Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Patents
US Patents
USPA 2007217981
PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
UTILIZING EFFLUENT STREAMS
Abstract --- Disclosed are processes and systems for
sequestering carbon dioxide from a flue gas effluent from a
parent process such as a coal-fired electric power plant. In one
non-limiting embodiment of the invention, a mineral having a
metal is dissolved with an acid to provide a solution having a
predetermined pH. Carbon dioxide from the flue gas effluent and
a base are added to the solution to provide a metal carbonate
reaction to precipitate a metal carbonate, e.g., magnesium
carbonate, from the solution. Heat, which may be supplied by the
flue gas effluent, is used to power a base management system for
recovering used base form the process.
USPA 2007051615
METHOD OF CONVERTING GREEN HOUSE GASES FROM FOSSIL FUELS INTO
NON-TOXIC BASE ELEMENTS
Abstract --- A process which includes the steps of first
collecting the green house gases, such as CO2, SO2, Nox, CO,
emitted from a furnace where fossil fuels are burned; flowing
the gases to a sequestration unit where the gases are cleaned
and scrubbed; moving the scrubbed gases to a compressor for
reducing the volume of the gases; introducing the gases into a
plasma arc for ionizing the gases to charged components;
providing a source of free electrons; capturing the free
electrons in a dense free electron zone; introducing the charged
components from the plasma arc into the dense free electron zone
for rendering the ions into elemental fragments of carbon,
oxygen gas, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and other elemental
components; collecting the elemental fragments of carbon and
other elements; routing the oxygen gas to the furnace to provide
oxygen to burn additional fossil fuels.
USPA 2007081924
Scrubbing "ionized" rainstorm tunnel (S.I.R.T)
Abstract --- Method and apparatus for Scrubbing exhaust
streams to approach Zero Emissions with utility in Coal Fired
Electricity Generation. The Scrubbing "Ionized" Rainstorm Tunnel
(S.I.R.T.) a.k.a. Natural State Hydrologic Cycle Emulator
comprises a tunnel that sprays exhaust streams with "ionized"
water, cost effectively scrubbing toxic constituents mimicking
the atmospheric and hydrologic cycle. Various tunnel
configurations greatly increase dwell times beyond that of other
methods to any chosen scrubbing agent allowing for more complete
absorption of all toxic emissions i.e. sulfates, nitrates, heavy
metals and volatile organic compounds produced by combustion of
coal or other dirty fuels. The design incorporates advantageous
removal points for further micro and nano effluent treatment and
simplified sequestration of Carbon Dioxide if desired. A Nozzle
Automated Positioning and Retrieval System (NAPRS) allows for
continuous operation of boilers or other processes as failed
spray nozzle heads can be serviced outside the tunnel without
down time.
USPA 2007144747
COAL BED PRETREATMENT FOR ENHANCED CARBON DIOXIDE
SEQUESTRATION
Abstract --- A method is claimed for enabling storage of
greater volumes of carbon dioxide for sequestration while
simultaneously enhancing methane recovery from the coal bed. The
process is implemented by injecting hydrogen into a coal bed,
such as a depleted underground coal deposit, at a temperature
below about 800 degrees Centigrade ( 10 ); extracting the
hydrogen together with methane from the deposit ( 20 );
separating the hydrogen from the methane ( 30 ); delivering the
methane as a product of the process ( 40 ); reinjecting the
separated hydrogen into the deposit to continue the process
until sequestration of carbon dioxide is desired ( 50 );
optionally producing hydrogen from methane ( 60 ) and optionally
injecting carbon dioxide for sequestration.
USPA 2007261947
Process for Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide by Mineral
Carbonation
Abstract --- The invention provides a process for
sequestration of carbon dioxide by mineral carbonation
comprising the following steps: (a) converting a magnesium or
calcium sheet silicate hydroxide into a magnesium or calcium
ortho- or chain silicate by bringing the silicate hydroxide in
direct or indirect heat-exchange contact with hot synthesis gas
to obtain the silicate, silica, water and cooled synthesis gas;
(b) contacting the silicate obtained in step (a) with carbon
dioxide to convert the silicate into magnesium or calcium
carbonate and silica.
USPA 2007253886
Carbon sequestration and dry reforming process and catalysts
to produce same
Abstract --- A carbon sequestration and dry reforming
process for the production of synthesis gas and sequestered
carbon from carbon dioxide. Two-dimension (non-porous) catalysts
for sequestering carbon are also disclosed and a process to
produce same as well as a method for activating two dimension
catalysts.
