ANNOTATED
GLOSSARY
T. E. Bearden
1997, slightly updated Dec. 2000
Latest editing and additions: 12th April,
2003
Foreword
This is an
informal glossary originally prepared in 1997 for Gary Hawkins to use on his web
site, and informal definitions and discussions were rather quickly jotted down
in 1997. We have been able to do a
little updating now in Dec. 2000.
Careful crafting and polishing for greater rigor would require much more
time than I am able to spare, but perhaps the glossary can be helpful
anyway.
We put in the
gist of it, as we see it, and usually an annotation or commentary to explain it.
We tried to put in sufficient explanations and a few references, so that the
reader can see for himself or herself that physics, mathematics, and even logic
itself are not quite as cut and dried as is often presented!
The only thing
we absolutely insist on, that differs from the normal physics and engineering
approach, is that any true definition must be an identity statement a priori. In this view, since no
equation is an identity, then no equation is a definition; regardless of those
"equations" universally advanced in physics as "definitions." All an equation
states is that the magnitude of the
somethings on the right is equal to the magnitude of the somethings on the left.
It does not at all define any of the
somethings on either right or left!
I've completed as much as I have time for now, and made some additions
and corrections to the 1997 version.
As time permits, we will try to add some more in the future . I hope
these hasty comments are helpful, and any errors in them are my own and not due
to Gary Hawkins or to Tony Craddock!
Tom
Bearden, Dec.
2000
MATH AND
SINGLE CHARACTER ABBREVIATIONS
f The electrostatic scalar
potential, in units of joule per collecting coulomb.
Ñ The mathematical operator
'del'.
Ñf
The gradient of the function f ,
mathematically.
In EM theory, use of the del operator produces an electric
field E given by E = -
Ñf . An electrical field is also generated by the time rate
of change of the magnetic vector potential A, where it is given by E = -
dA/dt. Note that we have used that fact to
assist us in producing the motionless electromagnetic generator (MEG), with COP
= 16 as of this writing.
fq Joules of energy
collected by a charge of q coulombs in an electrostatic scalar potential
having a reaction cross section of f.
Since the collected energy is also usually the energy that
can then be dissipated as work, this expression often yields the work performed
in the circuit by the energy the surface charges collected from that part of the
S-flow in contact with the
conductors and components.
df
/dt Time rate of change of
the scalar potential.
Also one form of displacement
current.
dE/dt Time rate of change of
the E-field.
Also one form of displacement
current.
dp/dt Time rate of change of
momentum, which is a force F acting upon the system.
A force is defined as a time rate of change of momentum, or
F = dp/dt.
dP/dt Time rate of change of
polarization.
Polarization displacement current.
dq/dt Time rate of change of
charge, otherwise known as "current".
Represents the normal current flow i of charges in a
conductor, i.e., i = dq/dt.
dq/dt-Isolated Load Loop
A special current loop containing the load,
...where i = dq/dt in that "load loop" is isolated from the
current i = dq/dt in the source loop containing the power source, and the two
loops are also field-coupling isolated.
A transformer, e.g., does isolate the actual current in the secondary
from the current in the primary, but the field coupling from primary to
secondary and from secondary back to primary result in the enforcement of COP =
1.0 as the maximum performance possible (in a perfect, lossless standard
transformer). In a real standard
transformer with some losses, COP<1.0.
The notion is that, even though current cannot pass from
the source loop to the load loop and there is no direct field coupling, energy
density flow S = E´H can pass. This is
in fact the definition of what we call bridging, if in addition to current
isolation the rigid back-field coupling is broken between energy dissipation
(power) in the source loop and energy dissipation (power) in the load loop. In
that fashion, overunity operation of the load can readily be
achieved.
E Electric Field.
Defined in older classical electromagnetics (CEM) as a force field, by E º F/q. However, this only defines the
entity after an interaction with mass.
In short, it defines the E-field as an effect existing only in
matter.
In the early days of electrodynamics, Maxwell and the other
"founding fathers" assumed a material ether filling all space. Hence any field in space was indeed such
an "effect" field existing in mass.
Maxwell died in 1879 of stomach cancer. In the 1880s, the Michelson-Morley
experiments falsified the luminiferous (material) ether as a material
medium. Hence the accepted use of
the E = F/q type of "effect" electrical field
as the electric field in space was also destroyed, but the equations were never
changed to eliminate this error in the foundations of CEM. Instead, electrodynamicists more or less
announced one day that, "Since there is no (material) ether, we are not using
one!"
There is some rationalization mathematically for such an
approach, if the limiting process is used for the interaction of the "causal
field" in vacuum with the charged mass q, as q is allowed to approach zero. However, from a foundations view, it is
still the interaction of the field in space with charged mass that is being
described in the limit, and therefore it is still the "effect" entity rather
than the "cause" entity.
This serious foundations problem is still unresolved in much of CEM theory and modeling to this day. The standard by which other EM texts are measured is J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd edition, Wiley, New York, 1975. In several places, Jackson opts for this avoidance of the use of the " effect" field for the "cause" field: quoting p. 28: "...the thing that eventually gets measured is a force..." "At the moment, the electric field can be defined as the force per unit charge acting at a given point. It is a vector function of position, denoted by E." Quoting p. 249: "Most classical electrodynamicists continue to adhere to the notion that the EM force field exists as such in the vacuum, but do admit that physically measurable quantities such as force somehow involve the product of charge and field."
The problem is further increased by use of this flawed definition of E-field to "define" the electrostatic scalar potential (Jackson, p. 34) by the equation E = -Ñf. First, no equation is a definition; it merely equates the magnitude of the entities on the left of the = sign to the magnitude of the entities on the right of the = sign. It has nothing at all to say about the definition or nature of any of the entities, but is merely a comparison of relative magnitudes. Any definition, a priori, must be expressed by an identity sign. In all of classical electrodynamics, there is no available proper definition of (x) in the identity E º (x). Indeed, there is no such identity available for force F. To quote Feynman: "…in dealing with force the tacit assumption is always made that the force is equal to zero unless some physical body is present… One of the most important characteristics of force is that it has a material origin, and this is not just a definition. … If you insist upon a precise definition of force, you will never get it!" Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands, Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, Vol. 1, 1964, p. 12-2.
In the Sachs unified field theory, O(3) electrodynamics as
spearheaded by Evans is an important subset. Hence in that approach there is a
solution to the problem of defining force and field. The EM fields (E, B, etc.) when in spacetime, are in fact
curvatures of spacetime identically.
When these ST curvatures interact with a charged mass, the effects of the
interactions are the well-known force-fields in matter, which Maxwell started
with in the 1860s. So in this way,
the definition problem can be rigorously resolved.
jf The Slepian vector,
representing the time rate of energy density dissipation in the
current
loop
containing the jf.
This does not at all represent the energy flow in space and
along the outside of the circuit, which may be very, very much greater, on the
order of 1013 times as great.
It does match the Poynting energy flow component that enters the
circuit.
Mq or mq
The mass of a charge q.
Instead of just using "q" and assuming it to be unitary, we
must include the fact that charge is a system of two coupled components: (i) the
mass mq of the charge q, and (ii) the virtual photon flux exchange
(i.e., fq) of the charge q
with the surrounding active vacuum. In particle physics it is already well-known
that there is no symmetry of a mass system anyway, unless the vacuum's exchange
with the mass is included. So the expression mqfq captures the
vacuum-mass exchange. By continuing to assume that charge is unitary, physics
inadvertently holds to the hoary old notion of the luminiferous ether (thin
material ether) that permeates all of space. Maxwell and other electrical
physicists of his time believed in a material ether, and Maxwell embedded that
notion in EM theory. Inexplicably it has not been rooted out of the equations to
this day, even though the notion of the material ether (not the ether per se!)
was destroyed by the Michelson-Morley experiment over 100 years ago. Foundations
physicists continue to point out such terrible defects in physics—and continue
to be ignored. We quote Mario Bunge, "A mathematical theory of the dimensions
and units of physical quantities," in Problems in the Foundations of Physics,
edited by Mario Bunge, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York, 1971, p. 7: "The
question 'What are dimensions?' is seen to be ill conceived, for there are two
concepts of dimension, namely those of dimension function and dimension value.
The correct question is: 'What are [] and d?' " {Note: [] is dimension
function, and d is dimension
value.} Bunge is clearly
discriminating between the function associated with the dimension, and the
magnitude associated with it
Quoting Bunge, ibid., p. 8: "The concept of a unit is
one of those scientific notions that has remained obscure for want of a theory
and excess of a coarse philosophy. Indeed we know how to manipulate units but we
do not seem to know what kind of mathematical object they are. As a consequence
units are sometimes confused with dimensions, at other times with standards, and
they are often introduced in relation to measurement rather than to concept
formulation."
And quoting Mario Bunge, Foundations of Physics,
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967, p. 176: "Different theories of CED [Classical
Electrodynamics] are called for, both for charged particles that can to a first
approximation be regarded as electromagnetically structureless (e.g., the
electron and the m
-meson) and for extended systems with a charge distribution and spin (e.g., the
proton). If fairly satisfactory classical theories were available they could
guide the construction of the corresponding quantum theories. But no such
theories are in sight partly because it is not usually acknowledged that
electrodynamics, both classical and quantal, are in a sad
state."
Again, Bunge, ibid., p. 182: "...the best modern
physicist is the one who acknowledges that neither classical nor quantum physics
are cut and dried, both being full of holes and in need of a vigorous
overhauling not only to better cover their own domains but also to join smoothly
so as to produce a coherent picture of the various levels of physical
reality."
c The speed of light in
ambient vacuum.
To discuss the speed of light, we point out that the vacuum
is highly energetic, as has been shown in modern physics. Since the vacuum has an energy density,
it can be modeled as a "potential" and particularly as a scalar EM potential for
EM purposes. Contrary to
convention, we recognize that the local energy density of the ambient vacuum
potential can vary, including seasonally within and close to the solar system,
etc. The average energy
density of the vacuum in space far from charged masses such as stars and planets
may be assumed as a "standard vacuum potential", and if this potential is
equated with the notion of "flat spacetime", then an increase in this vacuum
potential is an increase in the local energy density of spacetime, and hence
represents a curvature of the standard flat spacetime.
In fact the interplanetary radar probes' "ranges" do show
precisely such variation in the speed of light, with weekly and monthly and
seasonal variations, etc. In order to comply with the nearly universal
assumption in physics with respect to the constancy of c, the scientific staffs
averaged the readings over the entire month. This zeroed out the variations,
upheld the notion that space is a fixed type of thing, and that the speed of
light in it is also a rigidly fixed constant. It does not agree with the actual measured speed
of light from day to day.
The Russians have known and openly printed for about a
century that the speed of light in a hard vacuum in deep space, far removed from
solar and planetary masses, is a little slower than the speed of light in a hard
vacuum near the Earth or any other large charged mass. The huge collection of
charged particles in the earth have tiny separations, so that looking at the
Earth as a collection of tiny dipoles, one sees a collection of enormous
4-symmetry energy flows from the time domain to the 3-space domain (and vice
versa for the time-reversed portions). The increased intensity of this
4-symmetry energy flux in the vicinity of a massive planet or sun changes the
local energy density of the vacuum itself, increasing it in that
vicinity.
Without elaboration, we will also point out that the Earth
and its dynamics structures the local spacetime and the spacetime out to some
distance. So do all other planets,
stars, etc. By whatever manner we
model the cosmos as having been created or initiated, the dynamics and
structuring of all the phenomena occurring in the universe is further impressed
in the infolded electrodynamics
inside the vacuum potential.
The "laws of nature" in one sense represent the most
general results of the reactions of this internally structured "common standard
spacetime" or "standard vacuum potential" with the various physical systems,
devices, and measuring instruments utilized in our experiments, etc. If one deterministically alters the structuring of the local
spacetime, one can have a system which will function there in a certain
marvelous manner, but will not function that way elsewhere. Some decades ago, I participated in
experiments by Golden which over a period of some five years did condition
(dimension) the local vacuum potential.
The result was an engine which consistently exhibited COP = 1.67 at that
location, but when moved several hundred miles exhibited COP<1.0. Frank and I
were made aware of this "vacuum conditioning" effect by Prof. William Tiller,
who had himself conducted experiments exhibiting just such an effect over
several years.
EM waves in vacuum are actually longitudinal (sound-type) waves, but we
do not belabor the point since everything out there in the normal literature
uses the transverse EM wave model for the EM wave in space. Also, the transverse wave is indeed what
is detected in the interacting electron gas in our measurement instruments—whose
Drude electrons are restrained to simple drift velocity longitudinally down the
conductor, but are spinning and are free to precess like gyros. So our instruments detect the Drude
electron precessions at right angles to the incoming disturbing longitudinal
force field, which means that they do indeed measure a transverse wave. However, these are actually the electron precession waves in the detector, and not the actual EM waves in space. See my paper, "Giant Negentropy from the
Common Dipole", Journal of New
Energy, 5(1), Summer 2000, p. 11-23 for a discussion of how all EM energy
comes from the time domain, via the broken 3-symmetry of the source charge or
source dipole, and is emitted in 3-space in all directions as longitudinal EM
waves. This is based on rigorous
demonstration by E.T. Whittaker, "On the Partial Differential Equations of
Mathematical Physics," Math. Ann.,
Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355 that the scalar potential is a harmonic set of phase
conjugate longitudinal EM wave pairs.
We merely applied the Whittaker decomposition to the scalar potential of
a source dipole or of a source
charge, and the rigorous proof that EM waves in space are longitudinal directly
emerges.
Just as sound speeds up, say, in steel as a denser medium
than air, the EM "sound waves" in the ambient vacuum potential speed up when
that vacuum potential's flux density is increased. Consequently light does move
a little faster in a hard vacuum on Earth than it does in deep space, because
the vacuum itself has higher energy density near the earth than in deep space.
The comings and goings and orbitings of planets and the solar mass, etc. do
affect the local energy density of the vacuum between the planets, and hence the
speed of light through that interplanetary space.
So the interplanetary radar does show the periodic
variations of the local energy density of vacuum that are induced by these
factors. For a critical paper on this, see Bryan G. Wallace, "The Unified
Quantum Electrodynamic Ether," Foundations of Physics, 3(3), Sept.
1973, p. 381-388. His discussion of the interplanetary radar measurements of
Venus, which did not fit relativity, are particularly interesting, with respect
to his finding that the data were simply "averaged" to eliminate the variations
and hence the diurnal, lunar, and synodic periodic components actually measured
in the variations of the speed of light. See particularly Bryan G. Wallace, "The
great speed of light in space cover-up." Scientific Ethics, 1(1), Feb. 1985. p.
2-3; — "Radar Testing of the Relative Velocity of Light in Space," Spectrosc. Lett. Vol. 2, 1969. p.
361.
Rigorously, the field is "defined" in electrodynamics as
the effect of an interaction of the force-free entity (4-spatial!) existing
prior to the interaction, with a 3-dimensional static charge. This means that the field as originally
defined is an effect and not a cause. To then use it as the cause is a grave
non sequitur.
This confusion of cause and effect is widespread in
physics. It was probably initiated by the hoary old assumption several hundred
years ago that a separate force acts upon a separate mass, which is false. In fact mass is a component of force, since
F º
d/dt(mv) = m(dv/dt + v(dm/dt). As can be seen, in both
expanded terms there exists a mass term.
To skirt the issue, electrodynamicists have simply found a neat statement
that "in massfree space the field continues to exist, but the force is
zero." We point out that m = 0
makes the momentum vanish, and so F
vanishes, and in the definition of E
= F/q also vanishes because the
numerator F becomes zero. Therefore that E-field vanishes.
Feynman and Wheeler pointed out that the field as it is defined does not and cannot
exist in massless space. Only the
"potential" for the field exists there, in case some charged mass is brought in
to interact with that entity that does exist there. That is accurate, since spacetime is
totally a potential and any "change" in spacetime is a change in that potential
a priori. In the Sachs-Evans unified field theory,
this problem is resolved because the fundamental field is defined as a spacetime
curvature (change in spacetime, hence change in the ST potential) rather than E = F/q.
In empty space there are always myriads upon myriads of
interfering fields and potentials, from charges all over the universe, via
Puthoff's cosmological feedback principle [see
H. E. Puthoff, "Source of
Vacuum Electromagnetic Zero-point Energy," Physical Review A, 40(9), Nov. 1, 1989,
p. 4857-4862.] Thus any EM wave traveling through space is always involved in
enormously active interferometry. This alone results in violent momentary
variations in the speed of that wave, even from 0.01 c to 100.00 c. For a paper
showing this kind of "galloping" travel of an EM wave, see William G. Harter,
John Evans, Roberto Vega, and Sanford Wilson, "Galloping waves and their
relativistic properties," American
Journal of Physics, 53(7), July 1985, p. 671-679. While the average speed of
the wave is c(g ),
where g is the local energy density of the vacuum, the
instantaneous speeds of the wave vary violently from instant to
instant.
In special relativity, "velocity" merely is a rotation
angle of the moving frame from the fixed laboratory observer's frame. The speed "c" merely represents a full
right-angle turn away, toward the time-dimension (since other than the 3 spatial
dimensions that is the only other dimension available to turn toward). In higher dimensional space, there are
many other "higher" dimensions toward which further rotation can be
accomplished. Hence rotating in
n-space is not limited to a single orthogonal turn, and therefore velocities are
not limited to speed c. However,
each orthogonal rotation also subtracts one spatial dimension of the rotated
object from the observer's 3-space. One rotation would be speed c, two departing
rotations would be speed c2, three would give c3,
etc. At three orthorotations, to
the lab observer the rotated object is now purely an internal structure inside
his time dimension, very similar to a mental object (mind is time-like, not
spacelike). The nature of mind and
its operations has a rather unexpected connection with matter, when one
considers such orthorotations in hyperspace.
The point is, the speed c is not an "iron dictum" of nature, nor
is it an "unchangeable constant"!
Nature herself routinely violates that notion. As an example, de Broglie waves from any
mass always move at v>c, and easily as v>>c. EM "surface" waves—so-called transverse
oscillations or upheavals and depressions in the magnitude (energy density;
actually the reaction cross section)
of the local ambient vacuum potential), move at a discretized average speed c(g ).
The longitudinal component, if freed from the transverse component, can move
much faster because it is a sort of "tunneling" movement. In actual quantum
tunneling experiments, e.g., music (Mozart's 40th symphony) has been transmitted
through quantum mechanical tunneling between two separated points at speed
v>4c. Fogal is likely to eventually place a superluminal communication system
on the commercial market. We
discuss superluminal communication elsewhere in this
glossary.
C Capacitance. Essentially, the charge per unit
potential.
For an isolated conductor, C = Q/V and C is expressed in
farads. A farad is one coulomb per
volt.
A lower case c represents the speed of light in ambient
vacuum.
E The electric field. Essentially, E =F/q, but that is not
really a definition.
Conventionally, the units of electric field are considered
to be force per unit electric charge; i.e., force per coulomb. Note that the E-field even in this "classical
definition" does not actually exist at a point unless there is a unit point
charge (a point coulomb of charged mass) located at the point. Hence contrary to classical
electrodynamics, communications theory, and whatnot, no electric force field
(and no magnetic force field either) exists in the vacuum, at least of the kind
prescribed by Maxwell's equations and by the Heaviside-Hertz reduction of
Maxwell's equations. Since Maxwell assumed it, these equations and models all
still erroneously assume a material ether filling the vacuum, in which case
there would be matter and charges,
and there would then be force-fields
in the vacuum. We refer the
interested reader to discussions by Feynman and by Wheeler. Quoting: "One of the most important characteristics of
force is that it has a material origin, and this is not just a
definition. Y If you insist upon a precise definition of force, you will
never get it! " [Richard P. Feynman,
Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands, Lectures on Physics,
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, Vol. 1, 1964, p. 12-2.]
Even worse, note that E = F/q defines not the magnitude of the
field in space, but has to do with the divergence of energy from the field
around a unit point static charge there in space, as well as the pattern of the
diverged energy density. Actually,
what is used as "the electric field" itself is the reaction cross section of the field, for
a unit point static coulomb of charge.
That is at best a function of the "field density" or "field intensity" of
the actual electrical field in spacetime, and the direction and pattern of
change of that field density due to the intercepting and diverting
charge.
The field problem is resolved in the forefronts of
electrodynamics by making the field a topological function. It is resolved in the Sachs-Evans O(3)
electrodynamics (as a subset of Sachs' unified field theory) by making the field
a function of the curvature of spacetime.
See also the discussion under c,
above.
H Magnetic field
strength.
B The B-field (loosely), or
magnetic flux density (more properly).
Conventionally, this is thought to be defined, analogously
to E, by the force it exerts. The
force exerted on a point charge moving in the magnetic field B is at right angles to the velocity
vector of the charge and also at right angles to B. Actually, the H-field was originally named the magnetic field and the B-field was named the magnetic induction (and is still
sometimes called that.) This is an annoyance because it is B which involves the force, and hence
B should be named the magnetic field. Other writers
have noted this discrepancy, and Sommerfeld called H the magnetic excitation—which
correctly describes its role—rather than calling it the magnetic field. As the
reader can see, lots of things in electrical physics are still very untidy! There are also different ways to
approach the EM modeling problem.
In Kaluza-Klein unified field theory, all electromagnetics is modeled in
the 5th dimension, which is wrapped around each and every point in our normal
3-dimensional space.
For practical use, a far better approach is the O(3)
symmetry electrodynamics spearheaded by Myron Evans, which is also an important
subset of Mendel Sachs' unified field theory. In the Sachs-Evans unified theory,
electromagnetics has become general relativity and general relativity has become
electromagnetics. Further, very
powerful general relativity can now be directly engineered with this O(3)
electrodynamics, as it further develops.
We refer the reader to "The New Maxwell Electrodynamic Equations: New
Tools for New Technologies. A
Collection of 60 Papers from the Alpha Foundation's Institute for Advanced
Study," Special Issue of Journal of New
Energy, 4(3), Winter 1999, 335 p.
Also, particularly see Contemporary Optics and
Electrodynamics, edited by Myron W. Evans, a special topical issue of I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice (series
editors), Advances in Chemical
Physics, Wiley, 2001 (in publication).
Evans gives a very long and detailed presentation, "O(3)
Electrodynamics", in that publication, and also gives the paper "The Link
Between the Sachs and O(3) Theories of Electrodynamics".
Q A quantity of electrical
charge. Note that this
statement does not define charge q itself.
We have tentatively proposed to redefine charge q as q
º mqfq. The term
fq captures the
vacuum's violent virtual energy interaction with the mass mq of the
charge, which is presently missing in classical EM theory and is an exceeding
great flaw of omission. Further, fq may be decomposed
into a harmonic series of phase conjugate wavepairs, as shown by Whittaker,
1903, ibid. [In O(3) electrodynamics, the internal
structuring is dramatically extended, so that one can get at the "inner
electrodynamics" necessary to explain such things as homeopathy, chi, ki, prana,
etc.
To those scientists pooh-poohing such things as
acupuncture, we point out that acupuncture in a dramatic case can allow a person
without anesthetic to undergo a major operation with chest cavity opened, while
the patient remains alert, conscious, and talking. President Nixon's physician on Nixon's
trip to China witnessed such an actual operation, as well as other things. Nothing in our vaunted Western medical
science can equal that, nor can any of our medical schools, nor can our National
Academy of Science or our National Science Foundation. In short, acupuncture alone demonstrates
how woefully inadequate our medical science actually is.
Also, acupuncture works on animals as well, so it does not
involve hypnosis or deep suggestion.
In science, we must believe the repeatable experiment, not our dogma at
the moment. Yet the entire U.S.
medical research community has no higher symmetry EM investigation of how
acupuncture works, or of the infolded electrodynamics shown by Whittaker's
decomposition of the scalar potential in 1903. Hence our scientists totally miss the
vast electrodynamics of the internal
structuring of potential and charge with vacuum engines (spacetime curvature
engines). As a result, the
entire U.S. scientific and intelligence communities were totally unable to
comprehend nearly five decades of Russian induction of health changes and
diseases in personnel in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, using weak EM
radiation. Internal structuring of
the activity producing what is called "charge"—including its internal
structuring and engines—can be modeled and in theory directly engineered in the
new Sachs-Evans approach.]
As shown in my paper, "Giant Negentropy from the Common
Dipole," Journal of New Energy,
5(1), Summer 2000, p. 11-23, the broken 3-symmetry energy flow of any
charge and any dipole allows a more fundamental 4-symmetry energy flow solution
for the century-old problem of explaining the actual
source of the EM energy that pours out of the source charge in all directions in
3-space. The 4-symmetry in EM
energy flow explains its nature as longitudinal EM waves, with the charge's
absorbed energy being received from
the time domain (complex plane), transduced into 3-space, and emitted in
3-space. The source of all EM energy at any point
in 3-space is the time domain!
It has been known for decades in particle physics that
there exists no equilibrium in mass systems, unless the interaction of the
vacuum with the masses is included.
It has also been known that every charge and every dipole is a broken
3-symmetry in the fierce vacuum energy exchange with the charge or dipole. Yet the vacuum interaction—and
specifically the source charge's and the source dipole's broken symmetry in
it—are not even included in classical EM as yet. That this known total glitch in modern
EM theory has not been previously corrected, when the particle physicists of
every university physics department of note already know it is necessary, is
inexplicable! Here we must
regretfully point out finger at our orthodox scientific establishment, and
particularly at our National Science Foundation and our National Academy of Science. These institutions are not even working
on, nor are they aware of, nor do they even care about, the most fundamental
science problems of our time.
Bigger accelerators, yes.
Windmills, yes. EM energy
from the vacuum and electrical power systems which use it without destroying the
source dipole, no. The greatest of
all electrodynamics—the infolded longitudinal EM wave dynamics inside all EM
fields, potentials, and waves—no.
The correction of the dozens of major flaws and non sequiturs in
classical electromagnetics, no. The
understanding of the longitudinal EM wave interferometer weapons and quantum
potential weapons already arrayed against us, no. The development of EM healing based on
the Priore approach, which would totally revolutionize medical therapy and
handle attacks on our cities by weapons of mass destruction,
no.
We have a scientific mindset problem of epochal
magnitude. And that costs the U.S.
taxpayers hundreds of billions of dollars spent on the "status quo" or "business
as usual" scientific endeavors that are far inferior to what can be
done.
S Entropy. A quantity which measures the extent to
which the energy of a system is available
to do
work.
Since in one sense energy is a function of ordering, then
fundamentally, entropy refers to
increasing disorder, which means increasing disruption of the ordering in our
collected energy. Unfortunately,
entropy is one of those concepts in physics for which there are several
differing major views. We avoid all
discussion of "information" etc., and prefer to deal only with the energy and
time aspects. For our work in
energy from the vacuum, we take the very simple view that an entropic process is like a
positive resistor: As forward observer time passes, the entropic process
continually disorders or "loses"—from further controlled conversion of energy
form—the collected energy in the system.
We regard a negentropic
process as like a negative resistor: as forward observer time passes,
the negentropic process receives
energy in a form unusable to us, transforms, it, and outputs it in a form that
is usable. Quoting Ilya Prigogine,
Irreversibility as a symmetry-breaking process," Nature, Vol. 246, 1973,
p. 70: "Entropy Ycannot in general be expressed in terms of observables such
as temperature and density. This is
only possible in the neighbourhood of equilibriumY It is only
then that both entropy and entropy production acquire a macroscopic
meaning."
So basically, the notion of entropy will apply when we have a system in equilibrium or very near equilibrium. For open systems in substantial disequilibrium, the entropy cannot even be computed, and the classical equilibrium thermodynamics with its infamous second law does not apply. On the other hand, the loading of disequilibrium (negentropic) EM systems is a very nonlinear affair. Some direct indications of this were in the Russian work in the 1930s which produced overunity and self-powering EM generators, in several physics institute. [E.g., see L. I. Mandelstam and N. D. Papaleksi., "On the parametric excitation of electric oscillations," Zhurnal Teknicheskoy Fiziki, 4(1), 1934, p. 5-29. English translation, Feb. 1968, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, CA, performed for NASA]. The U.S. researcher G. Obolensky also has done appreciable important experimental investigation of the nonlinear load effects for negentropic systems.
S Poynting energy density
flow. Not the overall or total energy flow by any means, but
just that component of it that is intercepted, diverged,
collected, and used, where S is
given
by S = E´H.
The energy flow theory is rather thoroughly fouled, and has
been since the 1880s when the flow of energy through space was proposed by both
Heaviside and Poynting, independently and essentially
simultaneously.
Since both E
and H are defined not as fields per
se, but as the reaction cross section of the fields with a unit charge, the S
does not refer to "energy flow" per se, but to the intercepted component of the
overall energy flow.
Poynting only considered the energy flow component around a
circuit that strikes the circuit's
surface charges and gets diverged into the conductors to power the
electrons. Heaviside, on the other
hand, also considered the startlingly enormous additional EM energy flow filling
all space around the circuit's conductors, generally parallel to the conductors
but missing them.
This huge Heaviside component is still there around every
electrical circuit, but almost entirely ignored and unaccounted. It misses the circuit, passes on off
into space, and is lost in most circuits.
Yet it is trillions of times larger in magnitude than the very tiny
Poynting component which actually gets intercepted, "caught" and used by the
circuit to power its loads and losses.
Since no one could explain where on earth such an enormous
nondiverged Heaviside component pouring out of the power source terminals could
possibly come from, Lorentz—reasoning that, since the nondiverged energy flow
did not do anything, it was "physically insignificant" (Lorentz' term)—then just
integrated the energy flow vector around a little closed surface assumed around
every volume element of interest.
This efficiently discards the Heaviside nondiverged component from all accountability, leaving
only the Poynting energy flow component vector accounted. Of course the Poynting energy flow will
agree with the energy measured in the circuit, since we actually measure energy
dissipation, and the energy that dissipates from the circuit must have first
entered it. Electrodynamicists
today just continue to use Lorentz's integration of the energy flow vector
around an assumed closed surface surrounding any volume element of
interest. Thus, sadly our
electrical power system engineers unwittingly waste trillions of times more EM
energy actually produced from the vacuum by the source dipoles in their
generators, than what the feeble powerline is able to intercept and
utilize.
We have nominated the vast unaccounted Heaviside energy
flow accompanying every field and charge interaction as the source of the extra
gravity known to be present in the arms of the spiral galaxies and holding them
together. See my paper, "Dark
Matter or Dark Energy?", Journal
of New Energy, 4(4), Spring 2000, p. 4-11. Informally we have also nominated this
dark Heaviside energy which fills all space, as associated with the
"quintessence" energy that is responsible for the recently discovered
antigravitational acceleration of the universe. In this view the giant negentropy
process associated with charge (see my "Giant Negentropy of the Common Dipole"
paper, ibid.) is ongoing in all the
stars, galaxies, planets, nebulae, and other astronomical entities. The ordinary energy we measure in all
these processes is gravitational; hence for symmetry and energy conservation,
the primary longitudinal EM wave energy from the time domain that furnishes the
energy to all these spatially energetic processes represents an increasing
curvature of spacetime in the time domain as we travel outward from any origin
point. This is an
antigravitational force, in this concept, which is cumulative as a function of
radial distance from the origin point.
Hence we see the distant parts of the universe as accelerating the
expansion of the universe. At
present this is of course an hypothesis, and must be further validated by
laboratory experiment and further theoretical work in a unified field theory
electrodynamics such as the Sachs-Evans O(3) symmetry electrodynamics.
S-flow is actually
comprised of an organized, structured flow of virtual photons or antiphotons and
itself is not observable. Its interaction with charged particles (electrical
charges and magnetic poles), however, is observable by the amount of energy collected upon (diverged around) the
charge or pole (formation of a local potential), and formation of a translation
force upon the charge or pole.
Again, the "E"
and the "H" in the expression "E´H" are not really the
"electrical field" and "magnetic field" in space, but only their reaction cross sections at each
point in space, should a little unit
point static coulomb be placed at that point to divert some of the E-field flow around it, or a little
unit point static magnetic charge be placed at that point to divert some of the
H-field flow around it. So even the Poynting energy flow S = E´H has been
interpreted in terms of its reaction cross sections.
It is worth noting that electrodynamicists today are still politely debating EM energy flow and the energy flow vector. As an example, a polite "debate" of this subject has been ongoing for over 30 years in American Journal of Physics alone. A particularly significant statement of the problem is given by Jones: "It is possible to introduce the Poynting vector S, defined by S = E´H, and regard it as the intensity of energy flow at a point. This procedure is open to criticism since we could add to S any vector whose divergence is zero without affecting [the basic integration procedure's result]." [D.S. Jones, The Theory of Electromagnetism, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, p. 52.] In short, here Jones is stating that an enormous nondiverged energy flow may accompany the Poynting flow component, and it will not be accounted for by S = E´H. After presenting the various elements required to solve the energy flow problem, Jones bows out with the statement: ""It does not seem likely that an expression satisfying all these conditions will be simple… …fortunately, we are rarely concerned with the energy flow at a point. In most applications we need the rate at which energy is crossing a closed surface." [Jones, ibid., p. 53.] Panofsky and Phillips warn against over-attachment to the Poynting vector: "Paradoxical results may be obtained if one tries to identify the Poynting vector with the energy flow per unit area at any point." [Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky and Melba Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA, 1962, third printing 1969, p. 180.
We point out, however, that for gravitational effects of
energy flows in space, one must account the total energy flow per unit area at and surrounding any point, and
therefore one must restore the unaccounted enormous Heaviside nondiverged EM
energy flow component as well as the accounted tiny little Poynting diverged
energy flow component.
Dt An increment (little
piece of) time.
In special relativity, time can be considered a piece of
spatial length compressed by the factor c, so that L = ct, where L is in meters,
t is in seconds, and c is the speed of light. Time can also be considered as
spatial EM energy compressed by the factor c2. To comprehend time and time rate of
flow, one must first realize that a priori no observable exists or persists in
time. The observable is a 3-spatial
snapshot made at one instant in time, so that "time stopped" momentarily. The observable is thus a frozen snapshot
of the 3-spatial intersection of an ongoing 4-space interaction. At the very next instant, that snapshot
no longer exists. Hence for a mass
(or any other observable) to "propagate in time", there must be a process
whereby Dt is continually added to the observable (such as to mass
m, converting it to masstime mt for a short duration) and then subtracted again,
leaving behind another frozen 3-space snapshot of the "observable" that has
seemingly now endured for that little Dt period, with respect to the observer. As we explain in several papers, the sum
total of the photon interactions with a mass m may be taken as the generator
that produces (1) the flow of the mass m through time, by changing from m to mt
to m to mt… continually, and (2) a substructuring of internal "time-flow
components". In short, any
time-flow ascertained in the macroworld or the microworld by the observer, has
an enormously rich internal dynamics and structuring. Again, in higher symmetry
electrodynamics such as O(3), the internal structuring of the photon, EM field,
EM wave, and EM potential can be modeled and eventually even directly
engineered.
DE An increment (little
piece of) energy.
The photon is considered to be (unit-wise) composed of
(DE)(Dt).
However, in our view (as we explain in energy, energy collection, and energy
dissipation) energy does not occur in "little fixed chunks" at all. One only has
"little chunks" of energy when one is
collecting energy in an ongoing process. In electromagnetics, the
"collection" of energy is actually the ongoing collecting of energy from an
energy flow deviating around an intercepting charge. It is a dynamic, ongoing
process whereby a collector such as a charged particle intercepts and interacts
with (undergoes virtual photon flux exchange with) an impinging energy density
flow S= E´H. In an equilibrium
(static) condition, the deviated flow remains very like a persistent, unchanging
whirlpool in a river, and so is said to have a "static magnitude". If that
Poynting flow is removed, then there is no excess collecting going on and the
"magnitude of the deviated energy flow" is zero. EM energy collection/collecting is
always like a rock in a high wind. As long as the wind is blowing on the rock,
air is deviated to flow around the rock.
The rock has a force field on and of it, and wishes to move. It also has
"excess collected energy", and a gradient in this "excess collected energy"
determined by the wind flow direction. When the wind ceases to blow, the rock
goes back to being just a rock, and forgets it had all that excess wind energy
collecting and any desire to move.
TERMS AND
PHRASES
ABEL, NIELS HENRIK (1802-1829)
Norwegian mathematician who in 1824 proved that the general
equation of fifth degree cannot be solved algebraically. He also left an important paper on
transcendental functions which was published posthumously.
ABELIAN GROUP
A group obeying the commutative law of algebra for every
pair of elements a and b under an operation , so that a*b = b*a. As an example, the set of integers is an
infinite abelian group under the multiplication operation.
ACTION AT A DISTANCE
An action (effect) occurring in a local system, for which
no separate local 3-space cause exists, but for which a causal correlation
exists between a distant cause and the local effect.
To the local 3-space observer, the effect is baffling. In
electromagnetics, action at a distance can be considered a higher topology
phenomena, occurring through hyperspace or through subspace, or through
"multiply connected spacetime." Particularly note that "time" is multiply
connected; i.e., every spatial point in 3-space (in the entire universe) exists
at the same moment in time, which means that electrodynamic action through the
time domain can be used to eliminate the spatial distance between any two
3-space points. Action at a
distance is absolutely required by quantum mechanics, and experiments establish
its truth. Such action was implicitly included in Maxwell's quaternion theory,
but was unknowingly discarded by Heaviside, Hertz, and Gibbs when they
formulated a much more restricted vector interpretation of Maxwell's theory,
after Maxwell's death. Bohm's
hidden variable interpretation of quantum mechanics uses the quantum potential,
which is a multiply-connected entity producing instantaneous action at a
distance. In ordinary
electrodynamics, the common scalar potential in the Coulomb gauge has
instantaneous velocity, and it appears everywhere in space, wherever it will
occupy, all at once in that gauge.
Time is also a set of energy flows in the time domain
(complex plane) rather than in 3-space.
Time is also multiply connected, since a priori every 3-space point in
the universe exists at and in a single moment of time. Since time is dynamic and structured
with special energy flows, it seems possible to use this feature to establish
energy flow during one specific moment to a desired subset of 3-space points,
regardless of where in the universe those points are located. Hence the development of "time-energy"
technology allows action at a distance via manipulating the multiple
connectivity of time and its internal structure (internal time-like energy
flows).
AD HOC MODEL
A model used and fitted for a specific purpose or
area.
Tentative formulation, not intended toward general
application and not yet firm because there is still not a comprehensive, tested
demonstration of the "fit" of the model to the complex phenomenology. Nonetheless, an ad hoc model can be
quite useful in a given area, so long as it sufficiently fits the experimental
data in that area and makes sufficiently accurate predictions in the
area.
ADVANCED FIELD
An electromagnetic field that is a solution of the
classical Maxwell equations, which is positioned on the future light-cone of
spacetime.
We believe much of the problem with the "advanced solution"
is a problem of interpretation. We
would urge the re-interpretation not in terms of "time-travel" where the wave
continues in observer forward time while the rest of the universe is assumed to
retrogress to a previous state, but in terms of time-reversal of that wave
only. In that case, the rest of the
universe stays sane and continues to move in observer forward time, and the wave
itself just moves in forward time in a path-reversed manner, back along a
previous "stimulus wave" (the retarded wave that moved forward in time
normally).
ADVANCED POTENTIAL
An electromagnetic potential that is a solution of the
classical Maxwell equations, which is positioned on the future light-cone of
spacetime.
Presently this potential has not yet been given a physical
interpretation. See remarks
above.
ADVANCED WAVE
An electromagnetic wave that is a solution of the classical
Maxwell equations, and which is positioned on the future light-cone of
spacetime.
See remarks above.
AFFINE CONNECTION
In mathematics: "A connection on a manifold, whose form is
unchanged under affine changes of parameter along curves, e.g., when the
original parameter t of a curve g
(t) is replaced by t = as + b." Dictionary of Science and Technology,
Academic Press, Christopher Morris (Ed.), 1992.
Ugh! We'll let the mathematicians take it from
there.
AFFINE TRANSFORMATION
"Transformation on a linear space to itself which can be
expressed as the sum of a linear transformation and a fixed
vector.
The affine transformations form a group. In the plane, the
group is six-dimensional, consisting of translations, rotations, stretchings and
shrinkings, reflections, simple elongations and compressions, and simple shear
transformations, as well as compositions of these."
Dictionary of
Science and Technology, 1992, ibid.
AHARONOV, YAKIR
Renowned Israeli quantum physicist and former student of
David Bohm.
Co-discoverer of the Aharonov-Bohm effect: Even when the
electromagnetic force fields reduce to zero in a charged particle system, the
potentials may still exist and interfere to cause real physical effects.
Together with Bohm, Aharonov authored a fundamental paper in 1959 which pointed
out the primary importance of the potentials rather than the force fields.
Indeed, the force fields are only made in
and of the charged particle system itself, by interference there of
potentials, and do not exist as such in the vacuum. The forcefields are thus not
primary electromagnetic causes at all, but are secondary effects due to the
interference of potentials in a particular charged particle system. [See Aharonov-Bohm Effect] In his three
volumes of physics, Feynman pointed out that the forcefields do not exist as such in the vacuum, and that only the potential for the forcefields
exists in vacuum. The primary causative agents for electromagnetics are thus
the potentials. This has been proven both theoretically and experimentally in
quantum mechanics, but still does not appear in present classical
electromagnetic theory taught in universities—which terribly confuses cause
waves and effect waves in wave-charge interactions.
AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT
Phenomenon theoretically pointed out in 1959 by Yakir
Aharonov and David Bohm whereby interfering electromagnetic potentials can
produce effects on charged particle systems, even at a distance and in the
absence of the electromagnetic force fields.
See Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of
Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory," Physical Review, Second
Series, 115(3), 1959, p. 485-491.
For an overview and extensive bibliography, see S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu
Popescu, "The Quantum Effects of Electromagnetic Fluxes," Reviews of Modern
Physics, 57(2), Apr. 1985, p. 339-436.
Chambers experimentally demonstrated the Aharonov-Bohm
effect one year later. When
E-
and B-fields are zero in a region,
their potentials still may exist and thus be stable and persistent. Being
gradient-free, a force-free potential is not changing; no bleed-in or bleed-off
of its magnitude or of its internal
structure is occurring. Interference of the potentials produces real
electromagnetic effects (energy) in the interference zone, even at a great
distance, without transmission of "field energy" per se through the intervening
3-space. [Rigorously, the potential's EM energy can be considered to be hyperspatially transmitted, or subspatially transmitted (tunneled) via
the Whittaker internal EM biwave mechanism. See discussions under action at a
distance.]
In 1897-8 Stoney showed (in Philosophical Magazine) by physical
reasoning that all the disturbances of the ether arising from sources of certain
kinds can be resolved into trains of plane waves. This was extended and the
general and special equations written by E.T. Whittaker in 1903 in Mathematische Annalen. In 1904
(delivered orally in 1903) Whittaker's second paper dealing with the subject was
published in the Proceedings of the
London Mathematical Society, and showed that scalar EM potential
interferometry is in fact what generates the classical EM force
fields.
The two Whittaker papers may be interpreted to show a
startling arrangement in a potential or EM wave. (1) any EM field or wave in a
particular 3-space is due to two interfering scalar potential functions in that
space. So we may replace any EM
field or wave with two scalar potential functions, a priori. (2) But each of the scalar potentials
onto which the functions are applied, is decomposable into the Whittaker 1903
longitudinal EM wavepairs, where the output waves are in 3-space and the input
waves are time-like and come from the complex plane. This provides a hidden "infolded LW
electrodynamics" inside, and composing, all EM fields and waves. Further, the decomposition is recursive,
so each of the first tier infolded EM waves can be decomposed again into a
second tier of biwaves, etc. Thus
the most primary electrodynamics of all is the nested infolded longitudinal EM
wave structuring of all present EM waves, potentials, and fields. The internal LW waves also form rigorous
curvature of ST patterns (templates) and thus engines. By engineering the structure and
dynamics of the internal EM, one can engineer mass—including the atomic nuclei,
quarks, and gluons—as one wishes, once the technology is sufficiently
developed. In the West, this entire
area has been ignored, but it has been highly weaponized by the KGB in Russia.
AIAS
Alpha Foundation's Institute for Advanced
Study.
Unusual "think tank" comprised of fellows and fellow
emeriti in various places in the world, who cooperate in advanced
electromagnetics studies via E-mail.
Led by Dr. Myron W. Evans, a theorist of note, the institute has been
forging ahead with the production of O(3) symmetry electrodynamics, particularly
as an important subset of Mendel Sachs' unified field theory. Dozens of AIAS group-authored papers
have been published in various leading journals such as Foundations of Physics,
Physica Scripta etc. More than 90
AIAS papers are carried on a restricted Department of Energy website for
reference by DoE scientists. The
work is particularly significant in working out how EM energy flows in both the
3-spatial and time domains, and how EM energy can be and is extracted from the
active vacuum. More than a dozen
of the later AIAS papers are
carried on a DoE public website,
http://www.ott.doe.gov/electromagnetic/papersbooks.html. Also, about two dozen AIAS papers have
either been approved for publication in journals, or are in the review
process. The present author is a
Fellow Emeritus of the AIAS, and is kindly tolerated as a conceptualist by these
advanced theoreticians.
AIDS
Acquired
Immunological Deficiency Syndrome.
A
condition of acquired immunological deficiency associated with infection of the
cells of the immune systems with the retrovirus HTLV-III. It is usually recognized by testing
positive to HIV infection, and eventually by physical deterioration and by
development of one or more life-threatening opportunistic infections such as
pneumonia, or of Kaposi's sarcoma.
AIKIDO
A
Japanese martial art whose modern form is a synthesis of many schools of jujitsu
and the zen art of meditation in motion.
It
is the way (DO) of entering and turning (AI) the opponents vital energy
(KI). The present author is a
retired sandan (third degree black belt) in Yoseikan aikido. He is retired because of debilitating
injuries suffered in other fields and accidents, and as a busted-up old dog of
70 has no business bouncing hard off the mats with all those vigorous young
fellows. His extra 50 pounds also
no longer enhance his athletic ability.
We did write a book, privately held but never published, on Aikido and
dealing with the principles of unarmed combat. Interestingly, we simply went into the
deep unconscious in meditation (and perhaps a little beyond, depending on one's
viewpoint) to uncover the unsuspected principles. To list them, we went through the
alphabet four times. Many of these
principles have never appeared in any text on martial arts or military
combat. The task was placed on me
by my sensei and required seven years to complete. Perhaps one of these days we will
formally publish the book.
ALGEBRAS
The various types of mathematics in which the theoretical
models for physics and other sciences are embedded.
Some important algebras utilized in physics are the vector
algebra, tensor algebra, quaternion algebra, Grassman algebra, Pauli algebra,
Clifford algebra, etc. There are
many others. The complexity of the
symmetry and of the topology varies significantly between these algebras. Thus, an electrodynamics model in a
lower topology algebra such as vectors or tensors will not reveal or permit
nearly so great a set of electrodynamic functions and operations as will
electrodynamics embedded in a higher topology algebra such as quaternion algebra
or Clifford algebra.
As an example, it has been shown by Barrett that the
operation of many of Nikola Tesla's patented circuits cannot be understood if
analyzed in vector or tensor electrodynamics. The circuits will reveal totally new
functions when analyzed in quaternion electrodynamics. That paper is T. W. Barrett,
"Tesla's Nonlinear Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit (OSC) Theory," Annales de la Fondation Louis de
Broglie, 16(1), 1991, p. 23-41
ALLOPATHIC
MEDICINE
A
medical system which combats disease by using remedies which produce effects
different from those produced by the disease treated.
Reliance
is primarily upon drugs, pain relievers, and treatment of symptoms as well as
use of agents to "kill" the microbial organisms regarded as the cause of the
diseases. Surgery is used as a
major adjunct. From time to time,
other practices formerly frowned upon or even legally prosecuted are recognized
as effective and legitimate, and are then brought in under the aegis of
organized allopathic medicine.
Physical therapy is such a formally prosecuted modality that was
eventually adopted; hypnosis is another.
The problems with organized allopathy is that (1) it tends to be
monopolistic, (2) it uses the state's power to enforce its credo, (3) it
controls both the bulk of the medical scientific literature and the flow of
research funds from both government and private sources, (4) it does not
adequately police its doctors and technicians, (5) it does not sufficiently
accent preventative medicine or "whole human being" treatment, and (6) it
engages in conspiracies to destroy competing systems of medicine (as in the case
of chiropractic). (7) On the other
hand, it has made remarkable advances in preventing killer diseases by
vaccination, treating them by antibiotics, and in eradicating or controlling
many of the former great killer diseases such as smallpox, diphtheria, and
bubonic plague. It has been far
less successful in treating and reversing debilitation, cancer,
arteriosclerosis, etc. Just now,
most of its major weapons against the former dread diseases are beginning to
fail. The disease organisms are
rapidly changing into new, more virulent forms that are resistant or even immune
to the present "successful" treatments.
Even in orthodox medical publications, it is now beginning to be
recognizing that allopathic medicine is starting to fail, and that we are again
entering a period of great, uncontrollable killer pandemics.
ALLOPATHY
Another
name for allopathic medicine and allopathic medical therapy.
AMBIENT
VACUUM
The average active vacuum, in space, removed from large
collections of charge and mass.
AMBIENT VACUUM POTENTIAL
The average standard vacuum
(spacetime) considered as a potential having structure and dynamics on a myriad
levels.
Anything that is composed of virtual
particle flux is a potential. Another way of looking at the vacuum is
to realize that, having an energy density, then a priori it is a potential or may be
modeled as such.
Hence the ambient vacuum can be
decomposed via the Whittaker method into an internal set of infolded EM
longitudinal waves of very special nature.
Further, our work on the broken 3-symmetry energy flow involved in any
potential or dipolarity shows the more fundamental 4-symmetry energy flow
between the time domain and 3-space.
This 4-symmetry energy flow is also highly structured and
dynamic.
Whittaker's work shows that,
contrary to present assumptions in quantum physics, a particular potential has
its virtual particle flux formed into a beautiful bidirectional wave structure.
The apparent disorder at any local point in the local vacuum potential is due to
the constant arrival of myriads of potentials, from charged particles all over
the universe. The violent interference and re-interference of these potentials
results in the creation of violently changing virtual photons—or in terms of
waves, violently changing EM waves and fields. In other words, the statistical
disorder of the vacuum is actually composed of continually and rapidly
changing perfect order. [Here we have confronted 3-law Aristotelian logic with
its missing 4th law, because at the
limit opposites are identical!]
The continual violent interferometry results in the zero-point EM fluctuations
of vacuum. Each EM fluctuation is completely deterministic, as shown in
Puthoff's cosmological feedback mechanism. However, the macroscopic observer has
no knowledge of the cause or of the arrival, and of the myriads of interferences
that produced the final EM field fluctuation. Hence although the zero-point
fluctuations of vacuum are completely deterministic one-by-one, the observer has
no information on their causality.
Hence to the observer these fluctuations are completely statistical and
seemingly without local order.
However, because of their hidden determinism, these fluctuations are chaotic
rather than random—contrary to the Gibbs' thermodynamics statistics assumed and
adopted by quantum mechanics. That statistics should be changed to an "already
chaotic" statistics containing hidden Whittaker order. This would appear to be
the real solution to the recognized major QM problem of the missing
chaos.
Since their changes and appearances
are completely in one-to-one correspondence to all distant features of the
macroscopically ordered universe, then their integration yields macroscopic
order. Further, as can be seen, Mach's principle—so near and dear to the heart
of Einstein—arises directly from the foregoing discussion. In such fashion,
integration of statistical (but chaotic, and with hidden order) quantum changes
results in the familiar, ordered macroscopic world. This removes the great error
in QM: that heretofore it has failed to predict the ordered macroscopic universe
we observe and inhabit.
ANALOGUE
Part that is analogous
(representative or modeled).
At root, an analogue of something is
a second something that functions in similar fashion to the first
something.
ANAEROBE
An
organism that lives, is active, and occurs in the absence of free oxygen. Particularly applicable to one-celled
organisms that do so.
ANAEROBE,
FACULTATIVE
An
organism that can live either as an aerobe or as an anaerobe. Particularly applicable to one-celled
organisms possessing that capability.
ANAEROBE,
OBLIGATORY
An
organism that is restricted to being anaerobic; i.e., it cannot utilize oxygen
from the atmosphere.
ANAEROBIC
Characteristic
of an organism of living, active, or occurring in the absence of free
oxygen.
ANGULAR
MOMENTUM
The
momentum or "leverage" of the momentum of a moving body, with respect to an axis
or reference point.
Angular
momentum as the same units as action; that is, it is energy multiplied by time,
or momentum multiplied by length.
In terms of particles, it is also known as spin.
ANOMALOUS EM JAMMING
MECHANISM
In
a dense signal environment, an unusual mechanism whereby EM energy from the skin
of an aerial vehicle is directed laser-like into the internal
circuitry.
The density of the signals impinging upon the skin are such that the probability of multiple photon interaction increases. Also, on a nonlinearity in/on the skin, the multiplex of signals creates a scalar EM potential. Decomposition of this potential into Whittaker waves provides hidden "pump" waves upon the nonlinearity, which therefore acts as a pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM). EM fields and signals from the internal operating circuits in the vehicle provide "signal waves" to the internal skin and to the nonlinearity PPCMs on the skin. Amplified phase conjugate replica (PCR) waves are generated by the PPCMs, where in each PCR wave the energy may be the total of the external signal density pump waves upon the initiating PPCM. The result is that the skin becomes a "collector" of energy from all the impinging external signals, and focuses much of this collected external energy into laser-like beams inside the vehicle which penetrate directly back to the circuit element that originated the particular signal field/wave to the inner skin. The result is spurious jamming throughout the vehicle, directly in its operating circuits, in a manner not described in normal ECM theory. Also, the same effect occurs in a human body when exposed to such a dense signal environment (threshold about 200,000 signals per square meter per second, and particularly active above 500,000 signals per square meter per second. I.e., in such an EM "smog" environment, the anomalous jamming mechanism is able to progressively conduct the energy impinging upon the skin deep into the body and throughout it, including into the bone marrow. This effect is not described at all in the standard dosimetry literature and experimental approaches for examining the effects of EM fields and radiations upon biological systems. By rigorous frequency band control of radiations and communications, most equipment can be operated in an appreciably dense environment such as appears on the modern environment, because the equipment is essentially "narrow band." The human, however, is a very wide-band receiver, and in such dense environments—even at very weak signal levels—the human system will eventually undergo cumulative damage. This is one of the major mechanisms involved in long term deleterious biological effects of EM radiation environments, but this effect on living systems has not been investigated in the laboratory by present EM bioeffects researchers.
In
the U.S. air attack on Libya in 1986, the anomalous jamming mechanism interfered
with the aircraft, controls, and missiles because frequency discipline was not
rigorously enforced. In the Gulf
War, rigid frequency discipline was enforced, with the result that the
electronic systems operated normally.
However, the troops exposed to that environment (which varied from place
to place) were affected by the mechanism, which added a bit to the previous
cumulative damage to their immune systems, etc.
ANTIBODY
A
body substance produced in response to a specific antigen (protein or
carbohydrate or other substance, such as a toxin or enzyme, capable of
stimulating an immune response).
The
antibody counteracts the effects of the antigen, by neutralizing toxins,
agglutinating bacteria or cells, precipitating soluble antigens, etc.
ANTI-ELECTRON
The
time-reversed electron, or positron.
Under time reversal, electric charge reverses in
sign.
Paul A.M. Dirac, in his "A Theory of Electrons and Protons," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A126, 1930, p. 360 introduced the negative energy electron sea (now called the "Dirac sea") with negative energy electron holes treated as the positive electron. He attempted to identify these holes with protons, but that was later refuted. The positron, discovered about a year after Dirac's paper, was later connected with this anti-electron.
Note
that Dirac himself was not adamant that all negative energy state holes in the
Dirac sea were filled with electrons, but just that almost all of them were. Modern researchers have tended to extend
this to state that all the holes are
filled, normally. That is
sufficient in forward time situations.
But it does not necessarily hold in a time-reversed situation, in a
time-reversed zone, or in a tempic back emf.
ANTIGRAVITY
An
effect whereby normal masses repulse
one another rather than attract one
another
Antigravity
may also be considered as time-reversed
gravitation. It may also be
considered as gravitation between two
negative masses.
ANTIMATTER
Matter
consisting of atoms which are composed of antielectrons (positrons),
antiprotons, antineutrons.
