rexresearch.com
Bruce FELTENBERGER
Pendulum Pump
http://www.gravityassistedpower.com
Gravitational Energy Corp.
After nearly six years of research and development, we are now
entering the commercialization stage with our Gravity Assisted
Power (GAP) technology.
The Feltenberger Pendulum, a unique double reciprocating device
(Patent Pending) uses the force of gravity to help provide the
power to pump water. We have combined a new power off-take system
with a rigid arm pendulum, which makes it much easier to pump
water manually than a conventional lever arm pump, which requires
a constant push or pull type of action; or a hand crank, with a
constant turning action. Due to the nature of the pendulum
swinging back and forth, it is far easier to provide a short
intermittent push to the pendulum once every arc or every over and
back cycle to maintain the pumping process, thereby substantially
reducing operator fatigue. In this manner, we have achieved a
“gravity assist” in helping us do work.
Our first commercially available GAP machine, the
Feltenberger Pendulum Pump, is a general-purpose piston pump,
the GP210, which provides four different settings for a wide
range of pumping capability. Combined with the
Aquathin filtration and reverse osmosis systems, the
Feltenberger Pendulum pump becomes a complete hand-operated
water treatment facility capable of producing 1,000 gallons
per hour of clean drinking water.
The general-purpose pump is specifically designed to pump
surface water by suctioning and can lift water approximately
25 feet from the water source to the pump. This
pump is very durable, easy to maintain and can be set up and
operating near a river, creek, pond, lake or any flooded area
within about one hour.
In addition to treating virtually any type of contaminated
water source, the machine can also be set to bypass all
filters when it is needed to pump out a cistern or flooded
area or for irrigation or sanitation needs.
In the near term, we expect to offer a deep-water piston
pump, which will be capable of pumping from depths approaching
400 feet, as well as a desalinating piston pump to produce
clean drinking water from salt water.
In areas where no electricity or fuels are available, Gravity
Assisted Power can be the answer. Let gravity help you
do the work.
Specifications
The Feltenberger Pendulum is a unique
double-reciprocating pendulum. Our videos show this quite
well. As the pendulum rotates, the axle reciprocates in a
linear (straight line) manner, causing a pumping action.
The amount of water being pumped is determined by the distance
that the axle slides in and out of the pump while it
rotates. The axle is connected to a piston rod that pushes
or pulls the piston in the pump. Water is pumped while the
piston moves in both directions during the in and the out
strokes. The further the piston moves, the greater the
amount of water that is pumped.
The distance the piston moves varies based on the mode of
operation and the Pressure/Volume (P/V) setting. The
pendulum can be pushed in a gentle manner, describing a
relatively low over and back succession of arcs. If
compared to the face of a clock a good example would be from 4
o’clock to 8 o’clock and back again. This will produce
about one half the pumped water that would result from a
higher arc of 2 o’clock to 10 o’clock. If the pendulum
is rotated 360 degrees or in a continuous spinning manner, it
will pump the maximum amount of water for any given P/V
setting.
There are four different P/V settings that can be
selected depending on the desire of the operator.
Changing from one setting to another is easy and takes only a
few seconds. First, the pendulum must be
stationary. Then, on top of the machine, above the
Gravity Assisted Power label there is a device, which looks
like a black box. Protruding from this device is a
selector pin, which can be easily pulled out and removed and
then inserted into another position. There are four
positions to choose from and they are numbered one through
four.
The effect of moving the selector pin from one P/V
position to another is similar to shifting gears in a
car. Position one produces the highest pressure and
lowest volume of water. Position four produces the
highest volume of water at the lowest pressure.
Positions two and three are incremental changes in pressure
and volume.
A complete Water Treatment
Facility
The General Purpose Pumping Machine (our first commercial grade
model) that is currently at work in Haiti is the GP 210
model. Built into this machine is an Aquashield water
filtration system that can produce over 1,000 gallons per hour
of clean drinking water, which meets or exceeds the World Health
Organization standards for drinking water. Virtually any
type of contaminated source water can be filtered to these
standards. The GP 210 is also equipped with an Aquathin
Reverse Osmosis (R/O) system, which, during continuous operation
can produce 400 to 500 gallons per day of a very
high grade of pure water, which is more pure than
regular drinking water.