USPA 2005180910
Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth
metal-bearing minerals
Abstract --- A method for mineral sequestration of
pollutant gases resulting from the combustion of carbon-based
fuels such as carbon and sulfur dioxides is provided and
includes, providing a particulate magnesium-containing mineral
and exposing the magnesium-containing mineral to a weak acid to
dissolve magnesium from the mineral and form a
magnesium-containing solution. The surface of the particulate
magnesium-containing mineral is physically activated to expose
and dissolve additional magnesium into the solution. Pollutant
gases such as carbon dioxide are mixed with the
magnesium-containing solution. When the pH of the
magnesium-containing solution is increased, solid magnesium
carbonate is formed.
USPA 2005169825
Method of collecting carbon dioxide contained in fumes
Abstract --- The fumes flowing in through line 1 are
contacted in column C 1 with a solvent, at low vapour pressure,
absorbing the carbon dioxide. The solvent laden with carbon
dioxide is regenerated by distillation in column C 2. In order
to improve the regeneration operation, a gas is injected through
line 11 into column C 2 so that this gas carries along the
carbon dioxide contained in the solvent. The carbon dioxide-rich
gaseous effluent obtained at the top of column C 2 can be
liquefied by compression and cooling, then stored in surge tank
R, which allows its transportation and possibly underground
sequestration.
US2005180910
Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth
metal-bearing minerals
Abstract --- A method for mineral sequestration of
pollutant gases resulting from the combustion of carbon-based
fuels such as carbon and sulfur dioxides is provided and
includes, providing a particulate magnesium-containing mineral
and exposing the magnesium-containing mineral to a weak acid to
dissolve magnesium from the mineral and form a
magnesium-containing solution. The surface of the particulate
magnesium-containing mineral is physically activated to expose
and dissolve additional magnesium into the solution. Pollutant
gases such as carbon dioxide are mixed with the
magnesium-containing solution. When the pH of the
magnesium-containing solution is increased, solid magnesium
carbonate is formed.
USPA 2004200393
Production of hydrogen and removal and sequestration of
carbon dioxide from coal-fired furnaces and boilers
Abstract --- Methods for reducing and eliminating carbon
dioxide from the emissions of solid fuel fired power plants,
particularly coal fired power plants, and to sequester the
carbon dioxide, typically by using existing equipment. In some
embodiments, the methods involve pyrolyzing the solid fuel to
remove volatile matter and using the volatile matter to produce
hydrogen. Additionally, the methods may involve burning the
solid fuel or pyrolized solid fuel at very fuel rich
stoichiometric conditions. Sequestration may include the
production of a carbon dioxide-containing solution and the
pumping of the solution into the ground, particularly in areas
high in limestone.
USP 7043920
Hydrocarbon combustion power generation system with CO2
sequestration
Abstract --- A low or no pollution engine is provided
for delivering power for vehicles or other power applications.
The engine has an air inlet which collects air from a
surrounding environment. At least a portion of the nitrogen in
the air is removed. The remaining gas is primarily oxygen, which
is then routed to a gas generator. The gas generator has inputs
for the oxygen and a hydrocarbon fuel. The fuel and oxygen are
combusted within the gas generator, forming water and carbon
dioxide. The combustion products are then expanded through a
power generating device, such as a turbine or piston expander to
deliver output power for operation of a vehicle or other power
uses. The combustion products are then passed through a
condenser where the steam is condensed and the carbon dioxide is
collected or discharged. A portion of the water is routed back
to the gas generator. The carbon dioxide is compressed and
delivered to a terrestrial formation from which return of the
CO2 into the atmosphere is inhibited.
USPA 2004161364
Carbon sequestration in aqueous environments
Abstract --- The present invention relates to the use of
a substance, such as an aquatic herbicide, to facilitate the
sequestration carbon dioxide by removing a portion of a plant
biomass from a body of water.
USP 6945029
Low pollution power generation system with ion transfer
membrane air separation
Abstract --- A low or no pollution power generation
system is provided. The system has an air separator to collect
oxygen. A gas generator is provided with inputs for the oxygen
and a hydrocarbon fuel. The fuel and oxygen are combusted within
the gas generator, forming water and carbon dioxide. Water or
other diluents are also delivered into the gas generator to
control temperature of the combustion products. The combustion
products are then expanded through at least one turbine or other
expander to deliver output power. The combustion products are
then passed through a separator where the steam is condensed. A
portion of the water is discharged and the remainder is routed
back to the gas generator as diluent. The carbon dioxide can be
conditioned for sequestration. The system can be optimized by
adding multiple expanders, reheaters and water diluent
preheaters, and by preheating air for an ion transfer membrane
oxygen separation.
