Tadayuki IMANAKA, et al.
Synthetic Petroleum
Nanobubble O2 in H2O treated with UV & TiO2
photocatalyst activates water; add petroleum and CO2;
yields 5-10+ oil.
https://soranews24.com/2015/10/06/kyoto-professor-makes-petroleum-easily-using-only-water-and-carbon-dioxide-we-think/
Kyoto
professor makes petroleum easily using only water and
carbon dioxide…we think
... a professor from Kyoto University and his team have found
a way to create petroleum efficiently and cheaply. Their
method uses no energy-consuming high pressures or temperatures
and only requires water, petroleum, and carbon dioxide. As a
result, it can be done so cheaply that KTV reported 100 yen
(US$0.83) of oil can be synthesized using only 3 yen ($0.02)
worth of electricity....
Professor Tadayuki Imanaka’s technique can be done anywhere
with very little energy and just a few pieces of specialized
equipment. The first step involves creating an amount of
activated water. This is made with nanobubbles (very, very
small bubbles) of oxygen in electrolysed water under UV light
along with a catalyst.
Then petroleum is mixed in with the activated water. As the
saying goes, oil and water don’t mix so it needs some
substantial shaking to get an emulsion. While the oil and
water are blending together a substance containing CO2 is
added to the mix.
fter when the mixture settles and separates again the amount
of water is decreased but the amount of petroleum is
increased. Imanaka says that the amount of increase depends on
the type of oil used such as kerosene or light oil, but ranges
from 5 to 10 percent.
The
potential
Imanaka is confident that this method is effective and hopes a
system of mass production can be developed as early as next
year. After that his synthetic oil can be made for use in the
market in large and cheap quantities.
He also claims this oil will be cleaner burning since it
doesn’t release certain greenhouse gases that contain sulfur
and nitrogen like natural crude oil does. Furthermore,
synthesizing Imanaka’s oil would require collecting and using
carbon dioxide which could help in reducing its impact on the
environment as well.
This form of petroleum does have some obvious drawbacks.
Firstly it requires water which also isn’t a limitless
resource. And it is still oil which does result in pollution
when burned for energy....
https://www.omicsonline.org/proceedings/an-efficient-way-of-producing-fuel-hydrocarbon-from-co2-and-activated-water-82942.html
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0401-C1-021
4th European Organic Chemistry Congress
An efficient
way of producing fuel hydrocarbon from CO2 and activated
water
Tadayuki
Imanaka
Ritsumeikan
University, Japan
Abstract
Here, we show that petroleum can be formed efficiently at
normal temperatures and pressures from carbon dioxide and
activated water. The CO2- nano-bubble containing water was
treated with TiO2 catalysis in the presence of oxygen under UV
irradiation. The activated water was mixed vigorously with
kerosene or light oil and carbon dioxide to form an emulsion.
The emulsion gradually separated into a two-phase solution.
After phase separation, the volume of kerosene or light oil,
depending on which oil was utilized, increased by 5 to 10%.
Oxygen gas is converted to ozone and further to reactive
oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl
radicals. The reactive oxygen species may reduce carbon
dioxide to carbon monoxide, as follows, 2 CO2 ⇔ 2CO+O2
(reaction 1), the generated carbon monoxide may form hydrogen
from water, as follows, CO+H2O⇔CO2+H2 (reaction 2), as a
total, CO2+H2O⇔CO+H2+O2 (reaction 3). All reactions were
carried out at room temperature and normal pressure. The oil
generation reaction may occur as radical emulsion
polymerization in micelles and be written as follows,
nCO+(2n+1)H2⇒CnH2n+2+nH2O (reaction 4). From reactions 3 and
4, mass balance is shown as follows, nCO2+(n+1)H2⇒CnH2n+2+nO2
(reaction 5).
Biography
Tadayuki Imanaka has graduated from Osaka University,
receiving his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1967. He
finished his Post-graduate course at the same university,
receiving his Master of Engineering degree in 1969. He was
awarded the Doctor of Engineering degree from Osaka University
in 1973. He was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) from 1973 to 1974.
