Electroceutical Therapy
( Therapeutic Pulsed EM Fields )
http:www.bioelectromagnetics.org
http://www.ivivihealthsciences.com/patients-news.htm
http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=46335&action=detail&ref=1065
March 6, 2010
Electromagnetic Pulses Provide Pain Relief for Osteoarthritis
by Maria Seyrig
Electromagnetic pulses significantly decrease pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, according to Henry Ford Hospital researchers.
In the double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study, 34 patients used a portable battery-operated device that emits a low-intensity pulsating electromagnetic frequency and experienced more than 40 percent pain relief on their first day.
"Our results show pulsed electromagnetic fields caused a significant decrease in pain" says Fred Nelson, M.D., associate program director for research and director of the Osteoarthritis Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital.
Dr. Nelson will present the results this week at the Orthopaedic Research Society's annual meeting in New Orleans.
Dr. Nelson explains that in the laboratory, electromagnetic signals have been shown to decrease calcium in cartilage cells. This sets off a series of chemical events that can lead to reduced inflammation. Previously, the electromagnetic fields have been used to control pain related to cosmetic surgery.
"We are really fine-tuning what we are doing to the cell environment with a very specific pulse sequence and frequency," says Dr. Nelson.
Patients strapped the small, ring-shaped plastic device around their knees for 15 minutes, twice daily for six weeks. The device was lightweight and patients could position the device directly over clothing. All participants were given a device with a coil that appeared to work but some were assigned active coils and others were given non-active coils. The electromagnetic device was developed by Ivivi Health Sciences of Montvale, New Jersey.
Osteoarthritis of the knee is a leading cause of disability and loss of independence. It is a slow, progressively degenerative disease in which the joint cartilage gradually wears away due to trauma, aging or infection. As the cartilage thins, the surrounding bone thickens and often bones rub against one another, causing additional wear. Normal activity becomes painful and difficult.
Current treatments include drug therapies like anti-inflammatory medication or pain relievers; physical therapy; support devices; health and behavioral modifications such as weight loss; surgery and joint replacement.
Dr. Nelson explains that medications often have variable success and can produce considerable side effects such as changes in kidney and liver function, a reduction in the ability of blood to clot as well as abdominal pain, nausea and indigestion.
"The exciting thing about this new approach is that it has been found to have no side effects, it is relatively low-cost in the long-run and the onset of pain relief is immediate," says Dr. Nelson. "We look at electromagnetic pulses as a potential way to improve quality of life and independence for those who suffer from osteoarthritis of the knee." Dr. Nelson says researchers will continue to look at the consistency of the relief, how long the pain relief lasts and if electromagnetic pulses might affect other joints.
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1008902/ivivi_pemf_technology_accelerates_wound_healing_in_laboratory_animals_study/
July 23, 2007
Ivivi PEMF Technology Accelerates Wound Healing in Laboratory Animals, Study Reports
Ivivi Technologies, Inc.’s (AMEX: II) non-invasive, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) technology increased tensile strength in a standard wound model in rats by 59% after 21 days, researchers reported in the August 2007 journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The study was conducted at the Montefiore Medical Center, in The Teaching Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. PEMF signals have accelerated the physiological processes involved in healing in multiple clinical studies.
“PEMF signals accelerate biomechanical wound healing. These wounds healed faster and were stronger, earlier, than those that weren’t treated,” said Dr. Berish Strauch, of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Albert Einstein, in whose lab the study was done. “This study represents the first objective data on the effect of PEMF on healing rates of cutaneous wounds at the cellular level. Although the mechanisms of action are not fully known, previous studies have shown that PEMF enhances the production of wound healing factors that reduce the time of the inflammatory phase as well as accelerates the production of the animal’s own growth factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which modulates new blood vessel growth. This study shows that a specifically configured PEMF signal yields the best result.”
“As we get a clearer picture of the transduction properties of the physiological pathways involved in tissue repair, we can configure new PEMF signals,” said Dr. Arthur Pilla, Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University, Ivivi Science Director, and a co-author of the study. “We are increasingly able to fine-tune the configuration of PEMF signals to achieve a more optimal ‘dose’ for different indications, as evidenced in this study.” Dr. Pilla invented the bone-growth stimulator, an early medical application of PEMF technology.
“If a patient can be discharged earlier after surgery, not only can that patient return to an active lifestyle more rapidly, but healthcare costs can be reduced,” commented Andre’ DiMino, Vice Chairman and Co-CEO of Ivivi Technologies, Inc. “Thus, if we can increase the strength of a wound at an earlier stage in the postoperative period, we can offer an absolute improvement on patient outcomes with a simple non-invasive technology with no known side effects.”
About The Study
The study involved 100 rats, each with a linear skin incision on their dorsum that was subsequently sutured and treated with non-invasive PEMF signals. The study was prospective, placebo-controlled and double blinded and designed to test different PEMF signal configurations for 21 days. Four different signals were used targeting the calcium/calmodulin pathway which is at the start of the anti-inflammatory and growth factor stages of tissue repair. PEMF has been shown to accelerate the binding of calcium to calmodulin. At the end of the 21 day period, one specific signal had the most significant effect on wound repair, demonstrating a 59% increase in wound tensile strength compared to control, leading researchers to conclude that exposing wounds to PEMF of very specific configurations accelerated wound repair in the early, most critical phases of healing in this animal model...
http://www.integrityresearchinstitute.org/catalog/bioelectric.html
OsteoPad Bone HardenerThis unique invention relates to the field of electrotherapy, bioelectricity, bioelectromagnetics, sports performance enhancement, medical electricity and electromedicine. Particularly, the invention involves the novel implementation of electrotherapy for those suffering from osteopenia or osteoporosis. This amazing product comprises the specific, patented signal for resonating with the bone calcium channels to open. them for transport across the cell membrane, thus simulating the performance of weight-bearing exercise. Its patents have expired but the three medical doctors never created the present product though all three Drs. Robert Becker, Andrew Bassett, and Arthur Pilla knew it will prevent and reverse osteoporosis from clinical trials and numerous journal articles. However, they claim that no "funding" ever arrived for creating the consumer electrotherapy unit which we now call the "OsteoPad". It is easy to use, with a flat pancake magnetic coil in a pad connected to the simple control panel which can be set on the nightstand for all-night treatments. This product will no doubt be a great seller since "1 out of every 2 people" in the US suffers or will suffer from bone loss as they age, which is called osteoporosis since the bones become porous without weight-bearing exercise to stimulate the piezoelectric bone to open calcium channels naturally. The OsteoPad signal does the work for the elderly person and lets their bones absorb calcium and magesium directly.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625142/
PLoS One. 2013; 8(4): e61752. Apr 12, 2013.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061752
PMCID: PMC3625142
Non-Thermal Radio Frequency and Static Magnetic Fields Increase Rate of Hemoglobin Deoxygenation in a Cell-Free Preparation
David Muehsam, et al.