Also loosely refers to the antiparticle corresponding to a particle—the antiparticle may be regarded as the particle traveling backward in time, or "phase conjugated", or "time-reversed.
ANTIPARTICLE
A counterpart to an ordinary fundamental particle, having identical mass lifetime and spin, but with charge and magnetic moment reversed in algebraic sign.
Note that when the charge is reversed, parity and time are also reversed. Thus, properly, the antiparticle is the phase conjugation of the particle, or just conjugate particle for short. In effect an antiparticle is the particle traveling backward in observer time rather than forward in observer time.
ANTIPHASED
180 degrees out of phase
(contrary-wise in timing).
ANTIPHOTON
A time-reversed
photon.
Presently, the photon is considered
its own antiparticle, so that photon and antiphoton are one and the same. In the
new approach, that is not quite true. First, one considers that a photon—as is
well known—has the units of angular momentum. Thus it is made of "energy
multiplied by time." We consider that the time-forward photon (i.e. a normal
photon), is made of (+DE)(+Dt). Usually physicists have largely neglected the fact that
a photon carries an increment of time
as well as an increment of energy! In our approach the antiphoton, being a time-reversed entity, must be composed
differently. We have tentatively considered the antiphoton to be comprised of
(DE)(- Dt). It will probably initially be necessary to take into
account the fact that Minkowski geometry treats the T dimension as imaginary
rather than simple arithmetic. We haven't had the lengthy time to work all of
that out; perhaps one of the better theoreticians or one of the sharp young
graduate students will do that and save us the trouble.
At any rate, the requirement is
that—in a coupled photon-antiphoton pair (a graviton)—the energies of photon and
antiphoton must add spatially, while electromagnetically the translation
forces (actually translation impulses) of photon and antiphoton must cancel or
thwart each other. One insists on a strong interpretation of the distortion
correction theorem in phase conjugate optics. In other words, we consider the
"wave" as composed of photons, while the "antiwave" (phase conjugate replica)
emitted by a phase conjugate mirror is composed of antiphotons. And we consider
that the distortion correction theorem must apply to the wave's photons, so that
the antiphotons are precisely superposing (coupling) and then decoupling as the
wave and antiwave pass through each other in perfect spatial superposition. We
feel that this "totally in phase spatially but totally antiphased temporally"
concept is important. It is
well-known, e.g., that in certain cases protons—the very building blocks of
matter itself—can pass right through other protons, as shown in certain
colliding beam experiments if their relative spins are properly
arranged.
ANTISIGNAL
The phase conjugate of a signal. The time reversal of that signal or its
twin. The phase conjugate replica
signal/wave emitted by a phase conjugate mirror material in response to an
incident signal/wave.
ANTI-STOKES EMISSION
Radiation emitted from an
intensely scattering medium that is of greater intensity than the input
radiation.
In other words, the medium gives off
more energy than we have to put into it. This has been known since the 1930s and
proven experimentally, but no really complete explanation has been
forthcoming. The conventional
explanation is that some of the kinetic energy of the medium is furnished to
cause additional emission. In that
case, anti-Stokes emission would lower the kinetic energy of the emitting
medium. Note that this is not
necessarily true at all in Letokhov's negative absorption (excess emission) of
the medium, where in that case the excess energy in the emissions is said to
come directly from energy absorbed from the active
vacuum.
ANTI-STOKES RADIATION
The radiation coming from an
anti-Stokes emission process from an intensely scattering medium, where more
energy flux is emitted than is input by the
experimenter-operator.
In the past, there has just been
"arm-waving" that the excess energy must come from the internal energy of the
molecules. There seems to be no explanation at all of where the excess energy of
the molecules must continue to come from! Tacit silence on this "apparent"
violation of energy conservation is held.
But see Letokhov's negative
absorption of the medium discussions in the
literature.
We quote from H. C. Dake and Jack
DeMent. (1941) Fluorescent Light and Its
Applications, Chemical Publishing Company, Inc., Brooklyn, New York, 1941.
p. 51-52: "When a phosphor or other
luminescent substance emits light, it gives in most cases an emission according
to Stokes' Law. This law states that the wavelength of the fluorescent (emitted)
light is always greater than the wavelength of the exciting radiation. It was
first observed in 1852 in the memoir "On the Change of Refrangibility of Light,"
by Sir G. G. Stokes. In terms of energy the relationship states that e em < e
ab. While Stokes' Law holds for the majority of cases, it does not hold in
certain instances. In some cases the wave length is the same for both the
absorbed and the emitted radiation. That is, the efficiency appears to be
perfect or unity. This is known as resonance radiation. In other cases Stokes'
Law does not hold where the energy emitted is greater than the energy absorbed.
This is known as Anti-Stokes emission. In 1935 Prileshajewa showed that there is
an energy difference as much as 1.1 v between the exciting light and the
fluorescence of aniline vapor. This added energy is attributed to additions from
the internal energy of the molecule."
There is no real problem of
identifying the source of the excess energy, once one realizes that (i) every
dipole is a broken symmetry in the vacuum exchange with the end charges of the
dipole, and thus extracts virtual energy from the vacuum, integrates and orders
it, and outputs it as EM energy density flow. One then adds multiretroreflection and
multiple passes of the EM energy flow, so that charges that intercept and
collect energy from the reciprocating flow can multiply connect from the same
energy flow (on a given pass, only a tiny, tiny fraction—nominally about
10-13—of the energy
flow is intercepted and interacted with by the collecting particle). Thus
multiple collections from the same EM energy flow can be accomplished, if the
flow is iteratively rerouted (as by retroreflection or phase conjugate
reflection) back across the collecting charges again and
again.
In this fashion additional energy is
collected in the collected volume, which increases the local collected energy
density in that volume. In turn this increases the local potential of that
volume. In turn that increases the
energy flow from that potential acting as a dipole, because it increases the
dipole strength and consequently the magnitude of the dipole's broken symmetry
in its vacuum flux exchange.
The inefficiency of the process
increases nonlinearly with increasing local potential, and faster than the
buildup of local energy density occurs from multipass multicollection. When the
inefficiency curve reaches the increasing broken symmetry energy extraction
curve, then a point of equilibrium is reached. At that equilibrium point, the
rate of energy diffusing out of the multipass region and escaping from the
periphery of the system is equal to the rate of extraction of energy from the
vacuum and flowing it out into as Poynting S-flow into the multicollection region
and collecting it.
So we have described an open
thermodynamic system, where there are two inputs of energy flow: (i) that by the
operator-experimenter, and (ii) that from the vacuum via the dipolar broken
symmetries. At equilibrium condition the total input energy rate is equal to the
total energy escaping rate, and the conservation of energy law is rigorously
upheld. However, this is an open thermodynamic system far from equilibrium, and
so rigorously the nonlinear thermodynamics of such systems applies, rather than
the normal equilibrium thermodynamics. As is well-known, the coefficient of
performance for such open systems in disequilibrium, may permissibly be
overunity, even greatly overunity.
Properly utilized, the overunity
anti-Stokes or Letokhov emission can be made very large—such as COP
»1200 in Patterson's adaptation. The process and its
overunity certification already exist in the hard science literature, being
known and experimentally demonstrated for at least three
decades.
ANTIWAVE
The time-reversal (phase
conjugation) of a reference wave.
A phase conjugate replica wave is a
time-reversed replica of its referent wave. Hence it is the antiwave of the
referent wave.
A-POTENTIAL
Vector magnetic potential.
The A-potential is a real entity more primary than the
magnetic field B, and not a
mathematical convenience as was originally thought—as detailed in the second
volume of Feynman's three volumes of physics. Indeed, it may be separated from
the magnetic field, as reported by Feynman, and used for instrumentation effects
in the manner patented by Gelinas. When separated from magnetic field, it is
often referred to as the "curl-free vector potential," since the B-field is modeled as being created
from the A-field by curling it. In
other words, B is defined as the
curl of the magnetic vector potential, if we use B º
Ñ´A. Hence "separating" magnetic field
from A-potential simply is a sort of
"parallel branching" of the energy density flow of the A-potential. It is like branching the voltage on a
feeder line conductor in an electric circuit into two parallel conductors. The feeder potential splits into two, so
that each branch has the same potential.
Actually the vast energy flow in the feeder line only has a small
component which strikes the surface charges, diverting the energy into the
conductor and potentializing the Drude electrons. In branching into two conductors, the
giant flow branches also, but is so great that the surface charges in each of
the two branches still intercept essentially the same amount of energy,
diverging it into the conductor.
Hence each conductor exhibits the same potential as the feeder
conductor
The same thing happens when one "splits" or branches the A-potential in similar fashion. The diverted and separated B-field branch will exhibit "equal
energy density" flow (i.e., in the form of magnetic flux density flow) and yet
the original A-potential path
through space will still have the same previous energy flow density magnitude,
just without curl (without magnetic field).
Any good toroid or very long solenoid already performs such
separation, and hence energy density flow doubling. If properly used—as in the motionless
electromagnetic generator (MEG)—this effect can be used to provide a generator
with COP>1.0. At this writing,
the present MEG exhibits COP = 16, and is a patent-pending
system.
The well-known Aharonov-Bohm effect, e.g., also uses this
separation of the curl of the
A-potential, leaving an uncurled A-potential whose changes will and do
interact with electrons.
The curl-free vector potential is particularly interesting
because (1) it is a unique and independent field of nature, (2) its curl
produces a magnetic field, (3) its time derivative produces an electric field,
(4) its magnitude does not fall off inversely as the distance squared, but only
inversely as the distance, and its time derivative dA/dt = B E. Hence, as in the MEG, one can extract
energy both from the curl-free A-potential and the curled
A-potential (magnetic field B), increasing the available energy
collected in the circuit to greater than what the operator input to it. This is simply a physical process of
regauging, wherein electrodynamicists already routinely assume (and apply) the
fact that the potential energy of any EM system can be freely changed at will,
by regauging. In the real world, of
course, we may have to pay a little switching energy, but we are free to regauge
(by this "splitting the potential into equal parallel paths, and by other
methods), at will and at any time and place. The MEG just takes advantage of one
major method for free regauging, in order to violate the Lorentz symmetry
condition (violate symmetry in the system's energy exchange with its active
vacuum environment). It thereby is
legitimately permitted to exhibit COP>1.0 and output more energy than one
inputs, because the regauging transforms it into an open dissipative system far
from thermodynamic equilibrium in its active environmental energy
exchange.
ARISTOTELIAN
LOGIC
The conventional three laws of logic, unconsciously fitted to the physical reality created by the single photon interaction. The three laws are: (1) a thing is identical to itself, (2) a thing is not identical to something else, and (3) either one has a given thing or something that is not that thing. Mathematically these are written as (1) A A, (2) A Ã, and (3) A Ã. Aristotelian logic applies only to single observation at a time (monocular observation, a single observer). When multiple simultaneous observation (multiocular observation, multiple observers) are considered, the three laws may be violated. In that case a fourth law, A Ã is added. This law may be seen to be the exact negation of all the first three. An application rule (which may itself be called a fifth law) is also added, and states that either the first three laws are explicit and the fourth is implicit, or the first three are implicit and the fourth is explicit. Further, the fourth law is the law of the paradox: Something that is found to be true in nature, but violates one or more of Aristotle's three laws, is known as a logical paradox. In the higher logic, it simply violates the case where the three Aristotelian laws are explicit and the fourth law is implicit. Instead, the three Aristotelian laws are now implicit and the fourth law has become explicit. All boundaries exhibit this effect.
It is highly recommended that the
interested reader familiarize himself or herself with Morris Kline, Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty,
Oxford University Press, New York, 1980. Kline deals directly with the fact that
mathematics is not a body of unshakable truths about the physical world, and
mathematical reasoning is not exact and fallible.
ARISTOTLE
A great Greek philosopher who
lived from 384-322 B.C.
Aristotle is famous for his three
laws of logic: (1) a thing is identical to itself, (2) a thing is not identical
to something else, and (3) either one has the thing considered or one has
something else.
Heraclitus pointed out that
Aristotle's laws prohibited any change, and yet changes were ubiquitous. In short, for a thing to change, it had
to change into something else, so Heraclitus pointed out. So how could a thing be both itself and
something else simultaneously? How could it be not itself while being
itself? The problem has not been
solved by the logicians and philosophers to this day, because it has no solution
in Aristotelian 3-law logic. So
Heraclitus, believe it or not, concluded that all change was an
illusion.
ATHERIOSCLEROSIS
Basically, clogging of the arteries, which may be due to deposits onto the artery walls or by thickening and growth of the artery walls themselves, or a combination. It is a chronic (slowly progressing) disease where the artery walls become progressively thickened and hardened and the artery becomes less elastic.
It
has been found that the common cytomegalovirus (one of the herpes viruses) plays
a key role in the development of the disease. Initial deposits irritate and injure the
arterial walls, and the herpes 6 virus infects the site, partially nullifying
the control of excess grown of the arterial muscle tissue. This deposit and concomitant stimulation
of some excess muscle growth occurs repeated, so that the muscle tissue grows
abnormally over an extended period of time. For this reason, when an operation is
performed to forcibly reduce the deposits inside the artery, the resulting
injuries to the arterial wall tissues leads to the herpes 6 infection and
stimulation of excess muscle growth.
It has been found, e.g., that after angioplasty the process is often
engendered, so that within a year or two the artery is narrowed again, but this
time by abnormal growth of smooth muscle tissue. The Prioré team demonstrated positive
and total remission of arteriosclerosis in laboratory animals by means of
nonionizing EM irradiation to produce an amplified "antiengine", which "time
reversed" or dedifferentiated the stricken cells and the stricken areas back to
a previous state.
ARTIFICIAL POTENTIAL
A scalar potential which is
composed of, or partially contains, an artificially assembled bidirectional wave
set.
See E. T. Whittaker, "On the Partial
Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903,
p. 333-355 for proof that a "scalar potential" is actually a harmonic set of
hidden bidirectional EM phase
conjugate longitudinal wavepairs. Each wavepair consists of a wave and its
antiwave (true time-reversed replica wave).
If the external observer could see
the detected (effect) waves in a
hidden wavepair, he would see the "wave" going in one direction and the antiwave
passing precisely through it in the other direction. However, prior to detection, the phase
conjugate wave exists entirely in the complex plane and hence in the time domain
(in -ict). So the interpretation of
Whittaker's 1903 paper, in terms of cause and effect waves, is that the phase
conjugate half set is incoming from the time domain to each and every point in
the dipolarity or potential, and the "real 3-space half set" is being radiated
in every direction in 3-space from that point. See my paper, "Giant
Negentropy….".
In addition to Whittaker's sum set
of biwaves, Ziolkowski added the product set in the mid-1980s. E.g., see Richard
W. Ziolkowski, "Exact solutions of the wave equation with complex source
locations," Journal of Mathematical
Physics, 26(4), April 1985, p. 861-863; Rod Donnelly and Richard Ziolkowski,
"A method for constructing solutions of homogeneous partial differential
equations: localized waves," Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London A., Vol. 437, 1992, p. 673-692. Particularly
see I.M. Besieris, A.M. Shaarawi, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "A bidirectional
travelling plane wave representation of exact solutions of the scalar wave
equation," Journal of Mathematical
Physics, 30(6), 1989, p. 1254-1269.
However, these deal only with the
effects waves after detection.
Another way of defining an
artificial potential is: A potential
formed by or containing a subset formed by, deliberately summing nonzero force
field vectors to a zero vector resultant. [Note that electrodynamicists
routinely discard vector systems that sum to a zero resultant; not realizing
that in doing so, they are discarding vacuum engines and a vastly extended
electrogravitational dynamics!] The vector zero system of infolded nonzero
vectors has a deterministic, internal stress pattern that is macroscopic. The
type of potential made by the zero summation depends upon the type of force
vectors summed. For example, summing electric field vectors to zero produces an
electrostatic scalar potential; summing magnetic field vectors to zero produces
a magnetostatic scalar potential of vacuum.
All potentials represents local
warps or curvatures in vacuum/spacetime, and all artificial potentials contain
internal, deterministic templates of nested internal spacetime curvatures.
Curvature of spacetime interacts directly upon mass and physical systems
embedded in it. Thus these deterministic, internested local spacetime curvatures
of the artificial potential represent vacuum engines, or spacetime engines, and
the artificial potential is said to be a dimensioned or activated potential. Any system exposed
to and placed in such a vacuum spacetime engine, will have these hidden vacuum
flux asymmetries interacting upon each and every part of it, down to and
including the nuclei, the nucleons, and the quarks in the
nucleons.
ASYMMETRICAL REGAUGING
Change of either the scalar
potential f or the vector potential A, but not both, so that a single
excess force and a single change of system energy occurs in the
system.
This violates the assumed Lorentz
condition, and thus excess energy can enter the system, and an excess "free"
force appears which can (if the system is adroitly designed) then translate to
perform work upon the system to increase its (e.g. kinetic) energy, exhausting
the excess regauging energy in the process and restoring
symmetry.
In conventional EM theory, Maxwell's
equations in potential formulation are in terms of two potentials, f (the scalar
potential) and A (the vector
potential). When Heaviside retranslated Maxwell's quaternion set of 20 equations
in 20 unknowns, he transformed it (in potential form) into two equations where
main variables f and A are not
separated. Electrodynamicists, who until recently considered the potentials as
not even real, but just mathematical figments and conveniences, then simply
arbitrarily changed both f and A just precisely so that the extra force
appearing in the system by the change of f was countered by an equal and
opposite extra force also appearing in the system by the change of A. This type of symmetrical (no net force) regauging is
known as the Lorentz
condition.
Each asymmetrical (produces a nonzero excess
net force) potential change (each half of the two asymmetrical regaugings that
comprise the symmetrical regauging) also altered the overall energy of the
system. However, in the symmetrical regauging that total energy change is
"bottled up" as increased stress in the system, because no net translation force
is available to be translated and use the energy change to produce excess "free
work."
The Lorentz condition assumes that
the designer will not allow the
equilibrium of the system to be broken! In that case, of course, ordinary
equilibrium thermodynamics applies, and the system cannot produce COP>1.0.
Prior to this Lorentz condition assumption and its absolutely arbitrary
regauging, Maxwell's equations do include asymmetrical regauging and therefore
open EM systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium; precisely those which
violate the Lorentz condition (symmetric regauging) assumption. In short, the unregauged equations do
include COP>1.0 electrodynamic circuits and
systems.
Unknowingly the electrodynamicists
arbitrarily discarded the entire
Maxwellian class of overunity EM engines and circuits—which class incorporates
making a change in one potential(s) such that the Lorentz condition does not
hold.
ASYMMETRY
Lack
of symmetry, or "broken symmetry" in a general sense.
ASYMMETRY OF THE DIPOLE
Any dipole or dipolarity is a
broken 3-symmetry in its fierce exchange of EM energy with the active
vacuum. This means that it
continuously receives and absorbs copious virtual energy from the seething
vacuum flux, and that not all this absorbed energy is reradiated back to the
vacuum in virtual form. Instead,
some of it is integrated into observable form and re-radiated in all directions
as usable, real 3-space EM energy.
This is standard, well-known
particle physics, although it appears to be totally missing from classical
electrodynamics and it is not considered at all by electrical power system
designers and analysts!
Every electric charge is a broken
symmetry in the virtual particle flux exchange between the quantum mechanical
(energetic) vacuum and the mass of that electric charge. The dipole is two
different such asymmetries. As is well-known in particle physics (not in
classical EM theory!) each such broken symmetry must "gate" out some of the
vacuum energy. In short, the charge asymmetry "extracts" some vacuum energy from
its normal "energetic exchange" with the vacuum flux, and puts it out in some
form we call "observable" (capable of being measured; specifically, of being
intercepted by electric charges so as to produce a force field across the charge
and translate it).
Well, an electrical charge produces
a flow of energy density which we may represent conventionally as S = E´H
(when collected and measured on
assumed unit point charges), which we—a little bit mistakenly— call
"observable." [Actually, until the energy flow interacts with that assumed unit
point charge, it is an organized flow of virtual entities] After interaction it is real observable
EM energy in 3-space. The spinning electron has its own magnetic moment and its
own E-field. Since (in one form)
also E = - Ñf , an extracted and formed S = E´H is output by the
charge asymmetry. This output energy flow also produces the assumed
f
evidenced by the charge interaction, since f as used represents the reaction cross section of the
potential. Note that all these
entities S, E, H, and f are defined in electrodynamics only as their own
interaction cross section with a unit point charge containing mass.
In classical electrodynamics (formed
long before the notion of charged particles, atoms, and EM energy flow!) it is
just recognized that "charge is the source of a potential." Actually charge
gates the energy flow from the vacuum flux, receiving the energy from the time
domain by its asymmetry, transduces the energy into 3-space energy, and outputs
it as real EM energy pouring out in 3-space in all directions. That energy-flow contains and carries
the energy that will interact with charge to form the E-field, the H-field (spin field), and
f.
Also, in particle physics and gauge
theory it is well-known that no mass
system can be in equilibrium anyway, unless the vacuum-to-mass interaction is
incorporated! After CEM was formed, much later the atom was discovered and
the electron was discovered. Much later then, particle physics and quantum
mechanics came along. CEM theory has never been altered to include the necessary
vacuum interaction, although it has been known for decades that CEM is totally
in error in this respect.
Here one poses a question to the
sharp young graduate students: Why does every university continue to teach a
seriously flawed classical electrodynamics which does not include the
vacuum/mass interaction, when the physics department at the same university
knows full well that it must or no EM system can be in equilibrium? Why is not
such a fundamental and universal
issue strongly raised and intensively discussed by our large, tax-exempt
scientific organizations at their annual symposia? Why do not the National
Science Foundation and the National Academy of Science demand that serious work
be done at all speed, to correct such known scientific deficiencies in the
classical EM theory? What happened to
science as the search for physical truth, and replaced it with "status quo"
models or—in some cases—even dogma?
It is an inexplicable mystery to me, and one to which I do not know the
answer.
AUTOIMMUNE
DISORDER
A
disease or disorder relating to or caused by the antibodies or T-cells that
attack foreign molecules, cells, or tissues of their host
organism.
A
flagrant autoimmune disease example is AIDS, Acquired Immunological Deficiency
Syndrome. The AIDS virus
successfully hides from the antibodies, so that they cannot perform their proper
function, and it infects the T-cells and negates their function. However, there are other examples other
than AIDS: e.g., rheumatism and osteoarthritis.
BACK EMF
The counter-electromotive force,
usually between the end charges of the source dipole for an EM
circuit.
When the electrons in the circuit
are forced against the emf—as when the charges from the ground reference of the
circuit are forced back up through the emf of the source dipole—then work is
done upon the source dipole to scatter the charges and destroy the dipole. Removing the dipole removes its receipt
of vacuum energy via its broken 3-symmetry, transduction of that energy, and
output of it along the circuit and in space around the circuit as the energy
flow that powers the circuit (with part missing the circuit and being just
wasted).
Since this removes the power from
the circuit, then additional energy must be input to the source to perform work
on the internal charges and restore that source dipole
again.
There are actually two emfs in a
circuit, not one. There is a
3-space emf and also an entirely unrecognized tempic emf. In either case, under proper
circumstances there can be a back-emf or either one or both. See discussion under electromotive force, back. See also tempic back emf (to be
added).
BALL
LIGHTNING
Rare form of lightning where an incandescent, slow-moving globe forms. The globe often moves erratically, explodes, and may set fire to objects it touches.
Ball
lightning may be due to scalar electromagnetic interferometry which can produce
a controlled pattern of electromagnetic energy at a distance, or it may be due
to the formation of a special localized spacetime curvature engine.
BARE
ELECTRON
The
true electron without its partial shielding of virtual positrons that are
attracted around it.
BARRETT, TERENCE
W.
Noted modern electrodynamicist
and consultant who works in SU(2)´SU(2) gauge symmetry extended electrodynamics, and was also
one of the pioneers of ultrawideband radar.
BECKER, ROBERT
O.
Medical doctor, medical research
scientist, and Nobel Nominee, noted
for his early-on efforts—particularly in the 1960s through the 1980s, in the
effects of EM fields on biological systems, studies of evoked or partially
evoked limb regeneration in certain species, electrical stimulation of bone
fractures to stimulate healing and reveal the mechanism involved, and the
cellular regeneration system of the body as opposed to the immune
system.
Becker particularly recognized that
the cellular regenerative system was a special electrical system having unique
functions. He even succeeded in
diagramming this system as far as it is revealed by ordinary U(1)
electrodynamics. Becker
demonstrated partial limb regeneration in salamanders, etc. and in some other
species, with electrical stimulation.
In his EM-stimulated bone fracture healing, Becker showed a startling
result: First the red blood cells
entering the fracture area shucked their hemoglobin and grew a nucleus, thus
"dedifferentiating" (biological term) or "time-reversing" (physics term) back to
an earlier state. Then this
modified cell redifferentiated (biological term) or "fast-forwarded in time"
(physics term) into the type of cell that makes cartilage. Then this newly modified cell further
redifferentiated into the type of cell that makes bone, and was deposited in the
fracture site. The continuing
deposits of these cells from the ongoing process evoked in red blood cells
healed the fracture with new bone growth.
Whereupon the action stopped.
Becker also was one of the first
qualified scientists who testified in court on the deleterious effects of power
line radiation. He thereby incurred
the enmity of very powerful interests, so that his research funds were pulled
and eventually he was forced to retire at an early
age.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize
multiple times, and his epochal work did finally focus at least some attention
of the medical research community on the regenerative system as opposed to the
immune system which heals nothing.
Becker's profound work was of
tremendous influence on me as I struggled to decipher the active mechanism in
his experiments, the Prioré team's experiments in France, the Russian microwave
radiation of U.S. Embassy personnel in Moscow, Kaznacheyev's experiments
demonstrating transmission of cellular disease and disorder electromagnetically
into target cells environmentally isolated except for contact by light from the
sender cells having such disease or disorder, and the body's own regenerative
system. After some 14 years
struggle with the problem, I finally did break the mechanism(s) involved in all
those things. But it was only
possible because of the magnificent work by Becker and Prioré, the reported work
by Kaznacheyev, and gradual exposure to higher symmetry electrodynamics. The work was crude at first, but
eventually progressed (by 1998, e.g.) to include the port-hole concept,
transduction of EM wave polarization types, the engine and engine template
concepts, and unified field theory.
Since then it has become clear that the proper electrodynamics to model
such things is the higher symmetry O(3) electrodynamics pioneered by Evans, and
now revealed to be an important subset of Sachs' unified field
theory.
Becker is therefore one of my heroes
whose magnificent work and long perseverance against strong scientific
suppression I greatly admire. Most
of Becker's detractors were or are in fact employed in positions either directly
or indirectly funded by the electrical power industry. I believe that, had Becker had access to
O(3) electrodynamics and Sachs' theory, he would have personally impelled the
entire medical field to a marvelous and extraordinarily advanced EM medical
therapy.
See Robert O. Becker and Andrew A. Marino, Electromagnetism and Life, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1982; Nice summary of EM bioeffects (orthodox) ; also on http://www.ortho.lsumc.edu/Faculty/Marino/Marino.html.
See also R. O. Becker, "The neural semiconduction control system and its interaction with applied electrical current and magnetic fields," Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Radiology, Vol. 105, 1966, p. 1753-1759, Excerpta Medica Foundation; Amsterdam; — "The direct current field: A primitive control and communication system related to growth processes," Proceed. XVI Internat. Congr. Zoology, Washington, D.C., Vol. 3, 1963, p. 179-183; — “The control system governing bone growth in response to mechanical stress,” J. Ark. Med. Soc., Vol. 62, 1966, p. 404; — "A technique for producing regenerative healing in humans," Frontier Perspectives, 1(2), Fall/Winter 1990, p. 1-2; — with Charles H. Bachman and Howard Friedman, The direct current system: A link between the environment and the organism," New York State Journal of Medicine, Vol. 62, April 15, 1962, p. 1169-1176; — and D. G. Murray, “A method for producing cellular dedifferentiation by means of very small electrical currents,” Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 29, 1967, p. 606-615; — and Joseph A. Spadaro, "Electrical stimulation of partial limb regeneration in mammals," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Second Series, 48(4), May 1972, p. 627-64; — and Carlton F. Hazlewood, Abraham R. Liboff, and Jan Walleczek, Electromagnetic Applications In Medicine," NIH-OAM Electromagnetics Panel Report, Jan. 15, 1993.
See particularly Robert O. Becker, "The significance of bioelectric potentials." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, Vol. 1, 1974, p. 187-199. This is probably the paper by Becker that provides a really good overview of the control system. A block diagram of the proposed system is given by Becker on p. 191.
Becker
also has authored several popular-oriented books filled with excellent
information. These include Robert
O. Becker, M.D. and Gary Selden, The
Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, William Morrow
and Co., New York, 1985; and Robert O. Becker, Cross Currents: The Perils of
Electropollution; The Promise of Electromedicine, Jeremy P. Tarcher, Los
Angeles, 1990.
BEDINI,
JOHN
Noted audio engineer, overunity
energy researcher, and inventor of the renowned Bedini amplifiers well-known to
audiophiles, the BASE process for holographic sound, and a process for cleaning
the harshness from digital audio disks.
Bedini has invented a variety of
COP>1.0 processes, motors, generators, etc. Particularly he has developed a process
whereby, in a battery-powered circuit, he adroitly back-pulses the battery in a
recharging direction while the battery is powering the load, causing a pile-up
of electrons on the surface of the battery plates that is a sharply increased
scalar potential opposing the onrushing very massive lead ions in the battery in
discharging mode. The result is
that the potential's electron pile-up increases dramatically due to the ions'
far greater inertia than that of the electrons. The result is a high potential (perhaps
40 volts) upon the surface of the battery, overpotentializing both the incoming
lead ions between the plates and the electrons in the external circuit in
powering mode. In this phase,
energy flows from the vacuum onto both the ions and the external circuit
electrons, adding significant energy to the powering of the external circuit for
the same ion current inside the battery.
As the ions slow and stop, Bedini's
back-pulse trailing edge causes a very sharp cutoff, thus invoking Lenz's law
and resulting in the surface potential on the plates increasing to well over 100
volts. This further
overpotentializes the external circuit electrons in powering mode, dissipating
much more energy in the external circuit to power the loads. As the ions finally stop and reverse,
their relatively sluggish re-acceleration in charging mode and their
overpotentialization still results in excess energy being delivered to the
external circuit. Then as the
overpotentialized ions accelerate in charging mode, the external circuit is
still in powering mode until the drain-off of the severe electron pile-up on the
surface of the battery plates.
This is one of several modes of
operation used by Bedini in his overunity battery powered circuits, which keep
their batteries recharged while powering their
loads.
By separating the other closed
current loop between external electron currents and the ion currents between the
battery plates, and then dephasing these currents, Bedini breaks the usual
dissipation symmetry enforced in a closed loop circuit where all charge carriers
have the same m/q ratio. In
Bedini's circuits, the m/q charge ratios dramatically differ between the ion
current section between the plates and the electron currents between the outside
of the plates and through the external circuit. Also, by providing a much greater
potential between the two circuit
halves, The potential extends in both directions—internally back over the ions,
and externally in the circuit over the external Drude electrons powering the
circuit loads and losses. He
provides a true negative resistor on the surface of the plates, which extracts
energy from the vacuum (via its broken 3-symmetry as a dipolarity) from the time
domain, transduces it into real EM energy, and overpotentializes (regauges) the
potential energy of both the internal ion currents and the external electron
currents.
The Bedini process is therefore a
legitimate COP>1.0 system, and in his self-powering embodiments the system
will run indefinitely without external energy input by the operator, use of
fuel, etc. He has converted the
system to an open system far from thermodynamic equilibrium in its violent
energy exchange with the active vacuum, and thus the system is permitted to
exhibit both COP>1.0 and self-powering as well.
For an expanded explanation of the
Bedini negative resistor process in batteries, see T. E. Bearden, "Bedini's
Method for Forming Negative Resistors in Batteries," Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer
2000, p. 24-38.
BEING
Pure
essence, existence.
Again,
something which in actuality resists Aristotelian definition unless preliminary
assumptions are made. Generally
used in one of two senses: (1) persistence, as in "he is (he continually
exists)," or (2) identity, as in "he is the man ('he' and 'the man' are the same
thing)."
BIDIRECTIONAL EM WAVES
EM waves running antiparallel to
each other through a given point or region of
space.
Suppose we run a normal EM wave into
a phase conjugating mirror (PCM) with a gain of 1. By ordinary phase conjugate
optics, the mirror then emits a backwards-traveling phase conjugate replica wave
(PCR wave). According to the so-called "distortion correction theorem," that
backwards traveling wave will travel backwards (as seen by the external
observer) back over the exact route taken by the previous wave, and it will
reappear in space precisely superposed spatially with the previous waves. If we
examine the impulse (density) fields (i.e., Edt), then the forward-time wave
contains Edt while the backward time wave contains E(-dt), which is just -Edt. So electromagnetically—as far as producing
a net translation force on a charge—the E-fields seem to cancel, although they
are still there and their energy is still there. Instead of translation, the two
produce stress.
One thus (simple case) will have a
strange kind of standing wave wherein the local energy density of the vacuum
varies (e.g., sinusoidally) as a function of distance, but a charged particle
placed in it will not be translated! Rigorously, that is a gravitational standing wave. Since
change in local energy density is also a curvature of spacetime, that is also a
standing sinusoidal wave of the local curvature of spacetime. This is where
electromagnetics and gravitation actually meet, and where electromagnetics can
be utilized to produce gravitational waves. (Much more complex waves can be
produced; this is just the simplest example).
BIDIRECTIONAL FIELD FLOWS
E-fields (and B-fields) being
propagated in a pair of opposite waves traveling "through" each other in
opposite directions,
...where the two may be "locked
together" as a wave and its antiwave; i.e., as a "Whittaker biwave pair". Note that Whittaker bidirectional EM
wavepairs are not to be confused with the pairing of the wave and reflection
wave on a transmission line.
BIDIRECTIONAL GATING
Gating (of energy flow, e.g.) in
both directions simultaneously.
BIDIRECTIONAL TRAVELING PLANE
WAVE
A wave and its antiwave, where
each wave is moving in an opposite direction (standard assumption in phase
conjugate physics).
In short, to the external observer
the waves seem to be "moving through" each other; one from left to right, and
the other from right to left; or one radially outward and the other radially
inward. All scalar potentials were shown by Stoney and Whittaker to be comprised
of a harmonic series of such "bidirectional traveling wave pairs." However, the interpretation of the phase
conjugate waves was after detection, so that the detected "effect" wave existed
in 3-space. Prior to detection, the
phase conjugate half-set of the Whittaker decomposition of the scalar potential
is convergent from and in the time domain (complex
plane).
BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
(BEM)
Presently, the scientific study of interactions between living organisms and electromagnetic fields, forces, energies, currents, and charges. The range of interactions studied ranges from atomic and molecular, through intracellular, to the whole organism.
Electromagnetic fields studied in BEM include those of endogenous origin (from within the organism) and exogenous origin (from outside the organism). Sources of exogenous fields include: the earth and sun, electrical equipment (power lines, radio transmitters, etc.), clinical treatment devices (e.g., TENS), and other organisms. The electromagnetic fields of greatest interest in BEM are generally classified as nonionizing (i.e., lacking sufficient energy to directly dislodge electrons from molecules or atoms.) BEM is a scientific discipline emerging on the boundaries between physics and biology. As in other sciences, progress in BEM is made by testing falsifiable hypotheses against valid measured data obtained in repeatable experiments.
Our
new viewpoint seeks to dramatically enlarge the scope of this definition, to
include not only the presently-recognized external (outfolded) electromagnetics,
but also the internal (infolded, inside the scalar EM potential)
electromagnetics, and also to utilize a unified field theory where EM is GR and
vice versa.
BIOENERGETICS
That branch of Russian (KGB)
energetics which is targeted against the living body, its cells and tissues, and
its EM fields and potentials (biofields and
biopotentials).
BIOGENESIS
Generation of living organisms
from other living organisms; also, the theory or philosophy that living
organisms develop only from other living
organisms.
BIOLOGICAL
WARFARE
Warfare against living humans,
livestock, crops, etc. using pathogenic micro-organisms or biocides to create diseases and
death, or using dimensioned electromagnetic potentials, fields, and waves to
kindle cellular damage, disease, and death in the same targeted
populations.
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE,
ELECTROMAGNETIC
The use of dimensioned
electromagnetic potentials, fields, and waves to induce cellular damage,
disease, and death in targeted living
populations.
The decades of Russian microwave
radiation of personnel in the former U.S. Embassy in Moscow is an example, where
only field-free potentials were dimensioned with the disease or health-change
patterns (the engines). This
science was developed in Russia as an outgrowth of the thousands of Kaznacheyev
experiments demonstrating that any cellular disease and damage pattern could be
induced from diseased or damaged
cells into environmentally isolated cell cultures, purely by specialized EM
radiation from the damaged or "transmitting" cells into the targeted
cells.
The Chinese also used such
dimensioned radiation to induce cancer in almost all GRU operatives stationed in
China at the time of the major disagreement between China and Russia. In his book, Stanislov
Lunev and Ira Winkler, Through the Eyes of the Enemy: Russia's Highest
Ranking Military Defector Reveals Why Russia Is More Dangerous Than Ever,
Regnery, Washington, D.C., 1998, p. 160, Lunev reveals it this way:"…I was not the only person who was
stationed in Beijing to come down with cancer… Almost all of the GRU officers
stationed in China with me have been diagnosed with cancer. People assigned to the embassy had told
me that they were picking up high levels of radiation from the apartment
building around the embassy compound.
Whether it was a form of high-tech monitoring or a conscious effort to
harm our health, it seems to have been successful. So much so that in 1992 the GRU was
asked to investigate the high rate of cancer among embassy officials. The findings, however, have never been
made public; in part, no doubt, because of the rapprochement between Russia and
China." In short, the Chinese
did exactly to the Russian GRU what the Russians were doing to the
Americans.
BIOPHOTON
A
quantum of angular momentum, each
containing "a piece of energy welded to a piece of time, with no seam in the
middle," emitted by biomolecules in living organisms. The difference between a biophoton and a
normal photon is that the "infolded EM structuring" (ST curvature engine sets)
carried by the biophoton carries the dynamics and templates of the living cell
or tissue or body emitting the radiation.
As presently known, biophoton emission is associated with processes such as mitosis (cell division) and with mechanisms such as soliton vibrations of DNA and other alpha-helix proteins [Popp et. al., 1984; Popp et. al., 1992]. An organism's biophoton field may represent a highly-structured innate organizing field capable of encoding or transmitting information over macroscopic distances.
Kaznacheyev, e.g., showed that almost any cellular disease or damage condition can be induced from the diseased control cells to separated and environmentally isolated target cells initially normal, if (1) the visible spectrum of radiation is blocked from the targeted cells, and (2) the two groups of cells are optically connected below and above the optical spectrum, in the infrared and in the ultraviolet.
The
new viewpoint seeks to dramatically extend the scope of this definition. Considering the wave aspects of the
photon frequency, the infolded oscillating EM energy in the photon may be
decomposed into two oscillating potentials [Whittaker, 1904]. In each of these potentials, there
exists a magnificent infolded structure [Whittaker, 1903] of internal
bidirectional EM wave pairs, to include the sum set [Whittaker] and the product
set [Ziolkowski]. Thus the photon
carries internal information, which is also referred to as the "information
content of the field." Since the
product set represents modulations, the basic infolded structure has signal
characteristics. Mind, thought, and
long term memory exist inside the personal quantum potential, which may further
be regarded as consisting of coupling and uncoupling photon/antiphoton
pairs—i.e., hidden gravitons. In
the new viewpoint, the biophoton is the carrier of biogravitons, and also
biograviton lattices. This
information forms vacuum engines which can cumulate over a period of time to
breach the quantum threshold and outfold, producing real change in cells, as
shown by the Kaznacheyev cytopathogenic mirror effect experiments.
BIOQUANTUM
POTENTIAL
A quantum potential connected to and of a living body, where the inner EM structuring and dynamics of the quantum potential are in correspondence with the inner EM structuring of the normal EM fields, potentials, and waves in the body, and also are in correspondence with the time-polarized EM structuring and dynamics of the mind and its operations.
The
biopotential provides the volition and intent exhibited by the biological body,
breaching the quantum threshold and producing direct psychokinetic change (by
the mind-body coupling mechanism) that is the "input signal" to the
servomechanisms of the body,. from the smallest to the largest. In this biopotential, the
Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski decomposition provides the information structure and
vacuum engines that are the mind, thought, long term memory, etc. A living biological system may be
defined as a physical system of otherwise inert matter (the body) and of mind,
coupled to each other through a bioquantum potential.
BLOCKING
In the charge-barrier
semiconductor functioning, stopping or partially stopping the flow of current in
a circuit, or between two points, without stopping the Poynting
S-flow.
In ordinary usage, "stopping the
progress of."
BOHM, DAVID
World renowned physicist and
originator of the hidden variable theory interpretation of quantum
mechanics. See
David J. Bohm, "A Suggested
Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of 'Hidden' Variables, I and II."
Physical Review, 85(2), Jan. 15, 1952, p. 166-179 (Part I); 180-193 (Part
II).
Together with his student Aharonov,
he co-authored a fundamental paper on the Aharonov-Bohm effect wherein
interfering electromagnetic potentials can produce effects on charged particle
systems, even at a distance and in the absence of the electromagnetic force
fields.
BOHM'S HIDDEN VARIABLE THEORY
(HVT)
A major interpretation of quantum
mechanics, formulated by David Bohm and published in Physical Review in
1952.
See David J. Bohm, "A Suggested
Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of 'Hidden' Variables, I and II,"
Physical Review, 85(2), Jan. 15,
1952, p. 166-179 (Part I); 180-193 (Part II). Bohm's theory makes all the
correct predictions and also eliminates many problems in quantum mechanics, such
as the "measurement problem" and the—now alarming—problem of the missing chaos
(i.e., the missing "hidden order.").
Ironically, the prevailing
Copenhagen interpretation of the QM theory predicts that the organized
macroscopic world does not exist, while Bohm's theory predicts it. [Question to
the sharp young graduate student: How can one defend a scientific model which
predicts that he himself does not exist? If one keeps one's sense of humor, it
would seem that this has to be the greatest scientific faux pas of all time!] It may be that
one unconscious reason that most physicists still oppose HVT is that it implies that physical reality can in fact
be deterministically engineered. Most physicists would seem to fervently
wish physical reality to stay "solid as a brick," with fixed "laws of nature,"
which can be leisurely discovered and then utilized comfortably, predictably,
and sanely. The advent of HVT (which is just a matter of time; for decades the
Russians have highly weaponized the HVT area!) dramatically alters our
perception of "fixed physical reality" into that of an "engineerable,
changeable" physical reality! I tentatively believe that the terrible
psychological implications of such a potential development is something that
most scientists do not wish to cope with—we simply do not have the Gestalt for
it. On the other hand, the Russian national psychology is such that they do have
the Gestalt for it. The Russian energetics—which I have long referred to loosely
as scalar electromagnetics—basically utilizes the infolded ordering inside the
potential to create "direct patterns of vacuum flux", hence vacuum engines. And it also utilizes the
quantum potential, including internally structuring the QP, to enable
instantaneous action-at-a-distance in multiple simultaneous locations and nodes,
with stupendous and automatic energy amplification.
By deterministically "patterning"
the internal structuring of the scalar potential, one can directly form such
vacuum engines. Whittaker showed in 1904 that any EM field pattern whatsoever
can be expressed as two scalar potentials, rather than the common f and A representation. This means that any
EM wave is simply the "interference" (between the hidden biwave structures) of
two scalar potentials, even at a distance. By properly structuring an EM signal
(i.e., structuring the two potentials into which it can be decomposed), the
resulting EM signal—appearing normal on the surface—nonetheless now transports
special vacuum engines deliberately designed to perform some particular internal
task in mass systems, electronic systems, or humans when it strikes a target at
a distance. I refer to this "internal structuring" of the
Stoney/Whittaker/Ziolkowski internal biwaves and their products, as dimensioning of the potential(s), and
hence of the EM carrier wave. The Russians call it the information content of the field; but
our own scientists tend to erroneously interpret that phrase as ordinary
spectral analysis. In other words, they erroneously continue to regard EM vacuum engines as if they were ordinary
EM signals.
BOHREN
EXPERIMENT
Revealing experiment by Bohren, replicated by Paul and
Fischer, which shows that a given charge when in particle resonance absorbs more
energy from a field or potential then the same charge does in "static"
position.
By conventional outlook, this provides a guaranteed
COP>1.0 process. Bohren
demonstrated absorbing 18 times more energy with the charge in particle
resonance than with the static charge.
This is a direct experiment proving the Heaviside dark energy component
of EM energy flow, whether in field form or in potential
form.
See Craig F. Bohren, "How can a particle absorb more than
the light incident on it"?", American
Journal of Physics, 51(4), Apr. 1983, p. 323-327. See independent confirmation of Bohren's
work by H. Paul and R. Fischer, ibid., p. 327. Other pertinent references are V. S.
Letokhov, "Laser Maxwell's Demon," Contemporary Physics, 36(4), 1995, p.
235-243; — "Generation of Light by a scattering medium with negative resonance
absorption," Soviet Physics JETP,
26(4), Apr. 1968, p. 835-839; — "Double Gamma and optical resonance," Physics Letters A, Vol. 43, 1973, p.
179-180; — "Stimulated emission of an ensemble of scattering particles with
negative absorption," ZhETF Plasma,
5(8), Apr. 15, 1967, p. 262-265.
Also see R. Pappalardo and A. Lempicki, "Brillouin and Rayleigh
Scattering in Aprotic Laser Solutions Containing Neodymium," Journal of Applied Physics, Apr. 1992,
p. 1699-1708
BRIDGE
A component or process which
passes EM energy between two isolated circuits, but does not pass dq/dt between
them, and which breaks the normal rigidly field-locked power dissipations in the
two circuits.
Space itself would appear to be one
such bridge.
BRIDGING FUNCTION
The function of passing EM energy
flow between two isolated circuits, but not passing dq/dt between them, while
simultaneously breaking any normal rigidly field-locked power dissipations in
the two circuits.
BROKEN
SYMMETRY
The fundamental meaning is a
condition in which two parts of some configuration or shape on opposite sides of
some divisor or condition or boundary, are not similar but
differ.
In vacuum energy physics, we are
very interested in the fact that any charge and any dipole represents a broken
symmetry in its fierce energy exchange with the vacuum. This implies that something virtual has
become observable; i.e., part of the virtual EM energy absorbed from the vacuum
by the charge or by the dipole is changed into observable form and re-emitted as
real, observable EM energy.
Any observable implies a broken
symmetry. Non-observables imply
symmetry, and vice versa. Each
symmetry also can be represented by a conservation rule or law. Physicists have uncovered many kinds of
symmetry in physics; and in the 1950s they also discovered broken
symmetry.
BROMWICH, THOMAS JOHN
l'ANSON
Brilliant English mathematician, 1875-1929, who made
significant contributions to the mathematics of electromagnetism—particularly to
superpotential theory—before his passion for overwork led to development of a
mental disorder and eventual suicide.
Bromwich originated a method for solving the source-free
Maxwell equations in 1899, publishing it in 1919. This approach formed the basis for his
seminal paper on scattering of plane EM waves by spheres. He did excellent original work on
infinite series and made contributions to quadratic and bilinear forms. He also placed Heaviside's operator
calculus on a rigorous basis by treating the operators as contour
integrals. Unfortunately Bromwich
worked so intensively, in such painstaking detail, and at such length that his
physical health was affected. He
developed a mental disorder and eventually ended his own life in
suicide.
For a summary of Bromwich's life and achievements, see
G. H. Hardy, "Thomas John Bromwich," J. London Math. Soc. 5 (1930), 209-220; — "Obituary of
Thomas John Bromwich," Proc. Roy. Soc.
London A 129 (1930), i - x. For an exposition of Bromwich's
equations-solving work, see J. D. Zund and J. M. Wilkes, "Bromwich's method for
solving the source-free Maxwell equations," Tensor (NS) 55 (2) (1994), 192-196.
BROWN, G.
SPENCER
Noted author and creator of the laws of form, a new form of logic that dramatically extends Aristotelian logic.
Essentially
Brown added complex numbers to logic, rather than just staying with simple
2-dimensional plane figures for postulate derivation. Electrical circuits— designed by Brown's
logic—do function and do work. When
computer software is designed by Brown's logic, it is then possible to
mathematically prove whether or not the end result possesses any defects
(bugs). In the future
software—particularly the larger systems—may well be designed by Brown's
logic. G. Spencer Brown, Laws of Form, Julian Press, New York,
1972. With a dramatic advance in logic itself, Brown has succeeded in
formulating a true calculus of form.
Note: There is now a second edition of the book.
BULK GRADIENT CHANGE
Simply a change in the amplitude
of the entire potential,
… (i.e., to every internal biwave
pair comprising it) at some point or in some region of space, as compared to
changing the amplitude of only one or a few of the internal biwave pairs of the
potential, without changing all the rest.
BYPASS RESISTOR
In electrical theory, a resistor
to pass current by (in parallel to) some other component.
If other effects such as use of the
overpotential, pumped phase conjugate reflection, quantum wells, quantum
tunneling, and charge blocking are added, the function of the bypass resistor
becomes extremely complicated.
CANCER
Conventional
definition: A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited
growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.
Growths
are further characterized by the type of tissue in which they occur, and their
actions. Of particular interest are
neoplasm, tumor, carcinoma, and sarcoma. Malignant disorders tend to produce
deterioration, infiltrate, metastasize, and terminate fatally. A neoplasm is simply any new growth of
tissue that serves no useful function.
A tumor is an abnormal mass of
tissue that (1) is not inflammatory, (2) arises from preexisting cells, and (3)
serves no useful purpose. A carcinoma
is a malignant tumor of epithelial
(covering membraneous tissue of a free surface) origin. A sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that
arises in mesodermal tissue
(connective tissue, bone, cartilage, or striated muscle) and that spreads by (1)
extension into neighboring tissue or (2) by way of the bloodstream, or (3) both.
New
definition of cancer: A
centrally-commanded, final, desperate, "first-step dedifferentiation" adaptive
attempt by stressed, affected cells experiencing sustained oxygen shortage
(hypoxia) to reverse their cellular evolution and return to the anaerobic stage
of their primeval cellular ancestry.
Thus a cancer cell is a severely stressed hypoxic cell that has been
"ordered" by the master cellular control system (MCCS) to
dedifferentiate back to a more primeval form in which it needed little or
no oxygen. It is the last desperate
attempt by the body to insure the affected cells' survival when all other means
available to the MCCS to provide the necessary oxygen have been exhausted and
have failed. The "order" differs
from normal signal theory in that it consists of a Stoney/Whittaker/Ziolkowski
template inside the personal quantum potential of the organism. Thus the "order" actually consists of a
vacuum engine, so that the spacetime in which the affected cell exists is
acted upon by structured, energetic hidden variable fingers to directly alter
it. The "signal order" is in fact a
set of hidden vector forces in spacetime itself, created directly in and on the
affected cell(s), in every part, in every atom. The cure for the cancerous cell, once
formed, is simply to cause the MCCS to generate the "counter-order" reversing
the original dedifferentiating action.
This can be readily accomplished by establishing hidden multifrequency
pump waves in the quantum potential on the cancerous cell, on all its parts, so
that they act as pumped phase conjugate mirrors. Since they already exist in the altered
"cancer" spacetime template/signal, the pumping causes a phase conjugate
replica of the precise cancer state to be created in and on the cell and its
parts. [In fact this is a general
therapeutic mechanism, and it can be applied to reverse almost any conceivable
cellular damage or disorder.] This
counter-order is a new and amplified vacuum engine that acts upon the cell to
redifferentiate it back to a normal cell.
If an abnormal number of cells results, the body's normal processes then
recognize the excess cells and destroys them.
CANCER
HOTSPOT
An area or locality or location where cancer recurs repeatedly, more than the normal deviation expected statistically. In such case, one is dealing with a hidden cause or carcinogen.
Human
systems exposed to such a hotspot experience cellular changes (hypoxia) which
eventually result in the master cellular control system (MCCS) issuing a
dedifferentiation order to the affected cells to regress back to a primeval
anaerobic form. The first step is
dissociation from central (MCCS) control of cellular growth, resulting in a cell
that now grows and divides unrestrained by the normal body. The real question in the hotspot is,
"What is the unknown agent inducing the hypoxia condition, and what is the
mechanism by means of which it induces it?" Epidemology will point out a hotspot,
but is usually incapable of resolving the primary causative agent or its active
mechanism since it can only show correlation.
CAPACITOR
AS A TRANSMISSION LINE
A
capacitor can be theoretically treated as a special type of transmission line, a
fact which is apparently known to transmission line theorists but not to many
engineers and physicists not specializing in transmission lines.
CARCINOGEN
A
substance or agent (such as a chemical or a spacetime curvature engine) capable
of inducing a cancer.
In
the new theory, the primary carcinogen is an actual order (a vacuum
engine) issued by the master cellular control system (MCCS), reverting
(dedifferentiating) the affected cell to a primal anaerobic form. Usually what are normally regarded as
carcinogens are also causes of cellular conditions wherein the cell becomes very
hypoxic, so much so that the MCCS exhausts all other alternative corrective
means and as a last desperate measure orders the cell to change to a form that
requires little or no oxygen. The
"exhausting of other measures" may be very rapid, as when the cell has been
affected and damaged by powerful carcinogens, or it may require decades to
occur, as when the cell is subjected to long-term mild hypoxia, such as from
electromagnetic smog.
CARRIER
WAVE
A
fundamental wave which is modulated by another wave or other waves, and hence
"carries" the other waveform(s). By
stripping off the carrier in a demodulator, the carried waveform(s)
emerges.
Hence
it is a continuous frequency wave which can be modulated by an
information-bearing signal.
CASIMIR
EFFECT
The attraction of two conducting
parallel plates in space, placed very close together, due to their influence on
the active vacuum and on the vacuum's interaction with the
plates.
CASIMIR, HENDRIK BRUGT GERHARD
(1909-2000)
Noted scientist who in 1948
predicted that two parallel conducting plates, placed very near each other in a
vacuum, would experience an attractive force due to their influence on the
electromagnetic vacuum.
See H. B. G.
Casimir, “On the attraction between two perfectly conducting plates,” presented
at a meeting of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences on 29 May,
1948. Published in the same year in
Proceeding. Koninklijke Nederlandse
Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, vol. 51(7), 1948, p.
793-796. For a beautiful modern
experiment confirming the force, see S.K. Lamoreaux, “Demonstration of the
Casimir Force in the 0.6 to 6mm
range,” Physical Review Letters,
78(1), Jan. 6, 1997, p. 5-8.
The force was experimentally
detected some 10 years later.
CAUSAL
SYSTEM ROBOTS (CSRs)
Massless 4-space "engine" systems (therefore in the causal
domain only, hence the name) formed of longitudinal EM waves and their dynamics,
which are therefore sets of spacetime curvatures and their deterministic
dynamics (engines) which function as individual
robots.
This is a totally new kind of system leading to a totally
new kind of warfare, developed over some decades and deployed by the KGB in
1999.
Matter is composed mostly of empty space filled with EM
waves, fields, and potentials.
Those "fillers" themselves are just bundles of longitudinal EM waves and
their impressed dynamics. Hence all
matter, the vacuum, and all conventional EM potentials, fields, and waves—being
filled with vast sets of longitudinal EM waves—are vast superhighways for
longitudinal EM waves to travel on or in.
The CSRs, being totally LW and LW dynamics in nature, thus are free to
travel right through EM radiations from power lines, phone lines, TV stations,
radio stations, etc. They easily
penetrate any matter, including right through a mountain. Any function of a normal EM system can
be performed—at least in theory—by such robots. This includes longitudinal EM wave
interferometry, which forms external EM fields and waves, of whatever pattern or
form desired. Further, these CSRs
are actual functioning systems, and if communications functions are designed in,
one can communicate with them at a distance, using longitudinal EM wave
communication, right through the intervening earth and ocean,
etc.
For some time, extensive underground
facilities—hundreds—have been building in the former Soviet Union, and this
massive buildup continued unabated after the Russian economy collapsed and the
Berlin Wall came down. This
tremendous expenditure, when the Russian economy was crippled, shows the
strategic significance of these facilities. Further, apparently our satellites have
not seen any missiles, normal weapons or munitions, etc. associated with that
vast complex. In short, it is
suspected that we don't have the foggiest notion of what it is. Indeed, those facilities will already
have sent some CSRs into those very satellites, to insure that we do not find
out what is going on, and perhaps to "spy on the spy
satellites".