He is an Associate Professor of Biotechnology at Osaka
University since 1981 and Professor of Biotechnology at Osaka
University since 1989. He is a Professor at Department of
Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School
of Engineering, Kyoto University since 1996 and Professor at
Department of Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University since
April, 2008. He was awarded the following awards:
Biotechnology Award of the Society for Bioscience and
Bioengineering, Japan, in 2001; Arima Prize of Japanese
Biotechnology Association, in 2001; Fellow in American Academy
of Microbiology, in 2003; The Chemical Society of Japan Award,
in 2005 and Japan Society for Environmental Biotechnology
Award, in 2008. He was selected as a Member of Science Council
of Japan, since 2005. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from
Japanese Emperor in 2010.
Email:imanaka@sk.ritsumei.ac.jp
METHOD AND
DEVICE FOR HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS
US2017327434
[ PDF ]
FIELD: chemical industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a
method for the synthesis of hydrocarbons. Method of synthesis
of hydrocarbons is carried out by restoring carbon dioxide in
water, in which oxygen nanobubbles are formed by supplying
oxygen to water containing carbon dioxide; water, containing
oxygen nanobubbles, is irradiated with ultraviolet light in
the presence of a photocatalyst to produce active oxygen; and
carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of active oxygen.
Device for the synthesis of hydrocarbons is also
claimed.EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the yield
of hydrocarbons.
FIELD OF
THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for
synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in
water.
BACKGROUND
OF THE INVENTION
[0002] As a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing
carbon dioxide in water, there has hitherto been known a
method in which the synthesis is performed by adding hydrogen
under conditions of high temperature and high pressure.
However, such a conventional method performs the synthesis by
adding hydrogen under the conditions of high temperature and
high pressure, and accordingly is unfortunately high in the
apparatus cost, and makes cumbersome the apparatus
maintenance.
[0003] Consequently, there has been proposed a method for
synthesizing a hydrocarbon without requiring the addition of
hydrogen and the conditions of high temperature and high
pressure (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 5131444). In
the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon shown in Japanese
Patent No. 5131444, a gas column of carbon dioxide is formed
in water, a swirling flow of water is generated around the gas
column, thus carbon dioxide is fed into water as fine gas
bubbles, the water containing fine gas bubbles of carbon
dioxide is irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence
of a photocatalyst in the atmospheric pressure atmosphere to
reduce the carbon dioxide, and thus a hydrocarbon is
synthesized.
[0004] However, in the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon
as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5131444, the formation of a
gas column of carbon dioxide in water is always required, and
the generation of a swirling flow of water around the gas
column of carbon dioxide is also required; thus, a mechanism
for forming the gas column of carbon dioxide and the swirling
flow of water is required, and thus, the reaction mechanism is
unfortunately complicated.
[0005] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to
provide a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon, capable of
efficiently synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon
dioxide in water on the basis of an easy reaction mechanism,
and an apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon.
DISCLOSURE
OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention according to a first aspect of the
present invention is a method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon
by reducing carbon dioxide in water, wherein nanobubbles of
oxygen are generated by feeding oxygen into water containing
carbon dioxide, water containing the nanobubbles of oxygen is
irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a
photocatalyst to produce active oxygen, and carbon dioxide is
reduced in the presence of the active oxygen.
[0007] The invention according to a second aspect of the
present invention is a method wherein in the method for
synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the first aspect,
carbon dioxide is reduced in the presence of a separately
prepared liquid hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced
from the nanobubbles of oxygen.
[0008] The invention according to a third aspect of the
present invention is an apparatus for synthesizing a
hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water, including a
nanobubble generation unit for generating nanobubbles of
oxygen by feeding oxygen into water containing carbon dioxide,
and an ultraviolet light irradiation unit for irradiating the
water containing nanobubbles of oxygen generated by the
nanobubble generation unit with ultraviolet light in the
presence of a photocatalyst, wherein carbon dioxide is reduced
in the presence of active oxygen produced by irradiating the
water containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light
by the ultraviolet light irradiation unit.
[0009] According to the present invention, a hydrocarbon is
synthesized by reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of
active oxygen produced by irradiating water containing
nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light, and accordingly,
a hydrocarbon can be synthesized simply by using water
containing carbon dioxide. Accordingly, a hydrocarbon can be
synthesized with an easy reaction mechanism, and at the same
time, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized efficiently.
