Yul BROWN
Neutralization of Radioactivity
Neutralization of Radioactivity
Brown's Gas : stoichometric H-H-O from electrolyzed water.
The late former New York Assemblyman Dan Haley ( and numerous others ) witnessed a demonstration of Brown's Gas vs radioactive material in which the emissions were reduced to 0.04% within a few minutes:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NWtX7IZYjM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqImZpjqIgM
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=411405755714495752
[ HERE ] ( FLV, 47 MB )
The process was demonstrated to Japanese scientists from Toshiba and Mitsui Corporations.
Apparently it has been forgotten by them, or they're too craven to speak up about it to the Yaskuza-Tepco punks @ Fukushima and the mealymouths in Japan's government, or to the vaunted over-educated alleged scientific community.
http://pacenet.homestead.com/Nucwaste.html
Clean
Energy Review
...We now proceed to the experimental results obtained by advanced transmutation which have direct bearing on the problem of disposal of nuclear waste fuel.
Interaction with ionic hydrogen and ionic oxygen
Brown's Gas has been developed by a Bulgarian-born Australian national, Prof. Yull Brown. In his process, water is separated into its two constituents, hydrogen and oxygen in a way that allows them to be mixed under pressure and burn simultaneously and safely in a 2:1 proportion.
The proprietary process results in a gas containing ionic hydrogen and oxygen in proper mixes which is generated economically and safely and which may be compressed up to 100 psi.
Brown's Gas is a "cornerstone of a technological edifice" with many commercial and industrial applications.
At this time, Brown's Gas generators are mass produced in the Bautou, a major research city in the People's Republic of China by the huge NORINCO factory which also manufacturers locomotives and ordinances -- and services the nation's nuclear industry complex. Most of these generators (producing up to 4,000 litres/hour/2.4 water at 0.45 MPa with power requirements ranging from 0.66 kW up to 13.2 kW) are marketed for their superior welding and brazing qualities, costing between $ 2,000 and $ 17,000. Some units have been used for the decontamination of radioactive materials since 1991. In general, Brown's Gas generators produce between 300 and 340 litres of Brown's Gas per 1 kW energy DC current approximately and one litre of water produces 1.866.6 approximately litres of gas. A generator which produces 10,000 litres per hour has been built specifically for the reduction of nuclear waste.
On August 24, 1991, Baotou's Nuclear Institute # 202 released a report, The results of experiments to dispose of radiation materials by Brown's Gas which establishes that experimentation on Cobalt 60 radiation source decreased radiation by about 50% or half-life of radiation -- but sometimes more radiation is decreased which needs investigation of possibilities for decreasing more of the radiation in single treatments of exposure to Brown's Gas flame, lasting only a few minutes, in the samples as described in the table below.
First Experiment Second Experiment
Source Intensity 580 millirads/hour 115 - 120 millirads/hour
After Treatment 220 - 240 millirads/hour 42 millirads/hour
De-radioactivation of Cobalt 60 by exposure to Brown's Gas flame for less than 10 minutes.
1991 experiments conducted by Baotou Nuclear Institute # 220, People's Republic of China.
In another test conducted by Yull Brown before a public audience including U.S. Congressman Hon. Berkeley Bedell with committee responsibilities in this area of concern, the experiment ran as follows as reported by the press:
Using a slice of radioactive Americium ... Brown melted it together on a brick with small chunks of steel and Aluminum ... After a couple of minutes under the flame, the molten metals sent up an instant flash in what Brown says is the reaction that destroys the radioactivity. Before the heating and mixing with the other metals, the Americium, made by the decay of an isotope of Plutonium, registered 16,000 curies per minute of radiation. Measured afterward by the [Geiger Counter], the mass of metals read less than 100 curies per minute, about the same as the background radiation in the laboratory where Brown was working.
This experiment indicated a reduction of radiation in the order of over 99% (to about 0.00625 of original level) -- in less than 5 minutes, with minimal handling. The improvement in the de-radioactivation process from about 50% to nearly 100% has come only with persistent research over the decades by Brown and his colleagues.
The Brown's Gas generating units that produced such effects are not expensive -- a far cry from the multi-million processes tabled by AECL. They are powered by low energy requirements and require only small volumes of water, at most a few liters per hour as fuel. Furthermore, the training required for operation is minimal.
The Hon. Bedell has reported, "it has been my good pleasure to witness experiments done by Prof. Yull Brown in which it appeared to me that he significantly reduced the radioactivity in several nuclear materials. Under the circumstances, I believe it is very important for our federal government to completely investigate Dr. Yull Brown's accomplishments in this area."
On August 6, 1992, almost a year after the Chinese nuclear report, Prof. Yull Brown made a special demonstration to a team of 5 San Francisco field office observers from the United States Department of Energy, at the request of the Hon. Berkeley Bedell. Cobalt 60 was treated and resulted in a drop of Geiger readings from 1,000 counts to 40 -- resulting in radioactive waste residue of about 0.04 of the original level. Apprehensive that somehow the radioactivity might have been dispersed into the ambient environment, the official requested the California Department of Health Services to inspect the premises. The health services crew found no radioactivity in the air resulting from this demonstration nor from another repeat demonstration held for their benefit.
This sequence of experiments was monitored by the Hon. Daniel Haley, the legislator who established the forerunner New York State Energy Research and Development Agency.
Other demonstrations, measured with under more sophisticated protocol and instrumentation have been made before Japanese nuclear experts, including four scientists from Toshiba and Mitsui (Cobalt 60 of 24,000 mR/hr with one treatment to 12,000 mR/hr). The Japanese scientists were so excited by what they saw that they immediately purchased a generator and air shipped it to Japan. They sent Prof. Brown a confidential report of some of their results. Subsequently, they tried to obtain addition Brown's Gas generators directly from the People's Republic of China.
Prof. Brown first successfully de-radioactivated radionuclides of Cobalt 60 in his laboratory in Sydney, Australia with first experimental results of about 50%. He believes the ratio should improve with further research and development -- which understandably by the very nature of the materials, can only be conducted under regulated conditions.