We think these terribly important facilities are the
KGB-controlled facilities for developing and producing the CSRs, and contain a
vast longitudinal EM wave command and control set of facilities as well. In short, this is the strategic arsenal,
development, and control for building sets of various type CSRs in huge
numbers—a vast new army of robots with unprecedented capabilities, under the
command and control of a human "strategic force" operations command of very
large size.
Developing and debugging one CSR would be a formidable and
lengthy task. Once a single one is
developed, making a million copies is simple. Just take a normal CD-ROM, e.g., and
record something on it. Send in a
working CSR robot to "reside inside" the infolded EM interior of the recorded
informational electromagnetic pattern on the CD-ROM. Then simply copy that CE-ROM
magnetically, as many times as is desired.
Each copy contains a copy of the original signal that was recorded,
including the exact infolded electromagnetic structuring inside that
signal. Voila! One has as many new duplicate CSRs of
that exact type, as one wishes, for a few pennies each.
One can see the implications. In all those underground facilities,
there are many development laboratories, production laboratories, and command
and control facilities and "storage facilities" for the robots. Those hundreds of facilities are in fact
a great new strategic weapon system and all its development labs and production
facilities, as well as its tactical control and command and control systems, its
"troops", its "equipment", and its commanders and
operators.
Well, then one can deploy and "utilize" such a strategic
armada just as one would use any other great strategic army. One "deploys" one's forces against the
enemy. In this case, one just sends
the armada (individually controlled!) right through the "LW superhighways" of
matter itself, right into the strategic territory and very heart of the targeted
nation. One deploys the robots
everywhere—e.g., inside the electronics in nuclear warheads, inside the control
systems for the nuclear submarines and nuclear bombers, inside the satellites,
inside the fighter aircraft electronics, inside the fighting ships, inside the
main battle tanks and major weapons carriers, inside the signals on the hard
drives of computers, etc. One sends
them right through the "inside" of the targeted nation's power grid electrical
energy signals, through the TV stations' emitted signals, etc. The Pentagon and Cheyenne Mountain are
duck soup, as is the stock exchange and other civilian systems vital to
continued functioning of the infrastructure. So is everywhere else, even the deepest
vault and "special security" facility.
In short, the vast electronic command and control
activities of an otherwise "modern" superpower provide great, convenient, easy
superhighways for full strategic deployment to be completed by millions of
weapons systems (CSRs) into everything of value in the targeted nation or
nations. This completely solves the
usual weapons delivery problem; delivery is made in advance of
D-Day.
Such a vast CSR armada was deployed throughout the Western
world, and particularly in the United States, just before the end of 1999. Yes, this was to be the KGB's great
millennium gift to America—a really enormous Y2K problem that would stun and
disable the entire nation, its armed forces, its electronic systems in its major
weapons, and its command and control centers in one great TOT (time on target)
assault. The major electrical power
systems of the nation would have been disabled, as would have been the major
communications systems. Using LW
interferometry, the robots would have wreaked havoc on the nation. They would have disabled the electronics
of every major C4I computer of importance, every major fighter aircraft, every
major fighting ship, every nuclear submarine, every ICBM, every nuclear
powerplant, etc. The attacking
force was in its deployment and employment sites in the targets themselves. Everything was in place and cocked and
ready to fire. To test whether we
knew what was going on, the KGB even had one or more robots temporarily produce
hacker-type operations and signals "emerging" in some U.S. command and control
center computers, and deliberately let our fellows discover this "hacker attack"
was coming from the Russian Academy of Science. Then the CSR simply stopped its LW
interferometry, which caused the "normal hacker electronic" signals to just
vanish and never reappear. Little
wonder that our counter-type fellows were totally unable to find any trace of
it, or where it was residing. They
have no technology for such.
Well, happily those early-model CSRs are easy to root out
and destroy, if one has quite advanced LW technology. Visualize these beasts as existing in a
special sort of "internal sky" or "infolded atmosphere" inside matter. Strategic range LW "radars" can just
sweep through this "internal atmosphere" inside matter, etc., detecting and
tracking those CSR beasts analogous to how normal radar detects and tracks
aircraft. The difference is that
the strategic LW can also use a bit of LWI pulse to instantly snap those CSRs
like popping bugs, completely jamming their operations or even "erasing" them
once their characteristics are observed.
That very new kind of vast strategic warfare occurred right
at the end of 1999, all through the United States—the Pentagon, our strategic
weapon systems, the works. The
friendly little nation rooted out and destroyed all those "on site" CSRs just
prior to the attack being launched.
A full-up strategic war, of previously unknown kind, was
fought all over the U.S. and our own system guys apparently didn't know it. It didn't even surface. Didn't make a
whimper.
That hostile CSR armada consisted of first generation systems. These systems did not have defensive
countermeasures. The systems were
depending on total surprise, but were found out (that is another story that
would make a great movie if one could live to film it) and then were destroyed
in short order.
CSR development has ushered in a totally new kind of
strategic, operational, and tactical warfare. The delivery of all the weapon systems
"into the target" is accomplished long before the advent of hostilities. The second generation CSRs, once built,
will be even more sophisticated.
These will almost certainly be on line soon. They will likely also possess
countermeasures.
An eerie new chapter in the annals of warfare has been
initiated, and the world will never be the same again. Once the CSRs have sufficient defensive
countermeasures such as stealth means and coordination with countering, rapid
response LWIs to target and destroy the hostile "LW radars" seeking them, etc.,
the next world-wide strategic CSR war will be neither so simple nor so
bloodless.
NOTE: Contrast this CSR discussion to the discussion of nanotechnology and nanobots. Just as nanobots are natural
developments which teams skilled in nanotechnology would produce, so CSRs are
natural developments which teams skilled in longitudinal EM wave technology—and
in the "infolded" electrodynamics inside all EM fields, potentials, and
waves—would produce. For decades
(since the 1950s) the KGB has been developing and using longitudinal EM wave
interferometers (LWIs) which beam right through the "inner highways" inside the
fields and waves inside matter, thus allowing very large LWIs which beam right
through the intervening earth and ocean, and can "focus" under the ocean or
within the earth as well as out of it.
With such background, the CSRs were just as natural a development for
them as the nanobots are for conventional Western nanotechnology scientists.
CAUSALITY
The
relationship between "cause" and "effect".
The basic notion in a causal system is that the system's response to an
input signal is not dependent upon future input values.
Thus
the notion of causality involves a precise time ordering of ordinary inert
interactions, where the cause was never input from a future time. Macroscopic (observable) causality may
be and is violated by the interaction of hidden subquantal (virtual state)
variables.
CEREBRAL
HEMISPHERE
Each
half of the cerebrum, i.e., each half of the enlarged anterior or upper part of
the vertebrate brain.
The
two cerebral hemispheres may function as a longitudinal EM wave interferometer
or a time-polarized (scalar) EM interferometer to sense distant scenes (even
distant in time), or produce EM energy and signals at a distance, since the
body, brain, and nervous system does produce longitudinal EM waves and scalar EM
waves. For proof of scalar EM wave
interferometry in O(3) electrodynamics, see M.W. Evans, P.K. Anastasovski, T.E.
Bearden et al., "On Whittaker's Representation of the Electromagnetic Entity in
Vacuo, Part V: The Production of Transverse Fields and Energy by Scalar
Interferometry," Journal of New
Energy, 4(3), Special Issue, Winter 1999, p. 76-78.
CHANGING THE
PAST
Every
intentional inception upon ordinary inert causality prior to collapse of the
wave function represents a slight alteration or change in direction, departing
minutely from pure causality. From
a causal viewpoint, each human inception minutely changes the causal past, as
well as the future.
Experimental
proof that the causal past can be changed is provided by the delayed choice
two-slit experiment. E.g., see C.W.
Rietdijk, "Another proof that the future can influence the present." Foundations of Physics, 11(9/10), 1981,
p. 783-790. Particularly see
Wheeler, John Archibald Wheeler, "The 'past' and the 'delayed-choice'
double-slit experiment," in A.R. Marlow [Ed], Mathematical Foundations of Quantum
Theory, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 2-4, 1977; Academic
Press, New York, 1978, p. 9-48.
CHAOS
In dissipative dynamical systems,
the dynamical evolution that is aperiodic and highly dependent upon initial
conditions of the system.
The trajectories of the system move
on a strange attractor, which is a fractal subspace of the phase
space.
The term suggests the ordinary
meaning of random and unpredictable disorder, but there exists intrinsic
determinism and at least partial embedded ordering. The mathematical equations describing
chaotic behavior are very nonlinear and so complex that at the present time they
cannot be computed or predicted.
Even simple systems, including simple electromagnetic systems, can
exhibit unpredictable chaotic behavior.
The science of chaotic dynamics is still in its infancy, having begun
moving once the modern computers became economical and
pervasive.
CHARGE, ELECTRICAL (Q)
Electrical charge q is defined as
q º mqfq, to first
order.
As can be seen, the actual "charge"
action associated with the mass is due totally to fq, and to the
broken symmetry of fq in the vacuum
flux exchange with mq.
The charge q can be further broken down into a set of composite dipoles
if the gathering of a virtual charge screen in the vacuum, surrounding the mass
of the "bare charge" inside the gathering, is included. At first order,
fq can be expressed
(particle view) as a change in the local vacuum virtual photon flux (VPF), due
to the VPF exchange between vacuum and mq. The fq component is
actually the "electrical charge" and massless of
itself.
However, see my paper, "Giant
Negentropy of the Common Dipole," Journal of New Energy, 5(1) Summer
2000, p. 11-23. We include the
isolated charge by treating it as a system of multiple composite dipoles. We also explain the previously
unrecognized 4-symmetry EM energy flow ongoing, where incoming longitudinal EM
waves are being received, transduced into real longitudinal EM waves in 3-space,
with the latter being emitted in all directions in
3-space.
A charged particle of mass is thus a
little energy flow generator. It is a broken 3-symmetry in the local VPF, and
therefore has an "observable" energy flow output, extracted and gated from the
asymmetry in the VPF. This "observable" energy flow outputs the well-known
energy flow S in classical EM,
though CEM does not recognize or include this vacuum interaction, the broken
3-symmetry of the dipole, and the steady input of EM energy to the dipole in the
form of EM energy from the time domain (complex plane).
Instead, classical EM just assumes
that the "charge" q is the source of a potential. When originally formed as a
concept, q was just a "quantity of electric fluid," like a "cubic centimeter of
fluid," etc. The atom and the electron had not yet been
discovered.
CHARGE CARRIERS
Anything—usually fundamental
particles, ions, etc.—which consists of or contains charges and can
move.
It can be an electron, a collection
of electrons fixed in a moving dielectric, ions, atoms, molecules,
etc.
The moving charge (i.e., the current
dq/dt) with an energy flow streaming onto it and on beyond, carries its
interaction with that energy-flow right along with it in the current
i =
dq/dt. This is what the charge's "excess collected energy" consists of, and this
is how the collected/collecting
energy in the circuit is transported to the collected-energy dissipation sites
(loads and losses).
CHARGE,
GRAVITATIONAL
To be
added
CHARGE,
MAGNETIC
Essentially, the magnetic scalar potential,
or monopole.
In an uncurved spacetime, the magnetic
charge must always occur in dipolar pairs, where each is equal and opposite the
other. In a curved spacetime, a
free net monopolar magnetic charge
may and does exist. In classical
electrodynamics, the assumption of a locally flat spacetime is ubiquitous though
not prominently emphasized. Hence
most electrical engineers are unaware that monopoles can indeed be made, but
only if one uses a process to curve local spacetime.
CHARGE-PARITY-TIME (CPT)
THEOREM
The theorem states that
all known quantum field theories obey CPT symmetry.
C is charge conjugation,
which changes the quantum number of every particle into its antiparticle. P is the reflection operation known as
parity which turn an object into
its mirror image and rotates it 180 degrees about an axis perpendicular to the
mirror, T is time reversal. Any
violation of time-reversal symmetry is always accompanied by a violation of CP
symmetry and vice versa.
Electrodynamics and the
strong interaction preserve CP symmetry to great accuracy. Weak interactions do not conserve CP
symmetry. T symmetry violation has
been shown at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory in Geneva,
Switzerland.
CHARGE TRAPPING (Also
"Pinning")
Holding charges "pinned" or
"trapped" by a barrier or force, so that they do not flow as
i =
dq/dt.
CHARGE-BARRIER
A process or component or
function—particularly in a semiconductor such as the Fogal semiconductor—which
blocks the movement of charges q as current dq/dt.
CHARGE-BLOCKING ASYMMETRIC QUANTUM
WELLS
A quantum well which has more
charge-blocking action in one direction than the other, and is thus "asymmetric"
in its function.
It may also be dynamic, so that it
changes in its degree (and/or its direction) of action as a function of
time.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTAL
ELECTRODYNAMICS
Classical EM (CEM) theory is
simply classical electrodynamics (CED).
Classical EM does not break the
fields into "quanta" (a quantum is a standard-sized piece of action (angular
momentum)]. Instead, CEM considers the fields as continuously varying in
magnitude from zero to infinite magnitude (at least in
theory).
Quantal Electrodynamics is known as
quantum electrodynamics (QED). These are standard terms for standard
disciplines. QED considers the
fields to be composed of quanta called "photons". Hence there is an underlying region
called the "virtual state" whose denizens are "smaller in magnitude" than the
quantum. Heisenberg uncertainty
applies, since the quantum of action is not quantized energy, but quantized
(energy x time). In short, it is a
function of both the magnitude of the energy and its duration of
persistence. Hence a field or
photon of any amount of energy may form temporarily, so long as it does not
endure sufficiently long in observer time to reach quantum size and breach the
quantum threshold.
In this view, then, "empty space" is
not empty at all, but is a seething cauldron of these "energetic bubbles"
continually appearing and disappearing, with the entire spectrum of frequencies
and energies. This is in fact the
"new ether". If we consider only
the field portion of the bubbling virtual photons appearing and disappearing,
this leads to a vacuum that consists of EM field fluctuations, again of
essentially the entire frequency spectrum and energy
spectrum.
However, how we attempt to tie
either of these "energetic vacuum" EM views to general relativity (GR) is then a
problem. The cause of the problem,
however, is largely ignored in physics.
In CED, e.g., one models EM energy moving through a flat space. This is a non sequitur, since the
presence of any change of the energy density of space a priori is a curvature of
spacetime. Hence rigorously EM
energy can only propagate through a curved spacetime. Indeed, when this correction is made,
the EM wave becomes an oscillating curvature of spacetime. This is the approach worked out by
Mendel Sachs, extending Einstein's work.
The higher symmetry O(3) electrodynamics spearheaded by Evans turns out
to be an important subset of Sach's umbrella unified field theory. Hence EM has become GR, and for the
first time in history, O(3) electrodynamics provides the approach that will
allow direct engineering of general relativity on the lab bench, in working
devices, etc.
CLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETICS
(CEM)
"Ordinary" electromagnetics, of
the kind used in ordinary EM circuits, which fundamentally consists of the
modified Maxwell's equations.
Classical EM consists of Maxwell's
equations and the various changes and additions that have since been made. CEM does not break the fields into
"quanta" (a quantum is a standard-sized piece of action (angular momentum)].
Instead, CEM considers the fields as continuously varying in magnitude from zero
to infinite magnitude (at least in theory).
Primarily refers to Maxwellian
electrodynamics as reinterpreted by Heaviside, Gibbs, Hertz, and a few
others. Unfortunately these
reinterpretations of Maxwell's theory also greatly reduced its topology, and
therefore reduced the area of natural electrodynamic phenomena that the
resulting equations describe.
Significantly more advanced
"classical" electrodynamics emerges when one goes back to the quaternion algebra
electrodynamics of Maxwell, or to the more advanced Clifford algebra
electrodynamics. The higher
symmetry electrodynamics models such as O(3) symmetry EM developed by Evans and
others, are capable of modeling a great deal more physical phenomena than the
very limited standard U(1) electrodynamics largely in vogue in science.
CLASSICAL EM THEORY
Classical electrodynamics theory,
begun by Maxwell, with his seminal paper orally presented in 1864 and published
in 1865.
Essentially Maxwell's
electrodynamics at root basis, with the background supporting classical
theory. Today many variations have
been made, particularly with the basic symmetry of the theoretical
equations. See discussion above
under classical
electromagnetics.
CLIFFORD
ALGEBRA
A special higher topology algebra
founded by Clifford, which includes as subsets many other algebras of lower
topology.
CLOSED SYSTEM
A system that does not
communicate with its environment, and does not exchange energy or matter between
system and environment.
An ideal model where dynamically and
energetically the system is considered to be "isolated" as if nothing else
existed. In short, consider the
system as if it were in some "magic box" and nothing outside the box can ever
enter the box or affect the system inside the box, and nothing in the system can
ever leave the box or affect anything outside the
box.
One performs a non sequitur whenever
proclaiming treatment of a system as a "closed system", and of course good
scientists are aware of this. This is particularly true in electrical power
systems. Here one is indeed allowed
to input energy into the system to excite or potentialize it. That of course assumes that the system
was "opened" long enough to take on excess energy! Then as the system operates, losses and
dissipations occur, in which case energy is considered to "escape" from the
system permanently. In other words,
the system was also continually "opened" so that energy could
escape.
There is really no such thing as a
truely closed system in the universe,
since every system is embedded in the active vacuum and is an open system in an
energy exchange with the vacuum. If
that exchange is symmetrical, then the system is in equilibrium with respect to
the vacuum exchange. In that case,
the system may be treated as if it were a closed system for a limited number of
purposes. In classical
electrodynamics (CED), the Lorentz regauging of the Maxwell-Heaviside equations
further reduced them to describe only Maxwellian systems in such equilibrium
with the active environment.
Consequently, the interaction between the external vacuum and the system
is not included in the CED model.
Obviously a broken equilibrium
in that actual physical interaction is also not included in the CED
model.
An electrical power system is
already permitted to violate the Lorentz condition when it
(1) receives
additional EM energy to "energize" or "potentialize" or "excite" or "regauge"
it, and (2) whenever energy escapes from the system in the loads and losses
(which escapes of energy are "de-energizing", "depotentializing", "dissipating",
or "regauging" actions.
Hence the Lorentz condition greatly
simplifies the Maxwell-Heaviside equations and makes them much easier to
solve. However, when enforced by the system itself with
regard to the system's excitation and de-excitation (dissipation)
functions—i.e., when those functions
are "symmetrical" (equal and opposite)—it also arbitrarily discards all
those Maxwellian systems capable of the five "magical" functions of an open
disequilibrium system: (1)
self-ordering, (2) self-oscillation or self-rotation, (3) output of more energy
than the operator inputs (the excess energy is input by the active environment,
(4) powering itself and its load (all the energy is input by the active
environment, and (5) exhibiting negentropy.
It follows, however, that physical
electrical power systems must therefore have some feature which self-imposes the
Lorentz condition, at least during the phase when the system's excitation energy
is discharged in the loads and losses.
The standard closed current loop system, where every electron progressing
through the external circuit's loads and losses must be forcibly rammed back up
through the source dipole in the power source, is indeed what enforces the
Lorentz condition with respect to excitation and dissipation, and arbitrarily prevents the system from
achieving COP>1.0.
In a battery-powered system, the
otherwise closed current loop is broken into two quite different circuits: (1)
the electron current circuit between the outer surface of the plates and the
external loads and losses, and (2) the ion current in the electrolyte between
the inner surface of the plates.
Since the ions (e.g., in a lead-acid battery) in the "inner" ion current
may have a m/q ratio very much greater than that of the electrons in the "outer"
electron current, clever timing of pulsed signals to the plates may be used to
form a phase difference—including even a phase angle of 180°—between the two currents. It can be shown that this forms a high
potential on the plates which acts as a negative resistor, extracting EM energy
from the vacuum and recharging the battery while simultaneously powering the
external circuit. This is the
Bedini process, and with Bedini's permission an explanation of that process has
been published by Bearden
["Bedini's Method For Forming Negative Resistors In
Batteries," Journal of New Energy,
5(1), Summer 2000, p. 24-38.] Note
that Bedini's process in fact repeatedly removes the Lorentz regauging
condition, and therefore the system is rigorously permitted to achieve not only
COP>1.0 but also self-powering of itself and its loads and losses.
COLD
EXPLOSION
The
sudden extraction of EM heat energy from a distant intersection zone (IZ) of the
crossing beams of a scalar potential interferometer, which transmits in the
sharply pulsed mode, while the electrical grounding of the transmitters are
negatively biased with respect to the potential in the distant IZ.
COLD
FUSION
An ad hoc term applied to the
transmutations at low energy achieved in electrolyte experiments, particularly
when using specially prepared palladium electrodes, and particularly when
deuterium is present in the electrolyte.
COMPOSITE
DIPOLE
Dipole formed as one part of an
isolated, observable "charged particle", consisting of a differential element of
that observable charge on one end and a momentary clustering virtual charge of
opposite sign.
In quantum electrodynamics, it is
well-known that virtual charges of opposite signs cluster in the immediate
vacuum around any "isolated" observable charge. By applying the composite dipole
concept, this author was able to treat the isolated charge as a set of composite
dipoles. By then applying
Whittaker's decomposition of the scalar potential between the ends of each of
these composite dipoles, the "source charge" was a set of broken 3-symmetries in
the vacuum flux, and thus a set of 4-symmetries in that flux exchange. This meant that the EM energy
continuously output in all directions by the source charge was actually
continuously received by the source charge (as a set of composite dipoles) from
the time-domain, and 4-conservation of EM energy flow rigorously was
upheld.
This allowed a solution to what has
been called the most formidable problem in both classical and quantum
electrodynamics: the problem of the association of the source charge and its
associated fields and potentials along with the energy contained by them and
continuously pouring from the charge without any 3-space energy
input.
CONCOMITANT
Occurring or existing
together.
CONGLOMERATE HIERARCHY OF THE
PHOTONS
Every photon remains perfectly
ordered! A conglomerate (group) of photons, however, may be arranged in almost
an infinite variety of orderings, groupings, directions, etc.—which we refer to
as templates and as hierarchies (group orderings) of photons.
In a pure energy flow (energy
transport), the "herd" of photons is organized along the flow direction.
Regardless of how one scatters or "disorders" this patterning of the "herd" or
"hierarchical ordering" of photons, not one single bit of the underlying energy
and individual photon ordering is lost. So when one "uses" energy (e.g.,
scatters the hierarchical ordering of a photon herd from a resistor as heat),
one does not lose any energy at all, but simply has "scrambled" the hierarchical
ordering of the photons into a new herd configuration (which may be varying
every which way!). The point here is the real meaning of the fundamental
conservation of energy law: Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed!
When we "use" one joule of energy to
perform one joule of work (say, in a single-pass, scattering), we still have
exactly that one joule of energy left, but just in different form (different
direction, type, collection or not collected, etc.) It can still do another single pass
joule of work, then another, then another, and so on. If we plan things right,
we can use a single joule of work to perform many joules of work, contrary to
what we were so strongly taught in the "single-pass, single collection, single
dissipation" examples given to us in university as the "law" of God and
electrodynamics.
Note that the conventional
work-energy theorem assumes single pass, single collection, and single
dissipation of a joule of energy to perform a single joule of work. The point
is, that is not a limitation of nature,
but a limitation of a single process! Nature regularly uses a joule of energy to
do multiple joules of work, because after one dissipates or scatters the energy
the first time, it's still there and later will be intercepted to do some more
work.
Anti-Stokes emission, the Patterson
Power Cell, Lawandy's lasing without population inversion, and some gas-filled
tubes with anti-Stokes emission are examples of known, validated overunity
processes (processes with coefficient of performance greater than unity). These
all use multipass, multicollection, multi-dissipation in iterated manner, to
increase dipole asymmetry and therefore produce excess extraction of energy from
the vacuum. Patterson's unit, e.g., has been independently measured by
universities at efficiencies of some 1200 or so. This absolutely does not
violate the laws of physics nor the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of open
systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
CONSCIOUS
MIND
The serial processing mind which
we normally associate erroneously as ourself. Other to be
added.
Mind is time-like, not
space-like.
CONSCIOUS MIND (PSYCHOENERGETICS
VIEW)
The serial-processing mind which
one normally associates erroneously as oneself.
Mind is time-like, not space-like. Hence it is not directly observable, a
priori, since all observation is 3-spatial. However, if we consider that changes in
3-space produce spacetime curvatures and thereby also produce slight changes in
the time domain, then iterative coherent spatial changes eventually will produce
a change in the time-domain.
Consequently, the time-like mind will have a continuing stream of such
small but processable time-energy changes from coherent 3-spatial phenomena in
its body and the macroscopic (coherent) universe. To sense the 3-space body as "self"
while simultaneously sensing other 3-space physical changes as "non-self", the
conscious mind must compare the various received time-like projection signals
against its "time-like orders" issued.
That set of received time-signals that matches or closely matches the
conscious mind's issued order signals, thus yields the sense of the body
behavioral changes as (1) self, and (2) body responses to its orders. The time delay between issuance of the
mind's orders and the receipt of the correlated time-like responses from its
body, provides the sense of self-persistence or independent
being.
The mind couples to the body via a
similar spacetime curvature mechanism.
When the mind issues "orders", they are in the time-like realm but are
changes, hence small spacetime curvatures.
They therefore involve very small 3-spatial changes (projections) into
the 3-space body. Since the mind
orders are coherent, this small iterative set of 3-space changes will integrate
coherently, yielding real quantum changes in the body and nervous system (e.g.,
the brain).
This coupling mechanism is
profound. The steady stream of
integrated time-like projections arising in the mind due to the physical world
outside one's body, does not compare or match the mind's memory of its
orders. Hence that allows the
sensing of the "external world" as "nonself". The sense of that external world as
"existing" or "being" is provided by the time delay in the comparison process,
from "mind signals issued" to "physical signals received". The metric yardstick standard for this
comparison time, so to speak, is provided by the time in the identified
"self-loop" with the physical body.
In other words, the mind uses that length of time to differentiate those
time signals which coherently integrate but do not match its issued order
signals, from those time-signals which coherently integrate in the same time
loop interval and do match its issued ordered
signals.
In this manner, we resolve all the
great previously unresolved philosophical questions of the nature of
consciousness, nation of being, nature of self, nature of nonself, perception of
the physical world, perception of body as self, perception of other bodies as
non-self, etc. At least we resolve
these issues from a testable physics approach, so that we can see that now a
unified physics (and a technology) of mind and matter is at last in view. Since O(3) electrodynamics has been
shown to be an important subset of Sachs' unified field theory, then O(3)
electrodynamics—or SU(2)´SU(2), which is homomorphic with O(3)—can be used to
develop the direct engineering of mind, the mind-matter interaction, and mind
functions of the living biological system.
It is my considered opinion (with
much evidence) that the Russian branch of energetics, known as psychoenergetics, uses a unified
field theory and a higher symmetry electrodynamics to achieve that type of
direct engineering already, but for weapons use rather than beneficial use for
humanity.
As examples, we strongly suggest
that the deaths of U.S. Captains Button, Svoboda, and Hess all involved KGB
testing of long-range strategic psychoenergetics weapons over the United States,
on those targeted personnel. This
should not be surprising at all; the KGB has tested longitudinal EM wave
interferometer weapons over the U.S. since 1967, and continues to do so
today. They tested bioenergetics EM
weapons against U.S. Embassy personnel in Moscow for several decades. Kills of U.S. aircraft and missiles have
been performed at various times, including kill of the Arrow DC-8 at Gander,
Newfoundland in Dec. 1985, kill of a Titan ICBM fired from Vandenberg AFB in the
spring of 1986, kill of the U.S. space shuttle Challenger in the spring of 1986,
continuing weather engineering over the U.S. and elsewhere,
etc.
That novel electromagnetic weapons
have indeed been developed and are being tested world-wide, was confirmed by
Defense Secretary Cohen in 1997 as follows:
"Others [terrorists] are engaging even in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves… So there are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in which they can wreak terror upon other nations…It's real, and that's the reason why we have to intensify our [counterterrorism] efforts." [Secretary of Defense William Cohen at an April 1997 counterterrorism conference sponsored by former Senator Sam Nunn. Quoted from DoD News Briefing, Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen, Q&A at the Conference on Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and U.S. Strategy, University of Georgia, Athens, Apr. 28, 1997.].
We
specifically call attention to the fact that the Secretary did not speak the
words enclosed in square brackets.
This is not limited just to
terrorists or counterterrorism.
There appears to be no
insurmountable difficulties in developing psychoenergetic technology using the
approach outlined above. Certainly
it is not as formidable a task as has been hot
fusion.
The incident involving Captain
Button, e.g., was to demonstrate control of an individual performing complex
technical tasks for a period of at least one hour. The test against Captain Svoboda was to
demonstrate how simply human kill can be achieved in combat troops, merely by
introducing selected changes in the mental functioning of the targeted
individuals. As Svoboda was
climbing her A-10 out of a successful low-level ordnance drop at night on a
ground target, her sense of up and down was instantly reversed. Instantly perceiving she was diving
instead of climbing—although actually
climbing out perfectly—she "corrected" immediately and dove headlong into the
ground, perishing in the resulting explosion of her
aircraft.
In the case of Capt. Hess, the test
demonstrated that rather complete mental control can be almost instantly
asserted, and even the responses of the autonomic nervous system can be
overridden. So Captain Hess, out
for a morning jog, simply went aside, sat down, and stabbed himself repeatedly,
including multiple times right through the heart. Had one seen the incident, he would have
simply continued stabbing himself very calmly, without emotion or reflex action
from his autonomic nervous system, until physical failure of his
body.
As can be seen, it is of the utmost
importance that this nation understand psychoenergetics weapons of such nature,
and develop effective defenses against them. The next great strategic battlefield may
be as much a "virtual reality" battle as it is a "real physical world"
combat. The war can be quickly lost
in either arena.
We also point out that the
psychoenergetics weaponry readily is adapted to use in more advanced
longitudinal EM wave interferometers, which readily penetrate the Earth and the
ocean. Hence deeply buried
strategic command and control centers are vulnerable to psychoenergetics
warfare, as are the crewmen of our nuclear submarines, ICBMs, aircraft carriers,
division and army command centers, national command centers, strategic bomber
pilots, etc.
Indeed, one of the major incentives
for developing such psychoenergetics weapons as was demonstrated in controlling
Captain Button, was to seize and control the entire on-site manning crews of the
defensive quantum potential weapons preventing launch of full strategic
warfare. By having the QP systems
"stood down for maintenance" by their own crews, the major strategic retaliation
and "dead man fuzing" would have been removed and countered. Then powerfully striking the QP sites
with LWIs would have destroyed them, and left the sites themselves radioactively
emitting longitudinal EM waves, thus preventing reoccupation in case the QP
weaponry survived. The counter to
that scheme was to place the friendly QP weapon sites on "insane" command and
control. In that mode, instead of
human decision being made to launch, every so often (say, every two hours) the
computer automatically initiates the launch sequence. During that sequence, if the crew is
still alive and functional, codes can be punched in and the computer cancels the
launch initiation. It then repeats
the sequence two hours later. If no
coded cancellation order is punched in, for whatever reason, the launch sequence
completes and the QP weapons fire.
In that case, much of Russia disappears from the face of the
earth.
Eerily, just about the time that
Secretary Cohen was making his quoted statement in April 1997, the KGB was being
notified by the friendly little nation of the change to insane command and
control. This forced the abortion
of a great strategic attack upon the West, scheduled to occur on May 1,
1997.
We are strongly stressing that
psychoenergetics is not parapsychology and it is not just an idle theory of
academics. Instead, it is already
potently used in some very powerful and deployed weapon systems that could well
decide the course of the next world war, almost at a moment's
notice.
See also discussion under energy.
CONSCIOUSNESS
Refers
to a living being's awareness of its sensations, feelings, thoughts, and the
world around it.
The new approach uses a coupling
mechanism between the time-like mind and the body of a living creature. The nature of this coupling mechanism
then generates the mechanism by which self-awareness is produced, awareness of
non-self is produced, and the sense of existing in the external world but
differing from it is produced.
CONTINUOUS
MODE
For
a longitudinal EM wave interferometer, a continuous mode of operation where
power is fed continually to the transmitters, and the two longitudinal EM wave
patterns or beams are continuously transmitted.
CONVENTIONAL SCALAR
POTENTIAL
A scalar potential formed without
use of artificially added substructuring of its internal biwaves and their
products.
In other words, one in which it is
assumed that its virtual particle flux has no ordering, but is just a randomized
flux. This assumption (e.g., of quantum mechanics indirectly) is incompatible by
the Whittaker demonstration that (i) a scalar potential is a harmonic set of
"bidirectional" EM phase conjugate wave pairs, and thus not a scalar entity at
all, and (ii) perfect ordering of its wave components exists inside the scalar
potential.
One must carefully distinguish what
each of these internal "phase conjugate EM longitudinal wavepairs" actually
represents. Prior to interaction
with detecting charges, the potential is a 4-potential existing in spacetime
(4-space). The time domain, of
course, is represented by ict, and in that expression only "t" is a
variable. Hence the "incoming"
phase conjugate longitudinal EM waves in the imaginary plane are actually
longitudinal EM waves in the time dimension. These waves converge upon the dipolarity
represented by the "scalar potential" or any "piece" of it. The dipolarity represents the
interaction of charges; specifically, a dipole. This reaction—by the spin of the
charges—transduces the incoming EM energy from the time-dimension into 3-space,
and emits it from the charges as real EM longitudinal EM energy radiating out
from the dipolarity in all directions in 3-space.
The phase conjugate half-set of the
Whittaker waves, prior to their
interaction with charge, are not waves in 3-space, but are waves of LW
EM energy coming in from the imaginary plane and thus from the time domain. The charges of the dipolarity spin
720°, being 360º in the complex plane and then 360º in real
3-space. So the charges absorb the
EM LW energy impinging on them from the time domain, during their 360º rotation
in the complex plane. When they
enter real 3-space for the rest of their spin, the already-excited charges
dissipate their excitation energy in all directions as they spin their 3609º in
3-space. That is what the Whittaker
decomposition actually shows, but it has been ignored for almost a
century.
In short, the broken 3-symmetry of
the dipolarity—well-known in particle physics for nearly a half-century, but
never incorporated into CED—allows nature to jump to a higher, more fundamental
4-symmetry in the energy flow.
Energy is being conserved in 4-space, but not in 3-space. Further, there is a special new energy
flow symmetry involved: one-way in the time domain and the other way in the
3-space domain. Note that energy is
not conserved in 3-space! There is no law of nature requiring the
extra requirement that, in addition to conservation in 4-space, the energy must
also be conserved in 3-space! So when the dipole breaks that extra
requirement, only the basic 4-conservation applies. In that case, nature very happily gives
you what might be called a white hole in astrophysics terms: energy will pour in
to the dipolarity unceasingly from the time-dimension, and will pour out in
3-space unceasingly, so long as that dipolarity
persists.
By considering the virtual charges
of opposite sign that cluster in the vacuum around any "isolated observable
charge", one may represent a single charge (as an electron or proton) as a set
of composite dipoles, where each dipole consists of a virtual charge (while it
exists) and a differential element of the observable charge. So the charge becomes a set of composite
dipoles, each with Whittaker decomposition of the scalar potential between its
ends.
Hence we have solved the long-vexing
problem that Semiz called "the greatest unsolved problem in electrodynamics":
the problem of the source charge (or source dipole) and its associated fields
and potentials and the enormous EM energy continually pouring out of any charge
or dipole in all directions in 3-space.
When the arbitrarily discarded giant
Heaviside nondiverged energy flow component is also accounted, this leads to the
giant negentropy of the dipole, as shown in my paper, "Giant Negentropy from the
Common Dipole". We have also
proposed this "dark Heaviside energy" as the unaccounted source of the excess
gravity known to be present in spiral galaxies and holding together their
arms. The dark energy yields at
least 90% of the total gravity involved, and the additional 10% or so can be
accounted for my known gravitational sources.
It appears that these new
discoveries can also be utilized to show that "quintessence" is also caused by
COP>1.0 processes in the universe, and the excess production of negative
"giant dark energy flows". If so,
then this also would account for the recently discovered fact that the universe
has an excess of negative gravitation, so that it is not only expanding but is
accelerating in that expansion. At
this time, the present author is still attempting to tie up the loose ends
involved in showing that quintessence also is created as a result of functions
of the giant negentropy process.
In the Whittaker biwave pairs, If
one then insists that these hidden EM waves are comprised of hidden photons,
then it follows that the photons exist as continually coupling and uncoupling
photon/antiphoton pairs, or continually forming and unforming gravitons as the wave and antiwave
continually pass through each other.
It is a little more complicated than
that, since Maxwell actually omitted half the EM energy in the EM wave in space,
and also in the circuit—as do electrodynamicists to this day. For gravitons, one really must come to
grips with this error and correct it.
This will be added later in this glossary. (To be
Added).
COOPER
PAIR
A dynamic pairing of electrons in
superconductivity theory.
In this pair, if the energy state
with wave number s and spin ½ is occupied by an electron, then so is the
state with wave number - s and spin - ½.
COP (COEFFICIENT OF
PERFORMANCE)
Ratio of energy out, divided by
that portion of the total energy input that is input by the operator or
experimenter.
The COP is thus a measure of
"efficiency of using the operator or experimenter's input energy" to produce—or
direct the production of—useful work. Note that he can direct the use of his own
input energy, as almost all our present systems do. Better yet, he can also
direct (gate or "switch") the use of some external free flow of energy from the
environment into the system, so that he gets lots more work out of the system
than he has to put in himself. Only a few of our systems—such as solar cells,
sails on sailboats, waterwheels to power mills, and windmills—are such Maxwell's
demons (open systems) where the output exceeds the operator's input of
energy.
We sharply contrast the term "COP"
to the term "efficiency". The
efficiency (overall) of a system is how much useful energy output (usually as
work, or can be converted to work at will) the system produces for the total
amount of energy that is input (both by the operator and by the external
environment). Even a highly
inefficient system may nonetheless have a COP>1.0, if the operator inputs
less energy than the system outputs.
We urge the reader to thoroughly
understand the difference between energy-use "efficiency" of a system and
coefficient of performance of the system.
Many scientists, engineers, and especially free-energy researchers are
confused on the precise difference in these terms.
CORPUS
CALLOSUM
The
thick nerve cable that links together the two cerebral hemispheres (which are
separate brains) in each vertebrate (including human) brain.
In
each of the two cerebral hemispheres, there is a separate mind and personality
(given that the other is separated).
However, a brain has a unique characteristic: Anything that arises
directly inside it is automatically assumed to be self-originated, since the
brain-tuner can differentiate no separation or "separate source" for the
signal/thought arising directly upon its "internal screen". This allows integration of the two
brains/minds/personalities into one. That is, when one brain half prepares and
sends a message, that message is also routed across the corpus callosum into the
other brain half, arising internally upon the second brain's "display." The
second brain half therefore thinks that it itself originated the signal or
message.
COSMOLOGICAL FEEDBACK
PRINCIPLE
Puthoff's self-regenerating cosmological feedback cycle for the source of the vacuum EM ZPE.
One may assume the existence of EM zero-point energy (ZPE) by fiat as part of the boundary conditions of the universe, or conceive of its generation by the quantum-fluctuation motion of charged particles that constitute matter. Puthoff calculated the latter possibility, assuming that the ZPE spectrum (field distribution) drives particle motion, and that the particle motion in turn generates the ZPE spectrum. This provides a self-regenerating cosmological feedback cycle, which in fact is consistent with the general relativity assumption that curvature of spacetime affects mass energy, and mass energy changes affect the curvature of spacetime.
The result of Puthoff's calculation is the appropriate frequency-cubed spectral distribution of the correct order of magnitude. His result is thus consistent with, and indicates, a dynamic-generation process for the ZPE fields.
In
general this is also consistent with the Sachs' unified field theory approach,
and with the Evans O(3) important subset of it.
COURRIER,
ROBERT
Noted French scientist who
collaborated with Antoine Prioré in his revolutionary healing experiments on
laboratory animals using longitudinal EM waves from plasma tubes.
Courrier was the head of the Biology
Section of the French Academy and also the perpetual secretary at the time. He personally presented the astounding
results of the Prioré work, showing cures of terminal tumors, to the assembled
French Academy, creating a furor.
CROSSTALK
In
ordinary science, the transfer of energy or signal from one channel to another,
by cross modulation or cross coupling between the channels.
In
the new approach, the term "crosstalk" can be used in an additional sense where
it refers to virtual energy exchange between orthogonal universes or frames—that
is, between different 3- or 4-dimensional slices of an infinite-dimensional
universe.
CURL CONCEPTS OF FIELDS
Refers to concepts of fields as
the curl of some vector potential;
E.g., the magnitude of the B-field is equal to the curl of the A-potential, given by B = Ñ´A. More exactly, the B-field is identically a curled A-potential, by B º Ñ´A, but only that
portion of Ñ´A that is diverged around or collected by an intercepting
unit point static charge.
Note that we are accenting that no
equation is a definition. So texts
stating that the first equation with an equals sign "defines" the magnetic
vector potential A, are in
error. If we state that B º Ñ´A, then we are
defining the B-field as a curled
form of the magnetic vector potential, which it is.
The reader must be aware that the
field concept itself in CEM is flawed, being "defined" as the effect existing
after an interaction by a 4-space entity with a 3-space mass, and hence
3-spatial and an "effect", and yet then used as if it were the 4-space
"cause" entity that propagates in 4-space to interact. In short, the field concept is
thoroughly confused in the texts and papers in the literature (and has been
confused for more than a century) as not only the cause but the result of the
interaction of the cause with some recipient. This problem has been highlighted by
many physicists, including Feynman, Wheeler, etc.
This "confusion of the cause with
the effect" is widespread in physics, and is the single greatest foundations
error which hampers the progress of physics. Another example is the false notion that
a "separate force" acts upon a "separate mass", when in fact mass is a component
of force by the definition F
º d/dt(mv). That such simple and obvious errors have
been propagated by so many hundreds of thousands of scientists for so many
decades is perplexing. Indeed, the
errors simply continue to be used.
Note that Nobelist Feynman and the great John Wheeler pointed out that
the "field" as defined in CEM does not and cannot exist in spacetime! Instead, Feynman pointed out that only
the potential for the field exists in spacetime, in case some charged mass is
brought in to interact with it and thereby produce the field as an
effect.
Indeed, no observable persists, for
it "exists" only as a momentary 3-space frozen snapshot or slice of a 4-space
dynamic interaction. Here again,
most physicists do not realize that observables such as mass m do not and cannot
persist other that at the instantaneous frozen moment of the
snapshot.
CURL-FREE MAGNETIC VECTOR
POTENTIAL
A field-free magnetic vector
potential without curl, hence with no B-field.
Toroids and long solenoids have the
characteristic of separating the B-field (curled potential) and holding
it inside. However, drawing energy
from any potential whose "source charge or source dipole" is not destroyed,
simply results in the full value of the potential being replenished from the
vacuum, via the 4-symmetry energy flow mechanism in the presence of the broken
3-symmetry of the dipole. Hence one
may easily "double" the potential energy density at will, and this is a special
form of gauge freedom, where the potential energy of any electromagnetic system
can be altered freely and at will.
We strongly accent that, contrary to what is in the EM textbook, gauge
freedom rigorously allows the direct and free amplification of potential energy
of the EM system at will. That this
principle, incorporated in gauge field theory, has been known so long and still
not used in the design, production, and use of COP>1.0 electrical power
systems is quite inexplicable.
In the motionless electromagnetic
generator, we used a special core material to extract the curled potential (B-field) from a permanent magnet's
vector potential A, so that A is replenished in uncurled form
directly from the vacuum via the giant negentropy
process.
To achieve COP>1.0, we then
simultaneously interacted both the uncurled A-potential energy external to the
output coil, and the internal curled A-potential energy (B-field energy) internal to the core
through the coil, with the coil. By
pulsing, the Lenz law effect is also invoked as yet another momentary regauging
and potential energy increase, so that an additional energy gain is
achieved.
The well-known Aharonov-Bohm effect
proves that the uncurled A-potential
can indeed be separated from the B-field in like manner, and the A-potential does interact with
electrons since dA/dt =
- E.
Thus the MEG achieves COP>1.0
permissibly, because it is an open system freely receiving excess energy from
the active vacuum environment, via the vacuum's replenishment of the magnetic
vector potential of the permanent magnet dipole as fast as energy is drawn from
it. The MEG also violates the usual
closed current loop's self-imposition of Lorentz symmetrical regauging when
discharging its excitation energy (its free excess regauging potential energy),
because the "source dipole" (the permanent magnetic dipole) is not
destroyed.
CURVED SPACETIME (externally,
internally)
A four-dimensional geometry used
in general relativity, where the curvature is determined by the distribution of
mass-energy.
In the new, more extended approach,
any change in the spatial energy density of spacetime or any change in the
time-energy density of it, or a combination of changes in both. The difference is that in the new
approach time is also treated as a special form of energy. Specifically, time may be regarded as
spatial EM energy compressed by a factor of
c2.
CYBORG (An acronym for cybernetic
organism).
(Noun):
A single integrated system consisting of a living system energetically or
functionally linked to mechanical or electromagnetic devices and/or systems
performing some vital functions.
(Verb):
Link, in the sense of forming such a system.
In
the new approach, a living biological system may thus be considered a cyborg of
its time-like mindworld (mindframe) to its 3-spatial body (laboratory
tuner). The "cyborging" is provided
by the personal quantum potential and by the mind-body coupling mechanism. Due to the giant negentropy mechanism of
any dipolarity, any scalar potential as a dipolarity is a cyborg between
observable reality and virtual state (time-like) reality, i.e., between 3-space
and the time-domain.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
Any of several members of the herpesvirus
family that cause infected cells to enlarge and/or to form cytoplasmic (the
protoplasm of a cell, external to the nuclear membrane) inclusions in leukocytes
(white blood cells), particularly in their nuclei.
Cytomegalovirus makes a protein that
appears to disable the p53 protein.
As a result, smooth muscle cells in blood vessels can proliferate until
they impede blood flow.
CYTOPATHOGEN
Literally, a pathogen (disease
causing organism—or extended, mechanism—) that affects cells and generates
damage in them.
CYTOPATHOGENIC
Damaging, harmful, or destructive
for cells.
CYTOPATHOGENIC
EFFECT
The generation of damage,
disease, death, or other symptoms at the cellular level in cells that are
exposed to or subjected to a pathogen.
CYTOPATHOGENIC MIRROR
EFFECT
Distant EM pathogenic effect
noted by Kaznacheyev in thousands of military experiments, where cellular death,
disease, and damage forms are shown to be transmitted from one cell culture in
the dark (absence of visible light) where the changes are induced, to another
similar targeted cell culture in the dark that is environmentally shielded from
the first except for light transmission in the infrared and in the
ultraviolet. After exposure begins,
after a time delay (say, 2 hours or more), the cells in the targeted cell
culture will begin to exhibit the same symptoms as the culture having the
induced damage. Eventually, in most
cases the targeted cells will develop the same damage, disease condition, or
death. The effects vary with the
time of day etc.
The necessity for photon connection
from IR to UV is shown by contrasting a thin quartz window allowing the light
transmission with a thin window glass window. The quartz is open from the IR to the
UV, and will pass that entire spectrum.
With the visible light absent, the IR and UV biophotons emitted by the
damaged cell culture will pass through the quartz window into the targeted cell
culture. After the time delay, the
targeted cell culture starts developing the
condition.
Use of a thin window glass window,
however, prevents the effect.
Normal window glass is opaque in the IR and in the UV, and so it blocks
the transmission of the IR and UV biophotons.
The UV is a harmonic of the IR,
arranged properly. An unusual
effect exists when two sine waves one the first harmonic of the other, are
simultaneously transmitted into an isotropic nonlinear medium, such as
water. On each sine wave, the peak
travels faster in the water than off-peak parts of the wave does. Hence the wave peaks overshoot its
middle, the wave collapses, breaks up, etc. Both the waves of the transmitted
harmonic set do that. However, if
one pretends that one transmitted the difference frequency between them, and not
the waves themselves, a strange phenomenon results. Regardless of the breakup of the primary
harmonic set, the difference frequency travels through the water as if it were a
real frequency in a linear medium.
This effect has been proven and is used in underwater sonar
equipment.
For example, see Owen Flynn, "Parametric arrays: A new concept for sonar," Electronic Warfare Magazine, June 1977, p. 107-112. Any two sine-wave frequencies as simultaneous drivers combine to produce a sine-wave difference frequency propagating in water, essentially without sidebands or reverberations. Its pattern has a main lobe approximately equal to that of the high frequency drive, but devoid of sidelobes. The level of the propagating difference frequency is proportional to both the product of the two fundamental drive levels and to the square of the desired value of difference frequency.
Living cells contain a great
percentage of water. Hence the
effect should apply to those targeted cells, under the conditions
stated.
From general relativity, we know
that any pattern and dynamics of mass-energy, such as in a cell and all its
parts and dynamics, directly interacts with local spacetime to curve it, and any
set of curvatures of spacetime interact with any conglomerate of mass-energy and
its parts and dynamics. The set of
precise curvatures and their dynamics we call an engine. In a mass embedded in a local region of
spacetime containing an engine, the engine will interact with the mass-energy to
change it if the mass-energy and its dynamics do not "fit" the engine and its
dynamics.
In a diseased, damaged, or dead
cell, the mass-energy of that cell and its "template" (form and dynamics)
differs from its template while the cell was living and normal. Let us now see what happens when that
dead cell emits a biophoton.
A photon emitted from a dielectric
such as a damaged cell, is not emitted just from one spot. Every part of the dielectric
participates in the emission of that photon. (See "porthole concept", to be
added). Further, each emitted
photon contains in its scalar potential and its magnetic vector potential, the
exact longitudinal EM waveset that constitutes the vacuum engine of the damaged
cell that emitted it. When a cell
absorbs a photon, it absorbs that vacuum engine carried by the photon also. If it absorbs a stream of photons of
harmonic interval, the difference frequency constitutes in terms of a wave,
traveling through the cell water as if in a linear medium, and transporting that
vacuum engine to every part of the absorbing cell
dielectric.
So the biophotons emitted from
Kaznacheyev's damaged, diseased, or dying cells sent biophotons containing the
exact spacetime curvature engines and dynamics of their precise condition
(template). Further, a harmonic interval of such radiation is transmitted into
the targeted cells, and absorbed.
The mixing of the two absorptions eventually is sufficient to establish
the harmonic interval, thus with a clear EM signal difference that travels
through the cell's water and to every tiniest part of it. This "difference frequency clear signal"
also contains the pure vacuum engines of the template of the changes in the
diseased, dying, or damaged emitting cells.
The result is the "kindling"
(coherent integration) of the template in the absorbing cell's local spacetime
in which it is embedded. As that
spacetime engine grows, it differs from the resident engine of the absorbing
cell. That difference is itself an
engine, and it operates steadily upon that absorbing cell to alter its engine
and then its physical condition and state.
As the new engine continues to
interact, the physical cell is gradually changed into an equilibrium condition
in its mutual interaction with its local spacetime engine. That occurs after the absorbing cell has
developed the same disease, damage, or dying condition as the transmitting
cells.
This is the secret of the
Kaznacheyev experiments. The
Kaznacheyev work was allowed to be released in the open literature to stimulate
the U.S. scientific and intelligence communities and see whether or not the
scientists and analysts had applied a unified field theory and higher symmetry
electrodynamics to the EM bioeffects problem. The totally casual reception of the
Kaznacheyev experiments in the West, with no interest or interaction from the
stimulated communities, assured the KGB conclusively that the West was still in
kindergarten in its knowledge of EM bioeffects, and particularly had little or
no knowledge in the field of EM biological warfare.
Kaznacheyev referred to the effect
as the "cytopathogenic mirror" effect, for the pathogenic effects from the
emitting damaged cells being "mirrored' in the targeted
cells.
See Vlail Kaznacheyev and L. P. Mikhailova, Ultraweak Radiation in Intercellular Interactions, [in Russian], Novosibirsk, 1981. An English exposition of much of the Kaznacheyev work is given in Vlail Kaznacheyev, "Electromagnetic Bioinformation in Intercellular Interactions," Psi Research, 1(1), Mar. 1982, p. 47-76. See also Vlail Kaznacheyev, "Apparent information transfer between two groups of cells," Psychoenergetic Systems, 1(1), Dec. 1974; Vlail Kaznacheyev et al., "Distant intercellular interactions in a system of two tissue cultures," Psychoenergetic Systems, 1(3), Mar. 1976, p. 141-142. In the same issue, see "A Comment" by William A. McGarey, p. 143; "A Comment" by Arthur C. Hastings, p. 143-144.
Seven or eight nations now have
longitudinal EM wave interferometer weapons, capable of beaming right through
the earth and ocean to the other side of the planet. At least two of these nations—Russia and
China—are capable of adding engine structures to these interferometers, and
sweeping a targeted population area to generate that specific disease condition
in that target. A sophisticated use
would be to have agents (such as terrorist teams already in the United States
and with biological agents in hand) release a small quantity of smallpox in the
area previously targeted. The LWIs
have swept the entire area continuously for a period, slowly kindling
(especially at night) the exact form of the disease within the bodies of the
populace. A curious thing happens
if the level of kindling of the smallpox state has been kept just beneath the
observable state, within what is sometimes called the "shadow state" (just
barely virtual). A smallpox
pandemic will explode in that populace with a ferocity never seen in modern
times, and at an unparalleled rate.
This is further exacerbated by "spreading the immune system" prior to the
attack (term and discussion to be added), which seriously weakens the immune
system's ability to resist any single pathogenic
attack.
There are hardly any supplies of
smallpox vaccine left that are viable.
Even where there are, the Russian laboratories developed strains of
smallpox resistant to the normal vaccine, and after the collapse of the Russian
economy and the former Soviet state, these strains were sold on the black market
to the highest bidder. Further,
most of the Soviet scientists employed in those secret biowar facilities wound
up employed in several other nations, most hostile to the United
States.
The point is this: Such a strike
could in fact kill up to 2 billion people worldwide. Further, the entire affair would appear
to be just a chance breakout of smallpox, and its spread through a nonresistant
world populace.
When modern biological warfare is
actually analyzed in detail, the "bang for the buck" is greater than it is for
nuclear weapons. Further, a rogue
or hostile nation can take its time in advance and develop quantities of
smallpox vaccine (for the very strain it will use), then initiate such a
clandestine campaign after it has vaccinated its own populace, armed forces, and
agents. Guess who survives after
such an attack.
CYTOTOXIC
Toxic (acts as a poison or toxin) to
cells.
A toxin is a colloidal proteinaceous
poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a
living organism. The toxin is
usually very unstable, and is notably toxic when introduced into the
tissues.
DARK
ENERGY
The Heaviside nondiverged energy
flow component, surrounding every field/charge and potential/charge reaction but
unaccounted in present electromagnetic theory after being arbitrarily discarded
by Lorentz.
DATUM
Consideration, or data
considered, or information considered, or action considered, or result
considered.
DEATH
The
disintegration of the personal quantum potential's connection to the physical
body's atomic nuclei by loss of the mind-body connection mechanism.
Simply
put, separation of the quantum potential containing the time-like mind-frame
from the body. Loss of the
preferential tuning of a physical body to its mindworld. This causes loss of the preferential
consciousness loop or life channel, resulting in "death" (reversion to inert
matter) of the body. Actually the
quantum potential and the mind-frame remains, so the being is unchanging and indestructible,
hence consists of all changes and destructions simultaneously, with none
separated individually. Life and
death thus are two sides of the same coin, and the coin is immutable, regardless
of which side is exposed.
DE BROGLIE WAVE
A matter wave, conceived by Louis
de Broglie.
The quantum mechanics wave
associated with a particle of matter, which can give rise to interference
effects. An orbital electron in an atom is associated with a standing de Broglie
wave on a Bohr orbit. De Broglie waves always move faster than the speed of
light, the speed being given by c2/v, where c is the velocity of
light in vacuum and v is the velocity of the particle of mass. De Broglie wave
velocities thus vary from the speed of light to infinite speed (everywhere at
once). In his speech accepting the Nobel Prize, de Broglie emphasized that,
since these waves produce real physical effects, they are real and must not be
regarded simply as mathematical conveniences.