[0010] In addition, according to the present invention, carbon
dioxide is reduced in the presence of a separately prepared
liquid hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced from the
nanobubbles of oxygen, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized in a
larger amount.
BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline
of a configuration of an embodiment of a synthesis apparatus
for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by a method for synthesizing a
hydrocarbon according to the present invention; and
[0012] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline
of a configuration of another embodiment of a synthesis
apparatus for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by a method for
synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION
OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0013] First, the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon
according to the present invention (the first method), and the
synthesis apparatus of the first method.
[0014] As shown in FIG. 1, the synthesis apparatus 10 for
synthesizing a hydrocarbon by the method for synthesizing a
hydrocarbon according to the present invention includes: a
water tank 11 for containing carbon dioxide-dissolved water A;
a nanobubble generator 12 (an example of “the nanobubble
generation unit”) for generating nanobubbles of oxygen
(ultrafine bubbles of oxygen of a few hundred nanometers or
less); and a photocatalyst apparatus 14 (an example of “the
ultraviolet light irradiation unit”) for irradiating the water
A containing nanobubbles of oxygen with ultraviolet light in
the presence of a photocatalyst (such as titanium oxide or
zinc oxide).
[0015] In the water tank 11, a predetermined amount of water A
allowed to pass through a reverse osmosis membrane is
contained. In the water A contained in the water tank 11,
carbon dioxide is dissolved. It is to be noted that although
not shown in FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide feed source such as a
carbon dioxide cylinder is provided outside the water tank 11,
and there may be adopted a configuration in which carbon
dioxide is fed from the aforementioned carbon dioxide feed
source to the water tank 11 (a configuration to fill the
interior of the water tank 11 with carbon dioxide). The water
A is not limited to water allowed to pass through a reverse
osmosis membrane, but any carbon dioxide-dissolving water may
be adopted. The water A is preferably a water allowed to pass
through a reverse osmosis membrane to remove impurities such
as ions or salts.
[0016] The nanobubble generator 12 is an ultrafine pore type
nanobubble generator. The nanobubble generator 12 is connected
to an oxygen feed source 15 such as an oxygen cylinder, and
generates nanobubbles of oxygen in the interior of the water
tank 11 on the basis of the oxygen fed from the oxygen feed
source 15.
[0017] The nanobubble generator 12 includes an oxygen jetting
section for jetting a gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen
and a water jetting section for jetting the water A in the
water tank 11. In the nanobubble generator 12, the oxygen
jetting section and the water jetting section are placed in
the water tank 11.
[0018] In the oxygen jetting section, a special ceramic filter
having nano-level fine pores is arranged, and from the
aforementioned fine pores, a gaseous layer (gas bubbles) of
oxygen is jetted. In the water jetting section, the water A in
the water tank 11 is jetted to the special ceramic filter, and
consequently the liquid flow of the water A flows on the
surface of the special ceramic filter.
[0019] In the nanobubble generator 12, by giving the liquid
flow of the water A in the water tank 11 to the boundaries of
the fine pores of the special ceramic filter, the gaseous
layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen jetted from the oxygen jetting
section (fine pores) is finely cut. Then, the cut gaseous
layer (gas bubbles) of oxygen is compressed by the surface
tension of the water A in the water tank 11, and thus
nanobubbles (ultrafine gas bubbles) of oxygen are generated.
It is to be noted that the nanobubble generator 12 is not
limited to an ultrafine pore type, and may be any other
heretofore known nanobubble generator that is an apparatus
capable of generating nanobubbles of oxygen.
[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, the photocatalyst apparatus 14 has
UV lamps 13 for irradiating the water A containing nanobubbles
of oxygen with ultraviolet light, and a reaction tube 17
provided with a photocatalyst in the interior thereof. The UV
lamps 13 are arranged around the reaction tube 17, and radiate
ultraviolet light to the reaction tube 17. The reaction tube
17 is a tubular vessel capable of transmitting ultraviolet
light, and is constituted so as to allow the water A
containing nanobubbles of oxygen to pass through the inside
thereof.