The machine can be set to produce only R/O
water, regular drinking water or both types of clean
water simultaneously. If desired, the machine can also
be set to bypass all filtration and simply pump source water
for irrigation, sanitation, fire fighting or storage in a
settling tank.
Any of the four P/V positions can be used for the
selector pin while pumping water for any of the conditions
described above. A pressure gauge is provided on the
outlet side of the pump and a pressure relief valve is
provided on the R/O system. These do not need
adjustment. By turning the R/O handle to the “on”
position and swinging the pendulum, 60 to 70 psi will
automatically be achieved. This is the recommended
pressure for Reverse Osmosis and is pre-set at the
factory. If the operator selects position one and
operates the pendulum at a fairly low arc, the R/O system will
produce very high grade water at full capacity. By
pushing the pendulum at a higher arc, excess regular
drinking water will also be automatically
produced. Positions two, three or four will do the same
thing, except they will produce more drinking water than
position one. A small adult or a child can easily
operate the pendulum in position one or two for an extended
time, whereas positions three or four are a little more
difficult to operate continuously and therefore are probably
not well suited for a child to operate while producing R/O
water.
If the operator does not wish to produce R/O grade water, a
child or small adult can easily operate the machine in any of
the four P/V positions because filtered drinking water or
irrigation grade (non-drinking) water do not require as much
pressure as R/O grade water.
Videos
http://gravityassistedpower.com/?page_id=5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwC5mLoU--c&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yheVAF-Zrvo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z29FLT6O6Pg&feature=related
http://www.mmdnewswire.com/safe-drinking-water-10135.html
Newswire.com
NE
OHIO
COMPANY USES GRAVITY TO CREATE JOBS
Local manufacturing of new
green technology helping to solve the global water crisis
Cuyahoga Falls, OH (MMD Newswire) September 14, 2010 - Water,
water everywhere and not a drop to drink. Nearly 1 billion people
globally lack access to safe drinking water. Gravitational Energy
Corporation (GEC) of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio is already tackling this
water-crisis in the country of Haiti with their invention of a new
green technology. Stunning in its simplicity, the Feltenberger
Pendulum, a Gravity Assisted Power (GAP) machine, uses the force
of gravity to help power various machinery. This versatile GAP
pendulum can be applied to the generation of electricity, drilling
of wells, desalinization/filtration of water and so much more.
For its first application, Gravitational Energy Corporation is
introducing a revolutionary easy-to-use, hand-operated water pump
and filtration system that needs NO fuel or electricity, making it
indispensible in the wake of natural disasters and struggling
third world countries. In May of 2010, the first production model
was sent to earthquake stricken Haiti. "We donated the pump with
an Aquathin filtration unit to One-Life Missions Foundation." says
Art Drentlau, Sr. Vice President. "We were deeply moved by the
images on TV and knew that our product could help thousands of
people in need of safe drinking water."
Bob Thompson, president of the One-Life Missions Foundation says,
"We use the pump for 3 hours a day, and this provides enough
drinking water for approximately 4,000 people. We hope to further
leverage the power of this system by partnering withour other NGO
partners in Haiti to help thousands more."
With a burgeoning world population, the demand for safe drinking
water is already one of our most critical global environmental
problems. "Water wise, the world is in a state of crisis. More
people die and suffer from the lack of access to safe drinking
water and to basic sanitation, than from war." Source; U.N.-Water
and The United Nations Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Water
and Sanitation.
A public demonstration of the GAP Feltenberger Pendulum Pump will
take place on Wednesday, September 15, 2010 from 1:00pm-5:00pm in
the Shady Bend Pavilion located at Water Works Park in Cuyahoga
Falls, Ohio, 2025 Munroe Falls Avenue, Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221.
GEC will demonstrate this new GAP technology by allowing onlookers
to operate the pump and process water through their system
straight from the Cuyahoga River, once famous for catching on fire
because of its excessive pollution.