DEBYE,
PETER
Dutch-born American physical
chemist and Nobelist, 1884-1966, who performed important and fundamental studies
in bipole moments and diffractions of X-rays and electrons in
gases.
DEDIFFERENTIATION,
CELLULAR
The reversion of a cell or cellular
structure to a more primitive or generalized
condition.
Dedifferentiation is often preliminary to a
major change in the cell or cellular structure. It can also be a reversion of the cell
to a previous—even primeval—cell
form. The important point is that
dedifferentiation returns the cell to a previous (past) cellular state. Reversion of a cancer cell, e.g., would
cause the cell to return to a normal cell, since that is the nature of its
"cellular past." It is vitally
important that Becker has demonstrated that cells can be differentiated (moved
forward to a future state) or dedifferentiated (moved backward to a previous
state) electrically, by very weak DC currents (picoamperes). He was nominated for a Nobel Prize for
this epochal work.
Actual electromagnetic redifferentiation of
terminal tumors in laboratory animals was repeatedly demonstrated by Prioré et
al in the late 60s and early 70s and reported in the peer-reviewed French
medical journals, as was reversion of depressed immune systems, cures of
infectious diseases, and curing of arteriosclerosis. It is inexplicable that this positively
demonstrated cure of cancer—which could also cure infectious diseases and
probably can be developed to cure AIDS—was suppressed in the mid-70s and has not been vigorously pursued by
present establishment medical science.
DEGENERATE
SEMICONDUCTOR
A semiconductor whose
conductivity approaches that of a metal.
DELGADO, JOSE M.
R.
Noted Spanish neurophysiologist
well-known for his research on brain behavioral mechanisms and their control by
electrical stimulation; who implanted electrodes in the brains of animals and
humans and demonstrated that their responses (both behavioral and emotional)
were specific and depended upon the specific localized part of the brain that
was stimulated.
A TV tape made by Delgado showed a
spectacular demonstration where he stopped a charging bull in mid-stride. With a small hand-held radio
transmitter, he transmitted a radio signal to a receiver implanted in the head
of the bull. This dramatic
demonstration caused a world-wide sensation.
The significance of his work is
given by Becker: "Delgado discovered the exact parts of the
brain in which electrical stimulation produced fear, anxiety, pleasure,
euphoria, or rage in human subjects.
He found that certain sites produced major personality alterations. For example, stimulation of one such
site could cause very proper, reserved young ladies to become flirtatious and
sexually aggressive. Other sites
inhibited maternal or aggressive behavior.
In short, Delgado was able to profoundly alter human behavior through
electrical stimulation of discrete areas of the brain." … electrodes were implanted in the pleasure
centers of rats' brains. The
animals were provided with two levers to press. One of these delivered food, and the
other produced electrical stimulation of the pleasure center. Invariably, the rats chose to press the
lever that stimulated the pleasure center, even to the extent that they died of
starvation." (Becker, Cross
Currents, p. 221-222).
It is known based on a rare OMNI
interview that Delgado progressed to detailed study and experimentation for the
behavioral and emotional effects in monkeys of specific magnetic field
frequencies on monkeys. These
successful experiments involved electrical currents produced in the brain but
hundreds of times lower in intensity than those required for direct electrode
stimulation. Since then, some
information has been cautiously released from Western military studies showing
that microwave pulses can couple to the central nervous system and produce
stimulation and behavior alteration similar to Delgado's released experimental
results.
Comment: The ultimate and most refined techniques in the field of
electromagnetic control of human behavior, volition, emotion, etc. is provided
by Russian psychoenergetics, the military version of which is totally under KGB
control. This work has progressed
far beyond what Delgado and Becker were discussion so long ago. The use of the infolded longitudinal EM
waves and "engines"—once the technology is developed—allows direct engineering
of conscious and unconscious mind, memory including short term and long term,
perception, awareness, etc. The
additional advantage of using EM longitudinal waves is that mass is largely a
very thin dispersion of particles, with (relatively speaking) very large
distances between them, somewhat like the solar system but on different
scale. This "inner space" is filled
with EM waves, potentials, and fields—all of which decompose into sets of
longitudinal EM waves and their impressed dynamics. Thus the earth and ocean are readily
penetrated by longitudinal EM wave beams, and the Russians (KGB) has developed
such LW interferometers since the mid 1950s. However, by LW interferometry where the
patterns and dynamics of the carried LWs are engineered, any desired mapping
pattern of precise EM signals, frequencies, phases, and magnitudes can be
reproduced in distant interference zones, reaching right through the ocean. These interferometers could localize the
distant interferometry into a 6-inch diameter volume as early as 1985, so from
that time forward it gradually became possible to perform all of Delgado's
"inserted electrode" EM stimulus in a single selected human brain from the
opposite side of the earth. So
approximately 1985 is when I would estimate the beginning of the "golden age"
(ugh!) of distant psychoenergetics was initiated.
By 1997, this development would be
into at least third generation weapons, just being deployed or just having been
deployed, considering an somewhat accelerated weapons development program where
6 years is one generation. By 1997,
very complex individual behavioral and perceptual control should have just
arrived in on-site deployed strategic weapons systems. See discussion under conscious
mind.
Some selected useful references are:
J.M.R. Delgado et al., Journal of
Anatomy, vol. 134, 1982, p. 533 reports that developmental defects occur in
chick embryos exposed to various ELF frequencies. See also J.M.R. Delgado, Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a
Psychocivilized Society, Vol. 41, World Perspectives, Harper & Row, New
York, 1969.
DEMODULATION
From a carrier containing a
modulated signal, recovering the signal that was used to modulate
it.
DENSE SIGNAL
ENVIRONMENT
For our purposes, when the number
of weak EM signals crossing one square meter per second reaches
200,000.
At 500,000 important nonlinear
optical type effects of significance—particularly long term cumulative
effects—begin to occur in the exposed biological
organism.
DEPARTING ORTHOROTATIONS
In space of dimensions greater
than four, the rotating of an object or entity away from its line of motion, in
the direction of a dimension at right angles to the line of travel in the
observer's three-space, by some number of additional 90° rotations.
The Lorentz transform in special
relativity, e.g., is just a formula for this kind of rotation. What we call "velocity" is actually a
measure of rotation. In 4-space,
any object in 3-space can only rotate "out" of 3-space in one direction: toward
the time-axis. As the object
rotates toward that time-axis, we see the object as having a velocity in
3-space, and its "length along the line of motion" as having diminished. When the object rotates the full
90°, its "length along the line of motion" has been converted
to "time" rather than length. Hence
it has zero length along the line of motion and is moving at c, the speed of
light in ambient space. It is also
no longer material, but is a sort of flat plane surface moving at speed c in a
direction perpendicular to the plane.
In that 4-space model, it is
impossible for anything to move faster than light speed. So Einstein's postulate dealing with the
fact that it is impossible to translate mass, signals, etc. faster than light
speed has a built-in assumption that only one orthogonal departing rotation can
be made from 3-space. That
postulate need not apply at all if more than one departing orthorotation is
permitted—which of course requires a space of 5 dimensions or
greater.
The notion is that, if we allow a
spacetime of greater than four dimensions, by continuing to rotate ever more
orthoturns in a departing direction away from the original line of travel, the
rotated object loses one observable dimension for every orthorotation. Hence
with three "departing" orthorotations it becomes a "nonobservable point" to the
normal observer, but one that would be moving at speed c3. A single orthorotation would make the
3-dimensional object a two-dimensional plane moving at speed c.
No matter how many rotations are
made in a departing manner, the object is still connected to the time dimension
common to all dimensions (assuming only a single time dimension for
simplicity). So it exists in an
orthorotated space, but in the same time.
To the physical observer in 3-space, it thus appears to be a "time-like"
or "mental" object only.
Nonetheless, by affecting the density and structuring of the time domain,
it can have an effect on a 3-spatial object. We discuss that mechanism under the
subjects of the mind-to-body coupling mechanism and the body-to-mind coupling
mechanism. Further, with the
Sachs-Evans unified field theory approach, the time-domain can be directly
engineered. This means that both
"inert" or physical reality and time-like or "mental" reality can be directly
engineered by novel electrodynamic means.
In short, a photon is just a
particle (such as an electron) that is orthorotated once (toward the time axis).
In photon emission, a little bit of the mass-energy turns into orthorotated
photon energy. In photon
absorption, the absorbed photon energy turns back into mass-energy.
The higher dimensional
orthorotational concept was originally formed to allow a physical modeling grasp
on a "mental" object as compared to a "physical" object, and to have a
connection mechanism between the two.
Such an approach can be used to model both mind and matter, their
interaction, etc. The present
author has used it to solve the old philosophical problem of "intent", of how
the perception of self is attained, how the external world is perceived separate
from self, etc. A model for both
living and nonliving states does emerge.
This or a very similar approach has
been used by the Russian's highly classified weapon science called energetics. That third branch of energetics is
called psychoenergetics and it is the
physics of directly engineering mind states, mind operations, memory, etc. by
extended electrodynamic means.
We have previously detailed much of this work privately, but with some
detailed openly in a few papers.
E.g., see T. E. Bearden, "Mind Control and EM Wave
Polarization Transductions, Part I", Explore, 9(2), 1999, p. 59; Part II, Explore, 9(3), 1999, p. 61; Part III,
Explore, 9(4,5), 1999, p.
100-108.
DESTRUCTIVE
INTERFERENCE
When two waves or wavesets from
two different sources superpose to produce a combined waveset that has a lower
intensity than the sum of the intensities of the two original
waves.
DETERMINISTIC PATTERN OR
TEMPLATE
The exact arrangement, by plan
and deterministic action, of a group of entities.
E.g., of the photons in a "herd" or
"group" of them. Or a set of spacetime curvatures, into a dynamic structure
called a "spacetime curvature engine"—or "engine" for short. Or by the virtual photons in the vacuum
flux, or a deterministic set of changes to that vacuum flux (the vacuum flux
that is called the "vacuum potential." I have called this function—of a
deterministic patterning or templating of the virtual flux (particle view) of
the potential—dimensioning the
potential.
DIELECTRIC
Literally, "against electric
(current),"
...originally coined to mean
"opposes the flow or conduct of electric fluid."
In today's language, a dielectric is
a non-conducting material used to oppose or prevent the flow of electric
charges. Even empty vacuum exhibits some dielectric resistance. "Dielectric" is
also used to refer to a nonconducting material (often used between the metal
plates of a capacitor or elsewhere) which can (i) sustain a change in potential
across a distance (i.e., an E-field), and (ii) serve as an
insulator. Space itself is a dielectric, or at least it is said to exhibit
certain dielectric qualities.
DIFFERENTIATION,
CELLULAR
(1) specialization of body parts or organs
in the evolutionary process.
(2) modification of
different parts of the body to perform particular functions. (3) modification of the cells forming
these body parts or organs so as to perform the necessary cellular functions
required to support the functioning of the body part or organ.
DIFFRACTION
The bending of light at the edge of an
opaque object.
Usually diffraction introduces undesired
distortion and is a problem.
However, it can be useful and desirable—for example, in a diffraction
grating.
DIMENSION
A certain primary geometrical
physical attribute, such as length, used to describe the separational
relationships of physical phenomena.
The degree of that separation is
known as "length", "time", etc. By
"geometrical" we mean that the "dimension" is considered to "exist" in either
the presence or absence of the observable physical phenomenon; however, by
understood agreement the dimension itself is not directly observable. It can be
inferred ("measured"), however, by comparative operations of simple devices such
as clocks and meter sticks, and its simplistic definition is usually given as
"that which has measurable magnitude." Prescribed measuring procedures are used
to assign magnitudes to these inferred dimensions, using specific scales.
Actually, "dimension" just means
"fundamental quantity of separation" and "geometry" in the most general sense.
The number of dimensions taken in advanced physics usually represents a somewhat
arbitrary choice for good modeling fit. In modern Kaluza-Klein theory, for
example, it becomes necessary to accept some 10 or 11 dimensions in the usual
particle physics case. General relativity has incorporated the interaction of
the abstract geometry (spacetime) with mass. Until Sachs' extension of Einstein's
work into a unified field theory and Evans' incorporation of O(3)
electrodynamics as an important subset of Sachs' unified theory, general
relativity has largely remained a nonexperimental discipline, at least in the
laboratory. With the new
Sachs-Evans approach, however, GR becomes substantially engineerable by novel
electromagnetic means, including in the laboratory and in
devices.
DIMENSIONING
This is an artificial term I
sometimes use to mean "forming an exact pattern or 'template', particularly of
nested curvatures of spacetime, where the pattern/template may also be
dynamic. It involves the internal
structuring of the "dimensioned" entity.
The use of the term "dimensioning"
makes sense in unified field theory, but is awkward in normal EM theory which
erroneously considers that EM energy propagates in an uncurved spacetime. The mere presence of a change in local
spatial energy, created by the wave energy itself when present in that local
region, curves the local spacetime.
Hence the EM wave rigorously travels in curved spacetime, and in fact
identically is a propagating, oscillating curvature of
spacetime.
Dimensioning also implies a
deliberate form or structure (with dynamics) created in the virtual photon flux
of the vacuum or of the virtual photon flux comprising a scalar potential, or in
the infolded longitudinal wave EM inside all EM potentials, fields, and
waves. It implies an associated set
of spacetime curvatures and their dynamics. The latter are referred to as "engines",
"vacuum engines", "spacetime curvature engines",
etc.
Dimensioning potentials or signals
or carrier waves also involves adding hidden vacuum engines to them. I chose the
descriptive term dimensioning because
adding such templates (hidden vacuum engine structures) is equivalent to
increasing the EM topology by adding dimensions. Since an EM wave or field or
vector potential can be decomposed into two scalar potentials, then by
"dimensioning" one or both of the scalar potentials one can "infold" the desired
hidden structures or patterns (vacuum engines) inside an EM carrier wave, EM
field, or vector potential. So I called this dimensioning those entities. Internally
structuring the two scalar potentials via arrays of EM LW emitters, and then
applying the necessary dynamics (modulations), is primarily the manner in which
dimensioning can be directly engineered.
When dimensioning is present, two identical EM waves as seen on the
oscilloscope may have dramatically differing internal structures (dimensioning),
and hence the two will produce drastically differing effects when they interact
with the same or similar objects.
This of course is the mechanism involved in the Kaznacheyev experiments
and in the decades-long microwave radiation of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, where
health changes and diseases were electromagnetically induced in personnel in
field-free (stable and nonchanging potentials)
areas.
Russian energetics refers to what we
are calling "dimensioning" simply as adding the information content of the
field. A very skilled
disinformation program (actually, a strategic deception program) has been used
to deceive the West into believing the phrase refers to ordinary spectral
analysis. It doesn't. The importance of the dimensioning
concept is that one has not formed mere "signals," instead, one has formed vacuum engines. If a receiving object
receives a signal, it may or may not act upon that "signal information." If it receives a vacuum engine, however, the engine
(structured local spacetime flux) directly acts upon it to make the requisite
change. Further, the energy for the
interaction's working upon the exposed object or system is furnished continually
from the curved spacetime set and their dynamics. The receiving object has
absolutely no choice in that action occurring to it, and the action can occur
from the gluons and quarks inside the charges in the nuclei, to the lattice
structures, to the system dynamics, to the elements so as to transmute them,
etc.
Note that when a dimensioned EM
field or potential is absorbed by an object, that object also has internal EM
fields and potentials which have substructures (usually rather random). However, the internal structure of the
absorbed dimensioned entity and the internal structures of the EM fields,
potentials, and waves do mix in a direct diffusion process. Hence with continued irradiation, the
target can be "charged up" with the desired internal dimensioning
structure. This is how the
microwave irradiation of the U.S. Embassy accomplished disease induction, using
signals with the desired disease dimensioning impressed in their structures,
particularly in the potentials. In
the Gulf War Disease, a much more sophisticated use of this mechanism was made,
using a quantum potential as the carrier.
All the effects (including the body fluid transmission, the EM fields of
the body transmitting and kindling some of the effects in children in proximity
to a dimensioned veteran parent, can be explained.
The use of dimensioned EM fields,
waves, and potentials—and the use of dimensioned quantum potentials in Bohm's
hidden variable theory—allows an entirely new science of EM biological warfare,
far more threatening and lethal than the more primitive physical pathogenic
kind. It is also possible to use
the techniques for revolutionary healing, as unwittingly shown by Prioré and the
scientists working with him, and also as shown by Becker et al.
The only way in which the action of a vacuum engine
(dimensioned carrier entity) can be resisted is to create and simultaneously
introduce the exact antiengine for it.
Once the action has been completed
in the receiving object and it has been changed, the only way it usually can be
undone is to form a precise antiengine for that action, amplify the antiengine,
and let the antiengine act upon the object for a sufficient time to "time
reverse it back to its previous physical state and condition". The Prioré mechanism utilized that
method for reversing the cellular damage due to cancer and infectious diseases,
and to restore suppressed immune systems.
The same mechanism, if re-developed, could also be used to reverse aging
in living human patients.
The engine and antiengine processes
can also be applied by structuring the "time-charging" or "time-excitation
charging" of the particles of mass in a body. The "port-hole" concept even allows
ordinary EM radiation to be used to forcibly transduce the input ordinary EM
into the extraordinary EM and thereby forcibly accomplish the necessary
time-charging actions for disease
and body deterioration reversal.
See discussions under "port hole concept" and
"time-charging".
DIPOLE
In the simplest case, two
separated charges of (usually equal and) opposite sign.
As a general definition, a localized positive charge or charge distribution, and a localized negative charge or charge distribution, such that the net charge summation is zero, but wherein the positive and negative charge distributions do not superpose. We point out, however, that in regular physics electrical charge has no proper definition. Try looking it up in several physics dictionaries! Then check our proposed definition of electrical charge. As is well-known in particle physics, a dipole is a broken symmetry in the virtual photon flux of the vacuum. By definition of broken symmetry, this means that some of the virtual energy flux continuously absorbed from the seething vacuum by the charges of the dipole, is not re--radiated as virtual energy. Instead, it is integrated coherently and re-radiated in 3-space as real emitted EM energy. The dipole is therefore a true "negative resistor" since it receives EM energy in unusable form, and re-emits it in usable form. In classical EM theory, the problem of how every charge and dipole can continuously emit EM energy to form all the associated fields and potentials and their energy, is an unsolved problem—sometimes called the most pressing problem in electrodynamics, both classical and quantal. For the solution and a discussion, see my paper "Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole," Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer 2000, p. 11-23.
Because
of the broken 3-symmetry of the dipole, the EM energy flow is not conserved in
three dimensions (symmetry represents a conservation law, and broken symmetry
represents the violation of that conservation law—in this case, violation of
conservation of 3-space EM energy flow).
Instead, EM energy flow is conserved in 4-dimensions, and the hidden
inflow of EM energy to the dipole
is actually from the complex plane (time domain). Thus all EM energy is actually received
from the time-domain, and so the importance can be seen of the internal
structuring of time-flow and of longitudinal EM waves in the time domain. Such time-domain energy flows appear
naturally in O(3) electrodynamics; see M. W. Evans and T. E. Bearden, "The Most General form of
the Vector Potential in Electrodynamics," Optik (in review).
DIRAC, PAUL A.
M.
Noted English physicist,
1902-1984, who shared the Nobel Prize for developing wave mechanics and
predicting the existence of the positron.
DIRAC SEA
Considering the vacuum as
containing—amongst other things— a "sea" of an infinite negative energy
conditions or states ("holes") for electrons, almost all of which are filled
with electrons.
In
Dirac electron theory, the relativistic wave equation for the electron has four
components, which correspond to two spin orientations and two energy conditions:
positive and negative. Thus the
vacuum possesses a "sea" of negative energy conditions for electrons. These are called "holes" and are
considered to ordinarily be filled or mostly filled with electrons which have
fallen into these negative energy states.
The Dirac sea thus is this vacuum sea of negative energy electrons. In forward time, if energy is added,
electrons can be lifted from this sea.
If spacetime is locally curved, additional holes may be created so that
normal positive energy electrons fall in and disappear, creating the appearance
of an "electrical energy sink." If
the curvature is in the opposite direction, electrons may be lifted from the
Dirac sea by the curvature, thus producing a flow of electrons and creating the
appearance of an "electrical energy source."
DISCRETIZED
Occurring in a finite size, fixed
as a function of one or more variables.
So long as the same value(s) of the
variable(s) are selected, the discretized entity is always the same size.
However, if the value(s) of the determining variables are changed, the value of
the discretized quantity may change so that it is not a whole number multiple of
the former entity. Compare this to a quantized entity, where the values of the
variable(s) are held to those wherein the entity will always be a multiple of an
entity of fixed size.
DISEQUILIBRIUM
Broken equilibrium, which in turn
involves breaking appropriate conservation
laws.
DISSOCIATION
Separation
of ideas from their affects or feelings, resulting in independent functioning of
these components of a person's mental processes.
Simply
put, fragmentation of the mind and personality. Severe dissociation is the definition of
insanity.
DISTORTION CORRECTION
THEOREM
"If a scalar wave E1(r)
propagates from left to right through an arbitrary but lossless dielectric
medium, and if we generate in some region of space [say near z = 0] its phase
conjugate replica E2(r), then E2 will propagate backward from right to left
through the dielectric medium, remaining everywhere the phase conjugate of
E1."
Quoted from Amnon Yariv, Optical Electronics, 3rd Edn., Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1985, p. 500-501.
What is missing from the distortion
correction theorem is hidden in the phrase "if we generate in some region of space …
its phase conjugate replica..".
Since electrodynamicists and optical physicists have been unaware that
all EM energy at any point in space comes from the time domain to that point,
then the actual phase conjugate wave in the imaginary plane (from the time
domain) is not utilized as the phase conjugate replica. Instead, the interaction of that wave
with charges, which actually produces the force-field wave in space, is
assumed. In short, one is looking
at the "effect" wave, not the "cause" wave. However, since time is not an observable
even in theory, it is this "effect" wave in 3-space that will be measured by our
instruments.
Note also that the distortion
correction theorem says nothing about longitudinal EM waves in the time
domain. Interestingly, in nonlinear
optical pumping, it appears that the 3-space energy of the pumping 3-space waves
is transformed into the time domain by the pumping, and thence flows from the
time domain into the 3-space domain to form the progression of the time-reversed
replica wave in 3-space.
It is apparent that much more work
should be done upon the foundations of phase conjugate optics, in a higher
symmetry electrodynamics model such as O(3) electrodynamics and particularly in
the unified field theory as in the Sachs-Evans combined
approach.
DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID)
Nucleic acid that constitutes the
genetic material of cellular organisms and also certain
viruses.
DRUDE,
PAUL
Important German physicist,
1863-1906, who formulated the theory of the free electron gas inside conductors,
using it to formulate a theory of metallic
resistance.
DRUDE ELECTRON GAS
The "free" electrons that have
broken loose from their atoms in a conductor, and are thus free to "wander
around" and "migrate"—or flow as current when exposed to an emf.
Also called the electron gas, or
Drude electron gas. Named after the German physicist Paul Drude who died in
1906, who formulated Drude's theory of metallic resistance based on EM theory
and his own theory of electrons.
See P. Drude, Ann. Physik, Vol. 1, p. 566; Vol. 3,
1900, p. 370, 869 for the original Drude papers.
DUALITY
PRINCIPLE
In quantum mechanics, the
principle that photons and other particles propagate like waves and interact
like particles, so that their descriptions as only waves or only particles is
inadequate.
ECM
Electronic
Countermeasures.
Electromagnetic measures taken
against targeted electronics or electromagnetics operations in systems,
particularly in hostile weapon systems, command and control systems, etc. There are entire textbooks in the West
that are devoted to ECM effects, uses, effectiveness, etc. A great deal of ECM equipment is also
used by any modern military force.
However, in our view what is greatly lacking as yet in Western ECM is the
deliberate design and use of novel new kinds of ECM based on the extended higher
electrodynamics such as O(3) electrodynamics, and particularly by use of
longitudinal EM waves and by use of the infolded electrodynamics inside all EM
fields, potentials, and waves.
Longitudinal EM wave interferometers (LWIs), e.g., can reach right
through the earth and the ocean to emerge on the other side of the earth. In the interference zone (IZ), real EM
"transverse wave" energy is created readily by the interferometry. Biasing of the chassis grounds of the
distant LWI transmitters can control whether the "normal" EM energy appearing in
the target IZ is convergent (cooling) or divergent (heating). By sharp pulsing of the LWI
transmitters, massive cold explosions or hot explosions can be created in the
IZ. Continuous LWI interferometry
can produce geometric forms of EM energy, which usually glow due to the
ionization of the atmosphere, etc. in the dense EM energy regions. Since these can also involve general
relativistic effects as well as electromagnetics effects in the U(1) CED sense,
obviously a dramatic expansion of the entire field of measures and
countermeasures is entailed.
We believe these LWI weapons may be
what was referred to by U.S. Defense Secretary Cohen as follows:
"Others are engaging even
in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off
earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves… So
there are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in
which they can wreak terror upon other nations…It's real, and that's the reason
why we have to intensify our
efforts." Secretary of
Defense William Cohen at an April 1997 counterterrorism conference sponsored by
former Senator Sam Nunn. DoD News Briefing, Secretary of Defense William S.
Cohen, Q&A at the Conference on Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and
U.S. Strategy, University of Georgia, Athens, Apr. 28, 1997.
EDGE
WAVES
In
electromagnetics, waves that form parallel to a material edge.
EDISON, THOMAS
ALVA
Noted American inventor,
1847-1900, whose staggering number of inventions included the storage battery,
electric light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures, and carbon
microphone.
E-FIELD (ELECTRIC FIELD)
The
electric field or electric intensity E.
That field on a spinning charged mass which produces an electrical force
resulting in a linear motion of the charge.
See also discussion under
c,
above.
E-FIELD,
MOTIONAL
In
classical EM theory, the electric field produced by moving a conductor in a
magnetic field. Often called motional inductance of the field.
In
the orthodox theory, motional inductance is deemed to be identical to the
inductance caused by a time rate of change of the magnetic field, experienced by
the moving conductor.
E-FIELD,
STATIC
In orthodox theory, the electric field in the space surrounding a static charged particle, induced by the presence of the charged particle.
In classical EM, there is no notion as to the causative mechanism for this static field of and from a charge, which implicitly is assumed to just continuously create and pour out EM energy in all directions, thus grossly violating energy conservation.. Consideration of this anomaly leads to what has been called the most pressing problem in both quantal and classical electrodynamics: the question of the formation of the fields and potentials associated with the "source charge".
For a full solution to this problem, see my "Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole," Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer 2000, p. 11-23. Also on this website.
EHRENHAFT,
FELIX
Scientist
who performed numerous experiments believed to demonstrate fractional
charges.
EINSTEIN,
ALBERT
German
(Jewish) physicist, 1879-1955, who
emigrated to the U.S. and formed special and general relativity theory,
discovered and formed the theory of Brownian motion, recommended the development
of the atomic bomb to President Roosevelt, and profoundly affected the course of
science and the modern world.
EINSTEIN-de HAAS
EFFECT
The
rotation observed in a freely hanging ferromagnet when it becomes
magnetized.
It has been used in the Einstein-de Haas method to determine the gyromagnetic ratio of a ferromagnetic material by suspending a cylinder of the material from a torsion fiber and measuring the angular displacement of the cylinder when its magnetization is reversed.
EINSTEIN, PODOLSKY, AND ROSEN
PARADOX
Thought
experiment in 1935 for measuring two correlated photons separated and at distant
locations, protesting that quantum mechanics requires that the particles
communicate instantly, which is a "spooky action-at-a distance" (Einstein's
phrase).
The experiment eventually was performed and it works, just as required by quantum mechanics. The paradox inspired the development of hidden-variable theories.
EINSTEIN'S POSTULATES
(1) All the laws of physics are
equally valid in all inertial frames of
reference,
(2) the speed of light is the
same to every inertial observer, and
(3) the observable local effects
of a gravitational field are indistinguishable from those arising from
acceleration of the frame of reference.
The first is called the special
relativity principle, the second is called the law of light propagation, and the
third is called the equivalence principle. It is now known that postulates (1)
and (2) are not independent of each other. Note that the third postulate implies
that any local force is due to a "gravitational field" (acceleration of the
frame of reference). It also implies that gravitational force has a mechanism,
since quantum mechanics assigns a differential operator, operating upon a
potential, to create every force. By extended inference, it can be seen that the
third postulate also implies that there should exist a method to turn any type
of force (field) into gravitational force (field).
The Russian physicist Sakharov has
strongly postulated that gravitation is not even a fundamental field of physics,
of the kind used by Maxwell in his electrodynamics. Instead, in this view G-field is always comprised of, and
made from, other fields and interactions upon them. Indeed, such has always been
implicit in general relativity, it just took Sakharov to formally propose it. E.
g., see A. D. Sakharov, "Vacuum Quantum Fluctuations in Curved Space and the
Theory of Gravitation," Soviet Physics
Doklady, Vol. 12, No. 11, 1968, p. 1040-1041 [English translation.]
Sakharov's article (in Russian) in Doklady. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vol. 177,
1967, p. 70-71.
Now let us do a little "tinkering"
with Einstein's postulates. For the first one, we point out that in the new
approach using dimensioning and subspaces, the notion of an inertial frame now
has acquired additional complexity! The "gross translation" effects—which tends
to be what physics ultimately focuses upon—can remain the same, and yet vacuum
engines can be buried up inside the inertial frame to act upon a mass in
non-translating ways. Everything translation-wise can remain the same, but now
matter can be transmuted and transformed, etc., still right there in an inertial
frame. So when the infolded
electrodynamics inside all fields, potentials, and waves are utilized, the
notion of "inertial frame" has acquired a higher topology and then one inertial
frame may differ very substantially from another inertial frame. This of course
move one from special relativity into full general relativity, and even there
into a slight extension. Special
relativity can remain special relativity on the surface, and yet effects occur
"within" the objects postulated to exist in this inertial frame. The "inertial
frame" concept in the postulates is now just a sort of special "equilibrium
case" of a higher topology "inertial frame" notion.
The second postulate now stands as a
"special case" of a far more general second postulate. It actually defines (and
limits) "light" to bulk changes in the entire vacuum potential magnitude. It
only applies to light signals which are "bulk upheaval" disturbances of the
vacuum potential (spacetime). Specifically it need not apply to the "inner EM/GR
realm" of longitudinal EM waves infolded inside the vacuum potential, other
potentials, signal carriers, etc. Superluminal communication is now included in
this "hidden variable" communication. The Fogal semiconductor is in fact capable
of infolding and outfolding EM signals, including producing the internal
longitudinal EM waves, and during their infolded state these signals are
permitted to move at superluminal velocity.
So the second postulate needs to be
restated to include the present statement as a special case. Notice that the
concepts "light" and "speed of light" have now taken on much richer, extended
meanings, since there is "outfolded" light and "infolded" light, so to speak.
Light now is not just the "external perturbation wave" in the ambient vacuum
potential medium (in flat spacetime).
Instead, it can also be an "internal perturbation longitudinal wave"
inside a "net flat spacetime" which does not show on the "surface" at all.
Indeed, it may move in the time dimension or in 3-space. It now includes the transmission of an
extraordinary "vacuum engine" as well as the usual transmission of just an
ordinary signal.
And these infolded vacuum engines
can be visualized as very special sets of longitudinal EM waves and their
dynamics, consistent with the Whittaker decomposition. His U(1) symmetry electrodynamics
decomposition—particularly when enriched in the higher symmetry O(3)
electrodynamics—applies to the ambient vacuum as a potential (it is a potential
since it has energy density). So
the "subspace" inside spacetime, so to speak, is just a set of LWs and their
dynamics, and that subspace itself is engineerable, just as is the "bulk
curvature of spacetime" itself.
Further, we may now consider space itself is just a vast superhighway for
such superluminal LWs and their dynamics.
Mass is mostly empty space with only an occasional particle here and
there and with fields, potentials, and waves in between. Hence huge masses such as the ocean and
earth are actually superhighways for the direct passage of longitudinal EM
waves, "engines", etc. The degree
of "transparency" is a function of the degree of cleanness of the
LWs.
The third postulate has also been
dramatically extended and requires revision. As presently stated, antigravity
effects do not appear to be included in present physics heretofore. The
"gravitational effects and external accelerated effects" notion in conventional
physics is still founded purely on ordinary bulk translation. Now it need
not be. For example, the system can appear to be an ordinary system, as judged
by normal "external light" observation. Yet its internal vacuum engines can
cause local violation of most so-called "laws of nature." The reason a "law of nature" can be
violated is that one is now able to violate the premises upon which it is
postulated, and which are required to hold if the law is to hold. Or another way to look at it: any
conservation law is the result of a symmetry. Breaking that symmetry allows violation
of that specific conservation law.
So as we've said so many times
before, the infolded EM inside the
"conventional" EM fields, waves, and potentials—and inside the vacuum potential
and spacetime itself—dramatically changes the present theories of
electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and general relativity. Further, for the
first time the Sachs unified field theory allows an engineering approach which
simultaneously crosses, includes, and extends all three disciplines in the
required manner. The approach can
be placed into good engineering models based on the Sachs work, particularly
using the O(3) electrodynamics subset spearheaded by Evans, and the models can
be tested and verified or falsified.
EINSTEIN'S GENERAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY
Mathematical theory of
gravitation in which the gravitational force is mathematically described by a
curvature in space or spacetime.
In other words, the geometry and its
dynamics have become physical agents.
It is important to note that, in
general relativity, the curvature of spacetime acts on mass-energy, and changes
in or to mass-energy interact back upon spacetime to change its
curvature.
Further, we consider that an exact
pattern of curvatures of spacetime and their dynamics exists for every mass
system and its dynamics. This is
the engine concept. The most
general way to engineer matter is not by brute force translation, but by forming
spacetime engines. Once formed,
these engines act upon any mass placed in the engine region, to eliminate the
deltas existing in that mass's resident engine and the impressed engine. The curvature of spacetime itself
furnishes the energy for the continuing action upon the mass, once we pay to
form the engine. The mass can be
acted upon at any level, from its gluons and quarks to its nuclei, to its atoms,
its lattice forces and binding energy, etc. Significantly, the Sachs theory applies
to physical reality from beneath the quarks and gluons to the entire universe,
and folds in quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and general relativity into a
single unified field theory that is (in theory) engineerable by higher symmetry
electrodynamics means.
ELECTRIC FIELD
The conventional definition is this: "1. a
region in space in which a stationary electric charge experiences a force due to
its charge. 2. the electric force per unit test charge." Dictionary of Science and Technology,
ibid., p. 720. That definition is flawed. Consider the "spatial aspects" of part
1. If an electric field is defined as a force per unit charge, it is not a
region in massless space but is an effect of something existing in massless
space and interacting with the charged mass. The electric field prior to interaction is indeed related
to a region in space, because it is identically a curved spacetime region. In the Sachs approach, general
relativity and electrodynamics have become one and the same. So prior to interaction, the field as it independently exists prior to
interaction with charge has become a curved spacetime region, and the field
is purely a spacetime curvature
effect. The interaction with mass to produce a force on and of that mass (mass
is a component of force, and there is no such thing as a massless force) is a
separate consideration from the field as it exists in space prior to
interaction. The result of
this entity's interaction with charged mass has nothing to do with what an electric field is; but with what it does to charged mass. Further,
the force evidenced on a charged particle is not due to its charge; it has that
charge always, whether or not there is a net force evidenced on
it!
Part 2 is a little better. The only
problem is, it totally disagrees with the entity existing in space prior to
interaction. In other words, here
it's a "force on a charge", which is an effect occurring after the
interaction. Again, it is what the
field does or accomplishes, not what
it is. Hopefully the reader can now begin to
see what terrible difficulties await anyone who seriously attempts foundations definitions. Feynman sums it up admirably in one of
his famous statements: "Everything we know is only some kind of
approximation, therefore, things must be learned only to be unlearned again or,
more likely, corrected." An additional difficulty is that the
very notion of a separate massless force independent of the mass on which it
operates, is fictitious, yet continues to be widely used. Recalling that any true definition is an
identity and not an equation, let us start with the definition of force:
F º d/dt(mv). As
can be seen, force is a system comprised of (i) a mass component and (ii) a
nonmass component. The force is not something separate from the mass, at all!
Further, force is not even unitary. It's a system comprised of two coupled
components; the mass and a coupled (interacting) gradient in a potential flux.
Note that v involves motion through, and
interaction with, the virtual flux comprising the vacuum potential. Note that
dv/dt involves a gradient in that
flux interaction with the mass. Unfortunately mechanics is still using the
medieval concept of a "separate force acting upon a separate mass." That is
wrong, unless we change the fundamental definition of force itself. See, e.g.,
Robert Bruce Lindsay and Henry Margenau, Foundations of Physics, Dover
Publications, New York, 1963, p. 283, where the authors emphasize that a "field
of force" at any point is actually defined only for the case when a unit mass is
present at that point. The reason
can be seen: mass is a necessary component of force, and without mass present
there cannot be a force present.
ELECTRIC DIPOLE
See Dipole.
ELECTRODYNAMICIST
A specialist in
electrodynamics,
...the physics of the relationships
between electric, magnetic, and mechanical phenomena—and especially a specialist
in electrodynamics theory.
It should be pointed out that
essentially all electrodynamicists are versed in U(1) electrodynamics, and a
much smaller number are versed in more advanced electrodynamics such as O(3)
symmetry electrodynamics, unified field theory electrodynamics, non-Abelian
electrodynamics, etc. The
electrodynamics field is actually a very vast field indeed, touching everything
in physics. Very often, when one
needs a particular electrodynamics problem solved, it calls for a special
category of electrodynamicist and not just an electrodynamicist in general. One must therefore sometimes examine the
background of the electrodynamicist making a statement or a pronouncement:
electrodynamicists after all do have differing views and differing disciplines
within the field.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE
(EMP)
A sharp pulse of electromagnetic radiation
produced when an explosion occurs in an unsymmetrical environment, especially at
or near the earth's surface or at high altitudes.
Essentially the same as an electromagnetic
shock wave, a wave of great intensity which results when waves with different
intensities propagate with different velocities in a nonlinear optical
medium. An EMP is also produced
when two intense longitudinal scalar electrostatic potential wave patterns meet
and couple into a sudden flash of vector EM energy.
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SMOG
The background of extremely weak
EM radiation that fills the normal modern environment, particularly in developed
nations.
The individual signals are too weak
to individually produce effects of any significance in biological systems. However, in a dense EM smog environment
with 500,000 signals per square meter per second, the signal complex and its
nonlinearity begin to produce highly nonlinear effects in biological
systems. These effects also produce
damage that may cumulate over a long period of time, including for years. This bioeffects area has largely not
been investigated by EM bioeffects scientists.
It should be pointed out that
electric lines, telephone lines, transmission lines, etc. act as long wire
antennas to detect and propagate such very weak EM signal noise. Essentially all the radiators in the
environment—including electronics equipment, TV stations, radio stations,
factory machinery, etc.—thus produce very weak signals picked up by these long
line antennas and piped into every home, factory, neighborhood,
etc.
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
(EMF)
A
difference of potential created by sources of electrical energy—i.e., by
separated charges (dipoles)—which can be utilized to drive electrical currents
through external circuits. Also,
open circuit voltage, or the limit of the potential difference between the
source's terminals as the current in the external circuit approaches
zero.
Poorly named. Also quite confused in the standard theory and usage. First, emf is not a force at all. It is a difference in potential, hence it is measured in volts. Also, it is not considered an E-field, since that is a field of force. Yet it is in fact a , restricted to the direction between the two measurement points, and is considered to be an E-field in the theory!
For this reason the standard theorists say that the term is sometimes used as equivalent to a difference in potential, but that strictly speaking it should be applied only to a source of electrical energy! The problem is that conventional theorists are unaware that a potential is a bidirectional flow of energy in 3-space, where the energy enters from the time-domain (complex plane). Since they are unaware that a potential is hidden negentropic energy flow process involving broken 3-symmetry and viable 4-symmetry, the theorists are unable to consider the potential in general as a source of energy flow. Yet they are forced to consider a potential difference across the terminals of a source as "somehow a flow of energy, that generates forces upon the electrons to propel them through the circuit as current flow."
In
the new viewpoint, a resolution is achieved of these incongruities by more
accurately defining the E-field with respect to the potential as E [q]/q. It is noted that [dA/dt]q/q also produces an E-field, so
that the full definition of the E-field is as E [(+dA/dt)q]/q. However, one volt represents one
joule (of excess energy) per coulomb of charge. The energy density flow in an electric
circuit is in the voltage, in the emf, and it is not in the current per
se. The electron current (drift
current) carries the excess energy that is being dissipated as work in the
circuit, but in a nominal circuit the drift current only moves a few inches per
hour. Half the energy is dissipated
in the external circuit and external losses, and half is dissipated in forcing
spent electrons in the ground return line back up through the back-emf of the
source, performing work inside the source to dissipate its separation of
charges. Left alone, any dipole
will furnish emf indefinitely, freely receiving the energy from the time domain
(complex plane) and outputting it in 3-space. The free flow of EM energy will continue
unabated from the undestroyed dipole, regardless of how many external loads and
losses are powered (how much energy is collected and dissipated from the ongoing
flows representing the potential).
So electrical circuits should be developed which allow little or no
electrons to be forced back up through the dipole to dissipate its separation of
charges and destroy the dipole.
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE, BACK (BACK
EMF)
Back emf is a loose term used for the counter-electromotive
force.
When the source is powering a circuit or
circuit element, the term "back emf" is used to refer to the forcing of current
(electrons) back up through the source against its emf, thereby performing work
inside the source to dissipate its separation of charges (its dipolarity). When a potential source of electrical
energy—such as a capacitor, an inductor, or a rotating machine—is receiving
energy from the source and converting it to dissipative power and work, that
"powered" device is said to develop a counter-emf. A source has a built-in emf a priori, that is holding its charges
separated so that it is dipolar.
When electron current is forced backwards through the source through its
built-in counter-emf, and backwards against its emf, work is performed against
the internal resistance of the source to dissipate its separation of charges,
thereby dissipating the source. If
electron current is not allowed to flow back up through the source against its
back emf and through its built-in counter-emf, no dissipation of the source
occurs, even though energy density (not electron current dq/dt but energy flow
d/dt) is flowing from the source and can be
collected in collectors in the external circuit to store the energy as a
created local energy source. This collected energy can then be shuttled to a
separate load circuit and released, to provide a "heat pump" cycling operation
and overunity coefficient of performance.
Nikola Tesla in fact knew how to shuttle
energy in a circuit in such fashion, as Barrett's quaternion analysis of Tesla's
actual patented circuits has revealed.
[See T.W. Barrett, "Tesla's Nonlinear Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit
(OSC) Theory," Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, 16(1), 1991, p.
23-41.] Note that a rigorous
analysis of those same circuits, using tensors or vectors, will not show the
effect.
When the original source dipole is not
dissipated because electron current is not passed back up through its back-emf
to scatter the charges, the original source dipole will continue to furnish emf
indefinitely.
The terms emf and counter-emf are normally
applied only to recognized sources of electricity. Emf is applied as the algebraic sum of
the potential differences acting in a circuit attached to a source. Back-emf (counter-emf) is applied as the
potential difference internally through the source, between its terminals. Its main application is thought to be a
powered device or component in the
circuit. Actually, its main
application is to prevent COP>1.0 electrical power systems from being
developed and utilized.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
(EMG)
A diagnostic application which detects
changes in electrical potentials associated with muscle
contractions.
Specific electrical patterns have been
associated with specific abnormal states (e.g., denervated muscle), but the
method has not yet been systematically developed beyond this
application.
ELECTRON
Stable elementary particle in all
atoms, and having a negative charge of 1.602´10-19 coulombs, spin
½, and mass of 9.11´10-31
kilograms.
ELECTRON
GAS
A system of electrons with only weak interactions so that the electrons may be regarded as moving independently.
Thus,
in many ways, that collection of electrons can be treated as a gas. Also see discussion under Drude Electron
Gas.
ELECTRO-OPTICS
A technology in which electrons are focused
and steered as if they were light.
Examples are the cathode ray tube (CRT) and the electron
microscope.
ELECTRO-POLLUTION
Also called electromagnetic smog and electronic smog. The conglomerate or maze of EM fields
and radiations that are produced by technologies such as electric power
transmission and radio transmission, and that can have long term cumulative
harmful effects on humans.
The new viewpoint dramatically extends the
types of fields and effects involved, and gives entirely new mechanisms for the
interaction of EM fields and radiation with biological systems, including
cumulative effects, signal-density effects, and vacuum engine effects. A mechanism for long term causation of
cancer and leukemia by electro-pollution is derivable in the new
approach.
As an example, even though the myriad of
very weak EM signals comprising the electro-pollution are individually tiny,
each when interacting at a local site with the body or its cells involves a
broken 3-symmetry and thus an involvement of 4-symmetry, with corresponding
giant negentropy. Further, the
Heaviside dark energy component accompanying that local field interaction will
in turn interact with essentially all the other locations of the body. Each of these interactions involves
broken 3-symmetry and involvement of 4-symmetry. The result of the large complex of
broken 4-symmetries constitutes a direct structuring in the time domain, hence
weak time-pumping and weak time-charging.
Time charge excitation decays only very slowly, emitting longitudinal EM
waves inside the body as the charge decays.
Over a long period of time (sometimes
years), this "time-hash" or "time-jamming" upon the operation of the master
cellular control system, the immune system, and the cellular regeneration system
is cumulatively detrimental. In
this way, effects such as leukemia, cancer, etc. may be gradually
"kindled". However, there have been
no real scientific laboratory "cause and effect" investigations of this
phenomenology at all. Nonetheless,
the results will and do show in epidemiology studies, which are then attacked by
orthodox scientists (many employed directly or indirectly by the power industry,
etc.) on the grounds that no laboratory cause and effect evidence has been
shown.
In short, this is one of the areas where
the lack of scientific cause and effect laboratory evidence—because such
experiments have not even been done—is improperly used to negate real scientific
work showing deleterious effects that powerful interests do not wish
shown.
ELECTRO-RETINOGRAPHY
(ERG)
A diagnostic application that monitors
changes in electrical potentials across the retina to assess eye movements.
This is almost the only method available
for noninvasive monitoring of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.
ELECTROSTATIC
COOLING
To be
added
ELECTROSTATIC SCALAR
POTENTIAL
A static (stationary) ordering in
the virtual photon flux of vacuum.
The word "static" is unfortunate and should
be replaced by "stationary", since the underlying active vacuum medium is always
in violent motion, and there is nothing truly "static" in the universe. But an equilibrium condition can exist,
even in violent motion, so that a stationary entity persists. An example is a perfect whirlpool in a
river.
ELF
Extremely Low
Frequency.
Used to describe EM fields whose
frequencies lie in the range from just above 0 Hz (direct current) to 300
Hz. This includes power line
frequencies (60 Hz in U.S. and 50 Hz in Europe) and frequencies used by certain
U.S. military ELF communication systems such as for submerged
submarines.
EM
Electromagnetics.
EMF
Electromotive
force. See discussion under that
term.
EM FIELD
Electromagnetic field. In its loose usage, it refers in a very
broad way to any field, force, or energy associated with electromagnetic
interactions, charges and currents.
Thus "EM field" includes electrostatic
fields, magnetostatic fields, electromagnetic fields (including radiation and
induction), vector-potential and scalar-potential fields, Hertz potentials,
Fitzgerald potentials, Whittaker potentials, etc.
In its precise usage, "EM field"
conventionally refers to an EM "force" field, such as the
E-field, D-field, B-field, H-field. In classical electromagnetics (CEM), as
a holdover from the old assumption of a material ether, the force fields are
considered (erroneously) to exist in mass-free space, and they are also
considered to be the primary causes of electromagnetic phenomena. This is a non sequitur, and it involves
substituting the effect for the cause.
In the new viewpoint, the force fields do
not exist in vacuum, but only in and on and of the charged particles themselves,
where mass is present to form one component of the force. The force fields are therefore effects
and not primary causes. The primary
causes of all electromagnetic phenomena is taken to be the potentials; however,
the hidden Stoney/Whittaker/Ziolkowski internal structures of gradient-free
scalar potentials may interfere to cause potential gradients in and on charged
particle systems. This therefore
includes distance-free scalar potential interferometry and action at a distance,
as well as vacuum engines.
The new view uses Sachs' unified field
theory, and considers that the EM field in the vacuum, or an EM potential in the
vacuum, is a curvature of spacetime function. Thus the new view is a unified field
theory where GR has become EM and EM has become GR, and where EM can involve or
produce gravitational, temporal, and inertial effects as well.
EM FORCE FIELD IN THE VACUUM (A FALSE
CONCEPT)
The erroneous notion that there
exist forces in the vacuum, so that the set of forces at a set of spatial points
forms a force field.
This ignores the fact that mass is a
component of force, and the presence of a force requires the presence of a mass.
When Maxwell formed his electrodynamics theory, he and almost everyone else
believed that a thin material ether pervaded empty space. Thus there was a
"material medium" in which electromagnetic fields existed, and so it followed
that real forces existed in this material medium, from point to point. Indeed,
to the early electrodynamicists there was no point in all the universe where
mass was absent.
Heaviside, Hertz, and Gibbs reduced
Maxwell's 20 quaternion equations to the present four vector equations, but did
not change the force field in space
assumption used by Maxwell. Heaviside detested the "mystical" potentials favored
by Maxwell, and believed they were figments of one's imagination. He regarded
the forces as the primary EM causes.
Yet even while Heaviside et al. were retranslating and
topologically reducing Maxwell's theory dramatically, the Michelson-Morley
experiment in the 1880s had already destroyed the material ether on which those
same force fields were based.
Physicists, however, have continued
to use the notion of a separate force acting on a separate mass, which of course
is also a non sequitur, substituting effect for cause yet again. Hence the foundations of physics remain
fundamentally fouled.
For a succinct discussion of
potentials versus forcefields as the primary EM causes, see Y. Aharonov and D.
Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory," Physical Review, Second Series, 115(3), 1959, p. 485-491. See also Y.
Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Further considerations on electromagnetic potentials in
the quantum theory," Physical
Review, 123(4), Aug. 15, 1961, p. 1511-1524.
EM GENERATRIX
Whatever generates
electromagnetics, particularly the fields.
Time is the ultimate EM generatrix.
Whittaker showed in 1904 that the
interferometry of two scalar potentials (i.e., of their hidden multiwave
structures) can create all classical EM fields, no matter how complex, thereby
starting a branch of electrodynamics known as superpotential theory. See E. T. Whittaker, “On an Expression of the Electromagnetic
Field Due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions,” Proc.
Lond. Math. Soc., Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372. The paper was published in 1904 and
orally delivered in 1903.
In 1903 Whittaker showed that any
scalar potential (e.g. between the ends of a dipole) can be decomposed into a
harmonic set of phase conjugate EM longitudinal wavepairs. The present author applied the Whittaker
decomposition to the scalar potential between the ends of a dipole, and pointed
out that the conjugate half-set may be taken as converging EM waves from the
complex plane (the time domain), while the real half-set may be taken as
diverging EM longitudinal waves emitted from the dipole in all directions in
3-space. The dipole is a known
broken 3-symmetry in the dipole's violent virtual energy exchange with the
vacuum; hence this shows that breaking 3-spatial symmetry allows nature to fall
back to a more primary 4-symmetry.
Hence energy flow conservation is violated in 3-space, but is rigorously
obeyed in 4-space. Further, the
free flow of 3-spatial energy from the dipole continues so long as the dipole
exists.
The dipole thus is a true negative
resistor, receiving EM energy in unusable form (from the complex plane; i.e.,
the time domain), transforming it into usable energy, and outputting the usable
energy. This is also the
fundamental mechanism for extracting unlimited EM energy from the seething
vacuum, taking the energy from the time domain via the giant negentropy
mechanism. See my paper, "Giant
Negentropy from the Common Dipole," ibid.
This also means that the source of
all EM 3-spatial energy is from the time domain, and is due to broken
3-symmetry. The ultimate EM
generatrix is thus time. The
ability of a bit of broken 3-symmetry (such as formation of a simple
dipole) to initiate a continuing
and ongoing flow of free EM energy via the 4-symmetry between time-energy and
spatial energy, means that negentropic engineering, once we get the
hang of it, is far easier than our present entropic engineering. In essence, we have to learn how to do
electrical engineering all over again, from a much more fundamental point of
departure.
EMI (ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE)
Disturbances of electronic equipment's
operation by intrusion of extraneous EM signals from outside sources. Also, disturbances of the operation of
one or more subsystems of an electronic system by intrusion of undesired signals
from other subsystems.
EMI,
ANOMALOUS
An "ad hoc" term denoting an unexpected
nonlinear optical functioning process in a dense signal environment whereby
nonlinearities on the skin of a vehicle or cover of an equipment become pumped
phase conjugate mirrors, so that they emit amplified phase conjugate replicas
(PCRs)—of signals and fields impinging upon the skin or covering and the
nonlinearity from electronic circuitry operating
inside.
By the distortion correction theorem, these
amplified PCRs precisely backtrack the signal waves that impinged upon
the phase conjugate mirror from inside the vehicle or electronics, back to the
original source of the internal signal. The result is the scavenging of
energy from the dense electronic signal environment and sharply focusing and
directing it into the operating circuits of the internal electronics. Thus internal signals, often amplified,
start sporadically appearing through the circuits. These sporadic jamming signals due to
the anomalous EMI effect are known as EMI
fireflies.
Such EMI fireflies were resoundingly
experienced in U.S. missiles and aircraft in the U.S. air attack on Libya in
1986. Although some of the
anomalous EMI effects could have been produced by the unusually dense EM signal
environment and poor hardening of circuits and electronics, it is believed that
the weak jamming was also a test being conducted of a laboratory prototype
Russian quantum potential weapon.
This weapon appears to have been finished
and deployed at the end of 1989, and then utilized against Allied forces in the
Gulf War, accounting for the Gulf War Disease. We have previously explained why
British, Canadian, and American soldiers acquired the disease, why the native
populace did not, and why the French troops did not.
Inside the human body, the anomalous EMI
effects may be used to produce time-charging and delayed interference with the
immune system, the master cellular control system, and the cellular regeneration
system. By using dimensioned
signals, the targeted systems can be specifically and deterministically affected
as desired, for any set of disease damage types and symptomology desired. So the technology may be used to induce
a "cocktail" mix of various infectious disease damage types. The induced time-charging effects—where
the time-charge is dimensioned—followed by longitudinal EM wave emissions from
the time-charges as they decay in the veteran's body, can induce the same or
similar symptoms and damage in close family members exposed to the weak but
dimensioned longitudinal EM radiation.
This applies not only to wives but also to family members such as
children often in close proximity to the veteran. In addition, exchange of bodily fluids
from the veteran to his spouse can directly induce the symptoms in the spouse
since those fluids are themselves still time-charged (with dimensioned time
charge) and slowly decaying.
ENDOTHERMIC
EXPLOSION
An EM implosion, resulting in explosive
electrostatic cooling. The sudden,
explosive reversal of electromagnetic energy scattering in a spacetime area so
that the local EM heat energy is converted back to a negative potential. In this manner, explosive electrostatic
cooling occurs in the area.
Endothermic EM explosion occurs by pulsed
scalar Whittaker interference of two longitudinal EM wavesets beamed from two LW EM transmitters. The distant transmitters of the LW
interferometer must have their local electrical grounds biased well below the
ambient zero potential in the distant interference zone (IZ). Whittaker internal EM waves radiate
through subspace (the LW superhighways inside EM fields, potentials, and waves
in mass) from the transmitter to the interference zone, and also from the
interference zone back to the negatively biased transmitter/receiver, emerging
there as ordinary electromagnetic scattering energy or heat. All normal explosions are exothermic in
nature, and ordinary electromagnetic heat energy is radiated away. A scalar EM
interferometer/howitzer, however, may produce an endothermic explosion (an
energy implosion) at a distance, explosively extracting the heat energy at the
implosion site and receiving the energy back at the transmitter site for
disposal.
The same LW interferometer can also produce
an exothermic explosion in the distant interference zone, merely by positively
biasing the electrical chassis grounds of the scalar EM potential transmitters
and pulsing the transmission.
Negative biasing of the transmitters' electrical chassis grounds and a
pulsed transmission result in an endothermic explosion in the distant
interference zone.