USP 6667022
Process for separating synthesis gas into fuel cell quality
hydrogen and sequestration ready carbon dioxide
Abstract --- A method and apparatus for separating gas
mixtures containing synthesis gas (syngas) into separate streams
of wet hydrogen containing significantly reduced amounts of CO2
and CO, with the CO2 being "sequestration ready" and containing
less than 1% fixed gases. In the preferred embodiment, a mixture
of limestone and iron oxide circulates between two fluidized
beds whereby one bed is fluidized with a gas containing syngas,
while the other bed is fluidized with a gas containing steam and
oxygen. As the fluidizing gas containing syngas passes through
the bed, the CO2 reacts with CaO to form CaCO3. Virtually all of
the CO is removed by a water gas shift reaction, forming
hydrogen and CO2, with the remainder being removed by reaction
with the iron oxide, reducing Fe2O3 to FeO. Some hydrogen is
also removed by reaction with the iron oxide, reducing Fe2O3 to
FeO, while the remainder of the hydrogen passes through the
fluid beds, leaving in a purified state, i.e., PEM fuel cell
quality.
USP 6976362
Integrated fischer-tropsch and power production plant with
low CO2 emissions
Abstract --- A plant for producing Fischer-Tropsch
liquids and electrical power with greatly reduced emissions of
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is made up of a syngas
generator unit, an air separation unit, a Fischer-Tropsch unit,
a CO2 removal unit, and a combined cycle electricity generation
unit. Each of Fischer-Tropsch liquids, carbon dioxide, and
electrical power can be recoverable under proper economic
conditions. Electrical power is recoverable by the use of a gas
turbine fueled by predominantly hydrogen and a steam turbine
powered by steam generated by cooling exhaust gases from the gas
turbine. Sequestration of CO2 and fueling the gas turbine with
hydrogen reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the
atmosphere.
USP 7132090
Sequestration of carbon dioxide
Abstract --- A process for selectively removing carbon
dioxide from a gaseous stream by converting the carbon dioxide
to a solid, stable form is provided. In a sequestration process,
carbon dioxide enriched air is passed through a gas diffusion
membrane to transfer the carbon dioxide to a fluid medium. The
carbon dioxide rich fluid is then passed through a matrix
containing a catalyst specific for carbon dioxide, which
accelerates the conversion of the carbon dioxide to carbonic
acid. In the final step, a mineral ion is added to the reaction
so that a precipitate of carbonate salt is formed. This solid
mineral precipitate can be safely stored for extended periods of
time, such as by burying the precipitate in the ground or
depositing the precipitate into storage sites either on land or
into a body of water. An apparatus for removing carbon dioxide
from a gaseous stream is also provided.
USP 6598398
Hydrocarbon combustion power generation system with CO2
sequestration
Abstract --- A low or no pollution engine is provided
for delivering power for vehicles or other power applications.
The engine has an air inlet which collects air from a
surrounding environment. At least a portion of the nitrogen in
the air is removed using a technique such as liquefaction,
pressure swing adsorption or membrane based air separation. The
remaining gas is primarily oxygen, which is then compressed and
routed to a gas generator. The gas generator has an igniter and
inputs for the high pressure oxygen and a high pressure
hydrogen-containing fuel, such as hydrogen, methane or a light
alcohol. The fuel and oxygen are combusted within the gas
generator, forming water and carbon dioxide with carbon
containing fuels. Water is also delivered into the gas generator
to control the temperature of the combustion products. The
combustion products are then expanded through a power generating
device, such as a turbine or piston expander to deliver output
power for operation of a vehicle or other power uses. The
combustion products, steam and, with carbon containing fuels,
carbon dioxide, are then passed through a condenser where the
steam is condensed and the carbon dioxide is collected or
discharged. A portion of the water is collected for further
processing and use and the remainder is routed back to the gas
generator. The carbon dioxide is compressed and cooled so that
it is in a liquid phase or super critical state. The dense phase
carbon dioxide is then further pressurized to a pressure
matching a pressure, less hydrostatic head, existing deep within
a porous geological formation, a deep aquifer, a deep ocean
location or other terrestrial formation from which return of the
CO2 into the atmosphere is inhibited.