Abstract -- The growing body of clinical and experimental data regarding electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects and their therapeutic applications has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. This study reports that two EMF modalities currently in clinical use, a pulse-modulated radiofrequency (PRF) signal, and a static magnetic field (SMF), applied independently, increased the rate of deoxygenation of human hemoglobin (Hb) in a cell-free assay. Deoxygenation of Hb was initiated using the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in an assay that allowed the time for deoxygenation to be controlled (from several min to several hours) by adjusting the relative concentrations of DTT and Hb. The time course of Hb deoxygenation was observed using visible light spectroscopy. Exposure for 10–30 min to either PRF or SMF increased the rate of deoxygenation occurring several min to several hours after the end of EMF exposure. The sensitivity and biochemical simplicity of the assay developed here suggest a new research tool that may help to further the understanding of basic biophysical EMF transduction mechanisms. If the results of this study were to be shown to occur at the cellular and tissue level, EMF-enhanced oxygen availability would be one of the mechanisms by which clinically relevant EMF-mediated enhancement of growth and repair processes could occur...
...Although much further work is required to ascertain the clinical relevance of the results reported here, enhanced oxygen delivery using PRF or SMF may be important non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities by which clinically relevant EMF-mediated enhancement of growth and repair processes can occur.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940137
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 28;426(3):330-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.078. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Electromagnetic fields instantaneously modulate nitric oxide signaling in challenged biological systems.
A. Pilla
Abstract -- This study shows that a non-thermal pulse-modulated RF signal (PRF), configured to modulate calmodulin (CaM) activation via acceleration of Ca(2+) binding kinetics, produced an immediate nearly 3-fold increase in nitric oxide (NO) from dopaminergic MN9D cultures (P < 0.001). NO was measured electrochemically in real-time using a NO selective membrane electrode, which showed the PRF effect occurred within the first seconds after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Further support that the site of action of PRF involves CaM is provided in human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum and exposed for 15 min to the identical PRF signal. In this case a CaM antagonist W-7 could be added to the culture 3 h prior to PRF exposure. Those results showed the PRF signal produced nearly a two-fold increase in NO, which could be blocked by W-7 (P < 0.001). To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of a real-time effect of non-thermal electromagnetic fields (EMF) on NO release from challenged cells. The results provide mechanistic support for the many reported bioeffects of EMF in which NO plays a role. Thus, in a typical clinical application for acute post operative pain, or chronic pain from, e.g., osteoarthritis, EMF therapy could be employed to modulate the dynamics of NO via Ca/CaM-dependent constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in the target tissue. This, in turn, would modulate the dynamics of the signaling pathways the body uses in response to the various phases of healing after physical or chemical insult or injury.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240331
J Orthop Res. 2008 Jun;26(6):854-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.20590.
A pulsing electric field (PEF) increases human chondrocyte proliferation through a transduction pathway involving nitric oxide signaling.
Fitzsimmons RJ1, Gordon SL, Kronberg J, Ganey T, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- A potential treatment modality for joint pain due to cartilage degradation is electromagnetic fields (EMF) that can be delivered, noninvasively, to chondrocytes buried within cartilage. A pulsed EMF in clinical use for recalcitrant bone fracture healing has been modified to be delivered as a pulsed electric field (PEF) through capacitive coupling. It was the objective of this study to determine whether the PEF signal could have a direct effect on chondrocytes in vitro. This study shows that a 30-min PEF treatment can increase DNA content of chondrocyte monolayer by approximately 150% at 72 h poststimulus. Studies intended to explore the biological mechanism showed this PEF signal increased nitric oxide measured in culture medium and cGMP measured in cell extract within the 30-min exposure period. Increasing calcium in the culture media or adding the calcium ionophore A23187, without PEF treatment, also significantly increased short-term nitric oxide production. The inhibitor W7, which blocks calcium/calmodulin, prevented the PEF-stimulated increase in both nitric oxide and cGMP. The inhibitor L-NAME, which blocks nitric oxide synthase, prevented the PEF-stimulated increase in nitric oxide, cGMP, and DNA content. An inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (LY83583) blocked the PEF-stimulated increase in cGMP and DNA content. A nitric oxide donor, when present for only 30 min, increased DNA content 72 h later. Taken together, these results suggest the transduction pathway for PEF-stimulated chondrocyte proliferation involves nitric oxide and the production of nitric oxide may be the result of a cascade that involves calcium, calmodulin, and cGMP production.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175815
Nitric Oxide. 2002 Aug;7(1):18-23.
Nitric oxide mediates the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
Diniz P1, Soejima K, Ito G.
Abstract -- The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are mediated by the increase in the nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide) synthesis. The osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were cultured in the absence (-NMMA group) or in the presence (+NMMA group) of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA. First, osteoblasts were subjected to PEMF stimulation (15 Hz and 0.6 mT) up to 15 days. The DNA content and the NO concentration in the conditioned medium were determined on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of culture. Following, osteoblasts were stimulated in the proliferation (P-NMMA and P+NMMA groups) or in the differentiation (D-NMMA and D+NMMA groups) stages of maturation, and the alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) activity was determined on the 15th day of culture for all groups. PEMF stimulation increased significantly the nitrite concentration in the -NMMA group on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of culture. However, this effect was partially blocked in the +NMMA group. The DNA content in the -NMMA group, but not in the +NMMA group, increased significantly on the 3rd and 7th days of culture. The AlPase activity in the P-NMMA and D-NMMA groups, but not in the P+NMMA and D+NMMA groups, also increased significantly. In conclusion, the PEMF stimulatory effects on the osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation were mediated by the increase in the NO synthesis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664476
Nitric Oxide. 2011 Oct 30;25(3):316-25.
doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
Sinusoidal electromagnetic field stimulates rat osteoblast differentiation and maturation via activation of NO-cGMP-PKG pathway.
Cheng G1, Zhai Y, Chen K, Zhou J, Han G, Zhu R, Ming L, Song P, Wang J.