ENDOTHERMIC LONGITUDINAL EM WAVE
INTERFEROMETRY
Extraction of EM energy from a distant
intersection area by a scalar interferometry whose electrical grounding is
biased well below the ambient potential in the distant interference
zone.
The result is a cooling of the interference
zone, and heat energy emerging at the transmitters.
ENERGETICS
The Russian term for what I have
called advanced higher-symmetry electromagnetics,
...using artificially constructed
Whittaker internal biwave structures to make activated potentials that have
specific, desired "vacuum engines", where the EM field is a curvature of
spacetime function, and thus involving a unified field theory that is
engineerable by novel electrodynamic means.
I believe that the closest Western
work approaching the Russian energetics science is the O(3) higher symmetry
electrodynamics pioneered by Evans, particularly when combined with Sachs'
unified field theory as an important subset. The other closest Western work would
seem to be the important work of Barrett in SU(2)´SU(2) symmetry
electrodynamics.
The activated potential containing
the infolded vacuum engine structures is said to have been dimensioned. These dimensioned
potentials can be combined to form EM carrier waves which contain the hidden
vacuum engines. These vacuum engines, scalar Whittaker EM interferometry, and
activation of vacua and matter are used to perform unified field
engineering.
Russian energetics also adds the
formation and use of the quantum potential, enabling
(i) instantaneous
action at a distance with multiple separated target nodes, (ii) essentially
limitless direct energy amplification in the assembly of receiving nodes,
without additional energy input at the initiating node, and (iii) engineering of
hidden variables inside distant targets, instantaneously, without transmission
as such through space. The quantum
potential itself can be dimensioned,
so that vacuum engines can be instantaneously transmitted into distant targets,
altering their local spacetimes to contain the desired engine(s). Note that no
intervening barrier can "impede" or "shield" a quantum potential because it does
not travel through space as such; it just appears everywhere at once in the
space where it will be.
Adding to classical EM theory,
general relativity, and quantum mechanics the internal EM energy in the scalar
EM potential will generate a superset of each discipline. These three new
supersets are unified in their common internal EM energy subset. As a bonus
mind, personality, memory, and deep biological cellular and system control are
also available, since the internal time-energy domain is used by biological
systems for these living functions. Energetics thus is an engineerable, unified
field theory of physics and metaphysics.
Russian energetics is largely still
a "secret" science, developed over the last five decades and highly weaponized.
In the Russian scheme the overall area is called energetics. It consists of three
subsets: (i) energetics, which
applies to nonliving systems, (ii) bioenergetics, which applies to the
physical bodies, cells, chemistry, genetics, etc. of living organisms, and
(iii) psychoenergetics, which
applies directly to the minds, personalities, memories, emotions, and
perceptions of living systems.
Russian energetics research, development, weapons, and weapon sites are
under the rigid control and operation of the KGB, by whatever name it may use
from time to time. The energetics
weapons are not in the regular Russian armed forces. Energetics weapons have been tested
worldwide for several decades, and this testing has been documented elsewhere by
the present author.
ENERGY
Usually erroneously defined as
the "capacity to do work".
The closest definition is: The invariance of that which is
varying. Note that this is
a 5-law logic definition and not an Aristotelian
definition.
Here we have a real bucket of worms.
This term is usually totally misdefined (as in the nostrum that "energy is the
capacity to work") in physics, which defines energy as the "ability to scatter
itself or change its own form" which obviously are not identities! A common
definition is given as "a quantity that describes the capacity to do work;
commonly divided into three major classifications: kinetic (dynamic) energy,
potential (static) energy, and radiant (electromagnetic) energy. Well, energy can be changed in form and
that is work. But energy is not the
"capacity to change its own form", but is its own form, as can be
seen.
Anyway, we'll have a go at a
definition perhaps a little more acceptable, though still imperfect. Then we'll discuss things a
bit.
Rigorously, energy is any deterministic or
coherent structuring, either dynamic or stationary, existing in the virtual
particle flux of vacuum.
While that sounds good, it is
still "the invariance of that which is varying." Ultimately, a thing is defined in terms
of its appositive.
The type of energy depends upon the type of
virtual particle(s) whose flux is selected. E.g., electromagnetic energy is a
deterministic or coherent structuring, either dynamic or stationary, in the
virtual photon flux of vacuum. Any trapped energy (ordering in the
vacuum virtual particle flux) is gravitational in nature, since trapped energy
is gravitational. In a mass, e.g.,
it is the trapped energy that is gravitational, not the mass per se, in the
modern view. Contrast the
definition of electromagnetic energy to the definition of an electrostatic
scalar potential (ESSP): The electrostatic scalar potential is a stationary trapped deterministic or coherent
dynamic wave-structuring of the virtual photon flux of vacuum. Thus it can be seen that the ESSP is a
special case of EM energy: the stationary trapped case. For this reason, a mass—which is
an enormous amount of statically trapped EM energy—may properly be considered as
an extremely dense EM potential, which we refer to as the mass potential.
A
potential is any trapped ordering or coherence, either static or dynamic, in the
virtual particle flux of vacuum. A
specific type of potential represents a selection of a particular virtual
particle's flux in the vacuum, and an ordering—either static or dynamic—imposed
in that flux.
However,
since the scalar potential is just the static ordering in the virtual particle
flux of vacuum, it follows that the scalar potential must contain—and in fact be
totally composed of—internal order. E. T. Whittaker showed the form of that
order in 1904. (See entry under
Whittaker, E. T.) The scalar
potential is composed of a harmonic series of pairs of antiparallel transverse
waves. The antiwave of each
wave/antiwave pair is a time reversed replica of the wave in that pair. In other words, the scalar potential is
a special type of Fourier harmonic frequency expansion, coupled with its own
phase conjugate present simultaneously.
Feynman said it bluntly: "It is important to realize that in physics
today, we have no knowledge of what energy is."
[Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands, Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, Vol. 1, 1964, p. 4-2.]
E.g., particularly see R. B.
Lindsay, "The concept of energy and its early historical development." Foundations of Physics, 1(4), 1971, p.
383-393. Lindsay investigates the concept of energy from its early historical
origin. The root of the concept is the notion of invariance in the midst of change.
Lindsay covers the concept and its evolvement (or lack thereof!) from ancient
times through the 18th century.
The real problem is that the notion
of energy implicitly involves the age-old unresolved philosophical problem of
change, posed by Heraclitus over 3,000 years ago and unresolved to this day. It cannot be solved within the realm of
3-law Aristotelian logic! One
way of posing it is something like this, after Heraclitus: "For a thing to
change, it must turn into something else. How can a thing be itself and
something else also? How can a thing have changed, and yet not have changed?"
The problem is that Aristotelian
logic has a serious flaw of omission; it actually implicitly assumes a fourth law, which
is the age-old philosopher's nightmare that, when a thing is pursued to the
limit, it invariably turns into its own
opposite. So in anguish the philosophers spoke of this nightmare as the
"accursed necessity for the identity of opposites."
I did resolve the philosophers'
nightmare some years ago, by adding a fourth law of logic to the Aristotelian
three, which completes and extends Aristotelian logic, and an application rule
which can be taken as a fifth law.
E.g., see Appendix III: "A Conditional Criterion for Identity, Leading to
a Fourth Law of Logic," in T. E. Bearden, AIDS: Biological Warfare, Tesla Book
Company, Chula Vista, California, 1988, p. 428-443. A simple proof of the fourth
law is given in that paper. For a much more elegant treatment of a higher
topology logic, which is also practical and useful beyond the limitations of
Aristotelian logic, see G. Spencer Brown, Laws of Form. Julian Press, New York,
1972. For a proper perspective on mathematics and on Aristotelian logic, see
Morris Kline, Mathematics: The Loss of
Certainty, Oxford University Press, New York,
1980.
It may be that, since by "identity"
we mean at least the identity of "left" and "right" different observations,
considering the left and right sides of the identity statement. If so, then already we involve a
violation of Aristotelian logic in the very notion of "definition". In short, ultimately we can only define
a thing in terms of an appositive in the first place. So we write an identity statement where
left and right are different sides, then state "Oh, no, they are the same thing
after all!" Said in that manner,
the problem can clearly be seen. In
one sense a definition is pure Zen, where no truth can be stated at all unless
the speaker says two exactly opposing things, and then waits for the recipient
to realize the truth that has been stated.
What this all means is that, since
"energy" (and any other definition, ultimately) involves a logical contradiction
in Aristotelian logic, we must "define" energy simultaneously in an appositive
ways: (i) in the wave view and (ii) in the particle view. However, we point out
that the notion of a "moving particle" is the notion of something considered
momentarily as fixed (i.e., the particle), but which is immediately thereafter
(in time snapshot #2) considered as moving. Notice that "moving" is changing,
and so it involves Heraclitus' problem of change a priori. The notion of a "moving wave" is also a
similar thing; i.e., "a wave" momentarily considers the entity as static and not
changing (in time snapshot #1), and in the next moment (time snapshot #2)
considers it as moving (changing). We can only point out this dichotomy for the
reader to reflect upon and hopefully to grasp. The conscious mind is a serial processor; it
is extremely fast but still perceives snapshot by snapshot, serially. It essentially has been fitted to the
single photon interaction, as has Aristotle's three laws of logic. The
problem is in the operation of conscious perception itself, not in nature which
is not limited to just serial processing.
The unconscious mind is a massively
parallel processor, so it can have many "different slides or snapshots in the
slide projector" at the same time. So with our conscious mind's perception
(Aristotelian logic is just a model of that, using single photon interaction as
the physical observation mechanism) we see in terms of "either-or". On the other
hand, with our unconscious we can also grasp the fact that single snapshot A can
be the same thing as a totally different snapshot B, if the rules of "decision
as to identity" are changed between snapshot A and snapshot B. Suppose that by
"identity" we mean "incapable of being discriminated between." Is a black marble
identical to a red marble, e.g.? It
is perceived so if you are color blind. It is perceived not to be identical if
you are not color blind. The point
is something that most philosophers missed or brushed aside: identity is not
absolute, but is "perceived identity".
Identity is the result of a decision operation, based on multiple
perceptions, recall from memory, and comparison of two remembered
perceptions. The most simple
form of comparison is simple subtraction.
The unconscious (massively parallel)
perception can handle both snapshots simultaneously. The conscious mind only can
see a single marble at a time, so it will see one or the other. In a third time interval it will recall from
memory the first perception, compare it with the memory of the second perception
(say, by simple detailed subtraction), and then decide whether object A is
perceived to be identical to object B. The unconscious (massively parallel
processor) can handle both the marble snapshots at the same time. It can see
both the identity of the two, to a color-blind "identity decision process" and
also the nonidentity of the two, to a color-sensitive "identity decision
process." Again, nature is not limited to the single-snapshot, serial perception
process of our conscious (serial) processor!
Unfortunately, in physics and
mathematics we seem to still be thoroughly confused on this very perception
issue. Brown's work may be the first work to straighten out the area of the
topology of the logic utilized. My own independent effort was successful but far
cruder than Brown's; Brown did it elegantly. We bring all this out because when
one deeply looks into foundations and true definitions, one will directly
confront the philosopher's nightmare and one's own conscious mind will never be
able to resolve the problem. One's unconscious can resolve it, but it requires a
certain "stretching of the realization" to harmonize monocular perception of the
conscious mind with multiocular perception of the unconscious
mind.
Just as a small example, the
question of "is it a wave or a particle" once raged as a great debate in
physics, and was never resolved.
Instead, physicists just finally shook hands and agreed to quit arguing
and fighting about it, and agreed to accept that the same entity could sometimes
act as a particle, and in other cases it could act as a wave, and that as it existed in the present, before
observation, it was somehow both a wave and a particle but we couldn't see
its true nation (in that fashion). The key, of course, is that the question was
posed in "either-or" form (Aristotelian logic form), and it cannot be answered
in that reduced logic. Instead, a higher topology logic is required. Brown's
logic answers it easily, as does my own four law superset of Aristotelian logic
(five law superset if we count the application rule as a separate law). In the
present, e.g., we have masstime and not mass. Just after a photon is emitted, we
have mass and not masstime. The latter photon emission process consummates
"observation." The point is, the true entity does exist in zero time as a
spatial entity. It is not a spatial
entity but is a spatiotemporal entity. If the "interaction" process tears off
its "time-tail," it is converted to a "spatial entity" (frozen snapshot) and
therefore seems to be a particle. If the "interaction" process does not remove
the time-tail, it remains a spatiotemporal entity and therefore seems to be a
wave. The concept of particle is
3-spatial concept. The concept of wave involves time also. No wave can exist and
"be a wave or wavelike" unless it has some time extension to "be waving" in!
The physicists debating the
wave-particle duality, you see, missed the most important point that no observable exists in time or persists, a
priori. Hence rigorously no
particle exists in time.
So we define energy (particle view)
as any virtual particle flux pattern, where that definition automatically
considers a single particle in translation as well as multiple particles in
their myriad of translations. We define energy (wave view) as any wave flux,
where that automatically considers a single wave in translation as well as
multiple waves in their myriad of translations. Now note that one is going to
have to deal with, and discriminate between, energy, energy flow, energy
collection, and collected-energy dissipation.
As the reader can see, whenever one
struggles with foundations issues, the problems get very complicated. We've beat this dead horse quite enough,
and leave the further beating to the reader!
ENERGY AMPLIFYING
COIL
A coil whose magnetic energy flow
input is first split into two energy flow inputs, each equal to the original
energy flow available from a magnetic source. Both the split energy flows then
interact simultaneously with the coil, amplifying its electrical energy output
compared to the conventional case where only a single energy flow interacts with
the coil.
In the motionless electromagnetic
generator (MEG), the curl of the magnetic vector potential of a permanent magnet
(i.e., its magnetic field), is extracted and held within the core material of a
special transformer, while the magnetic vector potential of the permanent magnet
is freely replenished in uncurled (field-free) magnetic vector potential form in
space around the core material.
Both the full magnetic field in the core and the full uncurled magnetic
vector potential in space adjacent to the core interact with each output coil of
the transformer. Hence a single
potential energy flow is "split" into two flows each equal to the original EM
energy flow, and both the parallel flows energetically interact with the output
coil. This increases the energy
interacting with the coil by this "dual interaction", so that the coil is said
to be an "energy amplifying coil".
ENERGY
COLLECTION/COLLECTING
In electromagnetics, exposure of
an interceptor/collector, e.g., a charged particle, into an impinging EM energy
flow, so that some of the flow is diverted around the intercepting
particle. We may say that the flow
of energy has been "reordered" in a stream around the diverting
charge.
Energy collection is not a thing
which "has been accomplished" and finished; instead, it is an ongoing
process.
Note now that, if you perform or
consider or impose any sort of ordering at all in the energy flow/flux,
rigorously you have just implied an energy collection/collecting process.
The energy part of a photon, e.g., would seem not to be "energy" per se.
Instead, it is an energy collection/collecting, and a time collection/collecting
as well. Yet that energy part is energy also! [Not to worry! Energy and
energy-collecting, contrasted as appositives, become identities at the extreme
boundary separating the two concepts. That boundary is the photon concept.
Aristotelian logic does not apply on the boundary, which violates the
Aristotelian law of the excluded middle.] More reasonably, a charged capacitor
does not have "stored energy" per se in it, in the sense of "so many chunks of
energy called joules". Instead, it
has an ongoing energy
collection/collecting process, where the asymmetry in the local vacuum flux
exchange, of the dipole across the capacitor plates, continually extracts and
"gates" a flow of EM energy from the capacitor dipole. That energy-flow bathes
all the trapped charges in the capacitor. The energy-flow interaction with the
trapped charges creates the
E-field and all the
rest.
The diverted part of the total
energy flow, is what is calculated in the "Poynting flow" or
S-flow.
ENERGY,
DISINTEGRATED
An ad hoc
term for the
energy of the incoherent virtual particles in the virtual particle
flux.
ENERGY DISSIPATION
Refers to the scattering or
disordering of energy.
This is somewhat of a misnomer,
broadly used in physics and somewhat erroneous.
Energy dissipation" per se does not mean that the energy is
destroyed. Instead, there is the
dissipation of the ordering (collected/collecting) of energy in which
the diversion (local ordering) process disappears. What we call the "dissipation
in space" of energy is rigorously the dissipation of the collection/collecting
in space of the energy. In short,
the energy is scattered, as in a resistive load, in all directions. But it is still there in space, just
disordered.
Recall that all EM energy at a
dipolarity comes directly from the time domain. It is the collecting process, not the
energy, that is dissipated from a point or a region. Only collected/collecting of energy can be
truly dissipated. With that understood, then dissipation of collected energy is
simply removing the "collector" from the energy density flow impinging upon it
to cause the collecting process to occur, or removing the flow of energy
impinging upon the collector so that it intercepts and diverges some of it
around itself.
So there are two ways in which this
"collected energy" dissipation can occur: (i) the collector is moved out of the
impinging energy-flow-stream, or (ii) the energy-flow-stream impinging on the
collector is reduced to zero. Note that "changing the form" of the energy—i.e.,
changing the collector and the type of collecting—involves both conditions (i)
and (ii). Thus energy is dissipated when the collector/collecting form is changed. In
the conventional, less accurate statement, work is performed when "the form of
the energy is changed." That now should be stated as "work is performed when the
collector in the energy-flow-stream is changed to a different collector, because
the first collector must be removed from the energy-flow-stream or the
energy-flow-stream must be removed from it.
In physics we also consider that
"positive" work by a body is work it does on something else, while "negative"
work is work done upon the body by something else. We specifically emphasize
that collection/collecting need not be a unitary, one-time occurrence! The EM
energy-flow impinging upon a collector roars on by it at something like the
speed of light. The entire flow is diminished by only about
10-13 (the nominal
energy collecting fraction) as it flows onto, and on beyond a coulomb of charge.
If that departing energy-flow is then retroreflected or otherwise returned to pass back through again,
additional energy collection/collecting can and does occur from it. This can be
repeated many times, particularly in an intensely-scattering, optically active
material. Also, after the collected
fraction of energy is dissipated, we can also retroreflect the scattered energy
flow back and reuse it again. This too can be repeated many
times.
So we must be careful of the present
work-energy theorem, which is a
special case and assumes only a single pass of the energy-flow in the
"collection/collection" of energy that "changes form." If we institute
additional passes, with additional "collection/collecting of energy, then we can
collect and "use" a little more energy from all that enormous energy-flow that
otherwise would escape us. If we dissipate some of the collected energy, then
also intercept the departing dissipated energy flow and return it, we can
collect some of the energy flow
again and then dissipate that new collection again. And so on.
One can permissibly get many joules of "work" from a single
joule of energy by iterative retroreflection, iterative re-collection, and
iterative dissipation, without violating the conservation of energy
law. This is one of the major secrets of
overunity energy processes. It is proven by the overunity or excess emission
(Letokhov was forced to call it "negative absorption of the medium" from an
intensely scattering, optically active medium, as in the Lawandy experiment and
in his patented process for lasing without population inversion. It is also
proven by Patterson's adaptation of anti-Stokes
emission.
Let's do a gedanken (thought)
experiment, where we do not even apply the nominal 10-13 energy
collection fraction. Let's just conventionally say "energy flow,"
"energy collection," and "energy dissipation," and ignore the "collection
fraction." Since we are talking theoretically, we can have a perfect
system. So we have a closed system,
which we open to input some energy into. The system then opens in the load to
dissipate all the energy back to the environment, thereby doing work. Now
suppose I passively (i.e., without any input energy of my own, by perfect
retroreflection) return all the dissipated energy back to the input once again.
We simply let it flow back in, the system collects it again, and then dissipates
it again—giving us the same amount of work we had the first time. Then we do it
again. And again. I think you get the picture. The fact that energy can neither
be created or destroyed, but only changed, means that the "same energy" can be
recycled over and over. One has to
have two different actions: one that changes the form of the energy so we get
some work, and the other that retroreflects and recovers the dissipated energy
(does negative work!) so that we can recycle it and dissipate it again. In
principle, by recycling of energy one can get many joules of work from a single
joule of energy. Nature does it every day! Every joule of energy formed at the
initial "Big Bang," is still with us. Every joule of it has on the average
already performed many joules of work since then. And as we stated, the
anti-Stokes emission process is a concrete example and demonstration that the
energy recycling process can be accomplished in physical systems, so that the
systems permissibly exhibit COP>1.0.
A most common example is the
replenishment of a potential. E.g.,
the magnetic vector potential can be curled as a B-field, and that B-field can be totally confined inside
a toroid, inside a long coil, or in certain magnetic core materials (as in the
motionless electromagnetic generator or MEG for short). The A-potential will be replenished as fast
as you withdraw the "total B-field"
from it. So outside the toroid or
the long solenoid, you will have as much
A-potential energy as you started with,
and the Aharonov-Bohm effect proves that the energy is there and will interact
with electrons. Meanwhile, in the
trapped B-field you also have drawn
off as much energy as ostensibly the A-potential contained in the first
place.
ENERGY,
ELECTROMAGNETIC
Any deterministic or coherent structuring,
either dynamic or static, existing in the virtual photon or charged particle
flux of vacuum.
Note that, since a photon may also be
considered a positron-electron pair, the flux of charged virtual electrons and
positrons is included in the flux of photons.
ENERGY FLOW
The passage of energy, in any
form, in one direction or generally in one direction.
Even though this "definition" is in
error, we now just bypass the unresolved "observables do not persist" problem
and the 4th law nature of change (e.g., motion) problem and
proceed.
Note that this energy flow may be
the overall movement of an omnidirectional energy flux, or it may be the
movement of waves, or both. It may be in the kinetic energy of a moving
mass. If the flow is everywhere the
same, or even approximately the same, we often speak of the entire "flow" as
just "energy." Often energy flow is also considered to have occurred from a
region of more intense energy flux to a region of less intense energy flux, and
vice versa. In other words, energy divergence or convergence is also considered
as energy flow. As can be seen, the usage
of the term "energy flow" is not precisely defined in physics! It isn't going to
be, at least not in ordinary Aristotelian logic
terms.
ENERGY FLUX
The passage of energy flow, in
any form, through a unit area, and in any direction (usually all
directions).
This includes both passage in a
single direction, or passage in multiple directions at
once.
ENERGY,
FREE
Any environment or entity which
freely emits, furnishes, or makes available energy which can be either collected
and used as furnished or transduced into usable form and collected and used to
power loads and do useful work.
The word "free" does not apply to
costs, but rather to the source of the energy. Of course the ideal is energy that is
both free for the taking (collecting and using) and also inexpensively taken and
used.
Implicit in the notion of free EM
energy from the vacuum are five key concepts: (1) the local vacuum/spacetime itself is
filled with EM energy of generally unusable form, (2) some sort of organizing
principle is utilized in one part of the circuit or system to cohere the vacuum
energy and transduce it into usable EM form, (3) a gating mechanism is utilized
to divert the vacuum energy in transduced usable EM form from the active vacuum
to the external circuits or load parts of a device, (4) the coherent gated extra
energy available in the external circuits or load parts is intercepted by those
circuits or load parts, couples to them, and potentializes them with extra EM
energy, so that the energy is collected by the system and regauges the system
asymmetrically, and (5) the external circuits or load parts then scatter or
dissipate the coupled extra energy to produce useful work, without destroying
the organizing and gating mechanism that is extracting and furnishing usable EM
energy from the vacuum.
ENERGY
SOURCE
A function or entity which
furnished energy.
Since energy cannot be created or
destroyed, there is really no such thing as a "source", though it is a term
commonly used. So called "energy
sources" actually gate energy, changing it from one form to another. As an example, all 3-space EM energy is
gated into 3-3-space from the time-domain.
To the gating entity or "source" of the 3-space EM energy, there is an
input of EM energy flow from the time domain (complex plane). The source must be a broken 3-symmetry in
energy flow, so that more primary
4-symmetry energy flow applies.
Hence the conservation law applies to the inflow of energy from the time
dimension and the outflow of energy in 3-space.
ENGINEERING,
ENTROPIC
Engineering or designing systems and
processes whose operation "spills" or wastes some
energy.
Entropic systems—which are the
products of entropic engineering—thus have COP<1.0 and function in
forward-time.
ENGINEERING,
NEGENTROPIC
Engineering or designing systems
and processes whose operation freely "receives" excess energy, so that they
output more energy than the operator inputs, the excess being received from the
external environment or other source.
ENTROPY
Thermodynamics term representing a measure of a system's capacity to undergo spontaneous change. In short, a quantity which measures the extent to which the energy of a system is unavailable to do work.
Entropy is given by dS = dQ/T, where dS is an infinitesimal change in entropy for a system absorbing an infinitesimal quantity of head dQ at absolute temperature T. In statistical mechanics, entropy is a measure of the disorder in a system and is given by S = k lnP + C, where S is the value of entropy (disorder) for a system in a given state, P is the probability of that state's occurrence, k is a fixed constant, and C is an arbitrary constant. Intuitively, the concept of entropy corresponds to the concept of disorder. We specifically call attention to the fact that the "S" used in representing entropy is not at all the S used for Poynting flow.
In physics, a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. Given by S = k ln g, where S is the entropy, k is the Boltzmann constant, and g is the total number of microstates available to the system. Sometimes stated as S = k ln (multiplicity).
Intimately connected with the Second Law of thermodynamics, which may be stated for the macroscopic case (after Baierlein) as follows: "If a system with many molecules is permitted to change, then—with overwhelming probability—the system will evolve to the macrostate of largest multiplicity and will subsequently remain in that macrostate. Stipulation: allow the system to evolve in isolation. (The stipulation includes the injunction, do not transfer energy to or from the system." [Ralph Baierlein, Thermal Physics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 29].
ENTROPY, NEGATIVE
(NEGENTROPY)
In a sense, the reversal of
disorder, or reversal of entropy.
Since the normal or forward flow of
time is entropic, negentropy is intimately related with time-reversal. This can be seen crudely this way: As a
physical thing exists in time, it decays, ages, deteriorates, etc. In short, its ordering as a viable
separate thing gets more and more disrupted. If it is then "reordered" precisely back
to its original state, that is obviously a time-reversal of that
entity.
Since the production of energy is
connected to the production of more ordering, then it would seem to follow that
any negentropic process also produces more energy. Or, that production of excess energy
accompanies a negentropic process, and vice versa.
When we factor in the giant
negentropy process, it is seen that all EM spatial energy comes from the time
domain, via the broken 3-symmetry of the source charge or source dipole. Here we have a pure negentropic
process. Hence we may now advance a
new definition of negentropy for electrodynamics: negentropy is the direct and ongoing
conversion of time-energy (time-structuring and time-ordering) into 3-space EM
energy. Dipolarity
(polarization) is the process initiating and producing the negentropy. Polarization is accompanied by ongoing
negentropy so long as the polarization persists.
Another way of defining negentropy even more rigorously—for electrodynamics—is to define it in spacetime as a broken 3-symmetry in EM energy flow with concomitant relaxation to a more primary 4-symmetry between time-energy flow and 3-spatial EM energy flow, where time-energy flow is transduced into 3-spatial EM energy flow.
When a system with one measure of multiplicity progresses to a state with a decreased measure of multiplicity; i.e., when its total number of microstates decreases in the transition. A nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) system can exhibit negative entropy, and the entropy can further decrease progressively toward negative infinity as time passes. [D. J. Evans and Lamberto Rondoni, "Comments on the Entropy of Nonequilibrium Steady States," J. Stat. Phys., 109(3-4), Nov. 2002, p. 895-920]. Note that the Second Law of thermodynamics only rigorously applies to an isolates system, where neither mass nor energy crosses the boundary of the system. In the NESS system, that prohibition is violated, hence the second law need not apply. The common source charge is an example of such a NESS system continuously producing negative entropy, because it absorbs virtual energy from the vacuum, transduces it into observable energy, and re-emits the energy as observable photons radiating at light speed in all directions and forming the associated EM fields and potentials and their energy.
ENTROPY (POSITIVE)
When a system in a state with ordering progresses to a state with less ordering, i.e., when its total number of microstates increases in the transition.
ENZYME
Any of various proteins or conjugated
proteins (compound of a protein and a nonprotein) produced by living cells, that
serves as a catalyst for specific biochemical reactions at body
temperatures.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
The study of the various factors
influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of disease,
injury, and other health-related events in a defined human
population.
EQUILIBRIUM
In physics, the state of a system
in which opposing forces balance each other; i.e., sum to a vector
zero.
In mechanics, a system of
particles where the net force acting upon each constitutent particle is
zero.
In chemistry, the state of a
solution where the forward and reverse reactions are equal and balance each
other, so that the chemical reactants and products maintain the same
amounts.
EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE
(PHYSICS)
One of the principles of
relativity theory. The mass of the
body determined by using the gravitational force on it to measure the mass, and
the mass of the body determined by using inertial force on it to measure the
mass, yield equal measurements for the mass.
ETHER
An extremely fine substance
theorized to exist in space in lieu of sheer emptiness.
Discussed by Tesla, Einstein,
Whittaker, and others. Originally
conceived as the luminiferous ether, a thin material fluid pervading all space.
Maxwell, e.g., believed in this material ether, and formulated his theory
accordingly. Thus he mistakenly provided forces in the vacuum, which forces
require a material vacuum. I.e., mass is a component of force; there is no force
without mass, since F
º d/dt(mv). The
hoary old medieval notion that a separate force acts upon a separate mass that
it affects, is completely in error, though still utilized in mechanics! Modern
field theorists know better, but correction of this massive error in physics has
not been widely accomplished.
Originally, the ether was seen as a
ghostly-thin, material, fluid medium
postulated to fill space and carry electromagnetic waves, similar to the way in
which a gas carries sound waves. Faraday and Maxwell added the assumption that
EM fields existed as material taut strings (Faraday's lines of force) with
conveniently missing endholders to provide the tension on the strings. The
Michelson-Morley experiments eliminated any such material ether, but not a
Lorentz-invariant nonmaterial ether (of which vacuum itself is one example, in
the modern view). Maxwell's equations were derived from a mechanical ether
theory. Einstein once proposed that the vacuum, complete with its
electromagnetic fields, should be called the new ether. In our own approach we have come
full circle back to Einstein's suggestion, since the so-called "fields" are
really just curvatures of spacetime and are included in our use of the vacuum as
a giant potential comprised of virtual particle flux. The Sachs unified field theory, I
believe, is the best available, particularly when the Evans O(3) symmetry
electrodynamics is included as a special subset of it. In my own view, I regard "vacuum
potential" and "spacetime" as essentially identities. Thus both the vacuum potential and
spacetime have further internal structuring and dynamics. In relativity, this view is akin
somewhat to the notion of "subspace" used on the Star Trek
series.
Today the word "ether" is again
acceptable in the literature when used in context of its modern quantum
mechanical meaning. The "ether gas"—the quantum mechanical vacuum—is considered
to be composed of virtual particles. The particles spontaneously come into being
and then vanish so quickly they cannot be individually detected. That is, today
the ether is regarded as a sort of specialized virtual particle gas—sort of a
gas of "effervescent energy bubbles", so to speak—where the individual particles
are continually being created and annihilated at a fantastic
rate.
A good reference on the modern view of the vacuum is I. J. R. Aitchison, “Nothing’s plenty: The vacuum in modern quantum field theory,” Contemporary Physics, 26(4), 1985, p. 333-391. For an O(3) treatise, see M. W. Evans, P. K. Anastasovski, T. E. Bearden et al., "Derivation of the Lehnert field equations from gauge theory in vacuum: Space charge and current," Foundations Of Physics Letters, 13(2), Apr 2000, p.179-184. It is shown that the Lehnert field equations in vacuum, with concomitant space charge and current, can be derived straightforwardly from standard gauge theory applied in vacuum, using the concept of covariant derivative and Feynman's universal influence. The Lehnert and Proca field equations are shown to be inter-related through the well-known de Broglie theorem, in which the photon mass can be interpreted as finite. These ideas go some way towards addressing the inconsistency inherent, in Maxwell's famous displacement current, which has no concomitant vacuum space charge.
For technical insight into the
attributes for extracting EM energy from the vacuum, see particularly M. W.
Evans, P. K. Anastasovski, T. E. Bearden et al., "Classical
electrodynamics without the Lorentz condition: Extracting energy from the
vacuum," Physica Scripta
61(5), May 2000, p.513-517. It
is shown that if the Lorentz condition is discarded, the Maxwell-Heaviside field
equations become the Lehnert equations, indicating the presence of charge
density and current density in the vacuum. The Lehnert equations are a subset of
the O(3) Yang-Mills field equations. Charge and current density in the vacuum
are defined straightforwardly in terms of the vector potential and scalar
potential, and are conceptually similar to Maxwell's displacement current, which
also occurs in the classical vacuum. A demonstration is made of the existence of
a time dependent classical vacuum polarization which appears if the Lorentz
condition is discarded. Vacuum charge and current appear phenomenologically in
the Lehnert equations but fundamentally in the O(3) Yang-Mills theory of
classical electrodynamics. The latter also allows for the possibility of the
existence of vacuum topological magnetic charge density and topological magnetic
current density. Both O(3) and Lehnert equations are superior to the
Maxwell-Heaviside equations in being able to describe phenomena not amenable to
the latter. In theory, devices can be made to extract the energy associated with
vacuum charge and current. More
than a dozen ways to approach extracting EM energy from the vacuum are
presented.
EVANS, MYRON
W.
Noted chemical physicist, primary
developer of O(3) symmetry electrodynamics, and Director of the Alpha
Foundation's Institute for Advanced Study
(AIAS).
Under Evans, the work of the AIAS
has made enormous contributions to physics and particularly to the extraction of
usable EM energy from the vacuum.
In the opinion of the present author, Evans is perhaps the single most
important scientist in the Western world in the emerging field of electrical
energy from the vacuum and in
solving the world energy crisis.
EVIL
Refers
to an act or acts perceived to be detrimental to the receiver or referent, in
the positive time stream.
Oddly, the chain of events perceived to involve "evil" to a referent in the forward time stream, would be perceived to be equally beneficial to the referent, viewed in the negative time stream. In other words, evil in general is a synthesis of the results of observed actions or acts in the forward time motion, hence it is conjugated when time flow is reversed.
This is not just an idle question. In our physical body, the photon interaction with the electron shells of the atoms in the body largely determines the observed forward movement of one's material body through time. The conscious mind, fitted to the single photon interaction, thus perceives its "existence" in such terms. Meanwhile, in the nuclei of the atoms of our material body, the charge and hence the field interactions are reversed (giving Newton's third law reactions). That of course is a time-reversed flow of events, not sensed by our conscious mind, but possibly sensed by our deep unconscious mind. The question then arises, "Do we then actually exist both forwards and backwards in time?" In terms of good and evil, if the answer is yes, then this would have profound implications to theology and to the study of human consciousness.
Theologians (and philosophers) have pondered the "nature" of good and evil for literally thousands of years, and have reached no truly firm conclusion to date. The sticking point (theologically) seems to be the puzzle of a perfect, "all good" creator who had to have created evil also (since the Creator is axiomized to have created all). To the question, "How could a perfect Creator have created—or even tolerated—evil?", theologians have yet to find a satisfactory answer. Neither could they find a satisfactory answer to the question of, "How can the Creator, being all-just, and being all-powerful, then allow any evil act to occur?" In short, why does the Creator seemingly not "police up our perceived imperfections in the creation?" In short, theologians struggled with a formidable problem of how to justify the Creator's continued tolerance of evil, even for a moment.
There is no satisfactory answer to such questions, of course, in 3-law Aristotelian logic, because they are four-law logic situations. However, since the 3-logic is incomplete, one should examine the question in 4-law logic, and also in light of one's assumptions regarding the existence of the Creator. The question is unresolvable in 3-law logic and with the assumption of a Creator traveling through time, as we perceive ourselves to do. However, if time itself is a creation, then the axiomized Creator may be more properly axiomized as existing both in and outside time, and "everywhere in time at once" as well. The unlimited Creator must even be postulated to be able to "both be and not be simultaneously; if He cannot do that little trick, He has a limit." That trick must be allowed, else the Creator has a limit and is thus imperfect. But to such an axiomized Creator "permeating time everywhere at once, from beginning to end, which shall be the "beginning" and which shall be the "end?" And if we pick a beginning and an end, what shall be the "intermediate ordering" that we pick? There is no absolute position in either space or time to the "everywhere and everywhen at once" axiomized Creator.
The problem of good and evil then becomes a similar problem to the "wave or particle" question. Good and evil are two sides of the same coin, transposed one into the other by time-reversal. With respect to finite creatures perceiving themselves moving forward in time, not existing in the future and not existing in the past, the question merely demonstrates that our perception itself is in error.
It
may be, then, that there is a solution (whether one prefers it or not!) to such
profound and ancient philosophical and theological problems in four-law or
five-law logic. However, we will
leave that question to the logicians and to the theologians to more properly
decide.
EXCESS COLLECTED ENERGY
Collection by an
interceptor/collector of a greater fraction of the EM energy flow impinging upon
it, than is normal.
Any static electric or magnetic
charge, e.g., with an EM energy density flow impinging upon it, has excess
"energy collection" or "energy collecting" upon it, due to the altered vacuum
virtual photon flux that is now exchanging with it. In a nominal electric
circuit, e.g., a single "pass" of the EM energy flow from the source dipole,
along the circuit conductors and across the conduction electrons, causes an
"excess energy collection" upon the intercepting surface charges in the
conductors. This potentializes the
Drude electrons in the circuit and leads to subsequent dissipation in the loads
(and losses) of about 10-13 of the EM
nondiverged Heaviside energy flow
that actually was extracted by the source dipole from the vacuum and sent down
through space surrounding the conductors of the external
circuit.
That is a single-pass energy
collection fraction for a static charge. Almost all the Heaviside energy flow
missed the circuit and passed on beyond the circuit "collectors" in one pass-by
at essentially the speed of light, on out into deep space and beyond. On the
other hand, if the already-passed EM energy flow is retroreflected, so that it
returns for another pass along the circuit, then an additional amount of the repassing
energy can be collected by those sluggish electrons. In a nominal circuit being used as an
example, the electrons travel only about 5 or 6 inches per hour longitudinally
down the conductors, restrained by the repulsion of the electrons beyond them.
So multiretroreflection, multipass, multicollection can be used to provide
excess energy and overunity efficiency. This is a change to the present
statement of the work-energy theorem, which up to now has assumed single pass,
single energy collection. The well-known anti-Stokes emission from certain
highly scattering, optically active media, e.g., produces more energy radiating
back out of the media than the amount of stimulating radiation energy input into
the media. This is Letokhov's
"negative absorption of the medium", which is really the excess emission from
the medium due to retroreflection and multiple
re-collections.
Also, if the intercepting charge is
resonated, it sweeps out a greater geometrical cross section in the streaming
energy flow, thereby diverging more and thus "collecting" more energy. In the Bohren experiment, e.g., this
effect yields collection of some 18 times as much energy by the resonant charge
as the same charge collects in static mode.
EXOTHERMIC
Giving off heat, or emitting scattered EM
energy. Producing forward time
energy.
FARADAY,
MICHAEL
Noted English physicist and
chemist, 1791-1867, who discovered field theory and electromagnetic
induction. Faraday invented the
dynamo also and formulated his laws of electrolysis.
His work directly inspired Maxwell,
who vowed to study no other electromagnetics theory until he had captured
Faraday's work in a mathematical theory.
FIELD
In mathematics, a set with two
binary operations. In
electromagnetics in more common terms, it is a region consisting of magnitudes
and/or vector directions assigned to some active entity (spacetime itself) at
each point in the region.
Designated addition and
multiplication, satisfying the conditions that the set is a commutative group
with respect to addition, that the set with the identity of the additive group
omitted is a commutative group with respect to multiplication, and that
multiplication distributes over addition for all elements in the set.
For our purposes, in plain language
the fundamental notion is that a "field" is a sort of cleared, level space or
region (e.g., in spacetime) where things can be placed and actions can occur
amongst them, to them, on them, and of them. What the "place or space" is, can
get a bit complicated, as can what is placed there and what actions are
permitted. In short, we view a
field as an altered (curved) region in spacetime, and this special curvature
interacts with certain kinds of entities placed in that region. In return, those entities also interact
back upon the spacetime curvature to alter it. Hence there is a dynamic two-way
interaction between field and matter, where half of this interaction (the
back-interaction of charge or matter) is missing from present classical
electrodynamics.
EXOTHERMIC
EXPLOSION
An explosion where ordinary heat and
electromagnetic energy are released and radiate away from the explosive
site. All normal explosions are
exothermic.
Particularly used for a pulsed longitudinal
EM wave interferometer, which in the distant interference zone (IZ) will produce
a sudden eruption of scattering EM energy from the local spacetime curvature
suddenly induced, when the interferometry transmitter chassis grounds are biased
well above the ambient potential in the distant IZ.
FERMI
LIQUID
A liquid where the individual particles or
molecules comprising it are basically non-interacting, so that they can roam
freely.
In an electron gas in a conductor, e.g.,
treatment of the free conduction electrons as a gas allows a theoretical
modeling and explanation of conduction and resistance. Contrast to a Luttinger liquid,
where the electrons interact with each other and thus enable the formation of
collective phenomena.
FEYNMAN,
RICHARD
Noted physicist, Nobelist, and
co-developer of quantum electrodynamics.
Feynman is particularly noted for
his refreshing three volumes of physics:
See Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew
Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
Physics, Addison-Wesley, New York, 1963. The book is particularly noteworthy in
that it gives the student some insight into foundations problems in
physics. E.g., in Vol. I on p. 2-4, Feynman defines the electric
field not in terms of force per unit charge per se, but in terms of its potentiality
for producing a force only when a charge is present for the force to be
developed upon.
FEYNMAN
DIAGRAM
A two-dimensional diagram of particle
interactions, both in the virtual and observable levels, and both backward and
forward in time and named after Richard Feynman who first employed
them.
FIBER
FUSE
Effect
in fibers or fiber optic cable, whose core contains germanium, whereby heating
the cable at one spot with a small flame will launch a focused traveling heat
energy effect which melts a small hole in the core about every centimeter, and
marches down the cable at about a meter per second to the end of the cable,
destroying the optical transmission capability and ruining the
cable.
Oddly,
by igniting the fiber fuse from the other end of the damaged cable, a reverse
fiber fuse effect will often march back down the cable in similar fashion except
that it fills in the melted holes in the core, restoring the transmission
capability of the cable.
If the energy required to melt all
the holes (or fill them again) is taken into account, the amount of energy
required to launch the fiber fuse is much less. This phenomenon does not appear to have
an adequate technical explanation at present.
For
an excellent description with photographs, see Ivars Peterson, “Fibers With
Flare,” Science News, 140(13), Sep.
28, 1991, p. 200-201. For technical
information and analysis, see D. P. Hand and P. St. J. Russell, “Solitary
thermal shock-waves and optical damage in optical fibers,” IEE Colloquium on ‘Non-Linear Optical
Waveguides’,” IEE Digest No. 88, London, England, 1988, p. 101-103; —
Soliton-like thermal shock-waves in optical fibres: origin of periodic damage
tracks," Fourteenth European
Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 1988), Sep. 11-15, 1988,
Publication No. 292, 1(2), 1988, p. 111-114; — “Solitary thermal shock waves and
optical damage in optical fibers: the fiber fuse,” Optics Letters, 13(9), Sep. 1988, p.
767-769; D. P. Hand and T. A.
Birks, “Single-mode tapers as ‘fibre fuse’ damage circuit-breakers,” Electronics Letters, 25(1), Jan. 5,
1989, p. 33-34.
See
P. St. J. Russell, “Power Conservation and Field Structures in Uniform
Dielectric Gratings,” Journal of the
Optical Society of America A, 1(3), Mar. 3, 1984, p. 293-299. Russell is actually referring to
apparent violation of local conservation of energy. This would be indicated if the
vacuum-to-mass interaction is not taken into account. Russell’s analysis therefore supports
the fact that (i) the vacuum-mass interaction is required, (ii) the fiber fuse
does utilize some of its gated vacuum energy (i.e., the usually non-diverged
portion of the Poynting flow), and (iii) the fiber fuse is a legitimate,
repeatable overunity process, although a "runaway" process, uncontrolled, and
not sustainable.
FIELD
In physics, "a region of space
marked by a physical property, as gravitational or electromagnetic force or
fluid pressure, having a determinable value at every point in the
region."
[Thanks to Webster's II New Riverside University
Dictionary.]
Here one must not think of "space" as emptiness, as
mathematicians do, but as a virtual particle flux, a dynamic entity, and as
dynamic spacetime. A field then is a set of entities and their relationships and
operations in a region of that kind
of space, where the entities and operations are themselves "space stuff". They
are all "virtual" in that they are not individually observable. However, their
impact upon or interaction with mass—particularly charged mass—can be and often
is observable, in that we can see some change of the mass (its direction of
travel, translation, acceleration, deceleration, rotation, generation of
current, etc.). If the entities are point-like and are naively supposed to have
magnitude only, or if we only specify their energy density magnitude at each
point, then that "marked space region" is said to be a scalar field. If the entities are
point-like but have both magnitude and direction, they are said to be a vector field.
Further the deponent saith not
because even the foundations physicists are in hot water in trying to define the
field, and if the deponent saith more he will surely deep-fry in hot
oil!
FIELD,
SCALAR
A field, to any point of which is
assigned a magnitude only.
FIELD,
VECTOR
A field, to any point of which is
assigned both a magnitude and a direction.
FLAT (UNCURVED) SPACETIME
A vacuum/spacetime whose virtual
particle flux intensity—and therefore its local energy density—does not change
as a function of spatial position or averaged time.
That is, a flat spacetime in my view
is a quantum mechanical vacuum whose virtual particle flux and energy density
are constant in magnitude and internal constitution with respect to spatial
position and in averaged time. Note that a flat spacetime (vacuum potential) can
still contain vacuum engines, and thus still be dimensioned. In that case, contrary to
normal physics, the flat spacetime itself will still interact with an embedded
object and change it, even though it may not translate it. To perform
transmutation of elements, e.g., one is interested in just such engines and not
in translating through space the element being treated. This dimensioning or activation of the
local flat spacetime can result in an otherwise unexpected, seeming violation of
one or more laws of nature in the dimensioned
region.
FISSIONING,
ACTION
The
splitting of the action quantum into two canonical variables (for example,
energy and time), only one of which can normally be completely detected or
measured. ("Action" has the
dimensions of angular momentum—energy x time, momentum x length, etc.)
Fissioning
produces length, discrete bit by discrete bit, and time likewise. The physical reality of separated
physical objects is thus continually created, discrete bit by discrete bit,
monocularly. All that ever
observably exists in the "present" is a single quantum change, just
occurring. Recombining of the two
canonical action fission fragments is called "fusion." Fusion also occurs monocularly, quantum
by quantum. Rigorously, the
physical world of separated objects never exists as such except in memory recall
of vast numbers of past ordered quantum changes that occurred one by one.
FLUX
The amount of some quantity (such
as energy, particles, volume of fluid, etc.) flowing across a given area
(usually a unit area perpendicular to the flow) per unit of
time.
The term flux density is now more
commonly used. Loosely, "flux" refers to the perpendicular flow through an area,
while "flux density" refers to the magnitude or intensity (rate) of the flux. In
some cases such as a flux of particles of different velocities, the number of
particles may be multiplied by the average velocity to give an average flux
density that is weighted.
FLUX
DENSITY
The
amount of some quantity (such as energy, particles, volume of fluid, etc.)
flowing across a given area (usually a unit area perpendicular to the flow) per
unit of time.
FOGAL, WILLIAM
(BILL)
Soon-to-be-noted researcher and
inventor of the Fogal semiconductor (two patents so far), as well as a
superluminal infolding-outfolding communication system and other remarkable
longitudinal EM wave processes.
I am happy to be a friend and
colleague of Bill Fogal.
FOGAL
SEMICONDUCTOR
A
special semiconductor invented by Bill Fogal which, in its operational regime,
utilizes an integrated semiconductor, tantalum capacitor, and feedback resistor
to accomplish charge blocking (blocking of electron current flow dq/dt) while
passing displacement current d/dt
The Fogal semiconductor can also accomplish amplified phase conjugation of signals as well as infolding (translation of input transverse EM waves to output longitudinal EM waves) and outfolding (translation of received input longitudinal EM waves to output transverse EM waves). Used in communication systems, it opens the use of the unlimited "infolded" electromagnetics bandwidth. Since it may communicate using longitudinal EM waves, it is also usable for superluminal or a specialized "tunneling" communication through the "interior" of normal EM waves, potentials, and fields.
See
William J. Fogal, "High Gain, Low distortion, Faster Switching Transistor," U.S.
Patent No. 5,196,809, Mar. 23, 1993; — "High Gain, Low Distortion, Faster
Switching Transistor," U.S. Patent No. 5,430,413, July 4, 1995, a continuation
of his earlier patent.
FORCE
In mechanics, identically the
time derivative of momentum, or F
º d/dt(mv).
Simply, changing of the old concept
of mass-motion. One must realize that it is not the mass in motion, but the
single undivided quantity "mass-motion" or "mass-velocity" (momentum) that is
changed. In short, F
º d/dt(mv). In present EM theory, force fields are
erroneously taken to exist in empty, massless vacuum. However, the mechanical
definition is an identity, not an equality. Thus force does not separately exist in contact with a mass,
but consists of a changing
"mass-motion." Since this force can be induced into and of the mass-motion
target at a distance, in the new approach one is confronted with the fact that
there is a more fundamental mechanism that produces force itself, and that is a
curvature of spacetime.
Distant curvatures of spacetime to
produce forces on exposed charged mass systems are also engineered by
longitudinal EM wave interferometry.
FORCE FIELD
An effect that exists as a local
vacuum virtual particle flux interaction upon and with a unit mass or unit
charge whereby a particular type of matter is affected.
The force field has two components,
one the mass and the other massless. In electrodynamics, one normally thinks
(erroneously!) of the massless component, and refers to that component alone as
"the force field." This considers the "force field" as a separate entity, acting
upon a separate "mass." Whether it is logically correct or not, that is the
prevailing way physics and electrodynamics uses it! So in this definition, let
us momentarily accept the common incorrect usage, for convenience, while
pointing out the real definition as we need to.
For example, conventionally the EM
force fields can affect and change the state of motion of any charged particle
or any magnetic particle. In classical physics, the force fields are considered
the primary causative agents; when these fields are zero, then the motion of the
particle or system is unaffected. Consequently, conventional EM theory assumes
that all the EM phenomenology ceases once the force fields are absent. Today we
know that is not true at all, as we explain in this
glossary.
FORCE-FREE PROPAGATION
Propagation of force-free
disturbances in the vacuum flux
(i.e., infolded inside the ambient
vacuum potential, or inside a constant DC voltage.) Such "infolded" propagation
is not limited to the speed of light, but may even travel in the Coulomb gauge
so that it is instantaneous. More usually, it can travel superluminally. It may be regarded as a special form of
"tunneling", which is known (both theoretically and experimentally) to produce
superluminal propagation to the external observer. The music of Beethoven's 40th symphony,
e.g., has been experimentally transferred between two points in a physical
waveguide by such "quantum tunneling" at over four times the speed of light in
vacuum.
We regard tunneling as moving in a
sort of "subspace", i.e., within the internal structuring of spacetime
itself. It is not limited by the
speed of light and Einstein's postulate, which we believe only applies to
signals moving in spacetime in bulk, and not to signals moving within substructuring inside that
spacetime.
FOUNDATIONS OF
MATHEMATICS
The concepts, operations,
assumptions, postulates, logic, definitions, and axioms of algebra
systems.
FOUNDATIONS OF
PHYSICS
The
postulates, assumptions, concepts, and definitions upon which a scientific
physics model rests. Included are
the postulates, concepts, assumptions, definitions, and operations of the
mathematics in which the scientific model is expressed, as well as the
postulates, concepts, assumptions, definitions, and operations of the physics
entities and functions assigned to the mathematical symbols.
Thus "scientific truth"—even mathematical truth (see Morris Kline's Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty—is actually a qualified truth. What is true in one model (one set of postulates, assumptions, concepts, and definitions, including those in the algebra) may not be always true when one or more of the postulates, assumptions, concepts, and definitions is/are changed, and/or when the topology of the mathematics in which the model is expressed is changed, etc.
The
major flaws in present physics models involve errors in the foundations. However, a successful physics model is
rather quickly dogmatized and often turned into a belief structure by many
scientists rather than being regarded as a tentative model. Consequently, scientists who attempt to
do serious work in foundations are generally ignored or ostracized and rather
vehemently attacked if they propose any significant changes to one of the
dogmatized models. Particularly,
all funding and "benefits" of the scientific bureaucracy are denied the
heretical foundations scientist, unless he or someone can rather quickly come
forth with an iron-tight experimental proof of the heresy. Any attempted change in foundations is
usually met with ad hominem attack, a barrage of criticism, loss of position,
and denial of research funding.
Science has a long history of just such dogmatic oppression of great
scientific discoveries. To name a
few (there are hundreds): The first
laser paper was rejected by the journals as being ridiculous. When Mayer proposed conservation of
energy, he was hounded and ridiculed so fiercely that he suffered a nervous
breakdown and attempted suicide.
Years later, near the end of his life conservation of energy was adopted
because it greatly facilitated understanding and calculation, and the same
system now lionized him as a scientific hero. Ovshinsky suffered personal attack,
ridicule, and charges of charlatanism in pushing amorphous semiconductors;
everyone knew that only crystalline semiconductors could work. The situation
changed when several thousand Xerox machines were observed to now contain
amorphous semiconductors which were working just fine! Louis de Broglie's matter wave
hypothesis caused consternation to his thesis advisors; but because he was
Prince Louis de Broglie, they felt obligated to send it to the great Einstein so
that he would reject it and then they could regretfully reject the thesis of the
Prince. When Einstein replied that
it was probably true, they felt they had no choice but to publish it because de Broglie was a Prince of the old
French aristocracy, and as such was not to be casually trifled with. So foundations work is fraught with the
greatest peril to the practitioner.
Yet it is the most important work in physics, and it is a continuing
black mark against the scientific establishment that they do not openly
encourage and fund the most able
physicists, grad students, and post-docs to examine and revise the errors in
foundations concepts and postulates.
Because of the prevailing dogmatism, science itself continually strangles
the new ideas and concepts that would provide the physics of the 22nd century
now. In an eerie turn of events,
science has become in a strange way its own worst enemy, and the strongest
barrier to the advance of science.
FOUR-SPACE
(4-SPACE)
The "normal" spacetime used in physics, consisting of
three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. Minkowski spacetime.
FOURTH LAW OF
LOGIC
the
law that a thing and its opposite become identical on the boundary, i.e., in
multiple simultaneous observation.
Identity is merely the loss of
observational or perceptual distinction; when formerly "two" objects are
simultaneously observed by a single observer, two slides have been shown at once
in the slide projector. It does not
matter at that point what each was individually observed to be before; now there
is no observable distinction or difference. We previously showed that the law is
implicitly assumed in the three laws of Aristotelian logic anyway, and published
a simple proof of the fourth law.
Without the fourth law, Aristotelian logic "eats itself". What results in the four law logic is
that either (1) the three laws apply explicitly and the fourth implicitly, or
(2) the fourth law applies explicitly and the fourth implicitly. This application rule itself can be taken as
a fifth law of logic. The fourth
law is also the law of the paradox: I.e., when something is true but violates
one or more of the Aristotelian laws, it is a case where the fourth law applies
explicitly. The conclusions
derivable from a four law logic agree generally with the conclusions derivable
from G Spencer Brown's Laws of
Form.
FOUR-WAVE
MIXING
A
nonlinear multiwave mixing effect when four waves mix in a highly nonlinear
situation so that wave to wave interaction occurs.
FRACTIONAL
CHARGE
A
hypothetical particle having a charge less than the electron's charge. Often called a quark, where its charge
is 1/3 or 2/3 the charge of the electron.
A
few years ago, Stanford University researchers found evidence of free
quarks. There is also now the
fractional Hall effect. In the
1920's Ehrenhaft reported the discovery and production of fractional charges of
all sizes, and his experiments have been replicated by Michailov, with papers by
Michailov and Barrett.
In the new approach, when
time-energy is utilized, quarks can be freed or nearly freed rather easily in
"time-reversal zones". It would
appear that, as the new approach develops, free quarks will become a normal
event rather than one intensely sought but terribly difficult to come by
experimentally.