USP 6667171
Enhanced practical photosynthetic CO2 mitigation
Abstract --- This process is unique in photosynthetic
carbon sequestration. An on-site biological sequestration system
directly decreases the concentration of carbon-containing
compounds in the emissions of fossil generation units. In this
process, photosynthetic microbes are attached to a growth
surface arranged in a containment chamber that is lit by solar
photons. A harvesting system ensures maximum organism growth and
rate of CO2 uptake. Soluble carbon and nitrogen concentrations
delivered to the cyanobacteria are enhanced, further increasing
growth rate and carbon utilization.
USP 6763886
In situ thermal processing of a coal formation with carbon
dioxide sequestration
Abstract --- A coal formation may be treated using an in
situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation
fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied
to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the
formation to a pyrolysis temperature. The portion may be allowed
or forced to cool after mixture production is ended. Carbon
dioxide may be stored within the portion.
USP 6736215
In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containig
formation, in situ production of synthesis gas, and carbon
dioxide sequestration
Abstract --- A hydrocarbon containing formation may be
treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2,
and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the
formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a
temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis
temperature. Pyrolysis products may be produced from the
formation. After pyrolysis, the temperature of the portion may
be raised to a synthesis gas production temperature. A synthesis
gas producing fluid may be introduced into the formation to
generate synthesis gas. After synthesis gas production, the
portion may be cooled and used to store carbon dioxide or other
fluids.
USP 6871707
In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing
formation with carbon dioxide sequestration
Abstract --- A hydrocarbon containing formation may be
treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2,
and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the
formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a
temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis
temperature. The portion may be allowed or forced to cool after
mixture production is ended. Carbon dioxide may be stored within
the portion.
US2001015061
Hydrocarbon combustion power generation system with CO2
sequestration
Abstract --- A low or no pollution engine is provided
for delivering power for vehicles or other power applications.
The engine has an air inlet which collects air from a
surrounding environment. At least a portion of the nitrogen in
the air is removed using a technique such as liquefaction,
pressure swing adsorption or membrane based air separation. The
remaining gas is primarily oxygen, which is then compressed and
routed to a gas generator. The gas generator has an igniter and
inputs for the high pressure oxygen and a high pressure
hydrogen-containing fuel, such as hydrogen, methane or a light
alcohol. The fuel and oxygen are combusted within the gas
generator, forming water and carbon dioxide with carbon
containing fuels. Water is also delivered into the gas generator
to control the temperature of the combustion products. The
combustion products are then expanded through a power generating
device, such as a turbine or piston expander to deliver output
power for operation of a vehicle or other power uses. The
combustion products, steam and, with carbon containing fuels,
carbon dioxide, are then passed through a condenser where the
steam is condensed and the carbon dioxide is collected or
discharged. A portion of the water is collected for further
processing and use and the remainder is routed back to the gas
generator. The carbon dioxide is compressed and cooled so that
it is in a liquid phase or super critical state. The dense phase
carbon dioxide is then further pressurized to a pressure
matching a pressure, less hydrostatic head, existing deep within
a porous geological formation, a deep aquifer, a deep ocean
location or other terrestrial formation from which return of the
CO2 into the atmosphere is inhibited.
USP 6648949
System for small particle and CO2 removal from flue gas using
an improved chimney or stack
Abstract --- A novel stack application for improved
carbon dioxide and particle removal/collection from flue gases
produced during coal power-generation processes. Flue gas
tangential inlet velocity is increased to subject upward-flowing
flue gas in a stack to a centrifugal force, thereby propelling
entrained solid particles and CO2 in the flue gas to the stack
wall for collection. Collection efficiency is further improved
by a cascading water film or algae-laden water film on the
inside of the stack wall and on surfaces of an optional
internally mounted vortex generator to eliminate the
re-entrainment of small particles and for ease of transporting
the captured particles in a slurry. The stack can also be
utilized as a photochemical or a biological reactor to promote a
photosynthesis reaction between carbon dioxide and algae-laden
water to form carbohydrate substrates for carbon dioxide
sequestration and utilization.
USP 6447437
Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions
Abstract --- Industrial combustion facilities are
integrated with greenhouse gas-solidifying fertilizer production
reactions so that CO2, CO, NOx, and SOx emissions can be
converted prior to emission into carbonate-containing
fertilizers, mainly NH4HCO3 and/or (NH2)2CO, plus a small
fraction of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. The invention enhances
sequestration of CO2 into soil and the earth subsurface, reduces
N03- contamination of surface and groundwater, and stimulates
photosynthetic fixation of CO2 from the atmosphere. The method
for converting CO2, CO, NOx, and SOx emissions into fertilizers
includes the step of collecting these materials from the
emissions of industrial combustion facilities such as fossil
fuel-powered energy sources and transporting the emissions to a
reactor. In the reactor, the CO2, CO, N2, SOx, and/or NOx are
converted into carbonate-containing fertilizers using H2, CH4,
or NH3. The carbonate-containing fertilizers are then applied to
soil and green plants to (1) sequester inorganic carbon into
soil and subsoil earth layers by enhanced carbonation of
groundwater and the earth minerals, (2) reduce the environmental
problem of NO3-runoff by substituting for ammonium nitrate
fertilizer, and (3) stimulate photosynthetic fixation of CO2
from the atmosphere by the fertilization effect of the
carbonate-containing fertilizers.