[0021] In the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water A
containing nanobubbles of oxygen is fed at a predetermined
flow rate in the inside of the reaction tube 17 charged with a
photocatalyst, and the aforementioned water A passing through
the inside of the reaction tube 17 is irradiated with
ultraviolet light. Then, the water A having passed through the
photocatalyst apparatus 14 is again got back to the
photocatalyst apparatus 14 by a circulation pump 16, and is
circulated for a predetermined time by the circulation pump
16.
[0022] In the synthesis apparatus 10, first, nanobubbles of
oxygen are generated by the nanobubble generator 12 in the
water A containing carbon dioxide in the water tank 11. In
this way, the generated nanobubbles of oxygen stay in the
water A in the water tank 11 (visually transparent). Then, the
water A containing the generated nanobubbles of oxygen is fed
to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, and thus, the water A
containing the nanobubbles of oxygen is irradiated with
ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst. In this
way, as shown in the reaction formula (1), the active oxygen
such as a superoxide anion radical or a hydroxyl radical is
produced from oxygen in a nanobubble state through the
intermediary of ozone.
3O2→2O3→active oxygen (O2<−>., OH. or the like) (1)
[0023] At the same time, as shown in the reaction formula (2),
the reduction reaction of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the
water A occurs.
CO2+H2O→CO+H2+O2 (2)
[0024] The reduction reaction of carbon dioxide in the
reaction formula (2) occurs in the presence of the active
oxygen produced in the reaction formula (1), and accordingly,
the reaction shown in the reaction formula (3) proceeds. By
the reaction shown in the reaction formula (3), a hydrocarbon
is synthesized.
(2n+1)H2+nCO→CnH2n+2+nH2O (3)
[0025] In other words, a hydrocarbon is synthesized by
reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of the active oxygen
produced from the oxygen in a nanobubble state.
[0026] As described above, the synthesis apparatus 10 has a
constitution such that nanobubbles of oxygen are generated in
the water A containing carbon dioxide dissolved therein, and a
hydrocarbon is synthesized by reducing carbon dioxide by
irradiating the water A with ultraviolet light in the
photocatalyst apparatus 14 while the water A containing the
aforementioned nanobubbles of oxygen is being circulated;
consequently, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized simply by using
water containing carbon dioxide and nanobubbles of oxygen
(without forming a gas column of carbon dioxide or a swirling
flow of water). Accordingly, a hydrocarbon can be synthesized
on the basis of a facile reaction mechanism, and a hydrocarbon
can also be synthesized efficiently.
[0027] Next, another synthesis method (the second method) of
the method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon according to the
present invention and the synthesis apparatus of the another
synthesis method are described.
[0028] The another method of the method for synthesizing a
hydrocarbon according to the present invention is a method for
newly synthesizing a liquid hydrocarbon by reducing carbon
dioxide in the presence of a separately prepared liquid
hydrocarbon and the active oxygen produced by the
above-described synthesis method (the first method).
[0029] Herein, the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon
means a liquid hydrocarbon preliminarily prepared by a method
other than the aforementioned second method, and being a
liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) having an approximately the
same composition as the composition of the liquid hydrocarbon
to be synthesized by the second method. In other words, the
separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon means a liquid
hydrocarbon (source oil) preliminarily prepared by a different
method other than the above-described first method and the
aforementioned second method concerned. In the case where a
liquid hydrocarbon is preliminarily synthesized by the
above-described first method, the resulting liquid hydrocarbon
is also included in the separately prepared liquid
hydrocarbon. Moreover, examples of the separately prepared
liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) include a hydrocarbon having 6
to 36 carbon atoms such as light oil and kerosene.
[0030] The synthesis apparatus 20 for synthesizing a
hydrocarbon by this method (the second method) include: a
first feed tank 21 for feeding the separately prepared liquid
hydrocarbon E (source oil); a second feed tank 22 for feeding
the water A containing the active oxygen produced by the
above-described first method; a reaction tank 23 for allowing
the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A containing active
oxygen to react with each other; and a still standing tank 24
for allowing the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) after the
reaction and the water A to stand still.