Abstract -- Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intracellular and intercellular messenger, critically affecting bone metabolism. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) on the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts is mediated by the NO-cGMP-PKG signal pathway. We examined the impact of SEMF on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and found that L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase's inhibitor, prevents SEMF-mediated increase in NOS activity and NO levels. We showed that an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (ODQ) blocks the increase in cGMP levels triggered by exposure to SEMF. The inhibitor PDE5, which hydrolyzes 3',5'-cyclic-GMP to 5'-GMP, prevents the SEMF's stimulation of PKG activity. We also blocked the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway to determine whether the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts, stimulated by SEMF, would be inhibited. This was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osterix gene expression and mineralized bone modulus. After treatment with SEMF, the NOS activity increases in comparison with the control group (P<0.01), reaching the highest level after 0.5h. Osterix gene expression, ALP activity and mineralized bone nodules in the SEMF experimental group also increase significantly. However, these effects are partially blocked in the L-NAME treated cultures. Surprisingly, all the osteogenic markers in the SEMF+L-NAME group were slightly higher than in the control culture, but lower than in the cells exposed to SEMF only. We conclude that the NO-cGMP-PKG signal pathway is activated by SEMF treatment, the stimulatory effect of SEMF on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts is attenuated when the pathway is blocked.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21867211
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jul;84(1 Pt 1):011905. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Reducing blood viscosity with magnetic fields.
Tao R1, Huang K.
Abstract -- Blood viscosity is a major factor in heart disease. When blood viscosity increases, it damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart attacks. Currently, the only method of treatment is to take drugs such as aspirin, which has, however, several unwanted side effects. Here we report our finding that blood viscosity can be reduced with magnetic fields of 1 T or above in the blood flow direction. One magnetic field pulse of 1.3 T lasting ~1 min can reduce the blood viscosity by 20%-30%. After the exposure, in the absence of magnetic field, the blood viscosity slowly moves up, but takes a couple of hours to return to the original value. The process is repeatable. Reapplying the magnetic field reduces the blood viscosity again. By selecting the magnetic field strength and duration, we can keep the blood viscosity within the normal range. In addition, such viscosity reduction does not affect the red blood cells' normal function. This technology has much potential for physical therap
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263507
Int J Biol Macromol. 2009 Apr 1;44(3):278-85.
Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency on the structure and function of the normal human hemoglobin.
Mousavy SJ1, Riazi GH, Kamarei M, Aliakbarian H, Sattarahmady N, Sharifizadeh A, Safarian S, Ahmad F, Moosavi-Movahedi AA.
Abstract -- Widespread use of mobile phones has increased the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). It is required to investigate the effect of EMFs on the biological systems. In this paper the effect of mobile phone RF (910MHz and 940 MHz) on structure and function of HbA was investigated. Oxygen affinity was measured by sodium dithionite with UV-vis spectrophotometer. Structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263507
Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 1999 Feb;48(1):27-34.
EMF signals and ion/ligand binding kinetics: prediction of bioeffective waveform parameters.
Pilla AA1, Muehsam DJ, Markov MS, Sisken BF.
Abstract -- The kinetics of an electromagnetic field (EMF) target pathway are used to estimate frequency windows for EMF bioeffects. Ion/ligand binding is characterized via first order kinetics from which a specific electrical impedance can be derived. The resistance/capacitance properties of the binding pathway impedance, determined by the kinetics of the rate-determining step, define the frequency range over which the target pathway is most sensitive to external EMF. Applied signals may thus be configured such that their spectral content closely matches that of the target, using evaluation of the signal to thermal noise ratio to optimize waveform parameters. Using the approach proposed in this study, a pulsed radio frequency (PRF) waveform, currently employed clinically for soft tissue repair, was returned by modulation of burst duration, producing significant bioeffects at substantially reduced signal amplitude. Application is made to Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation, for which the binding time constants may be estimated from reported kinetics, neurite outgrowth from embryonic chick dorsal root explants and bone repair in a fracture model. The results showed that the retuned signal produced increased phosphorylation rates, neurite outgrowth and biomechanical strength that were indistinguishable from those produced by the clinical signal, but with a tenfold reduction in peak signal amplitude, approximately 800-fold reduction in average amplitude and approximately 10(6)-fold reduction in average power.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17632344
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Aug;120(2):425-30.
Pulsed magnetic fields accelerate cutaneous wound healing in rats.
Strauch B1, Patel MK, Navarro JA, Berdichevsky M, Yu HL, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- Previous studies of pulsed magnetic fields have reported enhanced fracture and chronic wound healing, endothelial cell growth, and angiogenesis. This study characterizes the biomechanical changes that occur when standard cutaneous wounds are exposed to radiofrequency pulsed magnetic fields with specific dosage parameters, in an attempt to determine whether return to functional tensile strength could be accelerated in wound healing.
The mean tensile strength of treated groups in phase 1 was 48 percent (p < 0.001) greater than that of controls at 21 days; there was no significant difference at 60 days. In phase 2, the treated groups showed 18 percent (not significant), 44 percent, and 59 percent (p < 0.001) increases in tensile strength over controls at 21 days.
The authors successfully demonstrated that exposing wounds to pulsed magnetic fields of very specific configurations accelerated early wound healing in this animal model, as evidenced by significantly increased wound tensile strength at 21 days after wounding.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16945715
J Hand Surg Am. 2006 Sep;31(7):1131-5.
Pulsed magnetic field therapy increases tensile strength in a rat Achilles' tendon repair model.
Strauch B1, Patel MK, Rosen DJ, Mahadevia S, Brindzei N, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- To examine the effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on the biomechanic strength of rat Achilles' tendons at 3 weeks after transection and repair.
In the animals receiving PMF exposure, an increase in tensile strength of up to 69% was noted at the repair site of the rat Achilles' tendon at 3 weeks after transection and repair compared with nonstimulated control animals.
The application of electromagnetic fields, configured to enhance Ca(2+) binding in the growth factor cascades involved in tissue healing, achieved a marked increase of tensile strength at the repair site in this animal model. If similar effects occur in humans, rehabilitation could begin earlier and the risk of developing adhesions or rupturing the tendon in the early postoperative period could be reduced.
Electroceutical Therapy
( Therapeutic Pulsed EM Fields )
www.bioelectromagnetics.org
http://www.ivivihealthsciences.com/patients-news.htm
http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=46335&action=detail&ref=1065
March 6, 2010
Electromagnetic Pulses Provide Pain Relief for Osteoarthritis
by Maria Seyrig
Electromagnetic pulses significantly decrease pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, according to Henry Ford Hospital researchers.
In the double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study, 34 patients used a portable battery-operated device that emits a low-intensity pulsating electromagnetic frequency and experienced more than 40 percent pain relief on their first day.
"Our results show pulsed electromagnetic fields caused a significant decrease in pain" says Fred Nelson, M.D., associate program director for research and director of the Osteoarthritis Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital.
Dr. Nelson will present the results this week at the Orthopaedic Research Society's annual meeting in New Orleans.