"I worked out the concept for our GAP technology over 40 years ago
and spent the last six years getting to the production stage. I'm
excited to see our first application making a difference in the
daily lives of so many people in Haiti." says Bruce Feltenberger,
inventor/President/CEO of GEC. "We've also conducted a very
successful demonstration to the U.S. military of our new
technology. We expect to create many local jobs to keep up with
the growing demand for our 'Made in USA' products."
GEC is very pleased to also announce the selection of DriPowder,
LLC as the exclusive representative of the GAP technology for all
governmental applications, including the military. DriPowder is a
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business owned by Karl
Monger, a retired US Army Major and former Army Ranger. During a
recent demonstration of the Feltenberger Pendulum with water
filtration system for representatives of the US military in Tampa,
Florida, Monger said "a soldier cannot function long without
water. One of the greatest logistical challenges is transporting
large quantities of water as well as disposing of plastic bottles.
The GAP technology resolves both of those problems, and ensures
our warriors are drinking safe water - even if the enemy
contaminates the water supply. Additionally the good-will
resulting from providing these devices to a host nation is
invaluable to building and maintaining local support."
The optional water filtration system supplied with the pendulum
pump is manufactured by Aquathin Corporation; a global leader in
the water filtration industry for over 30 years. This unique
filter system known as AquaShield contains a patented
anti-microbial membrane that kills harmful bacteria and viruses in
the water without the need of costly chemical dosing systems or UV
radiation. "We're excited to be a strategic partner with GEC.",
says Alfred Lipshultz, founder and President of Aquathin
Corporation. "GEC has developed a breakthrough technology that can
help millions of people in disaster relief, 3rd world nations and
militaries for drinking and irrigation in areas without readily
available electrical supply. The Feltenberger Pendulum Pump is the
only hand-operated pump I know of that allows our water filtration
systems to operate fully to the capacity they were designed for."
The pendulum pump has 4 settings that adjust the volume and/or
pressure of the water being pumped. "We can pump high volumes at
low pressure, or lower volumes of water at high pressure." says
Matthew Butrick, Chief Engineer GEC. "This higher pressure setting
allows our pump to further purify water using a reverse osmosis
filter system."
The Feltenberger Pendulum Pump equipped with an Aquathin
filtration system is truly a unique and powerful setup. Its small
size allows the unit to be quickly transported from site to site,
and its easy hand-powered operation completely eliminates the need
for fuel or electricity. The durable, rugged construction makes
the complete system very inexpensive to maintain.
To learn more about this new technology and the upcoming public
demonstration, contact Art Drentlau at 330-414-3835 or visit
www.gravityassistedpower.com.
Media Contact:
Art Drentlau, Sr. VP
Office: 330-920-6222
Cell: 330-414-3835
Email: Art@gravityassistedpower.com
Karl Monger (MAJ, USA Ret), DriPowder
Web: www.dripowder.com
Office: 316-249-0218
Email: kmonger@dripowder.com
http://www.poten.com/NewsDetails.aspx?id=10639017
Sep, 12, 2010
Akron Beacon Journal (OH)
New pump taps into critical need
by
Paula Schleis
Sept. 12--A couple of girls in a Haiti refugee camp bat the handle
of a swinging pendulum back and forth, the way carefree kids might
swing a jump rope on a lazy summer day.
It's not obvious how their playful distraction is actually saving
lives in the wake of the January earthquake that ravaged the
country.
But the movement of the pendulum is actually powering a pump that
filters 1,000 gallons of water an hour.
The moment is captured on a video on the Web site of Gravitational
Energy Corp., a Cuyahoga Falls company that spent six years and
$1.3 million inventing the technology.
Riding the success of the equipment donated to One Life Missions
in Haiti, the company is taking orders for the Feltenberger
Pendulum Pump, named for its inventor and company president, Bruce
Feltenberger.
On Wednesday, the company will give a public demonstration of the
hand-operated, gravity-assisted pump from 1 to 5 p.m. in the Shady
Bend Pavilion at Water Works Park, 2025 Munroe Falls Ave.,
Cuyahoga Falls.
Feltenberger said he wanted to demonstrate his unit on the
Cuyahoga River because of its reputation for having been so dirty
that it once caught fire.
"It's still pretty heavily contaminated," Feltenberger said.