[0031] In the synthesis apparatus 20, first, a liquid mixture
composed of the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E
(source oil) and the water A containing the active oxygen
produced by the above-described first method is fed to the
reaction tank 23 while the liquid mixture is being sprayed
under a predetermined pressure. In this way, micelles are
formed between the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A
containing active oxygen. At the same time, the interior of
the reaction tank 23 is filled with carbon dioxide by feeding
carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide feed source 25 such as a
carbon dioxide cylinder to the reaction tank 23. Herewith,
carbon dioxide is taken into the micelles formed as described
above. Simultaneously, in the reaction tank 23 filled with
carbon dioxide, the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A
containing the active oxygen are stirred by a stirrer 26 of
the reaction tank 23. It is to be noted that the temperature
inside the reaction tank 23 is from room temperature to
preferably approximately 40° C. and more preferably to
approximately 30° C. In addition, the pressure inside the
reaction tank 23 is the atmospheric pressure.
[0032] After the stirring (after the reaction), the liquid
mixture D composed of the liquid hydrocarbon E and the water A
is fed from the reaction tank 23 to the still standing tank
24. Then, the aforementioned liquid mixture D is allowed to
stand still for a predetermined time (for example, 24 hours).
Herewith, the liquid hydrocarbon E is produced as a
supernatant liquid of the liquid mixture D in the still
standing tank 24 in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D.
The amount of the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) produced in
the upper layer of the liquid mixture D is increased by 10 to
15% as compared with the amount of the separately prepared
liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil). In other words, a new
liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil) is produced by the second
method.
[0033] Alternatively, it is also possible to repeat the second
method by isolating the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil)
produced in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D from the
liquid mixture D, mixing the isolated liquid hydrocarbon E
(new oil) with the water A containing the active oxygen, and
again feeding the resultant mixture to the reaction tank 23.
In this way, the amount of the liquid hydrocarbon E (new oil)
produced in the upper layer of the liquid mixture D is
increased by 20 to 30% as compared with the amount of the
separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon E (source oil). In
other words, by repeating a plurality of times the second
method, the amount of the newly produced liquid hydrocarbon E
(new oil) is further increased.
[0034] In this way, in the synthesis apparatus 20, carbon
dioxide can be reduced by mixing the separately prepared
liquid hydrocarbon (source oil) and the water containing
nanobubbles of oxygen, and accordingly as compared with the
case where the separately prepared liquid hydrocarbon (source
oil) is not included, the reduction of carbon dioxide is
promoted and the hydrocarbon can be synthesized in a larger
amount. In other words, by further adding the separately
prepared liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of the active
oxygen produced by irradiating water containing nanobubbles of
oxygen with ultraviolet light, the reduction of carbon dioxide
is promoted and the hydrocarbon is efficiently synthesized.
[0035] Hereinafter, Example 1 of the present invention and
Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in relation to
Example 1 are described. It is to be noted that the present
invention is not limited to Example 1 at all.
Example 1
[0036] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained
by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis
membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, the nanobubble
generator 12 was operated in the water tank 11 to jet
nanobubbles of oxygen into the aforementioned water, and
carbon dioxide was jetted into the aforementioned water from a
carbon dioxide cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11.
[0037] While the water into which nanobubbles of oxygen and
carbon dioxide were jetted was being fed at a flow rate of 18
L/min to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was
irradiated with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in
the presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). The
aforementioned water was circulated between the photocatalyst
apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours.
[0038] It is to be noted that in order to allow nanobubbles of
oxygen and carbon dioxide to stay (to be dissolved)
sufficiently in the water tank 11, nanobubbles of oxygen and
carbon dioxide were continuously jetted into the water tank 11
to be dissolved in the water even while the water was
circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the
water tank 11 for 24 hours. In order to prevent the
volatilization of the produced hydrocarbon, the upper surface
of the water tank 11 was sealed with a seal material.
Comparative
Example 1
[0039] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained
by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis
membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, oxygen was fed
into the water tank 11 from an oxygen cylinder arranged
outside the water tank 11 to jet oxygen into the
aforementioned water, and carbon dioxide was jetted into the
aforementioned water from a carbon dioxide cylinder arranged
outside the water tank 11. In other words, oxygen not being in
a state of nanobubbles was fed to the water.
