for placement within applicator
(100), wherein the oxidizing agent undergoes activation and
reduction upon transmission of the electrical current there
through.; The oxidizing agent used can be any of a whitening
solution, whitening gel, solution or gel of or including any of :
hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, or sodium perborate.
Peroxide Gel Compositions
US2007183987
Abstract -- The present invention is the use of
Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) in the creation of peroxide gels for
various applications. Such applications include bleaching of hair,
teeth, laundry or any other bleachable item. Blending of the gel
is accomplished by mixing the Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) with a
peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, sodium
perborate, or sodium percarbonate, usually also with water or an
appropriate organic solvent. Peroxide concentrations in these new
gels can reach a 30% concentration of hydrogen peroxide while
maintaining a shelf life of six months at room temperature without
developing peroxide decomposition.
Dental formulation
US2007098650
Abstract -- An orally absorbable improved dental
formulation is provided. The dental formulation, which reduce the
occurrence of oral plaque, reduce gingival inflammation and
bleeding, and whiten the user's teeth, may be a toothpaste or a
rinse which comprises the following active ingredients: carbamide
peroxide, papain, xylitol, and coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone)
Method and composition for preventing
tooth hypersensitivity when using passive bleaching agents
Abstract -- Dental bleaching compositions, for example in
the form of liquids, gels, creams, pastes and ointments,
comprising a peroxide releasing compound and from 1% to 35% by
weight of a potassium-containing compound such as potassium
nitrate, wherein the potassium nitrate is present in a safe and
effective amount to prevent tooth hypersensitivity in the patient
during the bleaching process. The potassium nitrate contemplated
by the invention is compatible with peroxide yielding bleaching
compounds such as peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide,
zinc peroxide, magnesium peroxide and sodium perborate. Potassium
nitrate is complimentary and synergistic with the peroxide
bleaching agents contemplated by the invention and enhances the
release of oxygen to the tooth enamel. Also contemplated are
methods of bleaching teeth comprising application of the dental
bleaching compositions of the invention.
Method and device for whitening teeth
US2007009857
Abstract -- Method rapidly whitens teeth by using whitening
compound containing an oxidizing agent, such as carbamide
peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite, and/or chlorine
dioxide. Sonic device emits sonic waves directly to the tooth,
transfers the sonic waves through a medium which may be a mist, an
encapsulated liquid, a solid, a sponge, or any combination. Device
may have a heat source which has controlled temperature of 1 DEG
-3 DEG F. to increase the temperature of the tooth whitening
compound. Sonic device sonic energy emission to whitening compound
applied to teeth, and temperature increase, increases the
kinetics, and speeds up the tooth whitening process.; A pH
adjusting agent included in the whitening compound or directly
applied to the teeth may be a pre-treatment rinse, or be via a
coating in an encapsulated bag, or within a moistened sponge-like
material for releasing onto teeth when the sponge material is
pressed against teeth.
DENTAL FORMULATION
WO2006110183
Abstract -- An orally absorbable improved dental
formulation is provided. The detal formulation, which reduce the
ocurrence of oral plaque, reduce gingival inflammation and
bleeding, and whiten the user's teeth, may be a toothpaste or a
rinse which comprises the following active ingredients: carbamide
peroxide, xylitol, and coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone).
DRY AND THIN FILM TYPED DELIVERY SYSTEM
FOR WHITENING TEETH
KR20030059552
Abstract -- PURPOSE: A system for delivering a tooth
whitening substance to a plurality of adjacent teeth is provided,
wherein the tooth whitening substance is dispersed within a
polymer. Therefore, the system is not sticky when applied, does
not need to be removed after use thereof and is conveniently used.
CONSTITUTION: A thin film typed delivery system contains 5 to 80%
by weight of a polymer, 0.1 to 50% by weight of a tooth whitening
substance and additionally a protective film layer(2) with a
thickness of 5 to 150[mu]m. The polymer has an adhesion property
to the teeth when hydrated by saliva, but no adhesion property
thereto when stored.; The polymer is one or two or more kinds
selected from hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydropropyl
cellulose, carbomer, a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic
anhydride and polyethylene oxide. The tooth whitening substance is
hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide or the mixture thereof.