FRAME,
LORENTZ
A
frame of reference which is not accelerated with respect to the laboratory
observer.
In
this case, the frame may be rotated (moving at a constant velocity) but it is
not rotating (the frame is not accelerated with respect to the observer, and
spacetime is not curved). In this
case special relativity applies, as do the conservation laws. If the local spacetime is curved, the
frame is accelerated and spacetime is curved. Locally, then, general relativity
applies. In this case, locally the
conservation laws (energy, momentum, charge, and spin) can be violated. However, in ordinary general relativity,
it has been tacitly assumed that locally the curvature of spacetime is
negligible. Hence locally a Lorentz
frame is assumed, and the conservation laws are assumed to apply locally
also. In scalar electromagnetics,
the local spacetime is always curved and general relativity applies
locally. In this case, the
conservation laws need not apply.
FRAME, REFERENCE)
A spatial, organized, measured
lattice placed in "emptiness" (space, spacetime).
Normally refers to a 3-dimensional,
spatial frame. All objects and points in the "universe" or spatial frame are
considered to simultaneously coexist at separate, measured points in the frame.
Differs from the vacuum in that, rigorously, vacuum has no existing definite
lengths and no existing definite time intervals, as these appear only after
measurement or detection, and are relative to the observer and to the
interactions ongoing as well as in the detection process itself. The "laboratory
frame" is the static reference frame of the observer or measurement. A separate
reference frame may be assumed to exist for any fixed or moving object, or
centered on any point in another frame. When a type of frame is assumed, the
entire class of physical interactions that can occur has been restricted to an
assumed set or type. In other words, given the frame, the conventional physics has been assumed.
One of the greatest restrictions of an assumed "frame" is to rule out the
consideration (existence) of other higher dimensions.
Note that, in the new unified field
theory approach, the other higher dimensions are always available and cannot be
ruled out in general, but only in some special case. Every curvature of
spacetime, and any internal additional curvature to that primary curvature, adds
a new dimension. In our view, a
spacetime may be "flat" in overall curvature, but consist of internally
structured deterministic curvatures or "engines". In this view, normal inertial frames,
e.g., may still contain vacuum engines, which will not affect the normal bulk translation rules, but may affect
any or all of the nontranslation mechanisms, including the very laws of nature
in many cases.
FREE ENERGY
Excess energy freely received
from its external active environment by an open system that is far from
thermodynamic equilibrium in its exchange with that environment.
To use this free excess energy, it
must be collected, transported to a load or loads with minimal losses, and then
dissipated in the load(s) to power them, without any substantial portion of the
free energy being used to close the system's "gate" through which the excess
energy is input to it.
There is a separate thermodynamics
for such open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium in their active
environmental exchange. Such a
system is permitted to exhibit five "magic" functions: it is permitted to (1) self-order, (2)
self-oscillate or self-rotate, (3) output more energy than the operator himself
inputs (the excess energy is freely received from the active environment, (4)
power itself and its load simultaneously (all the energy is freely received from
the active environment), and (5) exhibit
negentropy.
The entropy of such a system cannot
even be calculated. Some useful
references are: Ilya Prigogine with D. Kondepudi, Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to
Dissipative Structures, Wiley, Chichester, 1998; Ilya Prigogine, The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the
New Laws of Nature, Free Press, New York, 1996, 1997; G. Nicolis and I.
Prigogine, Exploring Complexity,
Piper, Munich, 1987; Gregoire Nicolis, "Physics of far-from-equilibrium systems
and self-organization," Chapter 11 in Paul Davies, Ed., The New Physics, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 1989, p. 316-347.
FREE ENERGY SYSTEM
Any open system not in
thermodynamic equilibrium, which freely receives excess energy from an external
source,
...and collects and utilizes this
free excess energy to freely power external loads, so that a permissible system
COP>1.0 is achieved, as allowed by the nonlinear thermodynamics of open
systems in disequilibrium with their environment.
Implicit in the notion of free
electromagnetic energy systems are six key concepts: (1) the local
vacuum/spacetime is known to be filled with hidden (i.e., virtual) energy in
violent motion, i.e., the local vacuum/spacetime is a violent virtual energy
flux and therefore a scalar potential, (2) a broken symmetry—i.e., some sort of
organizing and gating mechanism, such as the common dipole—in this hidden
(virtual) energy flux of the vacuum is utilized as a source, to cohere the
virtual energy and divert it as energy flow S = E´H, from the broken
symmetry initiation point onto the external circuits or load parts of a device,
(3) the coherent gated extra virtual
energy flow available in the external circuits or load parts couples to
(interacts with) the mobile charges in those circuits or load parts, so that
gradients developed in the interacting virtual flux form force fields on and of
the particle masses, driving the mobile charges along the circuit and through
current-impeding circuit components such as loads, (4) in the interaction of the
driven charges with the driving virtual energy flux, their spin and erratic
motions integrate a tiny "coupling fraction" of the driving virtual energy into
observable (i.e., macroscopic field) energy, thus creating the E-fields and B-fields, (5) the current-impeding
external components or load parts scatter or dissipate the coherence of the
driven charges, and thereby dissipate the collected energy or change the form of
the collected field energy, thereby producing useful work, and (6) little or
none of the excess collected energy in the circuit is split off and dissipated
in the gate (asymmetry component serving as the S-flow source) to destroy the gate and
thereby destroy its asymmetry in the vacuum flux, which is what is extracting
and producing the free energy flow.
FUSION,
ACTION
In
the new approach, the recombining of two canonical bits of a fissioned action
quantum.
The
fusion process "cancels" the bits produced by the fission process, and
constitutes a negative spacetime operation. The physical world is thus eliminated,
bit by bit, in a monocular fusion operation that produces the "past". The "mass" of a particle is taken to be
proportional to, and identically comprised of, the absolute value of its fission
and fusion rate. When fission and
fusion rates of a particle are equal, the particle is unaccelerated; when
unequal, the particle is accelerated.
Vice versa, when the particle is unaccelerated, the fission and fusion
rates are equal, and when the particle is accelerated, the fission and fusion
rates are unequal.
GAIA
HYPOTHESIS
The hypothesis by Lovelock that the earth and its biosphere is a living thing, at least in some sense.
In
the new viewpoint, there exists a biospheric quantum potential which contains an
extended mind and therefore is indeed an extended lifeform—one which includes
the earth and the quantum potentia all its creatures and species. In the new sense, even so-called "inert"
matter is alive, being continually bathed by energy flow dimensioned with
lifeform templates, and therefore equally alive in all directions and
nonpreferential.
GATE
Refers to something (a component
or function) which extracts some part of a flux or flow, compacting it into a
stream, and "sending it out."
A moving board wall or gate may be
swung into a river, e.g., to divert or "gate" some of the river's flow out into
a sluice ditch and on to a waterwheel powering a mill. Similarly, a dipole
extracts some of the energy from the vacuum virtual photon flux exchange with
the end charges of the dipole, and "gates" (diverts) the extracted portion of
energy out from the ends of the dipole as energy flows. This creates the scalar
potential surrounding each charge, and also the E-fields. Even a "static" dipole does
this "gating" of vacuum energy into an energy flow.
The fundamental gate for all EM
energy in 3-space is the dipole or dipolarity. The source of the 3-space EM energy
continuously emitted by any charge or dipole is an equal inflow of EM energy
from the complex plane (from the time domain). Thus EM energy flow is conserved in 4
dimensions but not in 3-space. In
particle physics, it is well-known that any dipole or charge is such a broken
3-symmetry in its fierce vacuum energy flux exchange. However, particle physics considers the
input energy to be virtual particle energy from the vacuum and therefore random
energy. Whittaker 1903 shows it is
actually from the time domain of spacetime (from the complex plane) and the
input energy flow from the vacuum is not random but precisely organized in a
harmonic set of longitudinal EM phase conjugate waves. Of course by wave-particle duality we
simply consider the two pictures to be just different and permitted models of
the same thing.
GATING EFFECT
The effect of extracting part of
a flux or flow, compacting it into a useful stream, and "sending it
out."
See gate.
GAUGE
In electromagnetism, usually
considered a possible choice for (change of) electric scalar potential and
magnetic vector potential, without any net change of force fields so that the
change satisfies Maxwell's equations.
Interestingly, gauge field theory
includes the axiom of gauge freedom.
In EM systems, this means that one is free to "regauge" or change the
potential energy of the system freely and at any time, so long as the change
results in a static stress potential energy change. In the real world, one may have to pay a
little bit for switching. But
essentially physics already assumes that one can cause his EM system to take on
excess potential energy at will, so long as it is a stress potential energy change
only.
In short, only the symmetrical regauging case has been
considered in electrodynamics. Yet
every electrical power system must first potentialize the system asymmetrically rather than
symmetrically. In the theoretically
perfect system, this asymmetrical regauging is done freely. Hence every electrical power system
first breaks gauge symmetry, in order to take on extra energy so that it can do
work. Further, the source of the
potential energy flowing into the asymmetrically regauged electrical system so
freely, comes from the source dipole's extraction of EM energy from the
time-domain (complex plane) due to its broken 3-symmetry in EM energy
flow.
So the highest "gauge" principle is
that energy can be freely extracted from the vacuum, anywhere and at any time,
freely and easily, by making a dipolarity—which changes a single potential and
asymmetrically regauges the system.
It follows that one is in theory
free to "dissipate" this excess free energy in external loads to power
them. Again, in the real world one
may have to pay some switching costs, but that can be minimized by efficient
switching. However, since no
conventional electrical power system accomplishes this free powering of its
loads, it rigorously follows that the conventional system must self-enforce
symmetry in its discharge of the free potential energy achieved by the initial
asymmetrical
regauging.
Thus, if we believe gauge field
theory—the most modern of physics theories and in many ways the most useful—and
also believe its assumption of free asymmetrical regauging that is hidden in its
gauge freedom principle, then COP>1.0 electrical power systems are absolutely
permitted by nature and by gauge field theory where asymmetrical regauging is
deliberately used.
It follows that some feature in
electrical power systems as we presently design and build them, must be
preventing these systems from exhibiting overunity COP. And so it is. The ubiquitous closed current loop
circuit results in the circuit forcibly and symmetrically regauging itself while
dissipating its excitation energy to power its loads and losses. This forces half the collected regauging
(free) energy to be dissipated in the external circuit's loads and losses, and
half of it to be dissipated in the source dipole to scatter the charges and
destroy the dipole. This means that
less than half the available free regauging energy is used to power the load,
while half is used to destroy the entity—the source dipole—actually furnishing
the free regauging energy from the vacuum.
Hence all our present electrical
power systems are inherently free energy systems freely extracting their energy
from the vacuum, but are fiendishly designed so that they kill themselves (shut
off all free asymmetric regauging energy from the vacuum, by destroying the
source dipole) faster than they catch some of the free energy from the vacuum to
power their loads.
To restore the source dipole
requires at least as much energy dissipation as was done to destroy it. In our conventional self-destructive
systems, the generator shaft must thus be continuously powered in order to form
the magnetic field inside the generator, so that this magnetic field can then
dissipate its available energy to force the scattered charges back apart to form
an ordered source dipole.
We pay the power company to have a
giant wrestling match inside its own generators and lose. And in a sense, we do it because our
theoreticians love gauge symmetry more than they tolerate broken gauge
symmetry. So they build lovely,
symmetry-restoring electrical power systems—and monstrously mangle and destroy
the fragile biosphere in the process.
GAUGE
FREEDOM
The axiom in gauge theory that
one can freely change the potentials of an EM system, so long as the net new
forces resulting from the change will sum to a zero vector resultant so that the
system remains "symmetrical" in its force-field functioning with respect to the
system prior to the change of potentials.
Gauge and gauge freedom are actually
formal restrictions of an even more important asymmetrical regauging principle:
a potential in a system can be freely
changed at any time, thus freely changing the potential energy of the system
freely and at will. Symmetrical
regauging is achieved only by multiple application of this asymmetry rule to
provide a net symmetry condition again, with a change in locked-in stress
potential energy of the system.
GAUGE SYMMETRY
Abstract mathematical symmetry of
a field, that relates to the freedom to regauge (change the value of )
potentials, without affecting the values of the field
quantities.
In short, the higher principle that
the potentials can be changed freely and at will—and hence the potential
energy of the regauged system can
be changed freely and at will—is arbitrarily restricted to a very special
case: Each change of potential
involves the appearance of an new free force field. This asymmetrical change can be made freely
and at will, at any time. However,
the notion of gauge symmetry restricts any set of such changes to the special
case where the new free force fields produced must sum to a net zero force field
of opposing forces. In short, it
severely restricts the freedom to change the potentials—to the special case
where the resulting change of the system's potential energy must remain a static
stress potential energy condition.
Note that this arbitrarily eliminates any overunity functioning of the
regauged system in which the altered potential(s) and altered system potential
energy exist(s). See the
discussions of gauge and gauge freedom,
above.
GAUGE THEORY
A field theory using a field that
has one or more gauge symmetries.
Note the accent on gauge symmetry
and the net symmetrical regauging
restriction. This restriction is a
carry-forward of the old notion that the potentials are not primary, but the
fields are primary causes of all EM phenomena.
For the overunity researcher, broken
gauge symmetry is the interesting feature which must avidly be sought in his
experimental systems. Hence he must
seek out and familiarize himself with a wide variety of broken symmetry effects and
phenomenology. He must also
rigorously analyze his circuits with a keen view to where gauge symmetry can be
broken, where and how gauge symmetry is automatically restored during excitation
discharge, etc. Unless the
automatic self-enforcing of symmetrical gauge transformation during excitation
discharge is violated, no EM system can produce COP>1.0. In addition, without elaboration, the
overunity researcher must also learn to consider the time-domain functions of
the circuit, and particularly the giant negentropy of the common dipole. Unless he understands that all EM energy
comes from the vacuum and from the complex plane via the broken 3-symmetry of a
dipolarity, he cannot understand his own circuits.
Electromagnetics was the first gauge
theory. Gauge theory is widely
utilized today, and particularly in particle physics. In overunity power systems, the system
must exhibit a broken gauge symmetry at least twice: (1) in initially
potentializing the system to freely increase its potential energy, thus exciting
the system so that it has energy with which to do work, and (2) then discharging
this free excitation energy in the load without simultaneously destroying the
source dipole providing the continual
potentializing.
The conventional COP<1.0
electrical power system restores net 3-space symmetry by continually destroying
the "free asymmetrical regauging" component: the source dipole, and using more
of the energy freely received from the vacuum via dipole asymmetry to destroy
the dipole than is used to power the load.
This requires that at least as much 3-space energy be input to the system
again, to restore the dipole and thus potentialize the external circuit, as was
used to destroy the dipole. Hence
as much 3-space energy has to be input as is dissipated in all the loads and
losses, including inside the generator.
For that reason, our scientists and engineers unwittingly but
deliberately design and build only COP<1.0
systems.
Without elaboration, we also accent
that spacetime curvature is always involved in an overunity EM power system, and
the tempic (time) potential of the output end of an overunity system differs
from the tempic potential of the input end, so that the gradient (the tempic
force) is directed from output to input—exactly the reversal of the case for a
COP<1.0 power system.
GAUGE TRANSFORMATION (IN
ELECTROMAGNETICS)
In EM, gauge transformation is
conventionally taken to be the addition of the gradient of some function of
space and time to the magnetic vector potential—and simultaneously the addition
of the negative of the partial derivative of the same function with respect to
time, divided by the speed of light, to the electric scalar
potential.
This procedure gives different
potentials but leaves the electric and magnetic fields unchanged. It restricts gauge transformations to net symmetrical transformations. However, the increase or decrease in
potential energy of the system, due to changing the potentials, results in a
change in the stress of the system and a change in its stress energy. This is because two new antiparallel
forces are created, which change the stress of the
system.
In essence, gauge symmetry then
involves the implicit assumption that a functioning system is the same
regardless of how it is stressed, and regardless of the state of its stress
energy. We point out that,
gravitationally, this is not true since any change in the local potential energy
of the system is a spacetime curvature change, hence a gravitational
change.
GENERAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY
Einstein's
theory of gravity in which the gravitational force is represented by a curvature
in spacetime.
GIANT NEGENTROPY (OF THE
DIPOLE)
The receipt from the time domain
of spacetime (the vacuum), by any dipolarity, of enormous longitudinal EM wave
energy flow, transduction of that absorbed energy from the complex plane into
real 3-space, and emission of that enormous energy flow in all directions in
3-space, automatically and indefinitely after a little energy has been expended
to separate the charges and make the dipole. The EM waves in the input from the time
domain and the output in 3-space are perfectly ordered and correlated, which is
a giant ordering of the vacuum/spacetime and is thus a giant
negentropy.
In circuits, the source dipole in
the generator or battery, once made, performs this function. Only a minuscule fraction (some
10-13) of the energy
pouring out of the generator's or battery's terminals strikes the surface
charges of that attached external circuit and is diverged into the conductors to
power the Drude electrons and the circuit.
All the rest is just wasted.
See my paper, "Giant Negentropy from
the Common Dipole," ibid.
GRAVITON
The quantum (smallest piece) of
the gravitational field, with spin 2.
In the quantum theory of general
relativity, the graviton is massless and has spin 2. In the new approach, a
graviton is considered to be a paired (coupled) photon and antiphoton, each of
which has spin one, so that the graviton couplet has spin 2. A scalar potential
is comprised of gravitons, not merely photons, since it can be decomposed into a
harmonic series of bidirectional wavepairs. In each wavepair, a wave and its
antiwave precisely superpose. We insist on a further strong condition: that in
the biwave, the photons comprising the wave and the antiphotons comprising the
antiwave also must obey the distortion
correction theorem. This means that the antiphotons and photons are
passing through each other in opposite directions, continually coupling into
gravitons and decoupling again.
GRAVITY
The phenomenon characterized by
the physical attraction of any two material bodies.
Actually, in modern general
relativity it is the trapped energy in the masses that produce the gravity
potentials. Ideally, the gravitational force between two masses is proportional
to the product of the masses divided by the square of the distance between them.
In the new approach, one recognizes that mass itself is defined in terms of, and
identically consists of, the time derivative of an action flux. [For a
force-free fundamental definition of mass, see T.E. Bearden, Quiton/Perceptron Physics: A Theory of Existence, Perception, and
Physical Phenomena, National Technical Information System, Report AD-763210,
1973.] A photon flux is also an action flux. A virtual photon flux is an action
flux. So the vacuum consists of a gigantic action flux—which with certain
interactions forms mass itself. But since photons are action quanta and photon
flux is action flux, and since mass and gravitation are functions imposed on
such action flux; then mass, EM, and gravitation become different aspects of the
same thing. All of them can be electromagnetically engineered, directly, as
indeed can be the flow of time itself. By affecting the flow of time
electromagnetically, one is thus able to affect the gravitational force between
two objects electromagnetically. Antigravity, for example, can be achieved by a
mechanism that is given in this glossary. Hutchinson has demonstrated the
levitation of objects weighing up to 60 lbs., albeit sporadically and
uncontrollably. At my urgent request, Sweet performed a highly successful
antigravity experiment some years ago, reducing the weight of a 6-pound object
by 90%, smoothly and controllably, in several smoothly controlled steps. I
consider that the experiment tested and validated my approach to an engineerable
mechanism for antigravity. For the results of the test, see Floyd Sweet and T.E.
Bearden, "Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy," Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy
Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC '91), Boston, Massachusetts, 1991,
p. 370-375.
GROSS PARTICLE TRANSLATION
Refers to translating the entire
particle in space, rather than internally structuring the particle's potential
(massless charge).
GROSS POTENTIAL GRADIENT
FIELDS
The usual gradient in a scalar
potential's gross magnitude, as in -Ñf .
GYROELECTRONS
Spinning electrons considered as
gyroscopes, so that when longitudinally perturbed they can and will laterally
precess.
Considering (in a gross first order
model) the conduction electrons in the Drude gas in a conductor as little gyros,
because they are (i) spinning on an axis, (ii) severely restrained in their
ability to move forward longitudinally down the conductor as current, and (iii)
much more free to precess laterally in the conductor. Thus when the
gyroelectrons in the receiving wire antenna, perturbed by an incoming
longitudinal EM wave in the vacuum, are longitudinally perturbed, they precess
laterally so that our instruments (which detect electron wiggles, not the
incoming vacuum EM wave) do detect "transverse waves." However, they are
detecting the transverse gyroelectron precession waves. The old
electrodynamicists, long before the electron or the atom was discovered, simply
envisioned the incoming EM wave as "waves in the thin material fluid ether"
which were "intercepted" as electric fluid waves in the antenna. Hence since
their instruments reported that the intercepted "electric fluid" was vibrating
transversely, they firmly believed (erroneously) that this proved the ether wave
to be transverse also, just as those "taut string waves" that Maxwell and
Faraday had believed in. That is the total raison d'etre behind the mistaken notion
of the transverse EM wave in the vacuum ether!
HARMONIC SERIES
Consisting of a fundamental
frequency, its first harmonic, its second harmonic, etc.
HEAVISIDE,
OLIVER
Noted English self-taught
physicist and brilliant electrodynamicist, 1850-1925, who played a role in
discarding Maxwell's quaternions, and also played a role in forming vector
mathematics and formulating the vector reduction of Maxwell's theory from 20
quaternion equations in some 20 unknowns to the present 4 vector
equations.
What are presently taught as
"Maxwell's equations" in university are actually Heaviside's
equations.
Lorentz symmetrically regauged the
Maxwell-Heaviside equations, again greatly simplifying their mathematical
solution—and also unwittingly discarding all permissible overunity Maxwellian
systems in the process.
HEAVISIDE ENERGY FLOW
COMPONENT
(1)
The enormous nonintercepted and nondiverged energy flow
component pouring out of the terminals of the battery or generator, and missing
the external circuit entirely so that it is wasted.
(2)
The enormous energy in the EM field, potential, or wave
that misses the interaction of the field, potential, or wave with the assumed
unit point static electric charge.
(3)
See also discussion under Giant
Negentropy.
HERACLITUS
To be
added.
HERTZ,
HEINRICH
Noted German physicist who
together with Heaviside and others transformed Maxwell's theory from quaternion
algebra to vector algebra, and who also produced EM waves, thus confirming
Maxwell's theory.
HIDDEN BIWAVES
Those bidirectional EM wavepairs
that comprise the scalar potential are indeed "hidden" with respect to our
normal "electron translation" (i.e., electron wiggle) detectors and
instruments.
HIDDEN VARIABLE THEORY
A class of quantum mechanical
theories which considers that the quantum state of a physical system is not a
complete specification after all. The "hidden variables"
are those additional components necessary to provide the "complete state" of the
system.
The hidden variables are those extra
components of the theorized complete state, which are not contained in the
quantum state. Bohm's hidden variables theory is the best known of all of these
theories, and makes the same predictions as does the conventional quantum
mechanics. In addition, it eliminates the terrible problem of the "missing
chaos," eliminates the quantum measurement problem, and it suggests that quantum
mechanics can be engineered if the hidden variables themselves can be
engineered. In the new approach, one goes a step further by considering hidden
EM variables infolded inside the potentials themselves, including inside the
quantum potential utilized by Bohm. The advantage of this assumption is that it
poses an engineerable interpretation,
after work by Stoney, Whittaker, and Ziolkowski. Further, the Russians have
utilized this type of EM hidden variable theory, along with the quantum
potential, to develop secret advanced weapons. The physics of this area is
called energetics.
HIERONYMUS, T.
GALEN
Founder of the American version
of radionics, who patented a radionics machine and process to start the cycle of
radionics in this country.
HILBERT,
DAVID
Noted German mathematician,
1862-1943, who did advanced work in geometry, theory of invariants, integral
equations, and mathematical physicist.
Noted particularly for his
development of Hilbert space.
HOLE
(ELECTRON HOLE)
An unfilled vacancy in an ordering of electron energy
levels, as in a lattice or in the Dirac Sea.
Electron energy levels have two energy states: (1) positive energy state, and (2) negative energy state. The positive energy states are
associated with the positions of normal energy electrons. The negative energy states are almost
all filled, and this is the Dirac sea.
The absence of an electron from either energy state creates
a particular kind of hole. When an
electron is absent from an electron positive energy state position in a lattice,
that results in an excess of positive charge at that point vacated by the
electron. Note that when an
electron then refills that hole (recombination occurs), the electron remains in
a positive energy state, does not disappear, and no radiation
occurs.
When an electron is lifted from an electron negative energy
state in the Dirac sea, that leaves behind a hole in the negative energy state
in the Dirac sea. When an electron
subsequently refills that hole, it "falls" in and disappears, decaying to a
lower energy level and emitting radiation due to the difference in the energy
levels.
The difference between holes in the Dirac sea and holes in
the electron positive energy levels in a lattice, are very different. In short, they lead to two quite
different kinds of "hole and electron" interactions. In the lattice "hole-filling"
(recombination), there is no excess radiation given off and the electron does
not disappear from the positive energy continuum. In the Dirac sea hole-filling, excess
radiation is given off and the electron disappears from the positive energy
continuum.
Under the influence of an electric field, a positive energy hole in a crystal
lattice—where an electron has left and is therefore absent—will effectively
propagate through the lattice as a positive charge, but usually much slower than
the electron propagates in the opposite direction as an electron current. The process is actually more
complex and involves continuous interaction with the electrons and their
physical distribution pattern and location. The hole current is mathematically
treated as a special positive charge current, often referred to as a positron
current. In a current-carrying
conductor or semiconductor, one has a current of electrons traveling in one
direction and simultaneously a current of holes (hole positrons) traveling in
the opposite direction, but recombining.
As stated, in addition to lattice holes, there also can
exist unfilled holes in the Dirac negative energy states comprising the vacuum,
particularly when fields are present.
In this case, it is a negative
energy hole. A positive energy
electron that falls into a Dirac sea hole will emit energy as it falls to that
lower energy state. To lift one of
the electrons from the Dirac sea and leave a hole, energy must therefore be
added to the negative energy electron in the Dirac hole.
When fields are present, Dirac holes may exist and may move
as hole current in circuits under certain conditions. The situation is complex; see Felix
Finster, "Definition of the Dirac Sea in the Presence of External Fields," Adv. Theor. Math. Phys., Vol. 2, 1998,
p. 963-985. Updated copy (version
4) is on http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/9705006.
When a free electron fills a positive energy hole in a
lattice (positive electron energy state), this effectively disposes of both the
hole and the free electron which is
now a bound electron, and is called
recombination. The electron does not disappear. In a material lattice, there is no
energy radiation from this, just the disappearance of the hole and the "binding"
of a free electron so that it is no longer free.
In visualizing positive hole currents, passing the hole
current though a surplus of available electrons (as in a negative charge donor
material) will result in "hole filling" and recombinations. One may therefore speak of disposing of
unwanted hole current by recombination, and in fact this is widely accomplished
in semiconductors by controlling the doping.
HOLE
CONDUCTION (LATTICE)
The movement of electron vacancies (holes) in a
lattice continually left behind by
hopping of the electrons as they break loose from their bonded positions and
move freely in an electron current.
When an electron hops out of a lattice bond, it leaves
behind a bonding gap or "hole" in the positive electron energy state at that
bond site, so that an extra positive charge appears there at the hole. As the electrons move in one direction
in a conducting lattice, the holes move in the opposite direction in a "positive
current", but at a much slower pace than the electron current moves.
HOLE
CURRENT (LATTICE)
See hole conduction
(lattice).
HOMEOPATHY
A system of medical treatment
based on the theory that certain diseases can be cured by giving very small
doses of substances which in a healthy person would produce symptoms like those
of the disease. (Opposed to allopathy).
Homeopathy is based upon formation
and use of dimensioned potentials (particularly the potential composed of the
extremely rapid "making and breaking" hydrogen bonds in a fluid) containing
vacuum engines. Any material or solute, and therefore any molecule, contains its
own specific vacuum engine, its own charges, and its own dimensioned potential.
Dissolving the material in water, or even using a suspension of it in water,
allows the bonding potential in the water to interact with the potential of the
solute or suspension. Potentials superpose, and they also diffuse and mix their
inner structures (vacuum engines) into each other. So the material or solute
diffuses its vacuum engines into the interior of the hydrogen bonding potential,
in effect ordering and templating the hydrogen bonding itself! Vigorous shaking
of the suspension or solution assures that all the fluid and H-bonding potential
is exposed to the solute of suspended particles, so that a thorough exchange of
vacuum engines occurs. This process in homeopathy is called potentizing. It's actually just creating
the desired internal vacuum engines in the H-bonding potential of the water.
Once that's done, there's really no further need for the solute or the suspended
particles. By repeatedly diluting the solution to the extreme, then one can
reach a point where there is a high probability that not a single molecule of
the original solute is remaining in the fluid. Yet in each dilution, shaking can
be used to insure the even spread of the vacuum engines through the newly
introduced H-bonding potential in the newly introduced water. At the end, there
exists an altered fluid whose H-bonding potential now contains the desired
vacuum engines. Drinking that water now introduces those vacuum engines into the
body fluids, bloodstream, etc. The ingested dilute new vacuum engines will then
diffuse through the various potentials of the body, and produce altered chemical
functioning of the kind that could have been induced by the chemical or active
solute material. The advantage is that the harsh material residue of the
chemical or solute is not present in the body, as it is when allopathy is
utilized.
HYPERFUNCTIONING
Functioning in hyperspace as
opposed to 4-dimensional Minkowski space.
Higher topological
functioning.
HYPERSPACE
Refers to a space of more than
four dimensions, and specifically to those spatial dimensions outside the normal
three.
IDENTITY OF
OPPOSITES
On the boundary, A and not-A are
identical. If all of a thing is
collected, one reaches the boundary of that thing and it turns into its own
opposite.
INERTIAL FRAME
A frame of reference in which
force-free bodies move along straight lines, and the postulates of special
relativity are valid.
In the new approach, this notion is
extended; even in an inertial frame, force-free bodies may move along straight
lines, the postulates of special relativity may remain valid, and yet the EM
hidden variable may induce other changes in the usual laws of nature due to the
action of hidden vacuum engines infolded in the dimensioned local spacetime (vacuum
potential).
INFOLDED HIDDEN DYNAMICS
Refers
to:
(i) Bohm's hidden variable theory
and the internal dynamics of the hidden variables/entities themselves,
and
(ii) to the hidden biwave pairs
comprising a scalar potential, with the internal dynamics of those waves such as
tuning off harmonic frequency, multiplication, variation of phasing and
magnitude, etc.
Also, by Whittaker 1903 the scalar
potential can be decomposed into the bidirectional wavepair set in harmonic
series. By Whittaker 1904, each of the waves in a biwave pair can be further
decomposed into two potentials, so each pair of waves would consist of four
potentials. That is, the entire set of internal biwave pairs can be replaced by
four times as many internal "partial potentials" as was the number of biwave
pairs. Then Whittaker 1903 can be applied once again to break each one of those
scalar potentials into new biwave pairs, and so forth and so forth. So the
potential can be expressed as waves within waves within waves, or potentials
within potentials within potentials, and so on. The neat thing is that each
successive infolding (internesting) is a higher dimensional functioning and a
higher topology. So one can build (with some little pain!) specific infolded
wave patterns that will work in—say—the 7th dimension of hyperspace, or the
eighth dimension, and so on. This is why I called the internal structuring of a
potential (or the two potentials comprising an EM wave) dimensioning the potential or the wave.
As a half-baked nuclear engineer whom the Army never let practice his
discipline, I wanted some way to directly engineer the nucleus. That has now been found. Unfortunately
it has also already been highly weaponized in secrecy by one or more foreign
nations. In other words, one can design a signal and assemble it (with some
difficulty) that will flip one quark in a nucleon in an atom. That way one can
transmute an element either into the next higher element isomer or the next
lower element isomer. Using a quantum potential to "transport" the necessary
vacuum engines, the effect can be accomplished at a great distance, in multiple
targets simultaneously, and the effect is not shieldable. "Jumps" in nuclear
transmutation can also be accomplished. The migration of electrons to and from
an atom (as in solution, e.g.) makes and negates ions continuously. Thus
continually the external potentials and the nuclear potentials intercommunicate.
This means that their vacuum engines continually diffuse. Any dimensioning of
the external potentials will be passed into the nuclear potentials as a
dimensioning action also. If certain conditioning vacuum engines are present in
the external potentials, then the slow diffusion into the nuclear potentials
begins to affect the nucleons and their interactions, the quarks comprising the
nucleons, the particles such as pions continually exchanged between nucleons,
etc. The mechanism for nuclear transmutations and production of new species is
there! I believe, e.g., and am working to more clearly express, that the major
mechanism producing the new nuclear species in cold fusion experiments just such
dimensioned potentials, involving the inadvertent dimensioning of potentials
comprised of the hydrogen bondings of the water and other
factors.
INFOLDED REAL VECTOR
COMPONENTS
Well, simply take a set of real
force vectors that altogether sum to a vector zero resultant.
That "vector zero system" is a zero
with respect to forced translation of
a particle or mass. It is not an absence per se, but is the presence of
specifically hidden and "infolded" real vectors. Two elephants pushing each
other to a draw form such a "zero-translating" system. That "zero system" is
quite different from two crickets pushing against each other to a draw! Anyone
who thinks all zeros are "absences" and who thinks all zeros are equal, is
invited to try standing between the crickets and observing how he feels, then
standing between the elephants and see how he feels. The latter might be a real
bummer. So zeros can differ! And a zero can be a presence of many real things,
all still there but "infolded" and "hidden," but just the absence of any one and only one thing. Even in
arithmetic, e.g., we are free to pull 5-3-2 right out of 0, or pull out
4-7+8-6-2+5+1+1-3-1/2-1/2 (if I got the arithmetic correct!). And so on. So we
have always used the fact that a net
zero can have a real internal composition, without detailing it exactly. We
teach our schoolchildren to do it, but fail to tell them what they are
doing!
When you sum EM force fields to
zero, the fields are still there and real. You have altered the energy of the
system or volume, and also the potential energy of the system or volume. And you
have done it in specific directions, magnitudes, etc. along the "fingers" of the
infolded patterns. In short, you have made a specific vacuum engine. Mass,
fluid, nuclei, molecules, etc. exposed to that "conditioned vacuum potential"
may well undergo physical and chemical and electrical changes. Golden once
performed experiments which powerfully conditioned the local vacuum, and all
clocks and watches (mechanical, electrical, etc.) in the local area were awry
for four days.
INFOLDING
With reference to signals,
infolding means "placing the signal or modulation or change upon one or more of
the internal bidirectional wavepairs comprising the scalar
potential.
Since all EM potentials ultimately
represent changes to the ambient vacuum potential, one has conditioned or
altered the vacuum itself when infolding is utilized. Infolding of EM signals,
vectors, and directions produces vacuum
engines. By Whittaker's principle and Bearden's corollary, these vacuum
engines can be designed to affect matter—including atomic nuclei, nucleons,
etc.—in any manner desired.
INFORMATION CONTENT OF THE
FIELD
Russian euphemism for the
structuring of the hidden longitudinal EM waves and their dynamics, that
comprise any EM potential, field, or wave.
INFRASONIC
Below sonic.
Frequencies below what the ear can
hear. Below about 20 Hertz.
INTERFEROMETER
An instrument in which a wave is
split into two waves or beams, which after traveling over different paths are
subsequently reunited and display interference.
INTERFEROMETRY
Measurement of wavelengths of
light and very small distances and thicknesses,
...for determining indices of
refraction, and for analyzing small parts of a spectrum by means of the
interference phenomena of light.
INTERNAL
SPACE
To be
added.
ITERATED
Done repeatedly, like picking beans one at a
time.
JOSEPHSON EFFECT
Flow of Cooper pairs
(superconducting electron pairs) across a thin dielectric separating two
superconducting electrons, in the absence of a voltage drop.
That is, the pair of electrons can
"tunnel" through a thin insulating barrier.
JOSEPHSON JUNCTION
The thin dielectric separating
two superconducting electrons, with subsequent Josephson tunneling of Cooper
pairs.
JOSEPHSON TUNNELING
See Josephson
effect.
JOULE
A measure of
energy.
One joule equals one watt for one
second. In physics the unit of work or energy in the MKS system, being the
amount of work done by one newton acting through a distance of one meter, equal
to 10,000,000 ergs.
JUNG, CARL
GUSTOV
Noted Swiss psychiatrist and
psychologist who founded Jungian analytical psychology, formulated the principle
of synchronicity, and advanced and delineated collective unconscious
mind.
From the content of his German
patients, Jung predicted WW II two decades before it
occurred.
KINDLING
Coherent integration (adding) of similar virtual components
among the vast "noise" of dissimilar virtual components, so that the
"signal-to-noise" ratio of the integrated signal steadily increases, and the
integrated "observable signal" grows out of the background virtual state
noise.
This "kindling" process is directly analogous to coherent
integration of nondiscernible radar signals far beneath the received noise, to
build and extract the real radar return signals from targets. This sort of process dramatically
increases the "sensitivity" of the radar.
Real, very tiny signals even 100 dB or more beneath the noise level can
be retrieved in such fashion by modern radars.
Similar processes can integrate very minute signals already
passed into the virtual state and presumed to be nonexistent. Usually, however, the difference
frequency between two frequencies at least one harmonic interval apart must be
used, considering the vacuum's virtual flux state as an isotropic nonlinear
medium.
One may also hypothesize that potentials and propagating
signals may decrease with distance, but are never truly "lost" in that they
never reach a total zero. When they
reach the quantum level, further decrease in amplitude simply results in their
passing into the virtual state (subquantum level).
KIRCHHOFF'S CURRENT-LAW
At any time, the sum of the
instantaneous currents flowing into a node or point in a circuit equals the sum
of the instantaneous currents flowing out of that node or
point.
KIRCHHOFF'S VOLTAGE
LAW
At any time, the sum of all
voltage rises in a closed loop circuit equals the sum of all drops in that
closed loop circuit.
LAMB, WILLIS EUGENE
JR.
American physicist and Nobelian
who discovered the hyperfine structure of the hydrogen spectrum, and first
measured the interaction of the vacuum energy that generates a change in the
energy levels of the hydrogen atom, according to Dirac's theory and quantum
electrodynamics.
LAMB
SHIFT
A very small correction to the first excited state of the hydrogen atom due to interaction of the vacuum.
Willis
Lamb experimentally confirmed this prediction of quantum electrodynamics to high
accuracy.
LAMELLAR CURRENT
Current in thin
layers.
Thin layers of current. Thin sheets
of current.
LASER
A device that generates light in
which all the photons are exactly in step and produce a coherent
beam.
Laser light has one wavelength and
is more easily controlled than other kinds of light. Use of a laser to perform
interferometry is one way to create holograms; use of a laser to illuminate a
hologram is one way to read it. Originally the word "laser" was an acronym that
stood for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." Note that
when TiO2 particles in suspension, with a small amount of fluorescent
dye added, are weakly illuminated by a small coherent light source (a laser), a
tremendous room-filling output of coherent light emission occurs, by the
anti-Stokes emission effect. This is lasing without population inversion, and it
is a validated and easily testable overunity process. This is the process
patented by Lawandy.
LASING
WITHOUT INVERSION
The amplification of coherent light in an intensely
scattering medium, comprised of
certain powdered laser crystals or suspensions of similar material, where
a variety of phenomena such as gain narrowing and amplifying random walk of
light propagating in the medium, combine to give laser emission with diffusive
feedback.
Gain tends to depend on the volume of the medium, so that
at a certain medium the gain in light amplification by the medium exceeds the
losses, and the laser action results above this critical volume. The intensity of the light scattering
(multiply reflecting) in the medium then will increase rapidly until an "explosion" of light results in
an intense flash of coherent light in all directions from the medium
volume.
If the excitation is still present, the process will be
repeated and the energy density will again exceed the critical value, rapidly
generating another intense flash of light.
This process can be repeated many times, given the presence of continued
excitation.
A very interesting phenomena that can occur is coherent
backscattering. Here the light
scatters over both a forward-time path and a time-reversed path, perhaps with
each path consisting of more than 1,000 scatterings. Because of time-reversal symmetry, the
two waves (forward and backward) acquire exactly the same (though random!)
phase. So the two waves after all
this 1,000 scatterings on their paths, meet and interfere constructively in the
direction back toward the exciting light source.
In theory the mean free path can be made shorter and
shorter, so that all the light would be trapped inside the medium. This is called Anderson localization,
and it has been reported in the literature; see D.S. Wiersma, P. Bartolini, A.
Lagendiji, and R. Righini, "Localization of light in a disordered medium," Nature, Vol. 390, 1997, p. 671; John
Sajeev, "Frozen light," ibid., p.
661-662.
This work grew out of original work called out by Letokhov
but largely ignored for more than two decades.
References: D. Wiersma and A. Lagendijk, "Laser action in
very white paint," Physics World,
Jan. 1997, p. 33-37; — "Light diffusion with gain and random lasers," Physical Review E54, 1996, p. 4256;
N.M. Lawandy et al., "Laser action in strongly scattering media," Nature, Vol. 368, 1994, p. 436; V.S.
Letokhov, Generation of light by a scattering medium with negative resonance
absorption," Sov. Phys. JETP, Vol.
26, 1968, p. 835.
Note that we have nominated a version of this process,
together with consideration of the erroneously discarded Heaviside nondiverged
energy flow component, as the fundamental mechanism proposed to be involved in
gamma ray bursters, x-ray bursters, and in some gamma ray and x-ray flashes
associated with atmospheric phenomena on earth in thunderstorms, etc. We also nominated the missing Heaviside
energy flow component as the agent accounting for the excess gravity (some 90%
of the total gravity) in the arms of spiral galaxies that hole those arms intact
so they do not fly apart. See T.E.
Bearden, "Dark Matter or Dark Energy?", Journal of New Energy, 4(4), Spring
2000, p. 4-11 (also available on http://www.cheniere.org);/ — "Giant
Negentropy from the Common Dipole," Proceedings of Congress 2000, St.
Petersburg, Russia, Vol. 1, July 2000 , p. 86-98. Also published in Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer
2000, p. 11-23. Also carried on DoE
open website http://www.ott.doe.gov/papersbooks.html
and on http://www.cheniere.org/index.html.
LAW OF PHYSICS
A restriction placed upon the
physical mechanisms that can occur under certain broad assumptions as to the
background situation and environment.
Actually, in nature there are no
such rigidly fixed "laws"; these are only man's synthesis for the behavior of
large classes of systems under very general conditions. Any "law of physics" can
be violated if the conditions contained in its assumptions are violated.
Conservation laws are often touted as "laws of physics." Actually, the
conservation laws assume a closed system or one in equilibrium, and a linear
spacetime (Lorentz frame). If either or both of these assumptions is locally
violated, any or all of the conservation laws can be violated locally, even
though the overall global conservation is still upheld. Quite simply, in that
case one has opened the system (broken symmetry). In particle physics, broken
symmetry already results in violation of one or more of the conservation laws.
In leading Russian physics journals, papers are regularly published containing
unrestricted general relativity with concomitant violation of any and all
conservation laws.
LAWANDY PATENTS
Patents covering and related to
anti-Stokes emission (excess emission of energy) in strongly scattering,
optically active media such as TiO2 particles in suspension.
More energy is emitted than one must
input to stimulate the effect. It is being hailed as a new form of lasing,
without the requirement for population inversion.
LETOKHOV, V.
S.
Russian pioneer in excess
emission phenomena from stimulated media.
LETOKHOV EFFECT
The excess emission (overunity
emission of energy) phenomena in strongly scattering, optically active media,
usually referred to as "negative absorption of the medium".
For an overview, see V. S.
Letokhov, “Stimulated emission of an ensemble of scattering
particles with negative absorption,” ZhETF Plasma, 5(8), Apr. 15, 1967, p.
262-265; —“Generation of light by a
scattering medium with negative resonance absorption,” Sov. Phys. JETP, 26(4), Apr. 1968, p.
835-839; — “Laser Maxwell’s Demon,” Contemporary Physics, 36(4), 1995, p.
235-243.
LOCALITY
Characteristic where interactions are local in
spacetime.
LOCALIZED
Confined
to a small region of a large system rather than being extended through the
system or at a distance.
LOCAL VIRTUAL PHOTON FLUX OF
VACUUM
Refers to a local region of the
vacuum, which also refers to the vacuum
flux density of that region.
LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT
In EM waves, the longitudinal
component of the fields along the direction of travel,
...as opposed to the transverse
components at right angles to the direction of
travel.
LONGITUDINAL E-FIELD
We may divide any electrical
field into two components, a transverse component and a longitudinal
component.
Of course one or the other may be a
zero vector.
LONGITUDINAL GRADIENT
Compression wave gradients
(differences) in density or pressure,
...considered in a direction from
their origin along the direction of primary movement, vs. transverse waves,
which act perpendicular to that direction.
LONGITUDINAL INTERIOR WAVE
In conventional theory, the
electric portion of the EM wave is a transverse field oscillation, and the
longitudinal component is essentially zero.
In the new "infolded" wave approach,
there is no overall transverse gradient in the vacuum potential, but there is an
infolded longitudinal gradient which oscillates "inside the vacuum potential."
This is rather like a "pressure wave" transmitted under water, without causing a
surface wave involving physical upheaval and fall-off of the water. In EM, by
analogy the speed of the "bulk upheaval" transverse wave is nominally c, the
speed of light in vacuum [but see discussion of galloping waves, for what really
happens!]. The speed of the pressure wave, under water, may be very much greater
than c, because it is a special "tunneling" process and it also involves the
galloping wave effect. Experimental measurement of superluminal tunneling
velocities—such as more than 4c—are already well-known in the
literature.
To better visualize this "pressure
wave," consider that it is like a sort of "velocity modulation" upon the edge of
the conventionally-visualized plane wave front of a traveling transverse wave,
except now the plane itself does not move. All the succeeding planes are
"bumped" by the velocity modulation of one plane, and so the velocity modulation
propagates through (inside) the vacuum potential as a modulated pressure wave,
without transverse change of the potential.
Now we have a very special medium!
It consists of bidirectional EM wave pairs, one passing through the other. In
such a case, it is already known that the speed of a "planar wave front" in the
superposition and resulting interference of two oppositely moving waves can in
fact greatly exceed the speed of light momentarily, then slow dramatically below
than the speed of light, etc., so long as the average velocity is c. This is
called the galloping wave effect. [E.g., see William G. Harter et al.,
"Galloping waves and their relativistic properties, American Journal of Physics, 53(7),
July 1985, p. 671-679.]. Since the plane wavefront within the interior can in fact vary its velocity, we are
quite free to use this "velocity pulse modulation" effect of wavefront speed
variation, to place signal intelligence upon the planar wave front speed
variations. So we can transmit hidden pressure waves with intelligence on them,
through the interior of the vacuum potential. Further, the restriction to an average
velocity of c does not have to apply, and the planar pressure pulses can be
transmitted much faster than c. This is the basis of the work Fogal and I
are struggling with, in order to achieve superluminal communication. It is also
what we have been struggling with in an effort to come up with a communication
system that can propagate infolded signals inside the H-bonding potential of the
ocean itself, so that high-data-rate communications with deep submarines could
be utilized, at any distance, and the huge, gawky, frightfully expensive, and
environment-affecting ELF systems be done away with. We also think it should
eventually be possible to develop an underwater radar type of system, but it's
far too early at this point to try to conceptualize just exactly how it would
work.
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
A "pressure" type of wave,
similar to sound, in which the vibrations are along the direction of travel of
the wave.
Hence, a wave composed of
alternating densifications and rarefactions, where we focus upon the
longitudinal component of the changes. In the past we have used the term "scalar
waves" to imply longitudinal standing waves, such as in one infolded
Stoney-Whittaker wavepair inside the scalar potential. In classical EM theory,
the Poynting vector predicts no longitudinal wave of energy from a time-varying,
electrically charged source. In fact, even in the ordinary theory, an exact
solution of the problem does allow this longitudinal wave, as shown by Keech and
Corum, International Journal of
Theoretical Physics, 20(1), 1981,
pp. 63-68. Conventionally, as explained elsewhere in this glossary, the
classical electromagnetic wave is modeled as a vector string wave, comprised of
transverse vibrations on implicitly assumed material taut strings in the vacuum.
In the new approach, such transverse vector force field waves (Hertz waves) do
not exist as such in vacuum; instead,
two coupled, dynamic scalar potentials exist there. The E and B fields are formed and exist as the
these potentials and their gradient coupling to spinning charged detecting mass
particles.
LONGITUDINALLY
Of or in length. Running or placed or operating or changing lengthwise.
Opposed to transverse.
LORENTZ, HENDRIK
ANTOON
Renowned Dutch physicist and
Nobelist, 1853-1928, who developed the Lorentz transformations and
Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction.
He shared the Nobel Prize for
discovering the Zeeman effect.
LORENTZ
INVARIANCE
An
inertial frame is independent of the velocity of the frame relative to any other
frame.
LORENTZ INVARIANCE
PRINCIPLE
The principle that the laws of physics are the same
in all reference frames.
LORENTZ
REGAUGING
Changing the two potentials in
the Maxwell-Heaviside equations in potential form so that the resulting
equations have the variables separated.
An unfortunate effect is that this
discards all Maxwellian systems far from equilibrium in their vacuum exchange,
hence discards all permissible Maxwellian COP>1.0
systems.
LORENTZ
SYMMETRY
Referring to the symmetrical
regauging by Lorentz of Maxwell's equations.
LORENZ, LUDWIG
VALENTIN
Scientist who first changed
Maxwell's equations—two years after their publication in 1865—by (effectively)
symmetrically regauging them, thereby unwittingly discarding all Maxwellian
systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium with the active
vacuum.
See L. V. Lorenz, "On the identity of the vibrations of light with electrical currents," Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 34, 1867, p. 287-301. In this paper Lorenz gave essentially what today is called the Lorentz symmetrical regauging.
Comment: (gratefully received from T. Barrett) This paper gave f(t-r/c) functions. Fitzgerald said that Lorenz's functions were essentially the same as his, and Fitzgerald became a leading proponent of "retarded potentials". But it is believed that Fitzgerald was unaware of Lorenz's work until the 1880's, so he is given credit for parallel development. Some people talk of Fitzgerald-Lorenz functions. This is a regauging, but the term "gauge" (inspired by railroad gauges) was first introduced by Hermann Weyl in the 1900s. He used it for a change in length and was shot down by Einstein's theory—Weyl's theory was not relativistic. The idea resurfaced in the 1920s when quantum theory was being formulated, but this time it meant "change in phase" and not "change in length".
Comment
by T.E.B.: Thus "Lorentz" regauging of Maxwell's equations really was first
done by Lorenz in 1967. However,
not too much attention was paid to L. V. Lorenz' work (e.g., by
Fitzgerald). When H. A. Lorentz
later used symmetrical regauging (essentially Lorenz' regauging), his influence
was so great that it was adopted straightaway and has remained adopted to this
day.
LOW ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTION
(LENR)
Cold fusion, or the anomalous
transmutations of elements which occur in certain electrolytes with specially
prepared palladium electrodes.
The transmutations occur even though
in conventional theory there is insufficient energy to accomplish
them.
Conventional science has rather
vehemently attacked cold fusion and many of the cold fusion scientists, even
though there are now hundreds of successful experiments in multiple laboratories
throughout the world.
In our view, once the
properly-prepared palladium lattices are loaded with positive ions, the
formation of temporary, fleeting time-reversal zones in the electrolyte
temporarily reverses the law of attraction and repulsion of charges. Thus H+ ions, e.g., may attract each
other in even numbers (opposite numbers are forbidden by the Pauli exclusion
principle), so closely that each enters the strong (nuclear) force region of the
other, so that the group becomes a quasi-nucleus. Note that the gluons are partially
"unglued" by the TRZ formation, and so the preferred method of "decay" of the
anomalous TRZ state as the surrounding electrolyte ions move to negate it, is by
flipping of a quark. One D+ ion
coupled to one H+ ion, e.g., when attracted into a quasi-nucleus in a TRZ, may
decay into tritium by flipping one quark and changing one of the protons into a
neutron. Two H+ ions may decay into
deuterium (D+) by flipping one quark and turning an H+ into a neutron. Two D+ ions may simply "tighten further"
into a real nucleus as the TRZ decays, and result in an alpha particle (helium
nucleus). The TRZ hypothesis does
precisely explain the most important reactions that are experimentally shown to
occur. For more on this hypothesis,
see T. E. Bearden, "EM Corrections Enabling a Practical Unified
Field Theory with Emphasis on Time-Charging Interactions of Longitudinal EM
Waves," Explore, 8(6), 1998, p.
7-16; — ., "EM Corrections Enabling a Practical Unified Field Theory with
Emphasis on Time-Charging Interactions of Longitudinal EM Waves," Journal of
New Energy, 3(2/3), 1998, p. 12-28.
MAGNETIC DIPOLE
Paired north and south magnetic
poles of equal strength over microscopic or macroscopic
distance.
MAGNETIC INDUCTION
The act of a change in magnetic
field producing an electric field at right angles, which in turn produces
electron flow.
MAGNETIC SPIN
Refers to the intrinsic angular
momentum, known as spin, of electrons, protons, and neutrons,
etc.
The electrons combined in an atom or
ion have a resultant angular momentum, that is the combined intrinsic spin of
the electrons and the angular momentum due to their motion around the nucleus.
There is also a magnetic moment associated with this angular momentum (spin)
whenever it is nonzero. Therefore atoms or ions with nonzero spin are magnetic atoms or ions. This is often
loosely referred to as "magnetic spin." It is actually the magnetic moment of
nonzero spin.
MAGNETOELECTRONICS
New microelectronic components which exploit the spin of
the electron rather than its charge.
References: A Barthelemy et al., "Giant Steps with Tiny Magnets,"
Physics World, Nov. 1994, p.
34-38; G. Prinz,
"Magnetoelectronics," Science, Vol.
282, 1998, p. 1660.
MAGNETORESISTANCE
A change in electrical resistivity in a material when a
magnetic field is applied to the material.
MAGNETORESISTANCE, COLOSSAL
A very large change in
electrical resistance observed in the manganese perovskite materials when a
magnetic field is applied to them.
The effect in these materials is the largest magnetoresistance effect
known at present.
See N. A. Babushkina et al., "Metal-insulator transition induced by oxygen isotope exchange in the magnetoresistive perovskite manganites," Nature, Vol. 31, 1998, p. 159; L. I. Balcells et al., "High-field magnetoresistance at interfaces in manganese perovskites," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 58, 1998, p. R14697; M. Blamire et. al., "Understanding and utilizing colossal magnetoresistance materials," Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., Vol. 356, 1998, p. 1469-1712.
MAGNETOSTATIC SCALAR
POTENTIAL
Roughly, the "pole strength"
differential between the two poles of a magnetic dipole.
Anyone who wishes may polish this
definition.
MASSLESS DISPLACEMENT
CURRENTS
Currents without
mass.
Examples in the standard theory
include df/dt, dE/dt, dP/dt, dB/dt, etc.
MATTER
Highly condensed 3-spatial
energy, compressed by the factor c2
…
and with the observation process
d/dt having been applied to the fundamental masstime entity to provide mass as a
frozen snapshot. Matter, of course,
has internal structure, order and organization, and dynamics. All matter is in a continuous energetic
exchange with its vacuum (4-spatial) environment.
MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK
Brilliant scientist who first
formulated the unified theory of electricity and magnetism.
James Clerk Maxwell was born on June
13, 1831 in Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1847 he entered the University of Edinburgh,
then transferred to Cambridge in the fall of 1850. After graduation, he stayed
on at Cambridge in a research position. He was elected a Fellow of Trinity
College and placed on the staff of college lecturers. In 1856 he returned to
Scotland, where he took up a Chair of natural Philosophy at Marishal College,
Aberdeen. In autumn, 1860 he took a new position as Chair and Professor of
Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at King's College, London (a position he held
until 1865, at which time he resigned). Maxwell was financially independent. He
was elected to the Royal Society in 1861, while at King's College. From 1865 to
1871 he resided at his ancestral Scottish country home, Glenlair, developing his
major ideas into book form. Maxwell returned to Cambridge in 1871, where he
became the first holder of the Cavendish Chair of Experimental Physics. There he
also supervised the construction and operation of Cavendish Laboratory. His
treatise on electromagnetism appeared in 1873. He held his position at Cambridge
until he died on Nov. 5, 1879 at age 48, of a form of stomach cancer—the same
ailment that had killed his mother when he was a child. [Thanks to Encyclopaedia Britannica!]