[0040] Moreover, while the water into which oxygen and carbon
dioxide were jetted was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min
to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated
with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the
presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). The aforementioned
water was circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus 14
and the water tank 11 for 24 hours.
[0041] It is to be noted that similarly to Example 1, in order
to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to stay (to be dissolved)
sufficiently in the water tank 11, oxygen and carbon dioxide
were continuously jetted into the water tank 11 to be
dissolved in the water even while the water was circulated
between the photocatalyst apparatus 14 and the water tank 11
for 24 hours. In order to prevent the volatilization of the
produced hydrocarbon, the upper surface of the water tank 11
was sealed with a seal material.
Comparative
Example 2
[0042] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 50 L of water obtained
by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis
membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, while the
aforementioned water was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min
to the photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated
with ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the
presence of titanium oxide (photocatalyst). Then, the
aforementioned water was circulated between the photocatalyst
apparatus 14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours. In other
words, in Comparative Example 2, only the dissolved oxygen and
the dissolved carbon dioxide being dissolved in the water
placed in the water tank 11 were used, and the amounts of
oxygen and carbon dioxide fed to the water were made smaller
as compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. In order
to prevent the volatilization of the produced hydrocarbon, the
upper surface of the water tank 11 was sealed with a seal
material.
[0043] In each of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and
Comparative Example 2, a certain amount of water was sampled
from the water circulated between the photocatalyst apparatus
14 and the water tank 11 for 24 hours, and from the sampled
water, a hydrocarbon was extracted by using diethyl ether.
Then, the extracted hydrocarbon was completely dehydrated, and
then analyzed with a GC-Mass (SHIMADZU GC-2010).
[0044] As a result of performing the analysis with the
GC-Mass, the hydrocarbons extracted in Example 1, Comparative
Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were found to be saturated
hydrocarbons having 15 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0045] As a result of measuring the amounts of the saturated
hydrocarbons produced in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and
Comparative Example 2, it was verified that 500 mg of a
saturated hydrocarbon, 200 mg of a saturated hydrocarbon and
100 mg or less of a saturated hydrocarbon were produced in
Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2,
respectively. In other words, it has been found that a
saturated hydrocarbon is produced in a high yield by treating
water containing nanobubbles of oxygen in the photocatalyst
apparatus 14. It has also been found that in order to produce
a saturated hydrocarbon in a high yield, it is necessary to
feed sufficient amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the
water to be treated.
[0046] Next, Example 2 of the present invention and
Comparative Example 3 in relation to Example 2 are described.
It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited by
Example 2 at all.
Example 2
[0047] In the synthesis apparatus 10, 100 L of water obtained
by allowing tap water to pass through a reverse osmosis
membrane was placed in the water tank 11. Then, the nanobubble
generator 12 was operated for 120 minutes in the water tank 11
to jet nanobubbles of oxygen into the water and the
nanobubbles of oxygen were retained in the water.
[0048] Moreover, while the water containing nanobubbles of
oxygen was being fed at a flow rate of 18 L/min to the
photocatalyst apparatus 14, the water was irradiated with
ultraviolet light by using the UV lamps 13 in the presence of
titanium oxide (photocatalyst). Then, the water containing
nanobubbles of oxygen was circulated in the photocatalyst
apparatus 14 for 30 minutes.
[0049] Moreover, a liquid mixture composed of 2.5 l of a
preliminarily prepared light oil (source oil) and 2.5 L of the
water containing nanobubbles of oxygen treated in the
photocatalyst apparatus 14 was fed to the reaction tank 23
while the liquid mixture was being sprayed under a pressure of
1.0 MPa. Simultaneously, 500 L or more of carbon dioxide was
fed under a pressure of 0.3 MPa to the reaction tank 23 to
fill the reaction tank 23 with carbon dioxide. Simultaneously,
the light oil and the water were stirred for 4 minutes in the
reaction tank 23 filled with carbon dioxide. It is to be noted
that the temperature in the reaction tank 23 was set at 30° C.
The reaction was performed in the atmospheric pressure
atmosphere.