TABLET TYPE ORAL RINSE COMPOSITION FOR
WHITENING TEETH
KR20030003476
Abstract -- PURPOSE: An oral rinse composition for
whitening teeth containing peroxide as a main material is
provided. It is in a tablet form and can be used by mixing with
water within a desired period while exhibiting excellent teeth
whitening effect, therefore it is conveniently used and excellent
in form stability.; CONSTITUTION: The oral rinse composition
comprises 0.1 to 75% by weight of one or more peroxides selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, carbamide
peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate
and tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxide, 1 to 55% by weight of a
foaming agent, 0.1 to 20% by weight of a dehumidifying agent, 0.1
to 5% by weight of a pH controller, 1 to 5% by weight of a foaming
agent, 0.1 to 10% by weight of a binder, 0.05 to 3% by weight of a
lubricating agent, 0.1 to 15% by weight of a flavoring agent, 0.1
to 15% by weight of a solvent and 0.001 to 10% by weight of a
medicinal component.
Method and composition for preventing
tooth hypersensitivity when using passive bleaching agents
US2006013778
Abstract -- Dental bleaching compositions, for example in
the form of liquids, gels, creams, pastes and ointments,
comprising a peroxide releasing compound and from 1% to 35% by
weight of a potassium-containing compound such as potassium
nitrate, wherein the potassium nitrate is present in a safe and
effective amount to prevent tooth hypersensitivity in the patient
during the bleaching process. The potassium nitrate contemplated
by the invention is compatible with peroxide yielding bleaching
compounds such as peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide,
zinc peroxide, magnesium peroxide and sodium perborate. Potassium
nitrate is complimentary and synergistic with the peroxide
bleaching agents contemplated by the invention and enhances the
release of oxygen to the tooth enamel.; Also contemplated are
methods of bleaching teeth comprising application of the dental
bleaching compositions of the invention.
Bleaching preparation and applicators for
the teeth
US2005196356
Abstract -- A preparation for bleaching teeth, comprising
0.3 to 30% by weight of a bleaching component selected from
hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, 4 to 80% by weight of
water, 0.05 to 1.00% by weight of a complexing agent selected from
the group of the biphosphonates, and 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of a
thickener, the preparation exhibiting a pH value in the range from
4 to 7 and a viscosity in the range from 1000 to 120 000 mPa.s
(measured with a Brookfield RVF; up to 40 000 mPa.s spindle 4/4
rpm; from 40 000 mPa.s spindle TE/4 rpm; Helipath), the
preparation being used in particular in an applicator which
exhibits an applicator head which can be impregnated with the
preparation to act upon the surfaces of the teeth of the user.
Peroxide tooth whitening composition
GB2412316 / GB2412315
Abstract -- An oral care composition comprising a peroxide
containing compound dispersed in an orally acceptable carrier,
wherein the carrier comprises a humectant and a combination of
bioadhesive agents consisting essentially of at least one natural
gum and a carbomer. The Preferred peroxide sources include
hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide and
percarbonates. Preferred humectants include glycerine, sorbitol,
propylene glycol, glucose, sucrose and low molecular weight
polyethylene glycols. Preferred gums include xanthan gum,
carrageenan, alginates, gum karaya, guar gum, gum Arabic and
pectins. Suitable carbomers homo- or copolymers are high molecular
weight polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allylsucrose or
allyl ethers of pentaerythritol. These carbomers may be partially
or fully neutralised.; Compositions comprising carabamide peroxide
or hydrogen peroxide, glycerine, xanthan gum and a carbomer
copolymer are exemplified. Such compositions show excellent
substantivity to the teeth as a result of a synergistic interation
between the gelling agents.
Increased peroxide content tooth bleaching
gel
US2004146467
Abstract -- A two-component tooth whitening system which
incorporates an increased peroxide content, wherein the components
are adapted to be mixed and applied to the teeth from a dental
bleaching tray is provided. A first component includes both
carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide and a second component
comprises an orally compatible activator gel.
Teeth whitening system based on the
combination of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide
US2004202621
Abstract -- Disclosed are compositions for bleaching teeth,
comprising a single component part or two or more components
blended together before each application. The compositions offer
extended shelf life and accelerated bleaching action while
significantly reducing the possibility of user discomfort. In
preferred embodiments, the composition or one of its parts
comprises a blend of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide in a
solution having the consistency of a gel or a viscous liquid. The
inventive system allows for water in the composition to avoid
tissue desiccation and associated user discomfort, without
compromising the shelf life of the composition.
Increased peroxide content tooth bleaching
gel
US6986883
Abstract -- A two-component tooth whitening system which
incorporates an increased peroxide content, wherein the components
are adapted to be mixed and applied to the teeth from a dental
bleaching tray is provided. A first component includes both
carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide and a second component
comprises an orally compatible activator gel.
INCREASED PEROXIDE CONTENT TOOTH BLEACHING
GEL
WO03032857
Abstract -- A two-component tooth whitening system which
incorporates an increased peroxide content, wherein the components
are adapted to be mixed and applied to the teeth from a dental
bleaching tray is provided. A first component includes both
carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide and a second component
comprises an orally compatible activator gel.
A METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TOOTH WHITENING
FOR LONG TERM EFFICACY
WO03007680
Abstract -- A method and system for whitening teeth using
at least a whitening gel, a whitening toothpaste, and a whitening
rinse. Preferably the system employs a predetermined weight
percentage of a peroxide based bleaching agent to effect tooth
whitening. In certain formulations the components may use
carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent. The
system may be used at home and preferably does not require
clinical visits. The method includes the steps of brushing the
teeth daily and before each bleaching with a whitening toothpaste,
bleaching the teeth with a whitening gel twice daily, and rinsing
with a whitening rinse. Daily brushing with a whitening toothpaste
and preferably rinsing with a whitening rinse follow these
whitening treatments.; A system or kit for whitening teeth
includes all of the components necessary to follow the
aforementioned method, including a whitening gel, whitening
toothpaste, a whitening rinse, and one or more mouth guard trays.
Process and composition for high efficacy
teeth whitening
US7067115
Abstract -- Disclosed is a process and composition for
bleaching teeth made up of two components blended together before
each application. The method and composition offers faster results
while significantly reducing the possibility of user discomfort.
One of said components comprises carbamide peroxide, the other
contains salts and hydroxides and/or oxides of metals belonging to
the first or second group of the Periodic Table which stimulate
the generation of radical oxygen. In one embodiment, the first
part comprises up to 50% water by weight and optionally comprises
a stabilizer. In some embodiments, the first component is
substantially colorless and the second component comprises a dye
indicator which discolors or loses color when exposed to radical
oxygen generated by the mixing of the two components.
Two-part composition for high efficacy
teeth whitening comprising a mixture of peroxides and/or
percarbonates of metals
US6488913
Abstract -- Described herein is a novel high efficiency
teeth bleaching system based on the synergetic action of the
combination of hydrogen peroxide (in a free form or in the form of
its adduct with urea) and peroxide and/or percarbonates of metals
belonging to the first or second group of the periodic table. In
one embodiment, the system of the preferred embodiment comprises
two components, one containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide
peroxide (hydrogen peroxide/urea adduct), and the other containing
metal peroxides and/or percarbonates. Mixing of the two components
results in the accelerated generation of radical oxygen, which
relates to faster teeth bleaching action.
Methods for bleaching, opacifying and
desensitizing teeth
US6368576 / US6309625
Abstract -- Composition and methods that include potassium
nitrate for whitening and/or reducing tooth sensitivity. The
dental compositions may optionally include a dental bleaching
agent, such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. The dental
compositions may be applied directly to the person's teeth, or
they may be loaded into a comfortable fitting, flexible,
thin-walled dental tray and placed over the person's teeth. In
that case, the dental compositions will include a tackifying
agent, such as carboxypolymethylene, dispersed within a solvent,
which assists the composition in retaining the dental tray over
the person's teeth as a result of the adhesive properties of the
dental composition rather than due to mechanical interlocking of
the tray over the person's teeth. The dental compositions may
further include anticariogenic and antimicrobial agents.
INCREASED PEROXIDE CONTENT TOOTH BLEACHING
GEL
WO0117481
Abstract -- A two-component tooth whitening system which
incorporates an increased peroxide content, wherein the components
are adapted to be mixed and applied to the teeth from a dental
bleaching tray is provided. A first component includes both
carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide and a second component
comprises an orally compatible activator gel.
Desensitizing bleaching gel
US6458340
Abstract -- A substantially anhydrous gel useful for
bleaching teeth comprising: (i) at least 25% by weight of organic
polyol; (ii) less than 3% by weight polyacrylic acid thickening
agent; (iii) at least 10% by weight carbamide peroxide (or a
chemically equivalent amount of another bleaching agent, such as
3% by weight hydrogen peroxide); (iv) neutralizing agent; (v)
chelating agents; (vi) desensitizing agent; and (vii)
miscellaneous ingredients such as Cirtoxain(R) and flavorants. The
organic polyol is preferably glycerin. The polyacrylic acid
thickening agent is preferably a carbomer. The desensitizing agent
is preferably potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, potassium
citrate, strontium nitrate, or a similarly effective alkali or
alkaline earth metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR WHITENING
TEETH
WO0028953
Abstract -- A substantially anhydrous gel useful for
bleaching teeth comprising: (i) at least 25% by weight of organic
polyol; (ii) less than 3% by weight polyacrylic acid thickening
agent; (iii) at least 10% by weight carbamide peroxide (or a
chemically equivalent amount of another bleaching agent, such as
3% by weight hydrogen peroxide); (iv) neutralizing agent; (v)
chelating agents; (vi) desensitizing agent; and (vii)
miscellaneous ingredients such as Cirtoxain(R) and flavorants. The
organic polyol is preferably glycerin. The polyacrylic acid
thickening agent is preferably a carbomer. The desensitizing agent
is preferably potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, potassium
citrate, strontium nitrate, or a similarly effective alkali or
alkaline earth metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid.