USP 6115672
Method for measuring and quantifying amounts of carbon from
certain greenhouse gases sequestered in and by grassy and
herbaceous plants
Abstract --- Carbon sequestration of greenhouse gases
(CO2 and CH4) is effected through enhancement of plant growth
using defoliation techniques with and without grazing animals.
Processes and devices for measurement of the verifiable quantity
of carbon sequestered are disclosed.
USP 6148602
Solid-fueled power generation system with carbon dioxide
sequestration and method therefor
Abstract --- A method of generating power with
sequestration of carbon-dioxide emission includes compressing
ambient air, separating substantially pure oxygen from the
ambient air and then further compressing the substantially pure
oxygen separated from the ambient air. After the oxygen has been
further compressed, the oxygen is divided into a first oxygen
stream and a second oxygen stream. The method includes
introducing the first oxygen stream and a solid fuel, such as
coal, into a solid-fuel gasifier for converting the first oxygen
stream and the solid fuel into a combustible gas and combusting
the gas in the presence of the second oxygen stream, the
combusting step including the step of introducing water into the
combustor during the combusting step for generating an exhaust
stream of carbon dioxide and steam. The exhaust stream of carbon
dioxide and steam is then passed through a turbine for driving
the turbine and generating power. The exhaust stream is then
cooled for producing carbon dioxide gas and water so that the
carbon dioxide gas may be separated from the water and
collected. Introducing water into the combustor during the
combusting step increases the mass flow and the volume flow of
the exhaust stream passing through the turbine, thereby
elevating the amount of power generated by the turbine.
USP 6190301
Embedding of solid carbon dioxide in sea floor sediment
Abstract --- The invention relates to a process and
vehicle for the disposal of carbon dioxide. Gaseous carbon
dioxide is solidified and allowed to free fall through open
water where i at least partially embeds itself in sedimentary
formations. Sedimentation ensures that the marine environment is
an overall carbon sink through carbonate sequestration.
USP 6170264
HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION POWER GENERATION SYSTEM WITH CO2
SEQUESTRATION
Abstract --- A low or no pollution engine (20) is
provided which collects air from a surrounding environment.
After removing a portion of the nitrogen, the remaining gas is
primarily oxygen, which is routed to a gas generator (70). The
gas generator has an igniter and inputs for the high pressure
oxygen and a high pressure hydrogen-containing fuel, such as
hydrogen, methane or a light alcohol. The fuel and oxygen are
combusted within the gas generator, forming water and carbon
dioxide with carbon containing fuels. The combustion products
are then expanded through a power generating device (48). The
combustion products are then passed through a condenser (80),
and then is routed back to the gas generator. The carbon dioxide
is compressed and cooled so that it is in a liquid phase or
super critical state. The dense phase carbon dioxide is then
further processed from which return of the CO2 into the
atmosphere is inhibited.
USPA 2007028848
Method of sequestering carbon dioxide in aqueous environments
Abstract --- The present invention provides a method of
sequestering carbon dioxide in aqueous environments. In a first
step, an area is assessed to determine whether the area is
capable of supporting the addition of organisms of higher
trophic level (OHTL). Next, OHTL are added to the area in order
to produce enough rapidly sinking and refractory particulate
matter (PM) to sequester carbon dioxide above the level of
carbon dioxide sequestration that exists before the addition of
OHTL. Preferably, the PM produced by the OHTL sinks at rates
significantly greater than and/or is significantly less
biodegradable than that produced by other components of the
biological carbon pump. Finally, this increase in the level of
carbon dioxide sequestration is quantified. The method of the
present invention may also include the step of reporting the
quantified increase in the level of carbon dioxide
sequestration.
[ Document not available]
USPA 2002035307
In situ thermal processing of a coal formation, in situ
production of synthesis gas, and carbon dioxide sequestration
Abstract --- A coal formation may be treating using an
in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other
formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be
applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of
the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis products may
be produced from the formation. After pyrolysis, the temperature
of the portion may be raised to a synthesis gas production
temperature. A synthesis gas producing fluid may be introduced
into the formation to generate synthesis gas. After synthesis
gas production, the portion may be cooled and used to store
carbon dioxide or other fluids.