[0050] After the stirring for 4 minutes (after the reaction),
the liquid mixture composed of the light oil and the water was
fed from the reaction tank 23 to the still standing tank 24,
and was allowed to stand still in the still standing tank 24
for 24 hours. The temperature inside the still standing tank
24 was set at 35° C. The still standing of the liquid mixture
was performed in the atmospheric pressure atmosphere.
Comparative
Example 3
[0051] In Comparative Example 3, the treatment was performed
under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the
oxygen to be fed to the water placed in the water tank 11 was
altered from “the nanobubbles of oxygen” in foregoing Example
2 to “the oxygen not being in a state of nanobubbles” jetted
from the oxygen cylinder arranged outside the water tank 11
(the state in which the oxygen fed from the oxygen cylinder
was directly jetted into the water tank 11).
[0052] In Example 2, after the still standing for 24 hours,
the supernatant liquid was isolated from the aforementioned
liquid mixture in the still standing tank 24, and the isolated
supernatant liquid (new oil) was analyzed. The analysis was
performed with respect to the items shown in Table 1. As a
comparison, the light oil (source oil) before the treatment in
the reaction tank 23 was also analyzed with respect to the
same items. Consequently, as shown in Table 1, the supernatant
liquid (new oil) was found to be a light oil comparable to the
light oil (source oil) before the treatment in the reaction
tank 23.
TABLE 1
Results Test
Items Units Source oil New oil methods
1. Reaction — Neutral Neutral JIS
K2252
2. Flash point (PMCC) ° C. 73.0 82.0
JIS K2265-3
3. Kinematic viscosity (30° C.) mm<2>/s
3.479 3.710 JIS K2283
4. Pour point ° C. −15.0 −12.5 JIS
K2269
5. Carbon residue content of Mass fraction %
0.01 0.04 JIS K2270-2
10% residual oil
6. Moisture content Mass fraction % 0.0063
0.010 JIS K2275
Karl Fisher method
7. Ash content Mass fraction % 0.001
0.001 JIS K2272
8. Sulfur content Mass fraction % 0.0007
0.0007 JIS K2541-6
9. Density (15° C.) g/cm<3> 0.8295
0.8311 JIS K2249-1
10. Distillation
characteristic JIS
K2254
10% Distillation temperature ° C. 217.0
226.0
50% Distillation temperature ° C. 271.5
274.5
90% Distillation temperature ° C. 326.0
328.5
11. Cetane index — 56.2 56.9 JIS
K2280-5
12. Gross calorific value J/g 45990
46010 JIS K2279
13. Plugging point — −10 −10 JIS K2269
[0053] In each of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, the
amount of the supernatant liquid (light oil) isolated from the
aforementioned liquid mixture in the still standing tank 24
was measured. Consequently, in Example 2, the amount of the
supernatant liquid (light oil) was 2.80 L. Specifically, the
amount of the preliminarily prepared light oil was 2.5 L, and
hence the amount of the newly synthesized light oil was found
to be 0.3 L (yield: 12%). On the other hand, in Comparative
Example 3, the amount of the supernatant liquid (light oil)
was 2.58 L. Specifically, the amount of the newly synthesized
light oil was found to be 0.08 L (yield: 3.2%). From the
above-described results, it has been able to be verified that
the use of “the nanobubbles of oxygen” increases the amount
(yield) of the newly synthesized light oil.
METHOD FOR
PRODUCING HYDROCARBON-BASED COMPOUND AND PRODUCTION DEVICE
THEREFOR
JP2018016614
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound capable of efficiently producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound.SOLUTION: Provided is a method for
producing a hydrocarbon-based compound comprising: a step (a)
where functional water including carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles and active oxygen in water is prepared; and a step
(b) where the functional water and a hydrocarbon-based
compound-containing liquid matter are mixed and impact force
is applied thereto, in which the amount of the
hydrocarbon-based compound in the mixture applied with the
impact force is made higher than that of the hydrocarbon-based
compound in the liquid matter.
[0001]
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for
producing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0002]
Conventionally, the Fischer-Tropsch method is known as a
method for chemically synthesizing petroleum.