Light or heat activated dental bleaching
compositions
US6387353
Abstract -- Dental bleaching compositions are made with a
bleaching agent and a stable radiant-energy absorbing compound
that acts as a bleaching agent activator. The dental bleaching
compositions of the present invention can be one-part, pre-mixed
compositions that do not require mixing at the time of treating a
patient's teeth but which remain stable over time. The bleaching
agent may consist of hydrogen peroxide, either in aqueous form or
complexed with urea (carbamide peroxide) or sodium perborate. The
bleaching agent activator includes hydrocarbons that are stable in
the presence of the bleaching agent, which do not prematurely
accelerate liberation of the bleaching agent, but which allow for
selective activation of the bleaching agent by irradiation of the
bleaching composition with radiant energy.; The bleaching
composition may optionally include a neutralizing agent to adjust
the pH, a carrier to help provide proper consistency and potency,
and a stabilizing agent to maintain maximum potency of the
bleaching agent over time. The bleaching composition may also
include a thickening agent to achieve a selected viscosity. The
dental bleaching compositions may be adapted to be loaded into and
delivered from a syringe.
Compositions and methods for whitening and
desensitizing teeth
US6306370
Abstract -- Composition and methods that include potassium
nitrate for whitening and/or reducing tooth sensitivity. The
dental compositions may optionally include a dental bleaching
agent, such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. The dental
compositions may be applied directly to the person's teeth, or
they may be loaded into a comfortable fitting, flexible,
thin-walled dental tray and placed over the person's teeth. In
that case, the dental compositions will include a tackifying
agent, such as carboxypolymethylene, which assists the composition
in retaining the dental tray over the person's teeth as a result
of the adhesive properties of the dental composition rather than
due to mechanical interlocking of the tray over the person's
teeth. The dental compositions may further include anticariogenic
and antimicrobial agents.
Film coating composition for whitening
teeth
US6083421
Abstract -- The invention relates to a tooth-whitening
varnish composition, comprising 6-20% of carbamide peroxide, 2-9%
of film forming agent and 77-88% of volatile organic solvent,
based on the total weight of the composition. The volatile organic
solvent is selected from ether, ethylacetate, ethyl alcohol, or
acetone. The film forming agent is artificial or natural material
selected from cellulose, polyvinyl, butyral, coumarone resin or
shellac. The composition can rapidly form films on dry tooth
surfaces, and a remarkable tooth-whitening effect can be obtained.
DENTAL BLEACHING COMPOSITIONS WITH HIGH
CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
WO9830494 / US5858332
Abstract -- Dental bleaching compositions that include a
high concentration of bleaching agent and a bleaching agent
stabilizer that maintains the potency of the bleaching agent over
time. The dental bleaching compositions of the present invention
may be one-part, pre-mixed compositions that do not require mixing
at the time of treating a patient's teeth but which remain stable
over time. The bleaching agent may consist of hydrogen peroxide,
either in aqueous form or complexed with urea (carbamide peroxide)
or sodium perborate. The bleaching agent stabilizer includes an
impurity scavenger that binds or ties up impurities, such as
errant or residual metal ions, that can cause decomposition of the
bleaching agent. The bleaching agent stabilizer may include a
carboxylic acid chelator or a tin salt.; The bleaching composition
may include a thickening agent to achieve a selected viscosity and
a neutralizing agent to adjust the pH and a carrier to help
provide selected consistency and potency. The dental bleaching
compositions may be adapted to be loaded into and delivered from a
syringe.
STABLE LIGHT OR HEAT ACTIVATED DENTAL
BLEACHING COMPOSITIONS
WO9830169 / US5785527
Abstract -- Dental bleaching compositions are made with a
bleaching agent and a stable radiant-energy absorbing compound
that acts as a bleaching agent activator. The dental bleaching
compositions of the present invention can be one-part, pre-mixed
compositions that do not require mixing at the time of treating a
patient's teeth but which remain stable over time. The bleaching
agent may consist of hydrogen peroxide, either in aqueous form or
complexed with urea (carbamide peroxide) or sodium perborate. The
bleaching agent activator includes hydrocarbons that are stable in
the presence of the bleaching agent, which do not prematurely
accelerate liberation of the bleaching agent, but which allow for
selective activation of the bleaching agent by irradiation of the
bleaching composition with radiant energy.; The bleaching
composition may optionally include a neutralizing agent to adjust
the pH, a carrier to help provide proper consistency and potency,
and a stabilizing agent to maintain maximum potency of the
bleaching agent over time. The bleaching composition may also
include a thickening agent to achieve a selected viscosity. The
dental bleaching compositions may be adapted to be loaded into and
delivered from a syringe.