Dr. Nelson explains that in the laboratory, electromagnetic signals have been shown to decrease calcium in cartilage cells. This sets off a series of chemical events that can lead to reduced inflammation. Previously, the electromagnetic fields have been used to control pain related to cosmetic surgery.
"We are really fine-tuning what we are doing to the cell environment with a very specific pulse sequence and frequency," says Dr. Nelson.
Patients strapped the small, ring-shaped plastic device around their knees for 15 minutes, twice daily for six weeks. The device was lightweight and patients could position the device directly over clothing. All participants were given a device with a coil that appeared to work but some were assigned active coils and others were given non-active coils. The electromagnetic device was developed by Ivivi Health Sciences of Montvale, New Jersey.
Osteoarthritis of the knee is a leading cause of disability and loss of independence. It is a slow, progressively degenerative disease in which the joint cartilage gradually wears away due to trauma, aging or infection. As the cartilage thins, the surrounding bone thickens and often bones rub against one another, causing additional wear. Normal activity becomes painful and difficult.
Current treatments include drug therapies like anti-inflammatory medication or pain relievers; physical therapy; support devices; health and behavioral modifications such as weight loss; surgery and joint replacement.
Dr. Nelson explains that medications often have variable success and can produce considerable side effects such as changes in kidney and liver function, a reduction in the ability of blood to clot as well as abdominal pain, nausea and indigestion.
"The exciting thing about this new approach is that it has been found to have no side effects, it is relatively low-cost in the long-run and the onset of pain relief is immediate," says Dr. Nelson. "We look at electromagnetic pulses as a potential way to improve quality of life and independence for those who suffer from osteoarthritis of the knee." Dr. Nelson says researchers will continue to look at the consistency of the relief, how long the pain relief lasts and if electromagnetic pulses might affect other joints.
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1008902/ivivi_pemf_technology_accelerates_wound_healing_in_laboratory_animals_study/
July 23, 2007
Ivivi PEMF Technology Accelerates Wound Healing in Laboratory Animals, Study Reports
Ivivi Technologies, Inc.’s (AMEX: II) non-invasive, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) technology increased tensile strength in a standard wound model in rats by 59% after 21 days, researchers reported in the August 2007 journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The study was conducted at the Montefiore Medical Center, in The Teaching Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. PEMF signals have accelerated the physiological processes involved in healing in multiple clinical studies.
“PEMF signals accelerate biomechanical wound healing. These wounds healed faster and were stronger, earlier, than those that weren’t treated,” said Dr. Berish Strauch, of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Albert Einstein, in whose lab the study was done. “This study represents the first objective data on the effect of PEMF on healing rates of cutaneous wounds at the cellular level. Although the mechanisms of action are not fully known, previous studies have shown that PEMF enhances the production of wound healing factors that reduce the time of the inflammatory phase as well as accelerates the production of the animal’s own growth factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which modulates new blood vessel growth. This study shows that a specifically configured PEMF signal yields the best result.”
“As we get a clearer picture of the transduction properties of the physiological pathways involved in tissue repair, we can configure new PEMF signals,” said Dr. Arthur Pilla, Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University, Ivivi Science Director, and a co-author of the study. “We are increasingly able to fine-tune the configuration of PEMF signals to achieve a more optimal ‘dose’ for different indications, as evidenced in this study.” Dr. Pilla invented the bone-growth stimulator, an early medical application of PEMF technology.
“If a patient can be discharged earlier after surgery, not only can that patient return to an active lifestyle more rapidly, but healthcare costs can be reduced,” commented Andre’ DiMino, Vice Chairman and Co-CEO of Ivivi Technologies, Inc. “Thus, if we can increase the strength of a wound at an earlier stage in the postoperative period, we can offer an absolute improvement on patient outcomes with a simple non-invasive technology with no known side effects.”
About The Study
The study involved 100 rats, each with a linear skin incision on their dorsum that was subsequently sutured and treated with non-invasive PEMF signals. The study was prospective, placebo-controlled and double blinded and designed to test different PEMF signal configurations for 21 days. Four different signals were used targeting the calcium/calmodulin pathway which is at the start of the anti-inflammatory and growth factor stages of tissue repair. PEMF has been shown to accelerate the binding of calcium to calmodulin. At the end of the 21 day period, one specific signal had the most significant effect on wound repair, demonstrating a 59% increase in wound tensile strength compared to control, leading researchers to conclude that exposing wounds to PEMF of very specific configurations accelerated wound repair in the early, most critical phases of healing in this animal model.
About Ivivi Technologies, Inc.
Based in Northvale, NJ, Ivivi Technologies, Inc. is a medical technology company focusing on designing, developing and commercializing its proprietary electrotherapeutic technology platform. Ivivi’s research and development activities are focused specifically on pulsed electromagnetic field, or PEMF, technology, which, by creating a therapeutic electrical current in injured soft tissue, stimulates biochemical and physiological healing processes to help repair the injured tissue and reduce related pain and inflammation. The Company’s Electroceuticals™ have been used in non-invasive treatments for a wide array of conditions, including chronic wounds, pain and edema following plastic and reconstructive surgery and chronic inflammatory disorders.
http://www.integrityresearchinstitute.org/catalog/bioelectric.html
OsteoPad Bone Hardener
This unique invention relates to the field of electrotherapy, bioelectricity, bioelectromagnetics, sports performance enhancement, medical electricity and electromedicine. Particularly, the invention involves the novel implementation of electrotherapy for those suffering from osteopenia or osteoporosis. This amazing product comprises the specific, patented signal for resonating with the bone calcium channels to open them for transport across the cell membrane, thus simulating the performance of weight-bearing exercise. Its patents have expired but the three medical doctors never created the present product though all three Drs. Robert Becker, Andrew Bassett, and Arthur Pilla knew it will prevent and reverse osteoporosis from clinical trials and numerous journal articles. However, they claim that no "funding" ever arrived for creating the consumer electrotherapy unit which we now call the "OsteoPad". It is easy to use, with a flat pancake magnetic coil in a pad connected to the simple control panel which can be set on the nightstand for all-night treatments. This product will no doubt be a great seller since "1 out of every 2 people" in the US suffers or will suffer from bone loss as they age, which is called osteoporosis since the bones become porous without weight-bearing exercise to stimulate the piezoelectric bone to open calcium channels naturally. The OsteoPad signal does the work for the elderly person and lets their bones absorb calcium and magesium directly. - Available in early 2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625142/
PLoS One. 2013; 8(4): e61752. Apr 12, 2013.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061752
PMCID: PMC3625142
Non-Thermal Radio Frequency and Static Magnetic Fields Increase Rate of Hemoglobin Deoxygenation in a Cell-Free Preparation
David Muehsam, et al.