The pump is being marketed for disaster areas and Third World
countries. Gravitational Energy made its first sale last month,
when a man from the Netherlands raised money to buy a unit for a
community in Pakistan.
"Our idea about helping people is: It's a lot quicker to start
pumping and filtering the water you have access to than it is to
try to figure out where you can drill a hole" for a water well,
Vice President Art Drentlau said.
The company also recently demonstrated the pump to the military
for potential use in combat zones or inhospitable geography.
But turning dirty rivers, lakes and flooded streets into drinkable
water is only the first application, Feltenberger said.
Gravitational Energy has been experimenting with backpack-size
pumps for mobile situations, hand-cranked pumps that would power
electrical generators and room-size pumps that can generate
commercial-grade electricity and power a desalination plant.
Powered by gravity
Feltenberger said the seed for his idea was planted in 1965 as he
watched a huge pendulum swinging at a planetarium in Pittsburgh.
"I thought, 'You know, if that pendulum could be modified just a
little, I'll bet it could do quite a bit of work,' " he said.
He tinkered with the concept throughout his career as an engineer
and journeyman machinist, but it wasn't until six years ago that
he decided to devote his full attention to developing the idea.
The timing was right, he said.
"All of the changes that have occurred over the last many years,
as far as demand for green energy, a growing desire to be kinder
to the environment, wanting to reduce the carbon footprint -- put
them all together and it just made me feel this was more and more
important," he said.
The project has been financed through private investments and help
from people like Hans Leitner, who gave Feltenberger space to
build his prototypes at his J&J Precision Machine shop in
Cuyahoga Falls.
Units cost about $34,000 and take three to four weeks to make.
Made in the U.S.A.
Feltenberger and Drentlau explained why their pendulum is much
easier and more efficient than other nonelectric methods for
generating power.
A typical hand-operated machine might involve a lever that must be
pushed and pulled constantly, or a hand crank that needs to be
wound in a circular motion.
The rigid arm pendulum that Feltenberger designed can swing back
and forth, taking far less human energy to keep it in motion.
The more aggressive the operator, the more water the machine can
pump, but it still works if someone simply bats it back and forth
in an arc -- the way the Haitian girls did. The operator also can
pause from time to time without stopping progress. Drentlau
demonstrated by pushing the pendulum, then lifting his hand to
show how momentum kept the arm going.
In addition to cleaning drinking water, the system can be used
without a filter for irrigation, sanitation, firefighting, or
removing water from flooded areas or contaminated cisterns.
Feltenberger said the entire unit will be made in the United
States, including special valves that had to be designed and
fabricated in Akron.
"Everything here is made in the United States: the tires, the
axles, the filtration system," Feltenberger said.
"If we make a lot of these, we want to put people back to work
here."
USP
7735386
POWER GENERATION DEVICE
2008-12-24
Inventor(s): FELTENBERGER BRUCE
Classification:- international: F03G3/00; F03G3/00 ;- European:
F03G3/06
Abstract -- A rigid arm
pendulum is combined with a helical device attached to the
pendulum horizontal axle to provide a double reciprocating action.
While the pendulum reciprocates in rotary fashion about the axle,
describing successive arcs of less than 360 degrees, the axle
simultaneously produces a reciprocating action about its
longitudinal centerline. A pumping action is thereby developed in
line with the longitudinal centerline of the axle. This pumping
(linear reciprocating) action can be utilized for a variety of
requirements, including a hydraulic pump and a system to drive an
electric generator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates generally to a energy
generation device and, more particularly, to a device utilizing
reciprocating rotational motion that can be transmitted to an
oscillating linear motion that is more suitable to adapting for
the transmission of energy.
[0004] 2. Description of the
Related Art
[0005] As is well known in the art, pendulums have long been known
as providing an effective means for utilizing the momentum of a
falling weight. So efficient is a pendulum at utilizing momentum
that, once oscillating, it requires very little additional energy
input to keep the pendulum in motion. This additional energy only
needs to be equal to the energy losses experienced by the system
due to various forms of friction.