MAXWELL (UNIT)
Unit of magnetic flux, in the cgs
system.
MAXWELL'S
ELECTRODYNAMICS
Maxwell's electrodynamics is
Maxwell's equations.
MAXWELLIAN
SYSTEM
Any physical or electromagnetic
system whose electrodynamic operations obey James Clerk Maxwell's
electrodynamics model.
The term is usually applied with
respect to those systems which obey a highly reduced subset of Maxwell's after
the Lorentz regauging of the Maxwell-Heaviside equations. This subset is now
inappropriately referred to as "Maxwell's equations". This is unfortunate. As a result, today many scientists and
most engineers no longer understand that Maxwell's theory—when embedded in a
higher topology algebra—permits a vast richness of additional EM systems and
behaviors, including full unified field theory operations. In the standard U(1) gauge symmetry
electrodynamics, all these higher symmetry functions and systems are excluded a priori. From our view, this is particularly sad
since these arbitrary reductions of Maxwell's theory arbitrarily excluded all EM
systems far from equilibrium in their exchange with the active vacuum. Hence almost all scientists and
engineers believe it is against the very laws of nature to propose an electrical
power system that produces more energy out—and more work in the load—than the
energy input made by the operator himself.
This sad error has resulted in (1) crippled electrical power systems that
extract their output energy from the vacuum but kill themselves faster than they
power their loads, (2) the giant pollution of the earth, (3) extraordinary
energy costs, (4) struggles and wars over oil and energy resources, and (5) the
looming giant economic collapse of the economies of many nations. Further, unless this latter facet is
checked, it may also lead to (6) the unleashing of all the weapons of mass
destruction in the arsenals of many nations, destroying all civilization and
much of the biosphere.
McCREA
To be added.
MICHELSON,
ALBERT ABRAHAM
German-born
American physicist who invented an interferometer (Michelson interferometer)
named after him. Michelson used his
interferometer in a renowned experiment designed to measure the velocity of the
earth through the ether, which would produce a shift in his interferometer
pattern. No such shift was
observed, which indicated the absence of an ether wind and was largely
responsible for the downfall of the concept of the material ether which had been
assumed previously.
Reference:
Albert A. Michelson and Edward Morley, "Influence of Motion of the Medium on the
Velocity of Light," American Journal of
Science, Vol. 31, 1886, p. 377-386; — "On the Relative motion of the Earth
and the Luminiferous Ether," ibid.,
Vol. 34, 1887, p. 333-345.
MIND
From the medical view, with
thanks to Webster's Medical Desk
Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts, 1986: (1) The
element or complex of elements in an individual that feels, perceives, thinks,
wills, and especially reasons; (2) the conscious mental events and capabilities
in an organism, (3) the organized conscious and unconscious adaptive mental
activity of an organism.
See an extended discussion of mind under energy.
MIND-BODY COUPLING
To be
added.
MIND-MATTER
INTERACTION
The n-space interaction between
the time-like mind and its time-like operations and the 3-spatial physical body
and its 3-space operations. To
first order, we may treat these interactions in four
dimensions.
MIND
OPERATIONS
To be
added.
MOTION
To be
added.
MOTIONLESS ELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR
(MEG)
Transformer-like COP>1.0
electrical power generator invented by Bearden, Kenny, Hayes, Moore, and Patrick
which powers the transformer core with a permanent magnet, but separates the
curled magnetic vector potential A (the magnetic field B) from the uncurled
magnetic vector potential A, so that the magnetic field flux is retained in the
core while the A-potential is replenished outside the core and adjacent to
it.
The overunity mechanism is thus
provided by a version of the Aharonov-Bohm experiment, which proves that this
splitting of the A-potential does occur and that the uncurled A-potential will
interact energetically with electrons.
In short, by "splitting the potential" and potentializing two paths to
the same energy density as the original unsplit potential, the MEG doubles the
available potential energy available via the permanent magnet dipole's broken
3-symmetry in the active vacuum.
Both the curled A-potential (magnetic field) inside the core and the
uncurled A-potential outside the core interact simultaneously with the output
coils when pulsed. Thus the output
coils "doubly interact" instead of singly interacting. This "double-dipping" of available
energy flow allows permissible COP>1.0, since the system is far from
equilibrium with the active vacuum exchange.
Pulsing applies the Lenz law effect
to both the split potentials, further increasing the energy density of the two
interactions with the output coils.
The MEG nominally exhibits from COP = 1.7 to COP = 10, using two input
coils.
See M.W. Evans, P.K. Anastasovski,
T.E. Bearden et al., "Classical Electrodynamics Without the Lorentz Condition:
Extracting Energy from the Vacuum," Optik 111(6), 2000, p. 246-248; —
"Inconsistencies of the Maxwell-Heaviside Theory of Electrodynamics: The
Aharonov-Bohm Effect," Journal of New
Energy, 4(3), Winter 1999,p. 236-240; — "Vacuum Energy Flow and Poynting
Theorem from Topology and Gauge Theory," submitted to Physica Scripta (in review); — "The
Aharonov-Bohm Effect as the Basis of Electromagnetic Energy Inherent in the
Vacuum," submitted to Optik (in
review), — "Explanation of the Motionless Electromagnetic Generator with O(3)
Electrodynamics, Foundations of Physics
Letters, 2001 (in press). See
also T.E. Bearden, "Energy from the Active Vacuum: The Motionless
Electromagnetic Generator," in M.W. Evans (Ed.), Contemporary Optics and
Electrodynamics, Wiley, 2001, 3 vols. (in press), comprising a Special Topic
issue as vol. 114, I. Prigogine and S.A.
Rice (series eds), Advances in Chemical Physics,
Wiley.
MULTICOLLECTION
Multiple collection of the same
energy flow, by rerouting the passed Poynting energy back around to the
collectors for another pass by them, with additional collection.
A common means of "returning" the
Poynting flow for additional collection is retroreflection, as in phase
conjugate reflection. Since a nominal energy collection fraction on a single
pass is only about 10-13, a great many
re-passes of the same energy can be returned. Work is done on the collector in
each pass. One joule of energy can actually perform many joules of work; this is
a change to the usual statement of the work-energy theorem, which assumes single
pass, single collection only.
MULTIPASS RETROREFLECTION
Iteratively retroreflecting the
same Poynting energy flow, each time it impinges on and passes by an
intercepting collector, so that multiple passes of the same energy flow are made
onto and by the collector.
More and more of the passing
enormous energy is collected as more and more passes by are made. The collected
energy is then dissipated as work in the circuit or device. Such processing can
allow overunity EM circuits and devices.
MULTIPASSES
Multiple passes. See multipass
retroreflection.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
The fabrication of
devices with atomic or molecular precision, to produce operating devices with
minimum feature sizes less than 100 nanometers.
Often described as a marriage between chemistry and engineering. The self-assembling of the units is referred to as molecular manufacturing, and the devices are built one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic arms. As occurred with the modern machine and technology age, the first requirement is to develop the tools that do the working, and the "tools that build the tools." That fundamental work is off the ground and running already.
Nanomanufacturing plants capable of manufacturing bulk materials or arbitrary structures with atomic precision are envisioned, with almost every atom being placed precisely as desired.
Nanotechnology may well produce the next great scientific revolution. As an example, nanobots have been visualized that will circulate in a human body's bloodstream and specifically attack cancer cells. Nanobots for cleaning up air and water pollution are possible. Food synthesis is envisioned since the technology provides the ability to combine molecules directly.
As with all technologies, the ethics lies in the hands of the system designer and the user. Increased technology always allows greater use for good and greater use for bad purposes. Because of the extraordinary "evil uses" that can be employed in the use of nanobots, Bill Joy, chief scientist of Sun Microsystems, recommends no further development of nanotechnology and no further research. He stated,"… we have the possibility not just of weapons of mass destruction but of knowledge-enable mass destruction… hugely amplified by the power of self-replication… we are on the cusp of the further protection of extreme evil…"
Joy's fears are well-founded. Already the union of artificial intelligence with self-replicating nanobots is foreseen. If that union is successful, one can foresee the unleashing of what can only be called "species" of self-replicating, smart nanobots bent on the mass destruction of humanity in various ways.
Also, contrast the nanobots to our discussion of even more advanced nanotechnology of causal system robots (CSRs) using functioning system of causal fields (sets of longitudinal EM waves and their dynamics, prior to having interacted with charged mass, and thence being systems that are functioning sets of spacetime curvatures). We have already survived one massive world-wide insertion of an armada of such CSRs—fortunately first generation systems and with no countermeasures, so they were easily detected and destroyed. We may not survive the next such insertion and attack, as the maturity of the CSRs increases.
Considering the usual focus of governments and human control systems, my prediction is that detrimental, self-replicating, smart nanobots for use in war, surprise strategic attack, and mass destruction of human targets is already on the early planning boards. The obvious war applications of nanotechnology will advance faster than the peaceful applications, behind a public screen of simpler benevolent developments. This is almost certain, since the lead time for maturing the nanotechnology is from 10 to 20 years. This long lead time rules out most private capital ventures of substantial magnitude. It results in the requirement for government funding, just as development of the atomic bomb was government funded. As a nanotechnology "arms race" begins and heats up, one will see the equivalent of new but hidden "Manhattan Projects" in specialized mass destruction weapons nanotechnology. Rather substantial funding of nanotechnology research and development by several nations is already a fact.
Unethical aspects aside, the potential for useful and benevolent purposes of nanotechnology is very great. The development in this new field is now beginning to escalate almost exponentially, year by year, funded primarily by governments and to a more limited extent by private companies.
Reference: David Cook, Jessica Voorhees, and Brian Valz, "Nanotechnology: The Coming Molecular Revolution," available on website http://nanotech.about.com/.
NEGATIVE ABSORPTION OF THE
MEDIUM
Excess emission from a medium, as
in the Letokhov work and in Bohren's experiment. The excess energy is received
from the vacuum interaction.
NEGATIVE RESISTOR
Any component or function or
process that freely receives energy from outside the system in unusable or
disordered form and outputs that energy in usable, ordered form inside the
system, where that is the net function performed.
We specifically do not include
"differential" negative resistors such as the tunnel diode, thyristor, and
magnetron which dissipate and disorder more energy from the system, overall,
than they order and furnish to the system in their negative resistance
regime.
NEGENTROPIC
Functioning to produce or involve
negentropy.
Reordering previously scattered
energy without requiring the operator or experimenter to input energy to do the
reordering work (an example is passive retroreflection of scattered EM
energy).
NEGENTROPIC
ENGINEERING
Expending a little bit of energy
to form a dipole or dipolarity, and then intercepting, collecting, and using
some of the enormous EM energy freely extracted by the dipole from the vacuum
indefinitely, without using any of the extracted EM energy to scatter the
charges in the dipole and destroy the dipole, thereby shutting of the vacuum's
furnishing of copious free energy.
NEWTONIAN 3RD LAW
For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
This law should be extended and
restated something like this: "for every action there is an opposite and equal
reaction if the causative mechanism of the reaction is allowed to occur and not
first redirected away from its target." An example of a violation of Newton's
third law as usually stated, is provided by the emission of a phase conjugate
replica wave from a phase conjugate mirror material. No matter how powerfully
pumped, the PCM does not recoil. The reason is that the antiwave cause of
Newtonian third law recoil was intercepted by nonlinear multiwave interaction
before it could reach its target nuclei, and rediverted away from the atom and
on out of the material. Since the causative mechanism for Newtonian recoil did
not occur, the PCM did not recoil.
NEWTONIAN RECOIL
As used in the paper, refers to
Newton's third law reaction created as the recoil of the nucleus of an atom
which absorbs an incoming EM longitudinal wave, or emits one.
NEWTON'S THIRD
LAW
For every action there is an
opposite and equal reaction.
In Maxwell's electrodynamics,
Newton's third law is missing. It
is missing because of the coarseness of the modeling which Maxwell was forced to
use. Maxwell's seminal paper was
read in 1864 and published in 1865.
At the time, neither the electron nor the atom had been discovered, much
less the nucleus of the atom. A
molecule was just a blob with no structure. Electricity was considered to be a thin
material fluid, flowing through the wires much like water through a pipe. In fact, Maxwell actually wrote a
material fluid flow theory, since hydrodynamics was developed at the
time.
So there was, at the time, no notion
of the Drude electron gas in a wire and the positively charged nuclei in the
atoms in the wire. So there was no
notion of two oppositely charged entities in the conductor, both reacting to any
EM field entering from space and interacting with the
wire.
Further, Newton's third law had
always been used mystically without any known cause. It was experimentally established that
the reaction occurred, but scientists were forced to just assume its
occurrence.
Consequently, Maxwell wrote
equations for the reaction of a unitary electric fluid in the conductors. He knew that the wire recoiled, but
wrote no equations containing the cause of Newton's third law
reaction.
What really happens in the wire is
that both the Drude electrons rearrange their positioning vis a vis the lattice,
resulting in an apparent current.
The actual movement (drift velocity) of the electrons down the wire is
very slow, in a nominal case being a few inches per hour. The electrons, having spin, act as
little gyros so to speak, longitudinally restrained by the repulsion of the
electrons ahead. So the electrons
precess laterally, and spend most of their movement in lateral precession
movement. This alone proves that
the perturbing force is longitudinal, as indeed does Whittaker's decomposition
of the scalar potential into longitudinal EM waves. The gradient of the scalar potential
(the E-field) is also such a decomposition. But the electron precession waves—which
is what our instruments measure in the wire—are indeed lateral waves, in general
consonance with Faraday's notion that the force field lines were physical and
like taut strings. Maxwell merely
assumed Faraday's notion, to give us the transverse EM wave in space. Consequently, the old electrodynamics
envisioned that fluid vibrations (ether vibrations) from space had been
intercepted by the wire to shake the electric fluid accordingly. And since that electric fluid obviously
shook laterally, that "proved" that the waves in spacetime were lateral "plucked
taut string" type waves. Actually
it proved no such thing, because they were measuring electron precession waves.
The positive nuclei usually have a
m/q ratio several hundred thousand times the m/q ratio of an equal charge of
electrons. Hence the massive nuclei
also react to the field interaction, and move very slightly in the opposite
sense from the electrons. That
reaction is ignored in Maxwell's general equations, though when the equations
are applied, they require that nuclei movement.
In short, the electrons precess and
the nuclei recoil oppositely, and that is the generation of Newton's third law
reaction.
When we excite a wire antenna with a
wave excitation, we produce both electron precession waves and nuclear recoil
waves in the nuclei. These two
waves are of equal energy, though the nuclei waves are very highly damped in
magnitude because of the high m/q ratio of the nuclei. Nonetheless, each of
these "lateral" waves slaps the vacuum potential with identical energy. So two equal waves of spacetime
curvature occur. I can be seen that
the net vacuum wave is actually a longitudinal EM wave, composed of waves of
vacuum (spacetime) energy rarefaction and densification. Electrodynamicists, considering the
vacuum to be filled with a material ether, used the "effect" wave in matter as
the cause wave. Hence they used a
transverse EM wave in spacetime, when indeed the spacetime wave is and always
was a longitudinal EM wave, just as Tesla insisted.
Maxwell's equations are based
primarily on the interaction of field and single charge. Actually, the reaction is always between
the field and a dipole. Even when
the field interacts with an "isolated charge", there are clustering virtual
charges of opposite sign around the "isolated" charge so that the "isolated
charge" is actually a set of composite dipoles, where each dipole consists of a
virtual charge of opposite sign and a differential piece of the isolated
observable charge. So the Newtonian
third law reaction is also there with an isolated charge, but occurs in the
vacuum itself, resulting in vacuum polarization.
Nonetheless, the "transverse EM wave
in vacuum" notion is so embedded in electrodynamics that we seem to be stuck
with it. It means, however, that
the "field in space" used in electrodynamics must be regarded as only a sort of
"convenient transfer function" and not a real transverse oscillation
entity. This of course accords with
Feynman and Wheeler's pointing out that only the potential for the EM wave
exists in space, in case a charge is brought in to interact with its
gradients.
And needless to say, since the
vacuum is a big potential and only potentials and potential changes can exist in
it, then Whittaker's 1903 paper decomposing the scalar potential into
longitudinal EM waves is paramount and decisive. EM waves in the vacuum a priori must be
longitudinal waves, because they are only the changes to the vacuum
potential. And that potential at
each and every point, changes and all, decomposes into longitudinal EM waves in
3-space with convergent longitudinal EM waves incoming from the time
domain.
NISBET
To be
added.
NON-ABELIAN
ELECTRODYNAMICS
To be
added.
NONLINEAR MATERIAL
A substance whose optical
properties vary with the intensity of the light.
Most optical substances are very
weakly nonlinear, but a great deal of research has been exerted to find
materials with stronger nonlinearities. Also, a material which creates and emits
the fundamental and additional harmonic frequencies when illuminated with a
single frequency. Many nonlinear materials also weakly produce time-reversed
(phase conjugate) fundamentals and/or harmonics when illuminated with a
fundamental frequency. Such a nonlinear material that creates time reversed
waves (phase conjugate replica waves) is said to function as a phase conjugate mirror. The phase
conjugate replica reappears in space back along the path in space—even through a
highly distorting medium—where the input stimulus (signal wave) has traveled or
is traveling.
Thus the phase conjugate replica or
time-reversed wave normally backtracks its signal wave stimulus to the distant
source of that signal wave, even hundreds or thousands of miles away. This
"crawfishing" and "concentrating" characteristic is also known as retroreflection. Note that an ordinary
EM wave diverges as a function of the
radius traveled away from its emission source, while a time-reversed or phase
conjugate replica wave will converge
as a function of the radius traveled away from its emission source (the mirror),
if its stimulus signal wave was emitted from a distant point source. Ideally, a
phase conjugate mirror produces a single time-reversed wave in addition to the
input signal wave. By stressing
(pumping) the mirror with the input of two additional opposing waves
(ideally orthogonal to the input or signal wave), the phase conjugate
replica wave output by the mirror is amplified, and may contain up to all the
energy in the pumping waves.
NON SEQUITUR
A conclusion or inference not
following from the original argument or premise.
NONEQUILIBRIUM
THERMODYNAMICS
Colloquial term referring to the
new thermodynamics of self-organizing systems and structures in disequilibrium
with their environment.
Since the 1960s, there has emerged
in physics (and in thermodynamics!) a surprising new area: the physics of
far-from-equilibrium systems and the self-organization and large-scale ordering
of such systems. E.g., a single Bénard cell (a particular self-organizing
circulation structure in convection-type systems), may involve the coherent
behavior of some 1021 molecules, in a region of convection where one
would classically expect only randomness. These new physics and thermodynamics
interactions are surprisingly being found in a very wide variety of systems and
phenomena, including living systems and nonliving systems. The phenomena of
interest include dissipative systems in disequilibrium with their environment,
but with stability of their own systems and forms. Open systems in
disequilibrium with their environment can permissibly achieve COP>1.0, and
they can exhibit local negentropy. The physics and thermodynamics of such
systems is still rapidly developing. For a good overview, see Gregoire Nicolis,
"Physics of far-from-equilibrium systems and self-organization," in The New Physics, edited by Paul Davies,
Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 316-347. For a full technical presentation,
see G. Nicolis and I. Prigogine, Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium
Systems, Wiley, New York, 1977.
NONLINEAR MATERIAL
In physics, any substance whose
response to an external causative or influencing agent is not proportional to
the magnitude of the causative agent or influence.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL FUNCTIONING (NLO
FUNCTIONING)
Functioning in a manner
prescribed by nonlinear optics and quantum optics,
...particularly with respect to
time-reversal effects, use of phase conjugate mirrors, phase conjugate
reflection, and pumping for amplified phase conjugate
reflection.
To quote Knight, "A phase conjugate
mixing device has remarkable optical properties: perfect retroreflection, the
complete cancellation of optical aberrations and inhomogeneities in wavefronts,
and the ability to reverse an optical beam and return it to its
source."
NONLINEAR PHASE CONJUGATE
OPTICS
See phase conjugate optics.
NONLOCALIZATION
Producing or rendering an effect
or effect-producing agent at a distance, rather than at the immediate location
of the effector.
Extended throughout a large region
or system, or to a distant part of a large region or system, rather than being
confined to a small region of the large region or
system.
NON-RIEMANNIAN (GEOMETRY)
Riemannian geometry is the
geometry of Riemannian manifolds;
i.e., manifolds having an
infinitesimal squared distance ds that is everywhere positive. A non-Riemannian
geometry violates this property. [A manifold is a topological space with certain
technical characteristics.]
NUCLEONS
Name
for the neutrons or the protons in a nucleus. In the nucleus, the neutrons and protons
are continually changing one into the other by exchange of the charge.
O(3)
ELECTRODYNAMICS
To be
added.
OPEN SYSTEM
A system that communicates with
its environment, and exchanges energy, matter, or both between system and
environment.
The system may be in equilibrium with that exchange, so that it effectively does not retain and utilize received environmental energy to power loads or accomplish external work. Note that it may in fact receive and store excess energy from the environment, or give up energy to the environment, and then remain in equilibrium under its new potential energy conditions. That is, the system may asymmetrical regauge itself but not utilize any of the regauging energy to accomplish external work. When potential is applied to an electromagnetic system, the system is similarly asymmetrical regauged and its potential energy is increased. However, if the system then destroys its source of regauging potential energy faster than it powers its load, it is said to symmetrically regauge itself when discharging its freely received excitation energy.
The
system may be far from equilibrium in its energetic exchange with its
environment, and if it asymmetrically discharges its freely received excitation
energy, it can exhibit COP>1.0.
In that case the system effectively retains and utilizes some of its
freely received environmental energy to power loads or accomplish external work,
and the operator himself does not have to furnish that part of the energy
dissipated as useful work.
OPTICAL SWITCHING
Refers to switching of optical
signals, or switching using optical frequency switching techniques, components,
and circuits.
ORTHODOX TRANSISTORS
Ordinary transistors in use
today.
Such transistors will not perform
the Fogal semiconductor special functions.
ORTHOGONAL ROTATION
Simply speaking, a rotation from
one direction to a direction at right angles to it.
The Lorentz transform of special
relativity, e.g., is a formula for the rotation of an object and all its parts
away from its line of motion, as a function of the object's velocity, in a
direction toward the time axis. The speed c just represents a full orthogonal
turn, so that the intersection of the object with the observer 3-space, along
the original line of motion, is zero.
To the observer, the three
dimensional object (at speeds less than c) has become a two-dimensional plane
moving at speed c. In a space of more than 4 dimensions, the orthorotation may
be toward a higher spatial dimension rather than toward the time dimension. As
can be seen, such orthorotation is intimately connected with the transformation
of an electron or electron/positron pair into a photon, and vice versa.
Orthorotations are extremely important when one models the physics of mind and
matter interaction, and the physics of a living organisms including both its
mind and its physical body—as in psychoenergetics.
OSCILLATING QUANTUM WELL
A quantum well which is
oscillating in magnitude and sometimes in sign.
OVERPOTENTIAL
Essentially the overpotential (as
in an electrode in a solution) is a shift in the Fermi level necessary to allow
the electron in the electrode metal to have energies overlapping with vacant
acceptor levels in molecules adjacent to the electrode in the
solution.
The overpotential effect appears at
small "double surfaces" of things in very close contact, particularly in
electrochemistry and in solid state physics. The overpotential enables electron
transfer, e.g., by tunneling. The overpotential increases with the log of the
reaction rate that occurs at the overpotential
location.
For a small reaction rate, the
overpotential is small; but for a small increase in the overpotential there
occurs a dramatic increase of
reaction rate. Fogal has utilized the overpotential effect in his semiconductor,
to great advantage in accomplishing unusual charge blocking and other special
effects.
One of the world experts in the
theory and use of the overpotential is Dr. J. O'M. Bockris. E.g., for a short
overview pointing out the importance of the overpotential, see Bockris,
"Overpotential: a lacuna in scientific knowledge," Journal of Chemical Education, 48(6),
June 1971, p. 352-358 (a paper which Bockris graciously sent me some years ago).
Quoting from that reference, p. 355: "The formal definition of overpotential is
'the change of potential of the electron-conducting phase when reaction rate
across its interface with the ion-conducting phase with which it is in contact
is changed from zero to a certain velocity.'" And again, p. 355:
"...overpotential... in fact determines what fraction of the energy of the
self-functioning cell has to be wasted in making the cell work and deliver
energy at a certain power." For a more detailed and wider exposition of the
overpotential, its effects, and its uses, see J. O'M. Bockris and A. K. N.
Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Vol.
1 & 2, Plenum Press, 1970.
OVERUNITY COEFFICIENT OF
PERFORMANCE
More energy out or work out of a
system than the operator or experimenter must himself or herself furnish and
input.
An open thermodynamic system far
from thermodynamic system is permitted to achieve such an overunity performance,
so any overunity electrodynamic system must be such. Well-known
nonelectromagnetic examples are solar cells, heat pumps, windmills, sails on
sailboats, waterwheels for powering watermills, a gliding bird in thermal
updrafts, etc. A well-known electromagnetic example is the common solar cell.
The common household heat pump has a theoretical COP limit of 8.22, and
well-designed units usually achieve some 4.0 or so, so long as the ambient
environment does not change too drastically from the design limits. As the
environment changes and cools down appreciably, however, most home heat pumps
lose efficiency and have to switch onto heating strips, which have a COP
» 1.0.
Contrary to prevailing belief, it is
certainly possible to have EM systems which are also open thermodynamic systems,
far from equilibrium, and freely receiving excess energy (asymmetrically
regauging a potential) from an external source, to wit, their violent virtual
flux exchange between the vacuum and the system. All EM system are already open systems in the virtual particle
flux exchange with vacuum; that is already well-known in particle physics, even
though the 130-year-old classical electrodynamics does not even include the
vacuum-mass exchange. The only question, then, is how to establish an asymmetry
in that vacuum-mass flux exchange. Here again, every electrical charge and every
dipole is already just such a broken symmetry in the vacuum flux, as has been
known in particle physics for four decades! It takes on the average about 50
years, however, for vital discoveries in one discipline to "cross fertilize"
into another discipline. At any rate, the symmetry of every electric power
system, in the vacuum flux, is already broken in its source dipole. This
rigorously means that, if we simply avoid doing something we are doing in our
power systems to restore symmetry as a matter of course, it is possible to
utilize the free broken symmetry of the source dipole to provide an overunity EM
system.
In 1996 I showed that such overunity
EM systems are permitted and prescribed by Maxwell's theory, prior to the
arbitrary imposition of symmetrical
regauging of the Maxwell equations (i.e., the Lorentz condition). Violation of
the Lorentz condition (by asymmetrical self-regauging) is a necessary but not
sufficient condition for an overunity EM device. An asymmetric regauging will
certainly give us excess free energy in the system, and an excess force to use
that energy in translating against a load impedance to do work, if we design the
system properly to do just that.
To achieve overunity, in a circuit
one must prevent the (presently universal) re-imposition of the Lorentz
condition by the use of one-half the excess received energy to drive the return
electrons from the load back through the back emf of the source, killing the
gate and restoring symmetry, the Lorentz condition, and equilibrium between
vacuum flux and system. All our present EM systems are specifically designed to
drive those electrons back through the back emf and thus restore symmetry, deliberately asymmetrically
self-regauging a second time and deliberately restoring the Lorentz
condition, along with deliberately
killing the source dipole's asymmetry in the vacuum flux
exchange.
PARADOX (LOGICAL)
A thing that is true, e.g., as
shown by experiment, but which violates one or more of the three Aristotelian
laws of logic.
Any logic algebra or system has a
topology. A paradox in one topology can often be resolved by increasing the
topology of the logic. All logical paradoxes in the 3-law Aristotelian logic
system are simply fourth-law logic cases in a logical superset, and—at least
hypothetically—the fourth law can be applied to resolve them. For a discussion
and proof of the 4th law correction to Aristotelian logic, see Appendix III: "A
Conditional Criterion for Identity, Leading to a Fourth Law of Logic," in T.E.
Bearden, AIDS: Biological Warfare,
Tesla Book Co., Chula Vista, California, 1988, p. 428-443. Logic has many
aspects that often may shock our casual expectations: For example, one of the
most advanced axioms in mathematics is called the Axiom of Choice. It is used in
the proof of many advanced theorems. Using the Axiom of Choice, it can be shown
that it is possible to cut a ball into a finite number of pieces, then
reassemble the pieces into two balls of the same size, with no air gaps between
pieces! While this seemingly defies all common physical sense (and I've not
found anyone who has done it!), it is mathematically correct. For a proof, see
Thomas J. Jech, The Axiom of Choice,
American Elsevier, New York, 1973, p. 3-6. For a good perspective on
Aristotelian logic, see Morris Kline, Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty,
Oxford University Press, New York, 1980.
PARITY
Deals
with studying a system of sequence of events as if reflected in a
mirror. A system has parity is
it undergoes no fundamental operational change if replaced with its
mirror-reflected twin.
PARTIALLY TIME-REVERSED
REGION
A region of space in which an
object experiences not only the ordinary forward flow of time, but an extra
induced backwards flow of time, usually a fraction of the time-forward time
stream.
One result may be to "reduce"
time-forward force fields, by a fraction. This is important in bridges, where
one must pass EM energy flow onto a follow-on load circuit, but the return
current in that circuit must be allowed to circulate back through the load
bridge itself, against the inducing back emf. By partially time-reversing the
region occupied by the back emf, that back emf is seen as a smaller value by the
return current being passed back up through the back emf. The result is that
current will circulate in the load loop, powered entirely by the bridging of
Poynting flow S = E´H onto the load
circuit.
Another result of a partially
time-reversed region is that the law of attraction and repulsion of charges is
partially reversed. If the
time-reversal predominates in the region, as in a momentary time-reversal zone
in some electrolytes, then the law of attraction and repulsion of charges is
reversed. In that case like charges
attract and unlike charges repel.
Two positive H+ ions, e.g., may be drawn so tightly together that each
enters the edge of the strong force region of the other, forming a
quasi-nucleus. Note that in each H+
ion the gluon forces are almost dissolved and the quarks are nearly freed. Then as the time-reversal zone decays
back to a normal time-forward zone, the decay changes begin from inside out,
resulting in the flip of a quark to change one of the H+ ions to a neutron
n. The n and the H+ ion draw
together as the preferred decay state, resulting in the formation of deuterium
or a D+ ion. This and similar "time
reversal zone" reactions have been proposed by this researcher as the mechanisms
generating the anomalous deuterium, tritium, and alpha particles (helium nuclei)
in the "cold fusion" reactions. It
is indeed a special type of low spatial energy fusion, but a very high energy
reaction since time-energy is involved as the active ingredient, and time-energy
has the same energy density as mass.
PARTICLE PHYSICS
The branch of physics using
accelerators to study high-energy particle collisions, to determine properties
of atomic nuclei and of the elementary particles
themselves.
So far as I am aware, conventional
particle physicists do not consider time-energy interaction and time-reversal
zone novel nuclear interactions at all.
PATTERSON EFFECT
The intense multiscattering,
multipass, multicollection of Poynting energy density flow in an assemblage of
palladium-clad spherical bead capacitors, as the palladium adsorbs hydrogen ions
from the fluid in which the beads are immersed, and charges up as a capacitor,
thereby becoming an energy-flow generator, and nonlinearly increasing the
energy-flow as the charge of the capacitors increases.
The Patterson effect yields the
Patterson Power Cellâ , a validated overunity power system which has shown
COP>1200 in independent university testing. The Patterson effect is a
variation and adaptation of the well-known anti-Stokes emission effect, which
for three decades has been validated in physics journals to produce overunity
emission in certain intensely scattering active
media.
PATTERSON POWER
CELLÒ
Patented overunity power unit by
James Patterson, which has been independently validated to yield
COP>1.0.
See James Patterson, "System for
Electrolysis of Liquid Electrolyte," U.S. Patent No. 5,372,688, issued Dec. 13,
1994. Filed Dec. 2, 1993. 26 claims, 7 drawing
sheets.
PAUTRIZEL,
RAYMOND
Eminent French parasitologist who
worked with Antoine Priore, and who performed many definitive experiments
demonstrating the Priore healing effect.
PEGRAM'S
EXPERIMENT
Experiment which demonstrates a relation between electric
and magnetic fields in the vacuum which the Maxwell-Heaviside theory does not
prescribe.
Simultaneously, a coaxial cylindrical condensor and
solenoid are rotated. The rotation
produces a magnetic field in the solenoid in the axial direction and between the
plates of the condensor. The
condensor can be charged by shortening the plates of the condensor. This indicates a cross relation in the
vacuum between electric and magnetic fields which does not exist in the
Maxwell-Heaviside theory.
Reference: G. B. Pegram, Physical Review, Vol. 10, 1917, p.
591.
PERPETUAL MOTION
MACHINE
Assertion that no machine can
indefinitely operate, since no closed system can input its output power back to
itself while powering a load because powering itself and its load violates the
equilibrium thermodynamics (i.e., the thermodynamics of a closed
system).
The "defenders of the underunity
faith" use the statement that "there cannot be any such thing as a perpetual
motion machine" as an article of faith and iron dogma. Usually they classify a so-called
"perpetuum mobile" as to which law of
equilibrium thermodynamics it is thought to
violate.
For permissible Maxwellian overunity
systems, the entire "perpetual motion" conundrum is nonsensical, since we are
always speaking of an EM system far from
thermodynamic equilibrium with its active vacuum environment. The equilibrium thermodynamics assumed by
the critics does not even apply to such systems, as witness the Nobel Prize
awarded to Prigogine in 1977 and the voluminous literature on such open
dissipative systems.
As an example, see Stanley W.
Angrist, "Perpetual Motion Machines," Scientific American, vol. 218, Jan.
1968, p. 114-122. Angrist gives a
typical critique using classical equilibrium thermodynamics. He calls permissible overunity systems (open
dissipative systems receiving excess energy from an external source) false perpetual motion machines
or fictitious perpetual motion machines. Also see Angrist's article, "Perpetual
Motion," Encyclopaedias Britannica,
Bicentennial Edition, Macropaedia Vol. 14, 1976, p. 102-105. Here he gives a
very good summary of the subject as ordinarily posed, with precise definitions
included for perpetual motion machines of the first, second, and third kinds and
for fictitious perpetual motion machines.
Unfortunately his entire argument is completely irrelevant to any study
of permissible overunity machines, which he already has labeled as "fictitious
perpetual motion machines" and has already admitted that they exist! The substance of his entire argument is
that systems in equilibrium cannot power themselves. That is of course quite true, but is a
mere tautology and has no relation to an open system in disequilibrium, which can power itself and its load
simultaneously, by the laws of physics and the laws of disequilibrium thermodynamics. So in fact Angrist, as do the skeptics
who continue to assail legitimate overunity EM system researchers as perpetual
motion nuts, establishes his own dummy strawman and demolishes it, while
ignoring—so to speak—the huge Statue of Liberty before
him.
Now this is not to pick on
Angrist! He appears to be a
reasonable scientist, carefully stating his thesis in a straightforward
manner. His voice is quoted as a reasonable critical voice, and not like
the usual extremist critic who
engages in ad hominem attacks from the outset. It merely shows that (1) the entire
"perpetuum mobile" prohibition does not even apply to overunity EM systems far
from thermodynamic equilibrium with the active vacuum, (2) the critics are
either unwittingly or deliberately using the wrong type of thermodynamics as the
basis of their entire argument, (3)
the reasonable perpetual
motion critics—wittingly or unwittingly—simply set up an irrelevant strawman and
precede to knock it down, and (4) in fact the critics already admit to a machine
that will in fact run itself and power its load indefinitely or perpetually
unless something changes or breaks or fails, but then oddly label it as a
"fictitious" or "false" perpetual motion machine! Meanwhile, in the universe around us we
universally observe things in violent and perpetual motion, having continued so
for some 15 billion years. None of
the atoms seem to be running down, nor do any of the molecules. And they are open systems brought out of
equilibrium by absorption of energy, and decaying back into equilibrium (or
approaching it) by emission of excess energy.
The eerie point is that technical
publications such as Scientific
American and Encyclopaedia
Britannica do not seem to question the line of reasoning advanced by those
knocking perpetual motion, or even fully analyzed their argument. What we really deal with in terms of
skeptics in this area is either (1) a reasonable, scientific skeptic such as
Angrist (his listing of machines and attempts for machines not in disequilibrium
with their active environment to run themselves is very good), or (2) an
unreasonable person spouting dogma and venom, who should simply go read some
disequilibrium system thermodynamics and learn
etiquette.
Also, we strongly object to supercilious phrases invariably employed by harsh skeptics who insist we are looking for "something for nothing" or "a free lunch". No legitimate overunity energy researcher has ever considered such a thing. We freely admit that the excess energy is received from the active vacuum exchange, via a broken symmetry in that exchange. Should the farmer refuse to use a windmill or waterwheel because he's getting a "free lunch" for energy input? For those who so quickly hurl such condemnatory phrases, let me hold up a mirror and show them an analog of their position: The famed surgeon Alfred Velpeau wrote in 1839: "The abolishment of pain in surgery is the chimera. It is absurd to go on seeking it today. 'Knife' and 'pain' are two words in surgery that must forever be associated in the consciousness of the patient. To this compulsory combination we shall have to adjust ourselves." [Martin Gumpert, Trail-Blazers of Science, Funk and Wagnalls, New York, 1936, p. 232.]
The strident, dogmatic critics of
open overunity disequilibrium EM systems are stating an exact analogy to
Velpeau's statement. The scientific worth of their criticism is
precisely the scientific worth that eventually was shown for Velpeau's
pronouncement.
PHASE CONJUGATE
Of an entity: its time reversal.
For waves, often referred to as wavefront
reversal.
PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR
A nonlinear material which, when
provided with an input wave, emits a phase conjugate replica (time reversed
replica) of that input wave.
The input wave is by practice called
the signal wave. The time-reversed
wave output is by practice called the phase conjugate
replica.
PHASE CONJUGATE OPTICS
That portion of nonlinear optics
dealing with multiwave mixing, formation of time-reversed waves, phase conjugate
reflection (PCR), phase conjugate mirrors (PCMs), pumping PCMs to amplify their
emitted PCRs, nonlinear interferometry, distortion correction, self-targeting,
laser tracking, adaptive optics, and so on.
PHASE CONJUGATE REPLICA
(PCR)
Of a wave: the time-reversed
duplicate of the wave.
PHASE-CONJUGATING ACTION
In nonlinear optics, the process
or action of producing a time reversed replica of an input wave.
For a particle, producing its
antiparticle. For a cell, dedifferentiating it back to some previous form,
genetics and all.
PHASE CONJUGATION
In nonlinear optics, the novel
nonlinear mixing of waves which generate an output wave—called the phase
conjugate replica or time-reversed replica—that precisely retraces the path
previously taken by the input wave that stimulates the action.
The process or action of producing a
time-reversed wave. Phase conjugation can compensate for aberrations and
distortions in the input. Real time holography can also be produced by applying
the phase conjugation process.
PHASE-LOCKED HARMONIC
SERIES
In Whittaker decomposition of the
scalar potential: The decomposition produces a set of bidirectional wavepairs,
as explained previously.
Each of these wavepairs has a given
frequency, starting from a fundamental. In other words, the other wavepairs are
harmonics of the fundamental wavepair. Further, these are regularly arranged in
a lattice, so that "timing" or "phasing" is rigidly locked in
place.
PHENOMENOLOGY
In physics, the philosophical and
experimental study of physical phenomena,
... as distinguished from ontology,
(which is the study of being).
PHOTON
In physics, the basic action
quantum.
Considered to be the basic quantum
of the EM field. Well, there's a little problem with that. The photon contains
energy and time, and so must also occupy a time interval. The notion of
forcefield rigorously contains mass as a component; yet mass is missing from the
concept of field as it is applied. The EM field is conceived as a spatial entity
only. It may spatially vary as a function of time, of course, but it itself does
not occupy time, at least conceptually. These considerations raise some
startling difficulties in the ready conclusion that the photon is the
fundamental quantum of EM field. If a "piece of the photon" is missing from the
field, how can the field be made of photons? How can one get area out of a
straight line? I simply pose this problem for the theorists and the foundations
physicists, pointing out that it has universally been fashionable for physicists
to ignore that the photon carries not
only a little increment of energy, but also a little increment of time. My
own work has been to look at the dimensional difference between masstime and
mass; i.e., between a mass that has just absorbed a photon, and thus must
consist of masstime (4-space), and just after that masstime then re-emits the
photon, reverting back to mass (3-space). From this one can build, e.g., a
mechanism that generates the actual flow of time itself. It is in theory an
engineerable mechanism.
PHYSICAL
REALITY
To be
added.
PING-PONG
To be
added.
PINNA
The outer ear(s). Of particular interest to us are the tiny little folds in
the ear.
PINNA INFORMATION
Refers to hidden information
content of the field, or in the received signal.
Comes from the little folds in the
pinna (outer ear). For sound direction and distance sensing, the tiny pinna
folds of the outer ear use phase reflection information more than 40 dB below
the primary sound signal that strikes the eardrum. In EM signals, we are
referring to "hidden" or infolded information deep within a signal from a
distant target. In fact everything in the target contributes to the signal
emission from it, and all that information is riding "within" the signal, in its
deep "pinna" information. The Fogal chip can outfold some of this pinna
information, so that information can be recovered from a signal which no other
process heretofore could recover. For a dramatic future use, as the Fogal
semiconductors and equipment using them are developed, there will emerge
detecting units that can see highly detailed structure in the human body, merely
from processing the light reflected from the exterior of the body. The details
eventually will rival and even surpass that of magnetic resonance imaging, and
will be essentially noninvasive.
It is also true that hidden "vacuum
engines" can be transmitted back into the body, so that "problems" or disorders
can be directly corrected. As an introduction to this type of area, where
cellular disease "antiengines" can be created in the body to directly reverse
cells and their genetics, curing the disease, see T.E. Bearden, "Vacuum Engines
and Priore's Methodology: The True Science of Energy-Medicine, Parts I and II."
Explore!, 6(1), 1995, p. 66-76;
6(2), 1995, p. 50-62. A major book on this subject will soon be published. For a
presentation for the nonspecialist, see T. E. Bearden, "Hidden Mechanism for
Reversal of Diseased Cells to a Previous Healthy State," Resonance, Newsletter of the
Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group, Mensa, No. 29, Nov. 1995, p.
11-15.
PINNA INFORMATION CONTENT
In electromagnetics, the hidden
inner Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski infolded EM information inside the scalar
potential.
Since an EM wave can be represented
as two scalar potentials, then by infolding pinna information inside one or both
of the two potentials, it is infolded inside the carrier wave. Thus hidden
information can be and is carried by all EM radiation and all EM signals. The
Fogal semiconductor for the first time enables the outfolding and processing of
some of this information.
PINNA INFORMATION
DETECTORS
Detectors based on use of the
Fogal semiconductor, which can outfold, process, and display some of the hidden
information inside the scalar potential and inside signal emissions from distant
objects.
PINNED ELECTRONS
Electrons held stationary by a
magnetic field, or other set of forces that react to "push them back into their
positions" whenever they try to move away.
PINNING
The act of restricting (by
restoring forces and fields) movement (particularly of electrons) due to a
disturbing magnetic field or other external force.
POLYHEDRON
A solid figure, especially with
more than six plane surfaces.
POSITRON
An
antielectron (time-reversed electron), possessing a positive charge. In Dirac's relativistic theory of the
electron, a positron may be regarded as an empty negative energy state in the
Dirac sea whose usual occupying electron has been removed.
POWER
The time rate at which work is
done (at which the form of energy is changed).
In electrical engineering, the term
"power" is erroneously also used to mean "energy".
PRIGOGINE,
ILYA
Noted Belgian chemist and
Nobelist, and one of the pioneers of the thermodynamics of open systems far from
thermodynamic equilibrium.
Prigogine was awarded the 1977 Nobel
Prize for his work on the theory of dissipative structures in nonequilibrium
thermodynamics.
PRIORÉ,
ANTOINE
Italian radar technician,
remaining in France after WW II, who discovered the use of novel waves from
plasmas emitted when normal EM waves were introduced, and who used this effect
to accomplish remarking healing in laboratory animals of terminal tumors,
infectious diseases such as trypanosomas, restore suppressed immune systems, and
heal atherosclerosis.
Prioré's beam was actually
longitudinal EM waves. The body
when irradiated by longitudinal EM waves adds a weaker phase conjugate replica,
thus converting LW nonlinear optical pumping from the 3-space domain to the time
domain. This time-reverses the
irradiated cells and all their components back to a previous physical state and
condition.
Such "time-domain" pumping is used
by the living body's cellular regeneration system to restore cellular damage and
heal the cells, within its limits.
Thus Prioré unwittingly uncovered a way to dramatically amplify the
body's own healing and regenerative powers.
POYNTING, JOHN HENRY
An English physicist who lived
from 1852-1914, whose contributions to electromagnetics included the energy flow
theory now known as Poynting flow.
He contributed the Poynting theorem,
which states that the rate of EM energy loss in a specific region of space is
equal to the sum of the dissipation rate (heat loss) flowing across the boundary
of the region. Concurrently with Oliver Heaviside, Poynting conceived the notion
that energy flowed through space, which previously had not appeared in physics.
Heaviside actually published first, but obscurely; Poynting published in a
prestigious journal, so the theory came to be known as "Poynting theory."
Poynting himself always gave credit to Heaviside for being first. Also, the
Heaviside version S = E´H + G was more extensive than Poynting's S = E´H. Heaviside was a
recluse; years after his death, in his little garret apartment some papers were
discovered beneath the floorboard. Therein Heaviside has used his G term (a closed energy flow, or
"trapped energy" term) to represent gravitation, and had worked out a testable
theory of electrogravitation. Modern general relativity indeed considers that it
is energy—particularly trapped energy—that is responsible for generating
gravitational field and gravitational potential. Apparently nothing at all was
done or has been done with Heaviside's electrogravitational theory. See H. J.
Josephs, "The Heaviside papers found at Paignton in 1957," The Institution of Electrical Engineers
Monograph No. 319, Jan. 1959, p. 70-6.
POYNTING ENERGY
Loose term (not rigorous!) used
to describe the flow through space of Poynting energy density S = E´H. It actually describes not the energy
flow density per se, but that component of it that would be intercepted by a
unit point charge.
POYNTING ENERGY DENSITY
FLOW
A more rigorous term used to
describe the flow through space of the Poynting energy density flow component S = E´H. that would be
intercepted by a unit point charge.
POYNTING ENERGY FLOW
Loose term (not completely
rigorous) used to describe the flow of energy density S = E´H.
Rigorously, note that both E and H are "defined" only after their
reaction with a unit point static charge.
Hence S is the resulting
component of the overall energy flow that interacts with the charges (with the
circuit) and is diverged into the circuit to power it. It is not the entire energy flow, which also
includes a vast Heaviside nondiverged component that does not strike the charge
and interact with it, and hence does not interact with the circuit but is just
wasted.
POYNTING GENERATOR
Any dipole or potential
difference, which represents a broken symmetry in the vacuum's virtual particle
flux, and hence extracts virtual energy from that asymmetry, and gates it out as
a gushing energy flow in 3-space.
The component of that energy flow that would be intercepted and diverged
by a unit point charge is the Poynting energy flow S = E´H.
POYNTING VECTOR
The vector S, given as S = E´H, which is
used to represent the Poynting (intercepted and collected by a unit point
coulomb) energy density flow component.
In Heaviside's version, S = E´H + G, where G is an energy circulation flow term of
trapped energy flow.
PPCM
Pumped phase conjugate
mirror.
A phase conjugate mirror material
which has introduced to it appositive or "pump" waves. In the phase conjugating
process, up to all the energy in the pump waves can be output as the energy in
the emitted phase conjugate replica wave. Thus the PPCM is an amplifier, very
similar to a triode.
PRIMARY IMAGE
The image or portion of an
overall image that is of most interest, and usually the sharpest in
focus.
PROBABILISTICALLY
Of or determined by the laws of
probability.
Note particularly the somewhat
dichotomous use of "determined by—probability." The entire notion in probability
is that the overall result is not individually determined, but that there are
multiple outcomes of the experiment, each of which occurs with a certain
frequency out of a very large number of trials. If a single result always
occurs, that is said to be a deterministic change, not a probabilistic change.
Unfortunately if one pursues the definition of "probability" in mathematics and
logic, one eventually finds that it is dichotomous, as was our definition of
energy. Ultimately the foundations guys just threw up their hands and said, "Oh,
what the heck! Probability is probability, every fool knows that!" The problem
cannot be resolved in 3-la w Aristotelian logic; it requires a higher topology
logic.
PROBABILITY
The probability of a simple event
is the ratio of the number of times it occurs to the total number of trials (for
a large, essentially infinite number of trials).
Note that "trials" constitute things
that have occurred (are past). Probability has resisted rigorous logical
definition by Aristotelian logic; the reason is that it is an expression of the
fourth law, the identity of opposites. Probability is the expression of the
future (that which has not occurred) in terms of the past (that which has
occurred). Since we have been trained to conceive or think of something as if it
had just been perceived to occur, then this is the only way we can conceive the future—as if it were an
"already occurred past" to us.
But with Aristotelian logic, the
future cannot be composed of a set
of pasts (the law of the excluded
middle prevents it!), and probability has no acceptable logical basis. With
four-law logic, the future can be modeled in terms of—and even be identical to—the past, and
probability has a logical basis.
Consider throwing a die to land with one face up.
Thinking of the event (as if it has just occurred, in terms of the most recent
past), one can conceive six ways of looking at it. In other words, one can
conceive of six "most recent pasts." By the fourth law, the total "most recent
past" is identical to the "most immediate future," on the common boundary. If one therefore collects all six "most recent pasts,"
they turn into the most immediate future, by the fourth law of logic. One may
argue that only a single one of the events will actually occur. Here one
counters with the observation that, when it occurs, it is the past, not the
future, and then it has not been collected so as to move to the boundary. One
also points out that, with the hidden variable approach, in theory it is
possible to directly engineer those probabilities while the Schrödinger
wavefunction is still propagating and has not yet collapse to constitute an
"observation." I.e., it is possible to engineer Wheeler's "pre-reality," and
determine in advance just which of the outcomes shall occur.
Now, if this type of equipment
eventually gets built and is small and portable, just think what one could do in
Las Vegas!
PRODUCT SET OF INTERNAL
WAVES
Modulations of the internal
bidirectional wavepairs comprising a scalar potential.
This set was added in the mid-1980s
by Ziolkowski, to Whittaker's 1903 sum set. When a signal is "infolded" inside
the DC potential, it is modulated upon (multiples) one or more of the internal
biwave pairs. Ziolkowski's work is necessary to deal with that; Stoney and
Whittaker alone do not handle it.
PSYCHOENERGETICS
Russian branch of energetics
where extended electrodynamics is targeted upon the mind and its functions,
hence in the time-domain and employing time-polarized EM
waves.
PSYCHOTRONICS
Czechoslovakian name for extended
electrodynamics effects on the living body.
PUMPED PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR
(PPCM)
A nonlinear material
which:
(i) when provided with an input
wave, emits an amplified phase conjugate replica (time reversed replica) of that
wave, and
(ii) has additional opposing waves
as inputs, so that their energy is transformed into the amplified energy of the
time-reversed replica wave.
The word "mirror" is misleading, in
that the "mirror" may be just a highly nonlinear material, or be an actual
smooth metallic surface containing "hot spots" by heating, etc. In any case, it
is the nonlinearities such as the hot spots that produce the phase conjugating
action.
PUTHOFF,
HAROLD
Noted physicist active in a
variety of fields and investigations including in psychoenergetics, extended
electrodynamics, energy from the vacuum, parapsychology, remote viewing,
psychokinesis, zero-point energy of the vacuum, and
cosmology.
We have specifically mentioned his
important cosmological feedback principle.
QM VACUUM
The quantum mechanical vacuum,
which models the vacuum as an intense flux of virtual particles, each appearing
an disappearing in such extreme time intervals as to be unobservable
individually.
Violent fluctuations of extremely
short duration constantly occur in the QM vacuum flux. Various calculations
estimate the energy density (in mass units) as up to
1080-1090 grams per cubic centimeter, or even
greater.
QUALITATIVELY
Determination based on
qualitative analysis, usually as contrasted to quantitative
determinations.
QUANTIZED
i) Reduction of some observable
quantity to multiples of some small, indivisible unit,
or,
ii) expressed in terms of quantum
theory.
QUANTUM
A single "particle" of the
quantity action.
The quantum is always composed of
two fundamental quantities (canonical variables), and it is the "fissioning" of
the action quantum into two pieces which results in detection of one of the
pieces. An indefinite "smear" of part of the two pieces may be simultaneously
detected by a linear detector, but never both exactly (Heisenberg uncertainty
principle). More recent work has shown that, in a highly nonlinear situation,
both canonical variables can be determined simultaneously to any desired degree
of accuracy, in which case the Heisenberg uncertainty principle does not hold in
its conventional form. This fundamental change in what has been regarded as one
of the "sacred laws" of physics has not yet made it into most physics
texts.
QUANTUM
ELECTRODYNAMICS
The theory of photons and electrically charged particles and their interactions.
The
use of the term "quantum" implies that the EM radiation's discrete photon nature
is significant, so that quantum theory must be employed.
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
A quantum mechanical theory in
which "... a physical field is considered as a collection of particles and
forces, and observable properties of an interacting system are expressed as
finite quantities rather than state vectors."
[Dictionary of Science and Technology,
ibid.] More simply (after Davies, The
New Physics, 1989): "The theory that describes the quantum effects of a
classical system of fields defined on space-time and satisfying various partial
differential equations."
QUANTUM POTENTIAL
A special potential added to the
Schrödinger equation, by Bohm in his hidden variable theory of quantum
mechanics.
The quantum potential can move
instantaneously. In my book Gravitobiology, I published a mechanism
by means of which a quantum potential can be created. (There may of course be other QP-creating mechanisms). An
iterative, mutually phase conjugating of EM signals passed back and forth
between two objects, or among many of them, is called self-targeting. Extreme self-targeting
can produce such a QP or partially produce one, particularly if a dense
"pumping" (optical sense) of the phase conjugate mirror objects occurs. I am
presently proposing the QP as a means of direct energy amplification. I.e., if
there is "instantaneous travel" between two light-observed points, then to the
instantaneous agent there is no length separation or time separation between the
points. This of course means that in effect the objects now coexist "superposed"
on each other in a multiply connected space, at least with some fraction of
"coupling".
Suppose the coupling fraction is
0.5, and 100 widely separate d nodes are so connected by a common QP. Then if
one puts in 1 joule per second of energy flow at a given node, there will
instantly and simultaneously appear at each of the other 99 nodes one-half joule
of energy per second flow. So I can gain quite a bit o f direct energy amplification in this
distributed system, and nothing can "shield" the distant nodes. Presently, other than possibly Gabriel
Kron's "open path", I have not found any other consideration of "direct
amplification of energy at a distance".
The implications of the quantum
potential—in everything from power sources to medicine to weaponry—are
staggering. Weapons based on
just this very QP, multiply connected space, and direct energy amplification
appear to have already been developed and are on site in three nations. A fourth either is just getting them or
is nearing their deployment.
QUATERNION
Expression comprised of the sum
of four terms, one of which is real and three of which contain imaginary units,
and that can be written as the sum of a scalar and a three-dimensional
vector.
QUATERNION ALGEBRA
The algebra of quaternions and
their mathematical operations.
Quaternion algebra is of higher
topology than either vector algebra or tensor algebra. Maxwell's original equations are some 20
equations in 20 unknowns, in quaternion algebra. Heaviside and others reduced
the algebra to vector algebra and some four equations. The present vector equations taught in
university as "Maxwell's equations" are in fact Heaviside's truncation of the
Maxwell theory. Going to tensor
algebra electrodynamics cannot recover the full range of Maxwell's quaternion
theory.
As an example, what Tesla actually
did in his patented circuits cannot even be seen in vector or tensor
analysis. On the other hand,
analysis of his circuits by quaternion electrodynamics clearly reveals his
startling ability to shuttle the energy in the circuit at will. See T. W. Barrett,
"Tesla's Nonlinear Oscillator-Shuttle-Circuit (OSC) Theory," Annales de la Fondation Louis de
Broglie, 16(1), 1991, p. 23-41.
QUINTESSENCE
Literally, the "fifth
essence". In short, dark
energy.
RADIONICS
To be
added.