Abstract -- The growing body of clinical and experimental data regarding electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects and their therapeutic applications has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. This study reports that two EMF modalities currently in clinical use, a pulse-modulated radiofrequency (PRF) signal, and a static magnetic field (SMF), applied independently, increased the rate of deoxygenation of human hemoglobin (Hb) in a cell-free assay. Deoxygenation of Hb was initiated using the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in an assay that allowed the time for deoxygenation to be controlled (from several min to several hours) by adjusting the relative concentrations of DTT and Hb. The time course of Hb deoxygenation was observed using visible light spectroscopy. Exposure for 10–30 min to either PRF or SMF increased the rate of deoxygenation occurring several min to several hours after the end of EMF exposure. The sensitivity and biochemical simplicity of the assay developed here suggest a new research tool that may help to further the understanding of basic biophysical EMF transduction mechanisms. If the results of this study were to be shown to occur at the cellular and tissue level, EMF-enhanced oxygen availability would be one of the mechanisms by which clinically relevant EMF-mediated enhancement of growth and repair processes could occur...
...Although much further work is required to ascertain the clinical relevance of the results reported here, enhanced oxygen delivery using PRF or SMF may be important non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities by which clinically relevant EMF-mediated enhancement of growth and repair processes can occur.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940137
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 28;426(3):330-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.078. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Electromagnetic fields instantaneously modulate nitric oxide signaling in challenged biological systems.
A. Pilla
Abstract -- This study shows that a non-thermal pulse-modulated RF signal (PRF), configured to modulate calmodulin (CaM) activation via acceleration of Ca(2+) binding kinetics, produced an immediate nearly 3-fold increase in nitric oxide (NO) from dopaminergic MN9D cultures (P < 0.001). NO was measured electrochemically in real-time using a NO selective membrane electrode, which showed the PRF effect occurred within the first seconds after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Further support that the site of action of PRF involves CaM is provided in human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum and exposed for 15 min to the identical PRF signal. In this case a CaM antagonist W-7 could be added to the culture 3 h prior to PRF exposure. Those results showed the PRF signal produced nearly a two-fold increase in NO, which could be blocked by W-7 (P < 0.001). To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of a real-time effect of non-thermal electromagnetic fields (EMF) on NO release from challenged cells. The results provide mechanistic support for the many reported bioeffects of EMF in which NO plays a role. Thus, in a typical clinical application for acute post operative pain, or chronic pain from, e.g., osteoarthritis, EMF therapy could be employed to modulate the dynamics of NO via Ca/CaM-dependent constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in the target tissue. This, in turn, would modulate the dynamics of the signaling pathways the body uses in response to the various phases of healing after physical or chemical insult or injury.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240331
J Orthop Res. 2008 Jun;26(6):854-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.20590.
A pulsing electric field (PEF) increases human chondrocyte proliferation through a transduction pathway involving nitric oxide signaling.
Fitzsimmons RJ1, Gordon SL, Kronberg J, Ganey T, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- A potential treatment modality for joint pain due to cartilage degradation is electromagnetic fields (EMF) that can be delivered, noninvasively, to chondrocytes buried within cartilage. A pulsed EMF in clinical use for recalcitrant bone fracture healing has been modified to be delivered as a pulsed electric field (PEF) through capacitive coupling. It was the objective of this study to determine whether the PEF signal could have a direct effect on chondrocytes in vitro. This study shows that a 30-min PEF treatment can increase DNA content of chondrocyte monolayer by approximately 150% at 72 h poststimulus. Studies intended to explore the biological mechanism showed this PEF signal increased nitric oxide measured in culture medium and cGMP measured in cell extract within the 30-min exposure period. Increasing calcium in the culture media or adding the calcium ionophore A23187, without PEF treatment, also significantly increased short-term nitric oxide production. The inhibitor W7, which blocks calcium/calmodulin, prevented the PEF-stimulated increase in both nitric oxide and cGMP. The inhibitor L-NAME, which blocks nitric oxide synthase, prevented the PEF-stimulated increase in nitric oxide, cGMP, and DNA content. An inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (LY83583) blocked the PEF-stimulated increase in cGMP and DNA content. A nitric oxide donor, when present for only 30 min, increased DNA content 72 h later. Taken together, these results suggest the transduction pathway for PEF-stimulated chondrocyte proliferation involves nitric oxide and the production of nitric oxide may be the result of a cascade that involves calcium, calmodulin, and cGMP production.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175815
Nitric Oxide. 2002 Aug;7(1):18-23.
Nitric oxide mediates the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
Diniz P1, Soejima K, Ito G.
Abstract -- The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are mediated by the increase in the nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide) synthesis. The osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were cultured in the absence (-NMMA group) or in the presence (+NMMA group) of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA. First, osteoblasts were subjected to PEMF stimulation (15 Hz and 0.6 mT) up to 15 days. The DNA content and the NO concentration in the conditioned medium were determined on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of culture. Following, osteoblasts were stimulated in the proliferation (P-NMMA and P+NMMA groups) or in the differentiation (D-NMMA and D+NMMA groups) stages of maturation, and the alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) activity was determined on the 15th day of culture for all groups. PEMF stimulation increased significantly the nitrite concentration in the -NMMA group on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of culture. However, this effect was partially blocked in the +NMMA group. The DNA content in the -NMMA group, but not in the +NMMA group, increased significantly on the 3rd and 7th days of culture. The AlPase activity in the P-NMMA and D-NMMA groups, but not in the P+NMMA and D+NMMA groups, also increased significantly. In conclusion, the PEMF stimulatory effects on the osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation were mediated by the increase in the NO synthesis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664476
Nitric Oxide. 2011 Oct 30;25(3):316-25.
doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
Sinusoidal electromagnetic field stimulates rat osteoblast differentiation and maturation via activation of NO-cGMP-PKG pathway.
Cheng G1, Zhai Y, Chen K, Zhou J, Han G, Zhu R, Ming L, Song P, Wang J.
Abstract -- Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intracellular and intercellular messenger, critically affecting bone metabolism. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) on the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts is mediated by the NO-cGMP-PKG signal pathway. We examined the impact of SEMF on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and found that L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase's inhibitor, prevents SEMF-mediated increase in NOS activity and NO levels. We showed that an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (ODQ) blocks the increase in cGMP levels triggered by exposure to SEMF. The inhibitor PDE5, which hydrolyzes 3',5'-cyclic-GMP to 5'-GMP, prevents the SEMF's stimulation of PKG activity. We also blocked the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway to determine whether the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts, stimulated by SEMF, would be inhibited. This was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osterix gene expression and mineralized bone modulus. After treatment with SEMF, the NOS activity increases in comparison with the control group (P<0.01), reaching the highest level after 0.5h. Osterix gene expression, ALP activity and mineralized bone nodules in the SEMF experimental group also increase significantly. However, these effects are partially blocked in the L-NAME treated cultures. Surprisingly, all the osteogenic markers in the SEMF+L-NAME group were slightly higher than in the control culture, but lower than in the cells exposed to SEMF only. We conclude that the NO-cGMP-PKG signal pathway is activated by SEMF treatment, the stimulatory effect of SEMF on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts is attenuated when the pathway is blocked.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21867211
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jul;84(1 Pt 1):011905. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Reducing blood viscosity with magnetic fields.