[0006] Additionally and separately, electrical power generation
systems utilize a wide array of technology that can capture
rotating motions (from turbines, flywheels and the like) to
generate electric power. Similarly, pumps can utilize either a
rotating motion, or a reciprocating motion, to impart energy on a
working fluid. In both cases, the ability to utilize the
oscillating motion from a pendulum to drive such work output is
not easily adapted. The back and forth oscillation of a pendulum
results in direction changes sufficient to drive a clockwork, but
the pulsating rotations of the axle are not well suited for
driving a generator, powering a drill, driving a pump, or the
like. Further, a search of the prior art did not disclose any
patents that read directly on the claims of the instant invention.
[0007] Consequently, a need has been felt for providing an
improved means of interfacing between conventional electrical or
mechanical power generation processes and the pulsating movement
of a pendulum axle, thereby enabling a pendulum to become an
efficient prime mover requiring only intermittent impulses of
energy input.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is therefore an object of the present invention to
provide an improved power generation device.
[0009] It is a feature of the present invention to provide an
improved power generation device utilizing reciprocating
rotational motion to impart the working force.
[0010] It is yet another feature of the present invention to
provide an improved power generation device utilizing an
oscillating pendulum to generate or transfer the driving force.
[0011] Briefly described according to one embodiment of the
present invention, a rigid arm pendulum is combined with a helical
axle to provide a double reciprocating action. While the pendulum
reciprocates in rotary fashion about the horizontal axle,
describing successively diminishing arcs of less than 360 degrees,
the pendulum simultaneously causes the axle to reciprocate in a
linear manner about its longitudinal centerline. Additionally, the
pendulum can operate in this manner while maintaining arcs, which
do not diminish, providing intermittent input energy impulses are
introduced to the system and are equal in magnitude to the losses
caused by all forms of friction including the workload. A pumping
action is developed in line with the longitudinal centerline of
the axle. This pumping (linear reciprocating) action can be
utilized for a variety of requirements, including but not limited
to a hydraulic pump, a linear electric generator and a linkage
system connected to a flywheel, which can drive various forms of
rotating machinery.
[0012] An advantage of the present invention is that it provides
an easily adapted means of powering conventional mechanical,
hydraulic or electrical equipment with reciprocating rotary
motion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The advantages and features of the present invention will
become better understood with reference to the following more
detailed description and claims taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which like elements are identified with
like symbols, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a
pendulum in a stationary position according to one conceptual
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of
the image in FIG. 1 showing the pendulum in motion;
FIG. 3 is a close up top
view of one embodiment of the rotation arrestor; and
FIG. 4 shows another
embodiment of the rotation arrestor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS
[0018] The best mode for carrying out the invention is presented
in terms of its preferred embodiment, herein depicted within the
Figures.
1. Detailed Description of the
Figures
[0019] In order to describe the complete relationship of the
invention, it is essential that some description be given to the
manner and practice of functional utility and description of the
prototype utilizing the present teachings of a power generation
device 100 utilizing reciprocating rotational motion and
demonstrated shown by FIG. 1-4. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a side view
and front view, respectively, of the pendulum in a stationary
position. Support frames 101, which are rigidly fastened to a base
102, are attached to a plurality of side supports 103 to provide
rigidity to the support frame 101. Plates 104 and 105 are secured
to the top of the support frames 101. Bearing blocks 106 are
fastened to the plates 104, 105. Ball bearings 107 are positioned
in the bearing blocks 106 and the bearing blocks 106 are assembled
to the support frame 101 such that the bearings 106 are parallel
and in line with each other. An axle 108 is mounted through the
bearings so that it is capable of rotating freely. A pendulum bar
109 is rigidly fastened at a proximal end to the axle 108 and a
weight 110 is fastened to a distal end of the pendulum bar 110,
thereby comprising a rigid arm pendulum on a rotatable shaft or
axle. A handle 111 is attached to one end of the axle 108 to
provide a means for pushing or rotating the pendulum. A ball nut
112 is fastened to the opposite end of the axle 108 and a ball
screw 113 is installed into the ball nut such that one end of the
ball screw can 113 travel freely inward and outward through the
ball nut while the opposite end of the ball screw is fastened to a
slidable block 114 portion of a rotation arrestor, as described in
greater detail below.