[ Document not available ]
WORLD ORGANIZATION
WO 2005108297
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND MITIGATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
EMISSIONS
Abstract --- The present invention describes methods and
systems for extracting, capturing, reducing, storing,
sequestering, or disposing of carbon dioxide (CO2), particularly
from the air. The CO2 extraction methods and systems involve the
use of chemical processes, mineral sequestration, and solid and
liquid sorbents. Methods are also described for extracting
and/or capturing CO2 via condensation on solid surfaces at low
temperature.
WO 0198313
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION BY COBALT (II) COMPLEXES
Abstract --- This invention relates to novel cobalt (II)
complexes, to a method for preparation of the complexes, to a
process for use of the complexes in the sequestration of carbon
dioxide from gas streams and to a process for use of the
complexes in the production of useful products from carbon
dioxide.
WO 2007106372
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Abstract --- The disclosure provides methods and systems
for sequestering and/or reducing carbon dioxide present in an
industrial effluent fluid stream containing carbon dioxide. A
scrubbing material comprising a first component, a second
component (distinct from the first component), and preferably
water, is contacted with the effluent fluid stream. The first
component comprises a source of calcium oxide and a source of
alkali metal ions. The second component comprises a slag having
one or more reactive silicate compounds. Methods of reducing
carbon dioxide from exhaust generated by combustion sources,
lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the
like are provided. Carbon dioxide emission abatement systems are
also disclosed. Methods of recycling industrial byproducts are
further provided.
WO 2007077139
PROCESS FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AND A PROCESS FOR THE
SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Abstract --- A process for the sequestration of carbon
dioxide, the process comprising injecting a carbon dioxide
containing stream into a reservoir, wherein the carbon dioxide
containing stream has been obtained from a gaseous mixture by
cryogenic separation. A further aspect of the invention
discloses a process for enhanced oil recovery, the process
comprising injecting a gaseous mixture comprising carbon dioxide
into a subsurface reservoir to enhance the recovery of
hydrocarbons from the reservoir, wherein the carbon dioxide
content in the gaseous mixture has been enriched by cryogenic
separation. Typically a carbon dioxide depleted stream is also
produced and used as a fuel gas, particularly for a gas to
liquids plant.
WO 2007106883
PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
UTILIZING EFFLUENT STREAMS
Abstract --- Disclosed are processes and systems for
sequestering carbon dioxide from a flue gas effluent from a
parent process such as a coal-fired electric power plant. In one
non-limiting embodiment of the invention, a mineral having a
metal is dissolved with an acid to provide a solution having a
predetermined pH. Carbon dioxide from the flue gas effluent and
a base are added to the solution to provide a metal carbonate
reaction to precipitate a metal carbonate, e.g., magnesium
carbonate, from the solution. Heat, which may be supplied by the
flue gas effluent, is used to power a base management system for
recovering used base form the process.
WO2007071633
PROCESS FOR SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Abstract --- A process for sequestration of carbon dioxide
comprising the following steps: (a) dispersing solid waste
material comprising calcium oxide and a calcium-comprising mixed
oxide in water to dissolve at least part of the calcium oxide
and to form calcium oxide-depleted solid waste material in a
calcium hydroxide solution; (b) separating the calcium hydroxide
solution from the calcium oxide-depleted solid waste material;
(c) converting the calcium hydroxide in the separated calcium
hydroxide solution in precipitated calcium carbonate; and (d)
contacting an aqueous slurry of the calcium oxide- depleted
solid waste material with carbon dioxide for mineral carbonation
of the carbon dioxide to form carbonated solid waste material.
WO2007077137
PROCESS FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AND A PROCESS FOR THE
SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Abstract --- The process comprises the step of injecting
a gaseous mixture comprising carbon dioxide into a subsurface
reservoir to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons from the
reservoir, wherein the carbon dioxide content in the gaseous
mixture has been enriched by a process of solvent absorption. A
carbon dioxide depleted stream is also produced and used as a
fuel gas for a gas to liquids plant. In preferred embodiments
the solvent absorption process comprises a series of flash
columns which progressively release carbon dioxide . Much of the
carbon dioxide can therefore be recovered at increased pressures
thus reducing the amount of compression required before the
carbon dioxide is injected into the subsurface reservoir.