Tao R1, Huang K.
Abstract -- Blood viscosity is a major factor in heart disease. When blood viscosity increases, it damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart attacks. Currently, the only method of treatment is to take drugs such as aspirin, which has, however, several unwanted side effects. Here we report our finding that blood viscosity can be reduced with magnetic fields of 1 T or above in the blood flow direction. One magnetic field pulse of 1.3 T lasting ~1 min can reduce the blood viscosity by 20%-30%. After the exposure, in the absence of magnetic field, the blood viscosity slowly moves up, but takes a couple of hours to return to the original value. The process is repeatable. Reapplying the magnetic field reduces the blood viscosity again. By selecting the magnetic field strength and duration, we can keep the blood viscosity within the normal range. In addition, such viscosity reduction does not affect the red blood cells' normal function. This technology has much potential for physical therap
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263507
Int J Biol Macromol. 2009 Apr 1;44(3):278-85.
Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency on the structure and function of the normal human hemoglobin.
Mousavy SJ1, Riazi GH, Kamarei M, Aliakbarian H, Sattarahmady N, Sharifizadeh A, Safarian S, Ahmad F, Moosavi-Movahedi AA.
Abstract -- Widespread use of mobile phones has increased the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). It is required to investigate the effect of EMFs on the biological systems. In this paper the effect of mobile phone RF (910MHz and 940 MHz) on structure and function of HbA was investigated. Oxygen affinity was measured by sodium dithionite with UV-vis spectrophotometer. Structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263507
Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 1999 Feb;48(1):27-34.
EMF signals and ion/ligand binding kinetics: prediction of bioeffective waveform parameters.
Pilla AA1, Muehsam DJ, Markov MS, Sisken BF.
Abstract -- The kinetics of an electromagnetic field (EMF) target pathway are used to estimate frequency windows for EMF bioeffects. Ion/ligand binding is characterized via first order kinetics from which a specific electrical impedance can be derived. The resistance/capacitance properties of the binding pathway impedance, determined by the kinetics of the rate-determining step, define the frequency range over which the target pathway is most sensitive to external EMF. Applied signals may thus be configured such that their spectral content closely matches that of the target, using evaluation of the signal to thermal noise ratio to optimize waveform parameters. Using the approach proposed in this study, a pulsed radio frequency (PRF) waveform, currently employed clinically for soft tissue repair, was returned by modulation of burst duration, producing significant bioeffects at substantially reduced signal amplitude. Application is made to Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation, for which the binding time constants may be estimated from reported kinetics, neurite outgrowth from embryonic chick dorsal root explants and bone repair in a fracture model. The results showed that the retuned signal produced increased phosphorylation rates, neurite outgrowth and biomechanical strength that were indistinguishable from those produced by the clinical signal, but with a tenfold reduction in peak signal amplitude, approximately 800-fold reduction in average amplitude and approximately 10(6)-fold reduction in average power.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17632344
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Aug;120(2):425-30.
Pulsed magnetic fields accelerate cutaneous wound healing in rats.
Strauch B1, Patel MK, Navarro JA, Berdichevsky M, Yu HL, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- Previous studies of pulsed magnetic fields have reported enhanced fracture and chronic wound healing, endothelial cell growth, and angiogenesis. This study characterizes the biomechanical changes that occur when standard cutaneous wounds are exposed to radiofrequency pulsed magnetic fields with specific dosage parameters, in an attempt to determine whether return to functional tensile strength could be accelerated in wound healing.
The mean tensile strength of treated groups in phase 1 was 48 percent (p < 0.001) greater than that of controls at 21 days; there was no significant difference at 60 days. In phase 2, the treated groups showed 18 percent (not significant), 44 percent, and 59 percent (p < 0.001) increases in tensile strength over controls at 21 days.
The authors successfully demonstrated that exposing wounds to pulsed magnetic fields of very specific configurations accelerated early wound healing in this animal model, as evidenced by significantly increased wound tensile strength at 21 days after wounding.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16945715
J Hand Surg Am. 2006 Sep;31(7):1131-5.
Pulsed magnetic field therapy increases tensile strength in a rat Achilles' tendon repair model.
Strauch B1, Patel MK, Rosen DJ, Mahadevia S, Brindzei N, Pilla AA.
Abstract -- To examine the effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on the biomechanic strength of rat Achilles' tendons at 3 weeks after transection and repair.
In the animals receiving PMF exposure, an increase in tensile strength of up to 69% was noted at the repair site of the rat Achilles' tendon at 3 weeks after transection and repair compared with nonstimulated control animals.
The application of electromagnetic fields, configured to enhance Ca(2+) binding in the growth factor cascades involved in tissue healing, achieved a marked increase of tensile strength at the repair site in this animal model. If similar effects occur in humans, rehabilitation could begin earlier and the risk of developing adhesions or rupturing the tendon in the early postoperative period could be reduced.
SOME ELECTROCEUTICAL PATENTS
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF PLANT, ANIMAL, AND HUMAN TISSUE, ORGANS, CELLS, AND MOLECULES
US2014046117
Abstract -- An apparatus and method for electromagnetic treatment of plants, animals, and humans comprising: configuring at least one waveform according to a mathematical model having at least one waveform parameter, said at least one waveform to be coupled to a target pathway structure; choosing a value of said at least one waveform parameter so that said at least waveform is configured to be detectable in said target pathway structure above background activity in said target pathway structure; generating an electromagnetic signal from said configured at least one waveform; and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said target pathway structure using a coupling device.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT
US2013274540
Abstract -- Described herein are electromagnetic treatment devices for treatment of tissue. In particular, described herein are lightweight, wearable, low-energy variations that are specifically configured to specifically and sufficiently apply energy within a specific bandpass of frequencies of a target biological pathway, such as the binding of Calcium to Calmodulin, and thereby regulate the pathway. Methods and systems for treating biological tissue are also described.