REACTIVE
POWER
Electrical power, measured in
volts-amps-reactive (vars) that cannot do work as
is.
For sinusoidal waveforms, the
formula for reactive power is given by I×V×sinq, where q is the phase angle between the voltage and the
current.
REAL, HIDDEN DYNAMICS
The dynamics of vacuum engines,
or of "internal energy" or "internal work" ongoing in a system or volume of
space.
REAL HIDDEN VECTORS
The "hidden" or "infolded" real
vector components,
e.g., of a vector zero summation
system.
A group of nonzero, finite vectors
which as a system sum to a net translation zero; i.e., which do not translate a
resisting mass or charge, but do "stress" it. Such a system therefore constitutes a
stress potential.
REAL POWER (ACTIVE
POWER)
Power, measured in watts, that
can do work, including generating heat.
For sinusoidal waves, real power is
given by the formula I×V×cos q, where q is the phase angle between the voltage and the
current.
REAL VECTORS
Vectors in three space, without
imaginary components.
REGAUGE, REGAUGING
Changing the scalar potential or
the vector potential, or both.
If one or both of the potentials
is/are changed so that a net force is created in the system, that is an
asymmetrical regauging.
If only one potential is changed, a
net force results and that is an asymmetrical
regauging.
If both potentials are changed but
carefully selected so that the free force resulting from one change is equal and
opposite to the free force resulting from the other, that is a net symmetrical
regauging, often called a "Lorentz regauging".
RECTANGULAR TRANSFORMATION
MATRIX
Standard mathematical
physics.
REFLECTION
The rebound of light or other
energy from a surface.
A smooth surface (e.g., a mirror)
may produce a specular reflection. A rough surface (e.g., a sheet of paper)
produces a diffuse reflection. Actually, in reflection of light, the same light
does not rebound; instead, the light incident upon the mirror or surface is
absorbed, and new light is re-emitted by that surface. Further, considering
reflection from a dielectric, every interior part of the dielectric participates
in the reflection. All the internal information about the entire
object—everything!—is there in that reflected light, infolded as the hidden
"information content of the field" (Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski structuring
inside the two scalar potentials comprising the reflected wave). With the Fogal
semiconductor, at least some of that hidden "pinna" information in a sample
detection of the reflected light can be outfolded and
displayed.
REFRACTION
The bending of light as it passes
from one medium to another.
It is the phenomenon that enables a
lens to focus light and that makes a stick appear to bend where it dips into
water.
REPULSION BEAM
A beam of energy directed at a
target, which when absorbed by the target will generate a force in and on that
target to push it away from the beam projector.
REPULSION-FORCE-GENERATING
BEAMS
Beams of energy which "push away"
their targeted receivers, by inducing a force in the receiver directed away from
the source of the beam.
RETARDED
WAVE
The electromagnetic wave that is
derived from the retarded fields, which in turn are derived from the retarded
potentials.
This means that the retarded wave at
a point or region of space has arrived there or exists there as the result of
the dynamics of charges and currents that existed at earlier
times.
RETROREFLECTING
Precisely reversing the path
of.
An example is a phase conjugate
reflection.
SACHS,
MENDEL
Noted scientist who has completed
the work of Einstein and developed a unified field theory covering the universe
from the tiniest part to the entire
conglomerate.
SACHS' UNIFIED FIELD
THEORY
An extension and completion of
Einstein's work that includes the universe and its dynamics from the tiniest
part to the entire conglomerate, and includes quantum mechanics,
electromagnetics, gravitation, and the strong and weak
forces.
SCALAR
Characterized by magnitude
only.
SCALAR (QUANTITY)
In ordinary vector analysis, a
quantity completely characterized by magnitude only.
Actually, it contains magnitude and
time, because to exist it must steadily exist in time. So we take the smallest
increment of observer time we wish to consider, and that is the minimum "length"
of the time-tail that the scalar must occupy and have, i n order to even be a
"perceived or detected" thing. Before the mathematician jumps in with a nice
limiting process to take away the time-tail, if you let that little time
interval get too close to zero, then you get too close to eliminating the
observer himself, and the entire problem vanishes including mathematics and
physics and the observer as well.
One simply cannot demonstrate
something that does not exist in time—on paper, in one's mind, or otherwise! Be
careful of the term "spacelike " in physics! It hides a logical nightmare. This
was the very problem I uncovered in Aristotelian logic; the little increments of
time to have a "perceived A" or a "perceived not-A" or to apply an "identity
decision criteria" to determine identity or nonidentity, had been left out for
lo these 2,000 or so years.
SCALAR
ELECTROMAGNETICS
That electrodynamics that arises
from considering transverse EM waves, longitudinal EM waves, time-polarized EM
waves, electrogravitation, superluminal EM signals, interferometry, nonlinear
optical functions, time-as-energy, and the infolded electrodynamics inside all
usual EM fields, waves, and potentials.
SCALAR POTENTIAL
Usually considered synonymous
with the electric potential.
Here we have another "logical
nightmare."
Anyway, the conventional
"definition" of electric potential assumes one knows what a "potential" is
already, and goes something like this: "The potential measured by the energy of
a unit positive charge at a point, expressed relative to an equipotential
surface, generally the surface of the earth, that has zero potential." [Dictionary of Science and Technology,
ibid., p. 722.]. Well, that is botched. It tells or attempts to tell what the measurement of a potential is, using a
unit positive charge and a process. A potential cannot be its own magnitude
measurement, just as a man cannot be his own weight
measurement.
So what do we do? We have to tell
what the potential is. This is the
problem that so mystified and infuriated Oliver Heaviside, when he altered and
diminished Maxwell's equations to rid them of every potential that he could.
Heaviside stated that the potential was "mystical and ought to be murdered from the
theory." He tried to do just that, and conditioned generations of
electrodynamicists to believe that the potential had no physical reality at all,
but was only a mathematical convenience. Nahin expresses Heaviside's view as
follows: "In an 1893 letter to Oliver Lodge, Heaviside said of his own work that
it represented the 'real and true "Maxwell" as Maxwell would have done it if he
had not been humbugged by his vector and scalar potentials.'" Paul Nahin, Oliver Heaviside: Sage in Solitude,
IEEE Press, New York, 1988, p. 134, n. 37.
The concept of potential was
developed by Poisson, Green, and others from about 1813 to 1827. Three notions
involved in the development of the concept of the potential are: (i) there is
the collection or storage of energy in the system, via the collect ion or
storage of some entity therein, and this "potential energy" can be released and
dynamically used, (ii) the potential is a scalar function whose spatial rate of
change is a vector force, and (iii) the dynamics of the stored energy is
suspended by the "storage" or "collecting" entity; in other words it is a sort
of "suspended action" waiting to be unleashed. It requires some action—such as interception
and divergence—to release the leashed energy.
We have to disagree with the second
notion, having already discussed the fact that no vector force exists unless
mass is present, since mass is a component of force. Here we have a residue of
the old "material ether" concept. For the third notion, we note that the concept
of a "virtual" particle or particle flux means that it cannot become observable
unless some interaction is imposed. So we may handle the "third notion"
requirement by assuming the potential to be composed of hidden virtual particle
flux, or hidden wave flux, in wave-to-wave
interaction.
Physics basically tries to define
the electrical potential as energy per coulomb, or f = W/Q. That equation, however, is actually not a
definition at all, but rather is an algorithm for calculating the magnitude of
the excess energy collection/collecting upon a coulomb of charge, when that
coulomb is immersed in the potential f. It in fact
is the reaction cross section of the
potential, not the potential entity itself. This now begins to give us a clue.
Potential is energy in some fashion.
So the entity f must have essentially the same definition as energy!
Potential energy, collected energy, stored energy, whatever it's energy first
and foremost.
Refer to our discussion of the 3-law
logical contradiction in the concept of energy. The same logical contradiction
must be present in the notion of the potential.
Just as we did for energy, we must
define the scalar potential f in two appositive ways: (i) in the wave view and (ii) in
the particle view. So we define potential (particle view) as any virtual
particle flux. We also define potential (wave view) as any hidden wave flux.
Further, we note that the energetic vacuum is composed of a virtual particle
flux (particle view) and so it is also a potential. Since the virtual particle
flux of the vacuum is extremely intense, the vacuum potential is enormous in
magnitude.
We shall also consider any other
potential to ultimately be a change to the vacuum potential. Originally, one
conceived of a potential occupying the "vacuum as an empty space." Then general
relativity made the vacuum into spacetime, geometrized it, and made the geometry
itself dynamic and operative—i.e., energetic. Okay! Then that makes spacetime
itself a potential.
We also firmly dispose of the
peculiar and deformed notion that the scalar potential of a point-source charge
(at any spatial point that the potential occupies) may be defined as the "work performed upon a
unit charge by pushing it in against the E-field of that source charge, to that
spatial point." This is an equation and not a definition at all; instead, it is
an algorithm for calculating the energy density magnitude of the scalar
potential. It is a fine algorithm, but it has nothing at all to do with what the
potential itself is. Again, a man
cannot be defined as an algorithm for calculating the magnitude of his height or
his weight or his energy density!
Without further discussion, we also
somewhat extend the general relativity notion of spacetime as dynamic geometry,
as follows: In a special sense, spacetime º geometry º potential º "trapped " or collected/collecting energy. So when we
engineer the internal structure of the potential, we also engineer the internal
structure (subspace) of spacetime and spacetime geometry. Curvature of
spacetime, e.g., becomes simply a change in the energy density of the vacuum,
from the ambient value, and it can be internally structured so as to contain
"engines". When we apply the hidden
EM variable theory of the Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski work, particularly when we
consider the phase conjugate pairing as it exists in spacetime before
interaction with charge, we are engineering and extending (i) electromagnetics,
(ii) quantum mechanics, (iii) general relativity, (iv) spacetime, (v) the
spacetime curvature concept, and (vi) spacetime
geometry.
SCATTERING PROCESSES
Collision processes in which an
incident particle such as a photon, electron, or proton, of known energy or
direction or both, collides with another entity, and emerges from the collision
with a different energy or direction or both.
SCHRÖDINGER,
ERWIN
Noted Austrian physicist and
Nobelist who discovered the wave equation named after him as the Schrödinger
equation, and performed other vital work in wave
mechanics.
SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
In quantum mechanics: an equation
that describes the propagation of waves associated with subatomic particles, or
more generally, that describes the evolution over time of the quantum state of a
system.
SCHUMANN
RESONANCES
The extremely low frequency (ELF)
resonant frequencies of the Earth-Ionospheric
waveguide.
The first five Schumann resonances
calculated from a simple model are 10.6 Hz, 18.3 Hz, 25.8 Hz, 33.4 Hz, and 40.9
Hz. However, better models are
available and the frequencies vary from these simple model solutions. A better calculation gives the first
four as 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz nominally.
The measured Schumann resonance corresponding to the 8 Hz is about 7.75
Hz. This is very near the
mechanical resonance frequency of the human body, and also is evidenced in brain
waves often "locking" to this frequency in the natural
environment.
See W. O. Schumann, Z. Naturforschung, Vol. 72, 1952, p.
149, 250. For detailed models and
discussion of the observations, see J. Galejs, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards, Vol. 69D,
1965, p. 1043.
SELF-ENERGY
In a quantum mechanical system,
the energy associated with the emission and absorption of virtual
particles.
In a classical system, the energy
associated with the interaction among parts of the system
itself.
SELF-ORGANIZATION
(After Davies, The New Physics, 1989): "Spontaneous emergence of order, arising
when certain parameters built in a system reach critical values."
Simpler put, it is the spontaneous
formation of patterns of localized order in a system which begins in a more
homogeneous state. In short, the
system moves from a simpler to a more complex
state.
SELF-POTENTIAL (E.G., OF THE
ELECTRON)
The potential created in and of
the charge
...(e.g., the electron) by its
virtual particle flux exchange with the vacuum.
Also, an asymmetry in the virtual
photon flux of the vacuum, caused by the interaction of the charge (e.g., the
electron) with the vacuum flux. From here, we note that the self-potential must
consist of real observable 3-space EM energy flow or flows from the electron,
because of the asymmetry. However,
the charge is not the primary source per
se of the energy flows that establish the self-potential, but instead is the
asymmetric gate in the vacuum flux that "gates out" the potential and its energy
flux. The asymmetry in the vacuum flux is the actual source. Indeed, the energy is received by the
charge in the form of converging longitudinal EM energy waves from the complex
plane (from the time domain). The
spin of the charges of the dipole transduce the absorbed complex EM energy into
real observable EM longitudinal wave energy, and pour it out in all directions
in 3-space. See my paper, "Giant
Negentropy from the Common Dipole," ibid. for the mechanism for the charge
also.
SELF, SENSE
OF
To be
added.
SELF-TARGETING
Between two entities, where each
acts partially or wholly as a phase conjugate mirror, self-targeting is the
iterative phase conjugation or "ping-ponging" and rapid convergence of beams
between the two PCMs.
It has a spectacular application in
phase conjugate shooting from a
spaceborne laser against a rising hostile booster, even several thousand miles
distant. First a laser pulse is "bounced off" the distant target, and the
reflected pulse returns to the receiver in the laser platform. It carries the
movement-induced alteration of the distant target on the pulse it reflected. The
next emitted pulse is an amplified phase conjugate replica of that received
pulse, and it will backtrack to the same spot on the rising booster, leading it
a bit and converging moderately so that it meets that spot. That spot begins to
heat up, increasing its nonlinearity and making it act even more as a PCM. So
its reflected signal off the "hot spot" is also a phase conjugate replica of the
pulse that it received from the laser. That reflected pulse now will moderately
converge its reflected energy upon the distant laser, increasing the return to
the laser. The ping-pong continues, so that the laser beam narrows sharply upon
the distant hot spot, and the reflected beam from the hotspot narrows sharply
upon the distant laser. This "iterative narrowing ping pong" locks the laser
upon the distant hotspot, even though the booster is moving. This process
continues for the necessary dwell time, until the beam melts through that spot
and explodes the hostile booster. The iterative phase conjugating reflection, or
"ping ponging" between the target spot and the laser, is called self-targeting.
S-FLOW
The Poynting energy density flow
S, where S º E´H + G.
E is the electric
field, H is the magnetic field
strength, and G is a trapped closed
loop flow of energy density.
The S-flow is not the total energy flow per
se. Since the fields E and H and the closed loop G are only defined in terms of the
intercepted, trapped or "collected" energy, then S-flow is always with respect to some assumed
intercepting/collecting entity, usually an assumed unit point
charge.
SIGNAL WAVE
In nonlinear optics, the input
signal (wave) to a phase conjugate mirror (PCM), which stimulates the PCM to
emit a phase conjugate replica (PCR) wave in return.
SLEPIAN CURRENT
The vector
jf , which in a current loop represents the energy unit area
per coulomb of flowing charge, per unit of time, that is collected/collecting
from the Poynting S-flow and
dissipated in that current loop in its load s and losses.
It does not include the enormous
amount of Heaviside nondiverged energy density flow that is flowing along the
outside of the circuit conductors, and that is not being collected and therefore
not being dissipated.
SLEPIAN FLOW
"Flow of collected-energy density
dissipation" in a current loop,
...and therefore to the vector jf in
the current loop, which represents the energy per unit area per coulomb of
flowing charge, per unit of time, that is being dissipated in that current loop
in its loads and losses.
It does not represent the enormous
amount of energy that is flowing along the circuit, that is not being collected,
not diverged, and therefore does not enter the circuit to be dissipated from
it.
SLEPIAN VECTOR
Refers to the vector jf in a current loop,
...which represents the energy
density per coulomb of flowing charge, per unit of time, that is being
dissipated in that current loop in its loads and
losses.
It does not represent the enormous
amount of energy that is flowing along the circuit, but not being collected and
therefore not being dissipated. We accent that only intercepted and collected energy can be
dissipated!
SOLID-STATE PARAMETRIC
OSCILLATORS
A parametric oscillator circuit
employing solid state devices.
A parametric oscillator is a device
that oscillates by rhythmically changing a parameter (such as capacitance or
inductance, etc.).
Simple switching between differing
values of the parameter is often used to induced the periodic change of the
parameter.
SOLITON
A
wave pulse which propagates without changing its shape and without
dispersion.
SOURCE
DIPOLE
Any dipole, considered from the
viewpoint that EM energy continuously pours out of
it.
There is no true "source" as such in
nature, since the energy is not created but only gated. In the case of the dipole and electrical
charge as sources of EM energy, fields, and potentials, we solved that vexing
problem in our "Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole", ibid.
SPACETIME
The entity represented by the
"fused product" of space and time, to give "space ´ time".
Spacetime is also dynamic geometry,
in the general relativistic interpretation. We consider spacetime to be a
potential, and also geometry, and also vacuum, and also virtual particle flux,
and also hidden wave flux.
SPATIAL CLOUD
A cloud of something (such as
electrons) in a spatial region.
SPATIALLY
With reference to space and
spatial position.
SPECIAL
RELATIVITY
Einstein's theory of inertial
frames in which, if two systems are moving uniformly in relation to each other,
one cannot determine anything about their motion except that it is
relative.
Each of the two frames is said to be
"rotated" with respect to the other, but not accelerating. The velocity of light in space (the
vacuum) is constant, and is independent of the velocity of its source and the
velocity of an observer. All the
laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of
reference.
SPIN
The intrinsic angular momentum of
a particle, such as an electron, proton, neutron, photon, graviton etc.,
...even when at rest, as if it were
a top spinning about an axis, but had to spin 720 degrees before it turned "full
circle."
Spin is quantized, and is always
described as a half or whole spin, e.g., - 1, - 1/2, 0, 1/2, 1, etc. A spinning charged particle such as an
electron thus demonstrates a magnetic moment, due to the circulation of charge
in the spinning. In the nucleus of an atom, the spin of the nucleus is the
resultant of the spins of the nucleons (particles comprising the
nucleus).
Spin of particles would appear to be
more like an "implosion" to "explosion" circulation; in other words, it
circulates in the time domain (complex plane) as well. It would appear that the
spin of a particle is the basic feature that integrates the (disintegrated) flux
energy of vacuum flux into observable charge. Apparently all observable fields,
matter, effects, etc. depend upon this basic mechanism to zip together virtual
entities and form observable phenomena.
SPIRAL
GALAXY
Those galaxies having arms which
extend in the form of spirals.
About 70% of all galaxies are spiral
galaxies.
The interesting thing is that only
about 10% of the gravity necessary to hold the spiral arms together can be
accounted for by known gravitational sources. This has led to the theorizing of dark
(hidden) matter of exotic and unknown form, which would be responsible for the
excess gravity.
The present author has proposed that
the unaccounted enormous Heaviside component of the EM energy flow surrounding
every field/charge interaction and not entering into that interaction, accounts
for the missing source of the gravity.
See "Dark Matter or Dark Energy?", Journal of New
Energy, 4(4), Spring 2000, p. 4-11.
S-SOURCE
Source of Poynting energy density
flow.
Source of S = E´H flow. The primary
source is considered to always be an asymmetry in the virtual particle flux of
the vacuum. The S-flow rigorously is that component of
the overall energy flow that is intercepted by some system of interest—either
present or assumed. That component
of the overall energy flow that is not intercepted by the system of interest, is
referred to by this author as the Heaviside energy flow or the dark energy flow
associated with every field/charge interaction.
STONEY To be
added
To be
added.
STONEY/WHITTAKER BIWAVE DECOMPOSITION
OF THE SCALAR POTENTIAL ACROSS THE DIPOLE
(i) a scalar potential (i.e., a
difference in potential) exists between the end charges of a
dipole,
(ii) that potential (difference) can
be mathematically decomposed into a harmonic series of bidirectional EM wave
pairs, where each pair consists of an EM wave and its precisely superposed
time-reversed twin. Thus a dipole is a "source" or identically is a set of
hidden bidirectional waves (wave view).
STRING
THEORY
A rather recent mathematical physics theory which replaces the zero-dimensional "point" used in previous physics with a one-dimensional object called a "string".
It
has been particularly effective in describing the gluon forces between two
colored particles in particle physics, and has since been extended to many other
areas. It is sometimes referred to
as the "theory of everything".
"STRING" WAVE
The transverse wave on a taut
string produced when the string is plucked.
The string wave itself stays on the
string and does not travel through the slapped external
medium.
However, Faraday believed that EM
fields in vacuum consisted of "material lines of force" which behaved like such
taut material strings, without any physical endholders. He thought that EM
disturbances were simply the transverse disturbances of those "lines of force".
He profoundly affected Maxwell's thinking, so that Maxwell accepted these
physical lines of force. Consequently Maxwell assumed those same "transverse taut
string vibration waves" in his EM wave theory.
In eliminating the "stringholders"
for the assumed taut strings, Faraday and Maxwell discarded the Newtonian third
law half of electrodynamics! They discarded half the energy and half the wave as
well. Consequently today physics has no causative mechanism for Newton's third
law, because it threw out the EM mechanism for it more than a century ago and
never noticed it!
SU(2)´SU(2) SYMMETRY ELECTRODYNAMICS
To be
added.
SUBSPACE
In vector mathematics: a subset
of a vector space which is closed under vector addition and scalar
multiplication operations.
In physics: Physics often uses the
term "space" to refer to spacetime. It also uses the term "space" to refer to
the dimensions of space, without the dimensions of time. At any rate, the
spatial portion of spacetime is represented mathematically by some convenient
number of dimensions. In the most usual practice, Minkowski spacetime of 3
spatial dimensions and one time dimension is utilized. In the Minkowski space,
we now consider that "space" to be a vacuum scalar potential. If we consider the
internal Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski biwave pairs comprising that vacuum
potential, we may transmit a signal communication along one or more of these
internal biwaves, without changing any of the others. In that case, no overall
potential gradient and overall forcefield signal appears. That domain that is
infolded "inside" the scalar potential is said to be subspace. It may be modeled
as a space of n-dimensions, where those dimensions are compacted and not
observable to an external observer. Subspace gained great popularity from the
Star Trek television series, where the spaceships used "subspace communications"
to have signals propagate far faster than the speed of light. Bill Fogal has
been working with some success on what should be a concrete realization of just
this very "subspace communication system", with infolded signals that move much
faster than the speed of light in vacuum.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Property of some materials or metals whereby their resistance reduces to zero at very low temperatures.
These
materials also exhibit many additional properties that are anomalous when
compared to normal materials. Much
research effort has gone into the attempt to find materials which exhibit
superconductivity at higher temperatures, with the goal of reaching room
temperature superconductivity.
SUPERLUMINAL
In a manner or with a speed
faster than c, the speed of light in vacuum.
SUPERLUMINAL COMMUNICATION
The movement of signals faster
than the speed of light in vacuum,
...and the transmission and
reception of such signals and extraction of their transported
information.
Longitudinal EM waves are not
limited to speed c; transverse EM waves are limited to speed c. The infolded electrodynamics inside all
EM fields, potentials, and waves consists of longitudinal EM phase conjugate
wavepairs, with their impressed electrodynamics. Hence this "subspace" is a superhighway
for such waves, including for those moving at superluminal velocity. In essence this is a very special kind
of "tunneling" which we might refer to as subspace tunneling. The limitation to light speed rigorously
applies to the modeled transverse EM waves which are a sort of "bulk upheaval"
waves similar to waves on the surface of the ocean. As in the ocean wave analogy, "pressure"
waves underneath the ocean may travel very much faster than the bulk upheaval
waves on the surface.
When making longitudinal EM waves,
the process is imperfect and the resulting longitudinal EM waves will have a
transverse residue as well. The
resulting "transverse-noisy" LW is called an undistorted progressive
wave. Undistorted
progressive waves may move slower than the speed of light or faster than the
speed of light. See
W. A. Rodrigues Jr. and J.-Y. Lu, “On the existence of undistorted progressive
waves (UPWs) of arbitrary speeds 0 £ v
<¥ in
nature,” Foundations of Physics,
27(3), 1997, p. 435-508. A slightly
corrected version is downloadable as hep-th/9606171 on the Los Alamos National
Laboratory web site, and includes corrections to the published version.
SUPERPOSE
To lay or place on, over, or
above something else, with the connotation of mixing.
SUPERPOSITION
The simple linear addition and
subtraction of two or more values, states, etc.
Superposition is one of the key
principles in field theories and in the concept of
potentials.
SUPERSET
A large set referenced to a small
set, where the small set is included in the larger set.
The large set is said to be a superset of the small set. The small set
is said to be a subset of the larger
set.
SW (STONEY-WHITTAKER)
STRUCTURES
The Stoney-Whittaker hidden
bidirectional EM wavepairs comprising the scalar potential, and structuring
(altering) of same.
We call this internal EM dynamics
inside every EM wave, field, and potential the "infolded" electrodynamics. Russian weapon scientists refer to it as
the information content of the
field.
SYMMETRICAL REGAUGING
In electromagnetics, changing the
scalar potential to a different value, and simultaneously changing the vector
potential to a different value, with the two changes just precisely selected so
that the two extra forces (each created by one of the changes) are equal and
opposite—thus canceling with respect to translation and doing no net external
work.
We note that the two forces
themselves must be considered to be present and still working continuously in
opposition, increasing the stress upon the system regauged with excess energy,
or decreasing the stress upon the system regauged with less
energy.
This presence of "equal and
opposite" excess forces from the symmetrical regauging is known as the Lorentz condition. The end result is
that the net force fields of the
regauged system remain the same, even though the stress of the system has been
altered by the regauging and the potential energy of the system has also been
changed. Since abstract vector mathematics contains no such thing as "stress" in
its background vector space, zero vector resultant system of multiple nonzero
vectors are most often simply discarded.
Early electrodynamicists symmetrically regauged Heaviside's two "Maxwell"
equations (potential form) so as to easily separate the variables. The net
effect was to discard that set of the Heaviside/Maxwell equations that
prescribed and included open electrodynamic systems that freely receive and
collect energy from the external vacuum, and also obtain a free excess force
which then can permissibly utilize that excess energy to translate and produce
external work upon the system or externally upon a load. In short, the
symmetrical regauging discarded practical overunity electrodynamic circuits and
devices, which Maxwell's equations—even in their Heaviside modified form—have
always prescribed and permitted. Contrast to asymmetrical
regauging.
We specifically point out that the
two extra forces remain, as does their energy, and both may be dynamic as the
system is dynamic. Hence when one
regauges, one has changed the gravitational aspects of the system and also
curved the local spacetime.
Further, this ST curvature is internally structured and that structure is
dynamic. Thus contrary to the
assumptions of electrodynamics, the regauged system is not the same as the original
system.
SYMMETRY
A theory or process possesses a
symmetry with respect to certain operations performed on it, if those applied
operations do not change the theory or process.
The
theory or process is then said to be "symmetric" with respect to those
operations. As an example, there is
no observable change in a circle when it is rotated or reflected in a
mirror. The circle is therefore
said to have rotational symmetry and reflection symmetry.
TANTALUM CAPACITOR
Electrolytic capacitor with a
tantalum or sintered-slug anode,
...such as solid tantalum,
tantalum-foil electrolytic, and tantalum-slug
capacitors.
For the same capacitance, the weight
and volume of the tantalum capacitor are less than comparable aluminum
electrolytic capacitors. In other words, you can make the little son-of-a-gun
smaller, for a given capacitance and charge it must hold. When utilized in the Fogal fashion, the
tantalum capacitor also exhibits other properties that are still proprietary to
Fogal's semiconductor processes and to Bill Fogal.
TARGETED PINPOINTS
Refers to those separated points
which engage in self-targeting between themselves and some separated signal
energy source (as in Fogal's semiconductor).
The effect is to sharply narrow the
retroreflected source signal energy from the source onto the separated points by
means of the mutual ping-ponging. In this fashion much more energy density from
the source can be concentrated on the targeted pinpoints. In effect, phase
conjugate shooting is evoked.
TENSOR
A special mathematical entity
which is an element of a vector space such that it represents the tensor product
of vector spaces and their duals.
Much of modern physics and advanced
electromagnetics is expressed in tensor algebra
theory.
TESLA, NIKOLA
Famous American emigré electrical
inventor and eccentric whose numerous inventions fueled much of the electrical
20th century.
Tesla produced the AC system,
including polyphase systems. From his experiments he knew that the EM wave in
vacuum was longitudinal, like sound waves. In spite of his great
accomplishments, his eccentricities and grandiose pronouncements did not endear
him to electrodynamicists! An example is his acrid comment: "...I showed that the universal medium is a
gaseous body in which only longitudinal pulses can be propagated, involving
alternating compressions and expansions similar to those produced by sound waves
in the air. Thus, a wireless transmitter does not emit Hertz waves which are a
myth, but sound waves in the ether, behaving in every respect like those in the
air, except that, owing to the great elastic force and extremely small density
of the medium, their speed is that of light." Another major example is his
statement: "The Hertz wave theory of
wireless transmission may be kept up for a while, but I do not hesitate to say
that in a short time it will be recognized as one of the most remarkable and
inexplicable aberrations of the scientific mind which has ever been recorded in
history."
Ironically, modern quantum mechanics
has almost proven Tesla right that "the universal medium is a gaseous body."
Today the modern QM vacuum is very much like a virtual particle gas. And of
course the discussions in this present annotated glossary show why I personally
am of the opinion that Tesla was also correct in his firm disbelief that those
Faraday-Maxwell "taut physical strings without physical holders" filled the
ether and provided transverse EM wave oscillations. I also agree with him that
the EM wave in vacuum is a longitudinal wave, exactly like a sound wave. I
believe that the transverse gyroelectron precession waves that our instruments
actually measure in the conductor when it receives an incoming EM wave from the
vacuum, proves that the vacuum wave is indeed longitudinal—else it would seem we
must discard the spin of an electron and the theory of gyroscopes. Finally, one
should see, e.g., Patrick Cornille, "Inhomogeneous Waves and Maxwell's
Equations." Chapter 4 in Essays on the
Formal Aspects of Electromagnetic Theory, Aklesh Lakhtakia, Ed., World
Scientific, New York, 1993. Cornille clearly shows that Maxwell's equations are
directly created by scalar potential interferometry. As he states, this means
that EM force field wave s are created by the interference of sound-type scalar
potential waves, or "sound creates light." This strongly supports Tesla's
original statement that EM waves in the vacuum are actually EM sound waves, much
like sound waves i n a gas.
TESLA'S MAGNIFYING TRANSMITTER
(include Jackson quote)
To be
added.
THERMOACOUSTICS
The generation of
sound waves by heat.
THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINE
Essentially a closed resonant chamber containing three heat exchangers and a working fluid—such as an inert gas—under pressure, and used with a transducer to provide power such as mechanical power.
One heat exchanger is the hot-side exchanger through which heat is injected, another is the cold-side exchanger in which a coolant is circulated, and the third is a passive device between the other two, and known as a regenerator or thermal capacitor. The heating and cooling changes the pressure in the fluid greatly, and the regenerator oscillates back and forth, taking energy from the fluid, then giving it back, and keeping the engine going. A pressure wave (shock wave) moves through the working fluid and produces a resonator effect. The end result is an engine with rapidly fluctuating pressure gradients and no moving parts. The pressure gradients are then tapped off to drive a piston, which drives a linear alternator producing electricity. In a typical application, a single piston with a surface area of 1.5 square inches, and with a travel of only one centimeter, operated at 500 Hz, will produce about 30 horsepower output.
Information on these engines can be found on the Fellows Research Group website at http://www.io.com/~frg, or E-mail to frg@io.com. Many thanks to Oscar L. Fellows, "Be Our Guest: Thermoacoustic Engines—Propulsion, Power for the 21st Century," Power Online, 1/24/2000.
THERMODYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Stable
state eventually reached by an isolated system. One may consider it a "balanced" or
"preferred" state.
Actually,
a totally isolated system could not change. Any system is in a constant exchange
with its vacuum environment, a priori, and no such thing as a completely
isolated system exists in nature.
Hence once excited, a system—to reach equilibrium—must exchange with its
environment and is not a truly isolated system. But systems do exchange with their
environment in hidden forms, so we can just let the original statement stand as
is. Sloppy, but okay so long as we
recognize the limits.
TIME
To be
added.
TIME-CHARGE
To be
added.
TIME-CHARGING
To be
added.
TIME-ENERGY
To be
added.
TIME-EXCITATION
To be
added.
TIME-FLOW
MECHANISM
To be
added.
TIME-POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVE
An electromagnetic wave whose
vibrations occur in the time domain only.
The wave is theorized in quantum
field theory, or at least its time-polarized photon is theorized and called a
"scalar" photon. There seems to be
no Western method for detecting such waves, though they are predicted by
theory.
TIME-POLARIZED (SCALAR)
PHOTON
A photon whose vibrations occur
in the time domain only, also known as a "scalar"
photon.
TIME-FORWARD WAVE
A normal wave moving in forward
time. Otherwise known as the
retarded wave.
The external observer comfortably
sees its forward progress as expected.
TIME REVERSAL
The process of forming the phase
conjugate
...(e.g., of a wave or particle or
entity or process or vacuum engine.).
We accent that time-reversing a single object
or single group of objects is not
the same thing as "travel into the past" so popularized by science fiction. For
time travel to the past, the entire universe and everything in it except the
traveler, would have to be time-reversed. That would not seem possible by any
stretch of the imagination today! On the other hand, time-reversal of a single
thing such as a particle or a wave—or even a group of things such as a group of
particles or waves—is not only feasible but is readily achievable. A positron is
a time-reversed electron, e.g. Becker showed that laughably weak DC electrical
trickle currents (picoamperes) across otherwise intractable bone fractures could
engender healing of the bone fractures. In investigating the effect, he showed
that entire cells—specifically in that case, the red blood cells—were
time-reversed (dedifferentiated) and then fast-forwarded (redifferentiated) into
new kinds of cells, genetics and
all.
In France in the 1960s and early
1970s, the Priore team showed in laboratory animals that this mechanism (which
they nor anyone else understood they were unwittingly evoking) could be used to
dramatically reverse and quickly cure terminal tumors, infectious diseases,
arteriosclerosis, and suppressed immune systems. The same approach, if
redeveloped, could stop and totally wipe out the emerging major new pandemic of
hepatitis C, which nothing will touch at present and which will surpass AIDS
infections after the turn of the century. The approach could totally reverse
AIDS and eliminate all HIV infection, because it could simply time-reverse
HIV-infected cells back to normal cells, genetics and all. In other words, it
could readily and cheaply and quickly eliminate AIDS from the face of the earth.
Further, the disease could be eliminated whenever a patient tested positive for
HIV infection; there would be no need to wait for debilitation to set in. For
coverage in detail, see T. E. Bearden, "Vacuum Engines and Priore's Methodology:
The True Science of Energy-Medicine. Parts I and II." Explore!, 6(1), 1995, p. 66-76; 6(2),
1995, p. 50-62.
TIME-REVERSAL
ZONE
A region of space in which a
component of the overall time flow runs backwards, and hence the fundamental
mechanism generating the flow of a mass through time is
reversed.
Such zones are theorized as
temporarily occurring in cold fusion, particularly once the palladium lattice is
loaded with hydrogen or deuterium ions.
Such a temporary region in the electrolyte is an excited state, and the
other ions will move to nullify it and cause its decay. During its existence, ions in it
experience a reversal of the law of attraction and repulsion of charges. In the TRZ, like charges attract
and unlike charges repel. Thus
suddenly the low spatial energy transmutation of elements in cold fusion
experiments can be explained (they have been validated in some 600 successful
experiments, in various laboratories in various nations, by excellent
scientists). E.g., two H+ ions may
attract, and so closely that each enters the edge of the strong force region of
the other, forming a quasi-nucleus.
Then as the TRZ decays, the preferred energetic change is from inside
out. In other words, the gluon
forces have been partially nullified and the quarks in the nucleons are almost
freed. Hence the favored energetic
decay from the excited state of the TRZ is by quark flipping, where one H+ ion
in the quasi-nucleus changes into a neutron. The quasi-nucleus becomes a
quasi-nucleus of deuterium, and will tighten into deuterium as the TRZ induced
action vanishes. This is the way
the excess deuterium is formed in the cold fusion experiments. Two deuterium D+ ions may also form a
quasi-nucleus of (D+)(D+) particularly where the electrolyte is loaded with
deuterium to start with. In that
case, as the TRZ decays, the quasi-nucleus just tightens into a helium 4 nucleus
or alpha particle, accounting for the excess alpha particles formed. And so on.
The concept of the TRZ thus is
consistent with hundreds of successful experiments, and introduces a completely
new type of nuclear reactions to physics, at low spatial energy where
transmutations such as occur are not presently thought to be possible. We point out that these are extremely
high energy reactions when the time-energy interaction is considered, since time
has an energy density equal to mass.
Time-energy is some c2 times as dense as is spatial energy
used by particle physicists in their interactions. By transposing some of the time-energy
into spatial energy as the TRZ decays, the new "low energy nuclear reactions"
actually involve the necessary degree of "high energy" required for the
interactions.
TIME-REVERSED WAVE
A phase conjugate reflected wave,
which is a wave moving in reversed time.
Since the external observer "sees"
in forward time only, he sees the wave as traveling in the opposite direction as
its generatrix wave front is moving.
TOPOLOGICAL
Invariant under transformation by
continuous mappings,
...or related to the properties of
geometric shapes and figures that remain invariant under transformation by
continuous mappings.
TOPOLOGICAL
PROPERTY
Those
properties of a geometrical space that are unchanged by continuous distortion of
the space.
TOPOLOGY
Mathematics of the properties of
geometric configurations invariant under transformation by continuous
mappings.
In short, the mathematics of the
large-scale structure of curved spaces.
TOROIDAL
COIL
A coil of wire curved around into
toroidal form.
Contrast to the standard solenoidal
coil form.
TOROIDAL TRANSFORMER
A transformer comprised of
toroidal coils instead of solenoidal coils.
TRANSFORMATION MATRIX
A matrix (rectangular array of
algebraic or numerical quantities) for replacement of the variables in an
algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of
variables.
Used, e.g., in solving equations
involving Hamiltonians.
TRANSVERSE
Wave movement perpendicular to
the wave's primary direction of principal propagation, as in the movement of a
taut rope in a wavelike motion traveling down the rope.
(As opposed to
longitudinal).
TRANSVERSE EM WAVE IN THE
VACUUM
The completely erroneous notion
that EM disturbances in the vacuum are composed of transverse "string
waves."
Faraday, e.g., believed that the EM
field in the vacuum consisted of his "lines of force" as material taut
strings—erroneously without the necessary holders to put the tension forces on
the strings. He thought that when there was an EM disturbance, it was a
"plucking" or transverse vibration of these "taut strings." Maxwell also
believed in Faraday's material lines of force, and set out to capture them in
his electrodynamic theory. He did so by simply assuming the lines (tubes) of
force and their transverse "string wave" vibration. This is equivalent to
assuming that the electromagnetic vacuum itself is composed of material taut
strings, and that additional EM fields are just additional taut material
strings.
TRANSVERSE FIELD COMPONENT
The modeled component of the
electromagnetic field (as in a moving EM wave in vacuum) that is oriented at
right angles to the line of motion.
TRANSVERSE WAVE
A wave where the medium is
undergoing repetitive lateral translations, as a lateral wave in a taut
string.
The EM wave is vacuum is erroneously
modeled as a transverse "string wave," as a relic from Faraday's original belief
that EM fields existed in the (assumed) material ether as physical taut strings.
He thus believed that EM disturbances were the disturbances of "pluckings" of
these taut strings. Maxwell accepted Faraday's physical lines of force and
constructed his electrodynamics mode to specifically include the material ether,
the physical "taut strings" lines of force notion, and Faraday's "string waves"
as the electromagnetic vibrations in the ether. This discards half the energy,
half the phenomena, half the wave, and Newton's third law causative EM
mechanism.
TUNNELING
In quantum mechanics, a
phenomenon where a particle penetrates and crosses a small region where the
opposing potential is greater than the particle's available
energy.
The phenomenon is thought to be
impossible according to classical physics, but occurs nonetheless. Further, the speed of transit through
the "tunneling" separation can be superluminal. Tunneling of music between two
points has been measured to occur at more than four times the speed of
light.
A more extended type of tunneling is
the travel of longitudinal EM waves infolded inside the normal EM potentials,
fields, and waves. Indeed, this is
a more fundamental electrodynamics, and it can be shown that interferometry of
this "internal" electrodynamics creates the external electrodynamics by a form
of longitudinal EM wave interferometry.
E.g., see M.W. Evans, P.K. Anastasovski, T.E. Bearden et al., "On
Whittaker's Representation of the Electromagnetic Entity in Vacuo, Part V: The
Production of Transverse Fields and Energy by Scalar Interferometry," Journal of New Energy, 4(3), Special
Issue, Winter 1999, p. 76-78.
UNCONSCIOUS
MIND
To be
added.
UNIFIED FIELD THEORY
(ENGINEERABLE)
A unified theory of the four
forces of physics—the electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak forces
—that is not just an intellectual model but which is also engineerable on the
laboratory bench and in actual physical systems using higher symmetry O(3)
electrodynamics.
That's a mouth-filling phrase (yes,
we sometimes write awkward phrases unintentionally; it's amazing how reasonable
such things sound when you're laboring along at 3:00 a.m. and bleary-eyed as a
wet toadstool!)
UNIFIED FIELD THEORY OF MIND AND
MATTER
To be
added.
UNITARITY
Principle that all probabilities sum to
unity.
UNITARY QE
Fixed or unit charge q of the
electron.
This notion is held only because the
q is not decomposed into its component elements, but treated as if it were an
indivisible unit. That is in error! The mass of a fundamental particle at rest
is quantized, and the massless charge (self-potential) of the particle is
discretized as a function of the background potential (virtual particle flux
density) in which it is embedded or to which it is exposed. In our view the
definition of a charge q is q º mqfq. The electrical charge should be taken to be
the massless fq component. The
definition of charge qe of an electron is rigorously given by the
identity qe º mefe. The electrical charge of the electron should
be taken to be the massless fe
component.
If a charge (say, an electron) is
placed in an additional potential f1, then the total
massless charge of the electron (i.e., its virtual vacuum flux exchange with
mass me) is (fe+f1). As can be seen,
the massless charge of the electron (its virtual flux activity) has now changed.
The electron is then said to be
collecting and to have collected excess energy (which may be either positive
or negative, depending upon the sign of f1.). Further,
either fe or
f1 or both can be
internally and deterministically dimensioned (structured in
Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski fashion). When its massless charge (its own
potential fe) is so
dimensioned, then the dimensioned electron is said to contain or transport a vacuum
engine.
VACUUM ENGINE
Particle view: Deterministic
internal pattern or template deliberately created in the virtual flux of a
scalar potential.
It can also be created in, and
transported by, the two scalar potentials that comprise a static or dynamic
force field, or a moving EM wave in the vacuum. It can also be created in the
local vacuum, in which case it has a "charge-up" creation time and a "discharge
time," exhibiting a sort of "time constant" very much like a capacitor charging
and discharging. In the wave view, the vacuum engine is a deterministic internal
pattern or template deliberately created in the Stoney-Whittaker-Ziolkowski
internal biwaves and wave products comprising the scalar potential. Again, it
can be implanted in the vacuum or in an EM signal as a carrier. The self-energy
(scalar potential) portion of any electric charge or magnetic charge can also be
a "carrier" that is conditioned (dimensioned) with a vacuum potential.
The process or act of conditioning any of the carriers with vacuum engines is
called dimensioning that carrier.
Russian energetics refers to the vacuum engines of a dimensioned carrier as the
information content of the
field.
VACUUM FLUX EXCHANGE
The virtual particle interaction
between the active vacuum and a charged particle.
The charged particle is an asymmetry
in this flux exchange interaction, and extracts and gates some of the vacuum
energy as a Poynting S-flow. In
turn, this S-flow transports and creates in space the E field and the scalar potential f
associated with the charged particle. An electrically charged particle is thus a
little Poynting energy generator, a source of potential, and a source of E-field. It is a little electrical
dynamo, a little free energy generator. It is already an open system in
disequilibrium with its environment—the fierce vacuum flux. Its self-energy
(potential) and its "fields," plus its Poynting energy flow, are the result of
its asymmetry in the vacuum flux exchange.
VACUUM'S VIRTUAL PARTICLE
FLUX
In the particle viewpoint, the
quantum mechanical vacuum identically is a virtual particle
flux.
Present physics, however, is prone
to refer to the vacuum as (an implied emptiness) containing a virtual particle
flux. Energy, vacuum, spacetime, virtual particle flux, and dynamic geometry are
all synonyms.
VECTOR
In mathematics, an entity
completely characterized by a magnitude and a direction.
VECTOR POTENTIAL
In electrical engineering:
"Potential postulated in electromagnetic field theory."
Space differentiation (curl) of the vector potential yields the
field. Magnetic vector potential is due to electric currents, while electric
vector potential is assumed to be due to a flow of magnetic charges." [Chambers Science and Technology
Dictionary, Peter M. B. Walker (Ed.), Chambers Cambridge, 1988, p. 947.
Note that the foregoing is not yet a
definition, saying only that it is a postulated potential, then giving some
characteristics. Informally, in my view the vector potential is just sort of an
ordinary scalar potential, every point of which is in motion in something like a
swirling fashion. The magnetic vector potential A is most common. There doesn't seem to
really be a definition of A; the
equation B = Ñ´A is usually
(erroneously!) said to "define" the A. So we are left with the question
A º ????, since no equation is a definition of
anything.
Electrodynamicists have no
difficulty in calculating the direction and magnitude of A, and in using it, but so far as I can
find there is still no real definition. As an ad hoc definition I consider the
A-potential to be identically a
virtual photon flux of vacuum that is moving as an ensemble along the direction
of the A-vector. Inputs for a more
rigorous definition of the form A
º (x) would be
most welcome!
At any rate, the A is known to be quite real and an
independent "field" of nature, because when the curl operator is removed from
operating on A, the B-field is zeroed but the curl-free A-field can still remain and interfere
with the fields of charged particles and magnetic poles to cause real effects in
physical systems, including at a distance. This latter is known as the
Aharonov-Bohm effect.
VECTOR FIELD
In ordinary theory, the assigning
of a magnitude and a direction (that is, a vector) to each point in a region of
space.
The entire set of vectors and their
spatial points is called a vector field.
VECTOR ZERO
See discussion under zero
vector.
VIRTUAL ANTIPHOTONS
An antiphoton that spontaneously
appears and disappears, so swiftly that it cannot be individually
observed.
VIRTUAL PARTICLE
A fleeting quantum particle that
spontaneously appears and disappears, so swiftly that it cannot be individually
observed, so that it exists only temporarily.
The virtual particle does not
satisfy the usual relation between energy, momentum, and mass because it is
underneath the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The virtual particle can have any amount
of energy momentarily, so long as the product of its energy and the time
interval of its existence is less than the uncertainty principle's minimum
magnitude.
Nonetheless, the interactions of
large numbers of virtual particles with a mass or charge can combine to generate
real observable effects. In quantum field theory, all forces of nature are
caused by the interaction of the forced mass entity with virtual particles.
Interaction of a mass with virtual photons, e.g., is projected to cause all
mechanical and electromagnetic forces.
VIRTUAL PARTICLE FLUX
EXCHANGE
Interaction with or exchange of,
a flux of virtual particles.
Interaction of a mass with virtual
particles most often consists of the mass absorbing the virtual particles and
re-emitting them.
VIRTUAL PHOTON FLUX (VPF)
A flux of virtual
photons.
(Hey, how's that for a tautology!) First, see
definition and discussion under flux.
For electromagnetics, the vacuum can often be modeled as a flux of virtual
photons. One gets the virtual charges also, since the photon is considered to
also consist of a positron-electron pair. That is, the photon is continually
separating into a positron-electron pair, which then annihilate each other to
form additional photon(s), etc.
VIRTUAL PHOTON FLUX
EXCHANGE
The mutual exchange of virtual
photons, as between the vacuum and a charged mass, or between two colliding
masses.
The emitted photons from one mass
are absorbed in the other mass and re-radiated.
VIRTUAL PHOTON FLUX OF
VACUUM
The vacuum identically is a flux
of virtual particles.
For most electromagnetic cases, it
can just be modeled as identically a flux of virtual
photons.
VIRTUAL PHOTONS
Photons which spontaneously
appear and disappear in the vacuum so quickly that they cannot be individually
observed.
VIRTUAL POSITRONS
Positive electrons (positrons)
which spontaneously appear and disappear in the vacuum so quickly that they
cannot be individually observed.
WHITTAKER, E. T.
Well-known mathematical
physicist, who dramatically extended Stoney's earlier work of 1897-8 and
authored two papers in 1903 and 1904 giving the basic theory of scalar
electromagnetics (Russian energetics, not including the quantum potential
portion).
The 1903 paper is E.T. Whittaker,
“On the Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics,”
Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57,
1903, p. 333-355.
The 1904 paper is E.T. Whittaker,
“On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field Due to Electrons by
Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions,” Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., Series 2, Vol.
1, 1904, p. 367-372. The paper was
published in 1904 and orally delivered in 1903.
WHITTAKER'S DECOMPOSITION OF THE
SCALAR POTENTIAL
Decomposition of the scalar
potential into a harmonic set of bidirectional longitudinal EM phase conjugate
wavepairs.
In his paper “On the
Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics,” Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903,
p. 333-355, Whittaker showed
that the scalar EM potential can be decomposed into a harmonic series of
bidirectional EM wavepairs. In each pair, one wave is the phase conjugate of the
other, and exists in the time domain.
However, this phase conjugate wave has been considered as having been
detected by intercepting charge as a 3-space EM wave travelling in a reversed
direction. Hence from a detectable
viewpoint, the Whittaker decomposition yields bidirectional longitudinal EM
waves in 3-space, as has been pointed out by several electrodynamicists (e.g.,
Barrett).
However, the present author
considered the difference between the phase conjugate wave as it exists prior to
interaction with the assumed intercepting unit point charge, and the detected
3-space wave after the detecting charge is assumed. By applying the Whittaker decomposition
and also considering the nature of the EM wave in spacetime prior to interception by a unit point
charge, this led to the discovery of a new and more primary 4-symmetry in EM
energy flow, once 3-symmetry is broken, that exists automatically between the
time domain (complex plane) and 3-space.
Thus because a dipole (or a charge
treated as a set of composite dipoles) breaks 3-symmetry (as is well-known in
particle physics), the more general 4-symmetry results automatically when the
nature of the potential between the ends of the dipole(s) is considered. This yields the fundamental mechanism by
which EM energy is extracted from the vacuum (from the complex plane or the time
domain) and output in 3-space from a "source charge" or a "source dipole". In short, it yields the giant negentropy
mechanism when the unaccounted Heaviside energy flow component from a charge or
dipole is considered as well as the intercepted tiny Poynting energy flow
component. See T. E. Bearden,
"Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole", Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer
2000, p. 11-23; also on http://www. cheniere.org.
In his second paper,
“On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field Due to Electrons by
Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions,” Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., Series 2, Vol.
1, 1904, p. 367-372, Whittaker
showed that the interference of two such scalar potentials can and does create
all the field energy, patterns, and functions of classical electromagnetics.
Whittaker's second paper initiated
what today is loosely referred to as superpotential theory. For
an excellent overview discussion of superpotentials and related things, see
Melba Phillips, “Classical Electrodynamics,” in Principles of Electrodynamics and
Relativity, Vol. IV of Encyclopedia of Physics, edited by S. Flugge,
Springer-Verlag, 1962.
WORK
The changing of the form of
energy.
WORK,
EXTERNAL
The changing of the form of the
external energy of a body or system.
WORK,
INTERNAL
The changing of the form of the
internal energy of a body or system.
WORK-ENERGY
THEOREM
To be
added.
ZERO POINT ENERGY
The minimum energy of a system
due to its quantum fluctuations, resulting from its incessant virtual particle
activity. Quantum mechanically, no system of
interest (including even spacetime itself) can have zero
energy.
The zero-point energy of the vacuum
is the lowest energy vacuum state, with fluctuations taken into account. Even at
low energies, quantum fluctuations continually arise, and result in an
incessant, extremely rapid, and violent "jittering" of the energy momentarily
present. The minimum energy due to these quantum fluctuations is called the zero-point
energy.
ZERO VECTOR
(1) A vector having no length (no
magnitude) or specific direction.
(2) Absence of any or all finite
vectors.
(3) Resultant of a system of
multiple, finite vectors whose vector sum has no specific
direction.
Note that the second definition
differs drastically from the first. That is, we cannot say that a vector
resultant zero has no infolded magnitude, if we consider its components, all of
whom have magnitude. See the discussion under "zero." In vector analysis, the
zero vector axiom states that any vector v plus a zero vector is equal to a zero
vector plus v. Note that, being an axiom, this is not proven, but just assumed.
We very much disagree with that blanket axiom; it reduces vector analysis to a
highly special single case, where all zero vector systems are to be considered
equal, and totally "inactive." In the real world that need not be true at all.
There are an infinite number of different zero vector resultant systems, and so
zero vectors may differ, if their infolded component "substructure" is
considered. In the real world, things that are vectors very often have energy.
The energy is infolded and hidden, so that it represents not only a local
curvature of spacetime, but also a structured, deterministic set (a template) of curvatures of local
spacetime. Therefore this zero vector system is actually a vacuum engine. Any mass system placed in
such a potential, will be acted upon in its parts by that local vacuum engine.
Further, the zero vector resultant system is a "potential," since it does
contain "collected internal energy." This potential is obviously an artificial
potential, since it is deterministically structured
internally.
So between zero vector resultant
systems, the "infolded, hidden energies" differ dramatically
in
(i) total infolded and trapped
(collected) energy,
(ii) specific internal action
patterns (templates),
(iii) general relativistic effects,
and
(iv) type of vacuum engine.
Accordingly, the actions the zero-vector system induces in an exposed mass may
be designed in advanced. This is vacuum engineering. This is spacetime
engineering.
The problem is the vector algebra itself. In the abstract
algebra, a "vector space" is regarded as an inert thing, where the only actants
are the overall net nonzero vectors, and there is no interaction between an
overt vector and a covert set o f vectors. The vector space is not allowed to
have an internal realm, stress, hidden engines, or to interact with the vectors
representing the physical system. Consequently, for over a century
electrodynamicists—thinking primarily of translation—have routinely discarded
such "zero vector systems" as if they represented the total absence of any
finite vector. This they do, in the
unsuitable assumptions of the vector algebra. This they do not do, in the
real world.
The common practice in electrical
physics of replacing a zero-summed system of nonzero vectors with a vector zero
of "complete absence of vectors" is incomplete, and such did not exist in
Maxwell's original quaternion theory.
This present practice should be changed; it has reduced the topology of
electromagnetics far too much, and gutted the most important parts of the theory
insofar as an extended electromagnetics is concerned. The vector zero should be
replaced with a special organized vector zero system and a scalar potential. The
interactions of the "hidden" vectors should be incorporated. By failing to do
this, physics excludes the ability to engineer electrogravitation, spacetime,
the virtual state, local general relativity, free energy, effects at a distance,
and the probabilities of the states propagated by the Schrödinger equation. It
also excludes unification of all forces.
In the new view, a zero vector may
be a system of nonzero vectors that vectorially sum or multiply to zero for
translation purposes, but the components may still exist "inside" and
dynamically function inside the zero-resultant envelope. This substructure can
act on nonlinear or resonant systems. Any or all components may be time varying,
or none of them may be. The zero vector system may thus be a dynamic vacuum
engine. In addition, such a vector zero system is considered to be also a scalar
stress potential, whose magnitude is equal to the sum of the absolute values of
the perpendicular components. In addition, a separate type of stress potential
may be included for the magnitude of the absolute values of the swirl components
(torques). Other associated potentials may be included for the system,
particularly if the system is in multiple dimensions, if it consists of more
than one type of virtual particle flux, if several fluxes intercommute, etc.
Such a system can also be designed and created to deterministically interact
with and on the life force itself, the mind, thought, and personality, but that
is beyond the scope of this discussion.
ZERO-VECTOR-SUMMATION
SURFACE
A surface or assumed spatial
surface in which vectors under consideration interact to sum to a vector zero
resultant.
ZERO-VECTOR-SUMMATION
SYSTEMS
Zero summations of real, nonzero
vectors, so that the real vectors are still present but do not cause translation
of exposed mass or charges.
With respect to observing/detecting
process that depend upon charge translation, the vectors are said to be hidden
and infolded—i.e., with respect to detection by translation. See discussion
under zero
vector.
ZIOLKOWSKI,
RICHARD
To be
added.