WO2007003013
PREPARATION AND USE OF CATIONIC HALIDES, SEQUESTRATION OF
CARBON DIOXIDE
Abstract --- A process is described for sequestering
carbon dioxide. In the process, a carbonate, oxide or hydroxide
of a divalent cation is reacted with the carbon dioxide and
water and/or with a species resulting from the dissolution of
the carbon dioxide in water, to form a hydrogen carbonate of the
divalent cation. The carbonate, oxide or hydroxide of the
divalent cation has a low solubility in water. The divalent
cation of the hydrogen carbonate of the divalent cation thus
formed is exchanged for a monovalent cation using an ion
exchange medium, to produce a solution of a hydrogen carbonate
of the monovalent cation.
WO2007015689
INTEGRATED HIGH EFFICIENCY FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLAN/FUEL CELL
SYSTEM WITH CO2 EMISSIONS ABATEMENT
Abstract --- An integrated power production system
including a fossil fuel power plant for processing fossil based
fuel such as coal or natural gas arranged in tandem with a
carbonate fuel cell having an anode and a cathode section. The
flue gas of the power plant serves exclusively as the inlet gas
for the cathode section of the fuel cell. Anode exhaust gas
leaving the anode section of the fuel cell is subjected to
processing including sequestration of the carbon dioxide in the
exhaust gas.
WO03103805
WIND LENSES FOR CAPTURING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE...
Abstract --- A wind lens is used to concentrate the
atmosphere to allow the absorption of carbon dioxide in cold
liquids such as alcohols. Carbon dioxide is stripped from the
absorbing liquid by heating. Separated carbon dioxide is then
collected and pumped into a cold water chamber within a stable
glacier below 500 metres. Stable carbon dioxide clatherates are
formed and the carbon dioxide is safely stored without
significant environmental effects.
WO0175277
SOLID-FUELED POWER GENERATION SYSTEM WITH CARBON DIOXIDE
SEQUESTRATION
Abstract --- A method of generating power with
sequestration of carbon-dioxide includes compressing ambient
air, separating substantially pure oxygen from the air and then
further compressing the oxygen. After compression the oxygen is
divided into a first oxygen stream and a second oxygen stream.
The first oxygen stream and a solid fuel, such as coal, are
introduced into a solid-fuel gasifier for creating a combustible
gas. The gas is combusted in the presence of the second oxygen
stream, water is introduced into the combuster during the
combustion for generating an exhaust stream of carbon dioxide
and steam. The exhaust gas is then past through a turbine for
driving the turbine and generating power. The exhaust gas is
then so that the carbon dioxide gas may be separated from the
water and collected. Introducing water into the combuster during
the combustion increases the mass and the volume flow of the
exhaust stream passing through the turbine, thereby elevating
the amount of power generated by the turbine.
WO2007106372
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Abstract --- The disclosure provides methods and systems
for sequestering and/or reducing carbon dioxide present in an
industrial effluent fluid stream containing carbon dioxide. A
scrubbing material comprising a first component, a second
component (distinct from the first component), and preferably
water, is contacted with the effluent fluid stream. The first
component comprises a source of calcium oxide and a source of
alkali metal ions. The second component comprises a slag having
one or more reactive silicate compounds. Methods of reducing
carbon dioxide from exhaust generated by combustion sources,
lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the
like are provided. Carbon dioxide emission abatement systems are
also disclosed. Methods of recycling industrial byproducts are
further provided.
WO2007077138
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PROCESS AND A PROCESS FOR THE
SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Abstract ---A process for the sequestration of carbon
dioxide, the process comprising injecting a carbon dioxide
containing stream into a subsurface formation, wherein the
carbon dioxide containing stream has been obtained from a
gaseous mixture by utilising a first membrane to separate
hydrogen within the gaseous mixture, and then utilising a second
membrane to separate carbon dioxide within the gaseous mixture.
A further aspect of the invention discloses a process for
enhanced oil recovery, the process comprising injecting a
gaseous mixture comprising carbon dioxide into a subsurface
reservoir to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons from the
reservoir, wherein the carbon dioxide content in the gaseous
mixture has been enriched by utilising a first membrane to
separate hydrogen within the gaseous mixture, and then utilising
a second membrane to separate carbon dioxide within the gaseous
mixture. Typically a carbon dioxide depleted stream is also
produced and used as a feed gas or a fuel gas for a gas to
liquids plant.