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR PROVIDING ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A METAL-CONTAINING IMPLANT
US8343027
Abstract -- Methods and devices for providing electromagnetic field treatment to a subject having a metal-containing implant or prosthesis at or near the treatment site. These treatment methods can include calibrating the treatment devices such that the treatment field provided is not distorted or affected by the presence of metal in the target location. Additionally, embodiments of the invention provide for wearable and adjustable electromagnetic treatment devices with reinforcing support members to maintain the structure of flexible metal applicators, which generate the therapeutic electromagnetic field.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF HEAD, CEREBRAL AND NEURAL INJURY IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS
US2012116149
Abstract -- Embodiments of the invention include methods of treating neurological injury and conditions, in particular, traumatic brain injury and physiological responses arising from injury or conditions. These treatment methods can include the steps of generating a pulsed electromagnetic field from a pulsed electromagnetic field source and applying the pulsed electromagnetic field 1 in proximity to a target region affected by the neurological injury or condition to reduce a physiological response to the neurological injury or condition.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF COGNITION AND NEUROLOGICAL INJURY
WO2013067512
Abstract -- Methods and devices for providing therapeutic electromagnetic field treatment to a subject having a cognitive or neurological condition or injury. Treatment devices can include headwear incorporating electromagnetic treatment delivery devices providing electromagnetic treatment to a user's head area. Such devices include protective headwear such as helmets with electromagnetic delivery devices. Additionally, embodiments of the invention provide for wearable and adjustable electromagnetic treatment devices that can be used to provide electromagnetic treatment to multiple areas of the user's head. Embodiments of the invention provide for sequential electromagnetic treatment with a single or a plurality of treatment applicators which target a single or multiple cerebral regions as determined by imaging, non-imaging and physiological monitoring before, during and after electromagnetic treatment.
PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND TOPICAL AGENT ENHANCEMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME
US2007026514
Abstract -- A method for enhancing pharmacological, chemical, topical, and cosmetic effects comprising applying at least one reactive agent to a target pathway structure (Step 101) , configuring at least one waveform having at least one waveform parameter (Step 102), selecting a value of said at least one waveform parameter of said at least one waveform to maximize at least one of a signal to noise ratio and a Power signal to noise ratio, in a target pathway structure (Step 103), using said at least one waveform that maximizes said at least one of a signal to noise ratio and a Power signal to noise ratio in a target pathway structure to which said reactive agent has been applied, to generate an electromagnetic signal (Step 104), and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said target pathway structure to modulate said target pathway structure (Step 105) .
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC ENHANCEMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR THERAPEUTICS AND PROPHYLAXIS IN PLANTS, ANIMALS AND HUMANS
US2012089201
Abstract -- Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic signals configured specifically to accelerate the asymmetrical kinetics of the binding of intracellular ions to their respective intracellular buffers, to enhance the biochemical signaling pathways plant animal and human molecules, cells, tissues, organs, portions of entire organisms and entire organisms employ for growth, repair and maintenance. Described herein are devices and methods that utilize repetitive bursts of waveforms configured to maximize the bound concentration of intracellular ions at their associated molecular buffers to enhance the biochemical signaling pathways living systems employ for growth, repair and maintenance. For example the systems and methods described herein may drive the binding of calcium to calmodulin (CaM), thereby enhancing the CaM-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway.
Integrated coil apparatus and method for using same TW200824744
Self-contained electromagnetic apparatus for treatment of molecules, cells, tissues, and organs within a cerebrofacial area and method for using same TW200803948
DEVICES AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASES WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS US2011207989
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME US2011152598
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus and metod for angiogensis modulation of living tissues and cells US2010179373
Apparatus and method for static magnetic field treatment of tissue, organs, cells, and molecules US2009306456
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus for augmenting wound repair and method for using same BRPI0607963 ZA200708478
Integrated coil apparatus for therapeutically treating human and animal cells, tissues and organs with electromagnetic fields and method for using same BRPI0520604
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus and method ZA200605544
EXCESSIVE FIBROUS CAPSULE FORMATION AND CAPSULAR CONTRACTURE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME WO2008051521
ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASE AND METHOD FOR USING SAME EP2066393
ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT INDUCTION APPARATUS AND METHOD. MXPA06012389
ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR PROPHYLAXIS AND REPAIR OF OPTHALMIC TISSUE AND METHOD WO2007146342
Modification of the growth, repair and maintenance behavior of living tissues and cells by a specific and selective change in electrical environment US4266532 // US4105017 // US4315503
Implantable growth tissue stimulator and method of operation US5766231
Apparatus and method for therapeutically treating human body tissue with electromagnetic radiation US5723001
Pulsed radio frequency electrotherapeutic system US5584863
Implantable bone growth stimulator and method of operation US5441527
ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC SYSTEM WO9604957
ELEKTROMAGNETISK APPARAT FOR UTVORTES BEHANDLING AV KROPPSDELER NO851492 // NO801874
MEJORAS A INSTRUMENTO ELECTROMAGNETICOS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE CELULAS Y TEJIDOS VIVOS MX151539
MODIFIKATION AV VAEXT-, AOTERSTAELLANDE- OCH UPPRAETTHAOLLANDEBETEENDE AV LEVANDE VAEVNAD OCH CELLEGENOM AENDRING AV DEN ELEKTRISKA OMKRETSEN SPECIFISKT OCH SELEKTIVISKT FI830326 // FI802013
Apparatus for equine limb treatment. EP0104793
Electromagnetic body-treatment device. EP0126805
Method and means for electromagnetic stimulation of a vegetative process. EP0039163
Apparatus for treating an intact animal organism bearing a neoplastic process and undergoing drug treatment. EP0039988
PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND TOPICAL AGENT ENHANCEMENT APPARATUS EP1868591
VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON LEBENDEM GEWEBE UND/ODER ZELLEN DD137326
Static magnetic field treatment apparatus and method CN1913938
BODY HEALING APPARATUS WITH PULSE FED COILS CA1166318
BODY HEALING APPARATUS WITH PULSE FED COILSo: CA1157527
Integrated coil apparatus and method for using same AU2005336126
APARATO CON BOBINA INTEGRADA Y METODO PARA SU USO AR058926
SOME ELECTROCEUTICAL PATENTS
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF PLANT, ANIMAL, AND HUMAN TISSUE, ORGANS, CELLS, AND MOLECULES
US2014046117
Abstract -- An apparatus and method for electromagnetic treatment of plants, animals, and humans comprising: configuring at least one waveform according to a mathematical model having at least one waveform parameter, said at least one waveform to be coupled to a target pathway structure; choosing a value of said at least one waveform parameter so that said at least waveform is configured to be detectable in said target pathway structure above background activity in said target pathway structure; generating an electromagnetic signal from said configured at least one waveform; and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said target pathway structure using a coupling device.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT
US2013274540
Abstract -- Described herein are electromagnetic treatment devices for treatment of tissue. In particular, described herein are lightweight, wearable, low-energy variations that are specifically configured to specifically and sufficiently apply energy within a specific bandpass of frequencies of a target biological pathway, such as the binding of Calcium to Calmodulin, and thereby regulate the pathway. Methods and systems for treating biological tissue are also described.