[0020] In conjunction with FIG. 3, the rotation arrestor assembly
is comprised of a slidable block 114, a fixed block 115, two rods
116, which are securely fastened to the fixed block 115 and four
linear bearings 117, which are securely fastened to the slidable
block 114. The fixed block 115 is fastened to the plate 105 and
one end of the slidable block 114 is fastened to a workstation
such as a reciprocating pump 118. As the ball screw advances and
retreats, the linear bearings 117 slide along the rods 116.
2. Operation of the Preferred
Embodiment
[0021] FIG. 2 shows a front view depicting the pendulum in motion,
and FIG. 3 shows an enlarged top view of the output end of the
pendulum axle. In these views, it can readily be seen that as the
axle 108 rotates, the ball nut 112 rotates, causing the ball screw
113, which has its opposite end rigidly fastened to the slidable
rotation arrestor block 114, to screw inward or outward from the
axle depending on the direction of rotation. As the ball screw
moves in a linear manner, traveling along its longitudinal
centerline, it alternatingly pushes and pulls the slidable
rotation arrestor block 114 causing oscillating linear action in
accordance with the rotating direction of the pendulum. The
slidable rotation arrestor block 114 has its opposite end fastened
to a reciprocating pump 118 and in this manner the pendulum's
reciprocating rotational movement is converted to a linear
reciprocating motion, which is used to produce work.
[0022] FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of FIG. 3 where the ball
nut 112 is rigidly fastened to the slidable rotation arrestor
block 114. In this embodiment, one end of the ball screw 113 is
rigidly fastened to the axle 108. The ball screw rotates with the
axle causing the ball nut and the slidable rotation arrestor block
114 to be pulled or pushed in a linear oscillating manner.
[0023] In operation, the principles of the present invention
succeeded in demonstrating that a rigid arm pendulum works like a
lever arm set into motion. A large mechanical advantage exists
near the axle longitudinal centerline. The ball screw and ball nut
arrangement further demonstrated a mechanical advantage found in
the inclined plane, which is essentially a circular wedge.
Combining these two principles produced a potential force along
the axial longitudinal centerline of several thousand pounds, even
when using a weight at the end of the pendulum arm of only 72 Lbs.
A further result of testing revealed that when a linear workload
was introduced (such as a reciprocating pump) to the ball screw
via the rotation arrestor, the increased friction caused by the
workload was transmitted through the ball screw to the pendulum in
a more efficient manner than when the same workload was introduced
in a rotary manner such as using a pulley on the axle. This was
confirmed by measuring the decrease in the size of the arc as the
pendulum rotated due to linear loading versus radial loading.
[0024] It was further demonstrated that a given rotational arc of
the pendulum could be maintained with a small manual impulse input
once at the end of each over and back cycle of the pendulum. This
input was sufficient to overcome all forms of friction and thereby
maintain operation of the pendulum while producing useful output
work. Such a device can be used for a variety of pumping
applications, especially in situations where a higher force or
pressure is required than what is otherwise available from a hand
operated pumping system. Additionally, the output reciprocating
system could also supply power to a hydraulic pump/motor system
attached to an electric generator. In this manner, a hand operated
rotary reciprocating mechanical system could produce a significant
amount of electric power.
[0025] Additionally, because of the reciprocating nature of a
pendulum, it is easier to provide intermittent impulse pushes
manually than to continuously turn a hand wheel or push and pull
on a lever arm. In this manner, one or two people operating the
machine do not become fatigued as quickly and yet they produce
significant continuous output work.
[0026] This described portion above represents the functional
basis for the present invention, and allows the conversion of the
reciprocating rotational motion of the pendulum assembly (or,
alternately, an asymmetrical or unbalanced rotating cam or
flywheel) into a simple reciprocating linear motion. Additionally,
the momentum and power associated with the pendulum are
concentrated and converted into a small reciprocating motion of
much greater force concentration. The foregoing descriptions of
specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented
for purposes of illustration and description. They are not
intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise
forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations
are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were
chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of
the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable
others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and
various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to
the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of
the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their
equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be
limited only by the following claims.