CANADA
CA2122200
SEQUESTRATION OF TOXIC, HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC MATERIALS IN
SEDIMENT
CA2541681
METHOD OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
CA2507946
SECONDARY HIGH TEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE REFORMATION
SYSTEM,,,
CA2537383
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION IN FOAMED CONTROLLED LOW
STRENGTH MATERIALS
CA2523135
CARBONATION OF METAL SILICATES FOR LONG-TERM CO2
SEQUESTRATION
CA2503655
CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND DRY REFORMING PROCESS AND
CATALYSTSTO PRODUCE SAME
CA2531181
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STANDARDIZED CARBON
EMISSION REDUCTION CREDITS
EUROPE / ASIA
FR2872566
Oxy-combustion process for the production of energy from a
fossil fuel with subsequent sequestration of carbon dioxide
produced
KR20030011693
PROCESS FOR CONVERTING COAL INTO FUEL CELL QUALITY HYDROGEN
AND SEQUESTRATION-READY CARBON DIOXIDE
MXPA06008537
METHOD OF CONVERTING GREEN HOUSE GASES FROM FOSSIL FUELS INTO
NON-TOXIC BASE ELEMENTS
EP1801346
Process for carbon dioxide sequestration by injection in coal
seams
EP1350766
Desalination... and concomitant carbon dioxide capture
yielding liquid carbon dioxide
CN1898010
Method for carbon sequestration in the form of a mineral in
which carbon has a +3 degree of oxydation
CN1884140
Photoayhthetic carbon-sequestration ecological
denitrogenation process
AU2003235033
Land management for carbon sequestration
JP62081478
SEQUESTRANT AND METHOD OF SEQUESTRATION
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080519092205.htm
Simple, Low-cost Carbon Filter Removes 90 Percent Of Carbon Dioxide From Smokestack Gases
ScienceDaily (May 20, 2008) — Researchers in Wyoming report development of a low-cost carbon filter that can remove 90 percent of carbon dioxide gas from the smokestacks of electric power plants that burn coal and other fossil fuels.
Maciej Radosz and colleagues at Wyoming's Soft Materials Laboratory cite the pressing need for simple, inexpensive new technologies to remove carbon dioxide from smokestack gases. Coal-burning electric power plants are major sources of the greenhouse gas, and control measures may be required in the future.
The study describes a new carbon dioxide-capture process, called a Carbon Filter Process, designed to meet the need. It uses a simple, low-cost filter filled with porous carbonaceous sorbent that works at low pressures. Modeling data and laboratory tests suggest that the device works better than existing technologies at a fraction of their cost.
Journal reference:
1. Flue-Gas Carbon Capture on Carbonaceous Sorbents: Toward a Low-Cost Multifunctional Carbon Filter for 'Green' Energy Producers. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. May 21, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0707974
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47 (10), 3783 -3794, 2008
Flue-Gas Carbon Capture on Carbonaceous Sorbents: Toward a Low-Cost Multifunctional Carbon Filter for "Green" Energy Producers
Maciej Radosz,* Xudong Hu, Kaspars Krutkramelis, and Youqing Shen
Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
Abstract:
A low-pressure Carbon Filter Process (patent pending) is proposed to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas. This filter is filled with a low-cost carbonaceous sorbent, such as activated carbon or charcoal, which has a high affinity (and, hence, high capacity) to CO2 but not to nitrogen (N2). This, in turn, leads to a high CO2/N2 selectivity, especially at low pressures. The Carbon Filter Process proposed in this work can recover at least 90% of flue-gas CO2 of 90%+ purity at a fraction of the cost normally associated with the conventional amine absorption process. The Carbon Filter Process requires neither expensive materials nor flue-gas compression or refrigeration, and it is easy to heat integrate with an existing or grassroots power plant without affecting the cost of the produced electricity too much. An abundant supply of low-cost CO2 from electricity producers is good news for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced coal-bed methane recovery (ECBMR) operators, because it will lead to higher oil and gas recovery rates in an environmentally sensitive manner. A CO2-rich mixture that contains some nitrogen is much less expensive to separate from flue-gas than pure CO2; therefore, mixed CO2/N2-EOR and CO2/N2-ECBMR methods are proposed to maximize the overall carbon capture and utilization efficiency.
Polymers containing ionic groups for gas separation and
storage
US2007119302
RADOSZ MACIEJ (US); SHEN YOUGING 2007-05-31
Abstract --- Polymeric materials containing ionic
groups, which can be used as membranes and sorbents for
separating gas components, for example, separating CO2 from flue
gas streams and from natural gas streams, and sorbents for
storing gas components. Such separation materials are used for
pre-combustion separations, post-combustion separations, and
natural gas separations, and are alternatives to the
conventional amine absorption process.