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR PROVIDING ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A METAL-CONTAINING IMPLANT
US8343027
Abstract -- Methods and devices for providing electromagnetic field treatment to a subject having a metal-containing implant or prosthesis at or near the treatment site. These treatment methods can include calibrating the treatment devices such that the treatment field provided is not distorted or affected by the presence of metal in the target location. Additionally, embodiments of the invention provide for wearable and adjustable electromagnetic treatment devices with reinforcing support members to maintain the structure of flexible metal applicators, which generate the therapeutic electromagnetic field.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF HEAD, CEREBRAL AND NEURAL INJURY IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS
US2012116149
Abstract -- Embodiments of the invention include methods of treating neurological injury and conditions, in particular, traumatic brain injury and physiological responses arising from injury or conditions. These treatment methods can include the steps of generating a pulsed electromagnetic field from a pulsed electromagnetic field source and applying the pulsed electromagnetic field 1 in proximity to a target region affected by the neurological injury or condition to reduce a physiological response to the neurological injury or condition.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF COGNITION AND NEUROLOGICAL INJURY
WO2013067512
Abstract -- Methods and devices for providing therapeutic electromagnetic field treatment to a subject having a cognitive or neurological condition or injury. Treatment devices can include headwear incorporating electromagnetic treatment delivery devices providing electromagnetic treatment to a user's head area. Such devices include protective headwear such as helmets with electromagnetic delivery devices. Additionally, embodiments of the invention provide for wearable and adjustable electromagnetic treatment devices that can be used to provide electromagnetic treatment to multiple areas of the user's head. Embodiments of the invention provide for sequential electromagnetic treatment with a single or a plurality of treatment applicators which target a single or multiple cerebral regions as determined by imaging, non-imaging and physiological monitoring before, during and after electromagnetic treatment.
PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND TOPICAL AGENT ENHANCEMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME
US2007026514
Abstract -- A method for enhancing pharmacological, chemical, topical, and cosmetic effects comprising applying at least one reactive agent to a target pathway structure (Step 101) , configuring at least one waveform having at least one waveform parameter (Step 102), selecting a value of said at least one waveform parameter of said at least one waveform to maximize at least one of a signal to noise ratio and a Power signal to noise ratio, in a target pathway structure (Step 103), using said at least one waveform that maximizes said at least one of a signal to noise ratio and a Power signal to noise ratio in a target pathway structure to which said reactive agent has been applied, to generate an electromagnetic signal (Step 104), and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said target pathway structure to modulate said target pathway structure (Step 105) .
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC ENHANCEMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR THERAPEUTICS AND PROPHYLAXIS IN PLANTS, ANIMALS AND HUMANS
US2012089201
Abstract -- Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic signals configured specifically to accelerate the asymmetrical kinetics of the binding of intracellular ions to their respective intracellular buffers, to enhance the biochemical signaling pathways plant animal and human molecules, cells, tissues, organs, portions of entire organisms and entire organisms employ for growth, repair and maintenance. Described herein are devices and methods that utilize repetitive bursts of waveforms configured to maximize the bound concentration of intracellular ions at their associated molecular buffers to enhance the biochemical signaling pathways living systems employ for growth, repair and maintenance. For example the systems and methods described herein may drive the binding of calcium to calmodulin (CaM), thereby enhancing the CaM-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway.
Integrated coil apparatus and method for using same TW200824744
Self-contained electromagnetic apparatus for treatment of molecules, cells, tissues, and organs within a cerebrofacial area and method for using same TW200803948
DEVICES AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASES WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS US2011207989
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME US2011152598
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus and metod for angiogensis modulation of living tissues and cells US2010179373
Apparatus and method for static magnetic field treatment of tissue, organs, cells, and molecules US2009306456
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus for augmenting wound repair and method for using same BRPI0607963 ZA200708478
Integrated coil apparatus for therapeutically treating human and animal cells, tissues and organs with electromagnetic fields and method for using same BRPI0520604
Electromagnetic treatment apparatus and method ZA200605544
EXCESSIVE FIBROUS CAPSULE FORMATION AND CAPSULAR CONTRACTURE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR USING SAME WO2008051521
ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASE AND METHOD FOR USING SAME EP2066393
ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT INDUCTION APPARATUS AND METHOD. MXPA06012389
ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR PROPHYLAXIS AND REPAIR OF OPTHALMIC TISSUE AND METHOD WO2007146342
Modification of the growth, repair and maintenance behavior of living tissues and cells by a specific and selective change in electrical environment US4266532 // US4105017 // US4315503
Implantable growth tissue stimulator and method of operation US5766231
Apparatus and method for therapeutically treating human body tissue with electromagnetic radiation US5723001
Pulsed radio frequency electrotherapeutic system US5584863
Implantable bone growth stimulator and method of operation US5441527
ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC SYSTEM WO9604957
ELEKTROMAGNETISK APPARAT FOR UTVORTES BEHANDLING AV KROPPSDELER NO851492 // NO801874
MEJORAS A INSTRUMENTO ELECTROMAGNETICOS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE CELULAS Y TEJIDOS VIVOS MX151539
MODIFIKATION AV VAEXT-, AOTERSTAELLANDE- OCH UPPRAETTHAOLLANDEBETEENDE AV LEVANDE VAEVNAD OCH CELLEGENOM AENDRING AV DEN ELEKTRISKA OMKRETSEN SPECIFISKT OCH SELEKTIVISKT FI830326 // FI802013
Apparatus for equine limb treatment. EP0104793
Electromagnetic body-treatment device. EP0126805
Method and means for electromagnetic stimulation of a vegetative process. EP0039163
Apparatus for treating an intact animal organism bearing a neoplastic process and undergoing drug treatment. EP0039988
PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND TOPICAL AGENT ENHANCEMENT APPARATUS EP1868591
VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON LEBENDEM GEWEBE UND/ODER ZELLEN DD137326
Static magnetic field treatment apparatus and method CN1913938
BODY HEALING APPARATUS WITH PULSE FED COILS CA1166318
BODY HEALING APPARATUS WITH PULSE FED COILSo: CA1157527
Integrated coil apparatus and method for using same AU2005336126
APARATO CON BOBINA INTEGRADA Y METODO PARA SU USO AR058926