Inclusion of tooth whitening oxidation
chemistries into a tooth-paste composition
US5785957
Abstract -- A tooth-paste composition for whitening
teeth and method for manufacture, the composition comprising a
water-free, non-hygroscopic base and carbamide peroxide.
INCLUSION OF TOOTH WHITENING OXIDATION
CHEMISTRIES INTO SLOW RELEASING FOOD PRODUCTS
WO9721417
Abstract -- A composition for whitening teeth for placing
in the mouth and method for manufacture, the composition
comprising a water-free, non-hygroscopic base and carbamide
peroxide.
Method of whitening teeth and composition
therefor
GB2309386 / US5500207
Abstract -- A chewing gum or wax base is mixed with a tooth
whitening agent such as carbamide peroxide and is conditioned into
pieces of chewing gum or wax. Mastication of these on a regular
basis helps in whitening teeth in a person in need of a tooth
whitening treatment.
METHOD FOR BLEACHING TOOTH
JP8113520 / US5409631
Abstract -- PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved
method for bleaching the surface of teeth of a person intending to
make the appearance of the surface of the teeth beautiful.
SOLUTION: A prescribed amount of a dental bleaching composition is
placed in a dental tray, which is then arranged on the tooth
surface so as to bring a part of the composition into contact with
a tooth to be bleached. Thereby, the dental tray is arranged on
the tooth surface. After the passage of a prescribed time, the
dental tray is removed from the tooth to bleach the tooth. The
dental bleaching composition comprises about 3 to about 20 wt.%,
preferably about 4 to about 15 wt.% carbamide peroxide as a dental
bleaching agent and a matrix material containing about 3.5 to
about 12 wt.%, preferably about 4.5 to about 10 wt.%
carboxypolypolymethylene as the matrix material for dispersing the
bleaching agent therein.; The carboxypolymethylene contained
therein at the concentration has a high viscosity and is hardened
when brought into contact with a saliva to form a seal around the
dental tray. Thereby, the composition is held in a state thereof
in contact with the tooth surface.
DENTIFRICE COMPOSITION
JP9040539
Abstract -- PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a dentifrice
composition having an action removing pigmentation of teeth and
also promoting remineralization of the surface of the teeth.
SOLUTION: This composition contains 0.1-90wt.% a calcium compound
(e.g.; hydroxyapatite) and 0.05-10wt.% carbamide peroxide.
Hydroxyapatite has an action performing remineralization of the
surface enamel of teeth, carbamide peroxide has an action removing
pigmentation of teeth and a synergistic effect is exhibited by
mixing both, then a whitening and a removing action of
pigmentation of the teeth are exceedingly increased and
simultaneously a mineralization effect of the surface of the teeth
is reserved. A mixture of more than two species of tricalcium
phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen
phosphate, octacalcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate can be
used instead of hydroxyapatite as the calcium compound.
Toothpaste
ES2113272
Abstract -- Toothpaste. It comprises carbamide peroxide in
a proportion between 0.1% and 20% weight/volume, glycerine in a
proportion between 50% and 110% weight/volume and the thickener is
a carboxyvinyl polymer in a proportion between 1% and 5%
weight/volume. The carbamide peroxide is in the same phase as the
other components of the toothpaste, the pH of which is between 3
and 6. It has a high antiseptic and whitening power and provides a
chemicomechanical cleaning, whitening and débridement action with
the aid of the brushing action. It is especially indicated in the
prevention and relief of buccopharyngeal conditions and in the
whitening of the teeth.
Method and material for brightening teeth
US4990089
Abstract -- There is disclosed a process and a material for
brightening teeth. The process comprises the construction of a
splint around the tooth or teeth to be brightened, followed by the
insertion within the splint of a brightening agent selected from
one of many peroxide groups. The splint is constructed so that the
splint is relatively liquid tight to the gingiva. The brightening
agent is periodically renewed and can be mixed with various other
agents to increase the nascent oxygen release aerating factors. In
one embodiment, the peroxide that is used is a 10% solution of
carbamide peroxide mixed with a water free gel.