This process is a series of processes in which carbon monoxide
is reacted with hydrogen gas to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon
compound together with water. However, in this method, since
the reaction is carried out using hydrogen gas under high
temperature and high pressure conditions, it is necessary to
ensure safety and the production cost is high (carbon monoxide
as a raw material is obtained from carbon or the like In this
case, the amount of carbon dioxide released is large, and it
is inefficient such that multiple processes are required to
obtain a saturated hydrocarbon compound.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a method without using carbon monoxide
and hydrogen, a method of reducing carbon dioxide to obtain
methane and / or methanol is known (see Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a gas column of
carbon dioxide is formed in water and a swirling flow of water
is generated around the gas column so that carbon dioxide is
supplied as fine bubbles in water and supplied in the presence
of a photocatalyst And carbon dioxide is reduced by
irradiating light containing water containing fine bubbles of
carbon dioxide to obtain methane and / or methanol.
[0004]
Japanese Patent No. 5131444
[0005]
However, according to the study of the present inventors, it
has become clear by the method described in Patent Document 1
that only a small amount of methane and / or methanol is
obtained, which is not practical.
Also, Patent Document 1 does not disclose anything about
synthesizing a hydrocarbon compound other than methane and /
or methanol.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and
apparatus for producing a novel hydrocarbon compound capable
of efficiently producing a hydrocarbon compound.
[0007]
Means for Solving the Problem The present inventors prepared
functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles and active oxygen in water, and mixed such a
functional substance with a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound to impart an impact force, We have
obtained unique knowledge that the amount of the compound
increases, in other words, a new hydrocarbon compound is
generated by the reaction, and as a result of further diligent
research, we have completed the present invention.
[0008]
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a process for producing a hydrocarbon-based compound
comprising the steps of: (a) preparing functional water
containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active
oxygen in water; and (b) Based compound and a liquid material
containing a hydrocarbon compound, and applying an impact
force, wherein the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in the
mixture to which the impact force is applied is higher than
the amount of the hydrocarbon in the liquid material
containing the hydrocarbon compound The amount of the compound
is higher than the amount of the compound.
[0009]
In one embodiment of the process for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, (a)
comprises (i) supplying carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles
in water and (ii) supplying at least oxygen into water, And
irradiating the oxygen-supplied water with light in the
presence of the photocatalyst to generate active oxygen.
[0010]
In the above embodiment of the method for producing a
hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles may be air nanobubbles, and the
(ii) may include supplying carbon dioxide into the water.
[0011]
Alternatively, in the above embodiment of the method for
producing a hydrocarbon compound of the present invention, the
carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles may be carbon dioxide
nanobubbles.
[0012]
In one embodiment of the process for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the
functional water may have a dissolved oxygen concentration of
10 ppm or more.
[0013]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, the water used in the step
(a) may be pure water.
[0014]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, the step (b) is a step of
previously mixing the functional water and a liquid material
containing the hydrocarbon compound before applying the impact
force .
[0015]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, the impact force in the
above (b) is such that the functional water and the liquid
substance containing the hydrocarbon compound are discharged
from the nozzle together to form a liquid Can be added by
collision.
[0016]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the
production method comprises: (c) separating the mixture to
which the impact force is applied into a water phase and a
phase containing a hydrocarbon- For example.
[0017]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, the liquid material
containing the hydrocarbon compound is selected from the group
consisting of saturated hydrocarbon having 5 to 27 carbon
atoms, light oil, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel At least one
of which may be included.
[0018]
In one embodiment of the method for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound of the present invention, the
average carbon number of the hydrocarbon-based compound
contained in the mixture to which the impact force is applied
is determined by the carbonization contained in the liquid
material containing the hydrocarbon- May be within ± 20% of
the average carbon number of the hydrogen-based compound.
[0019]
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a fuel cell system comprising: a first tank for
containing functional water containing carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water; a
second tank for containing a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound; And a liquid substance containing a
hydrocarbon compound; a supply line connected to the first
tank and the second tank, the supply line being provided in a
tip portion of the supply line, the supply line being provided
in the reaction tank, From the nozzle, the functional water
supplied from the first tank and the liquid material including
the hydrocarbon-based compound supplied from the second tank
are discharged together and impacted against the wall surface
of the reaction tank to apply an impact force And a supply
line configured so as to supply the hydrocarbon-based
compound.
[0020]
In one embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production
apparatus of the present invention, the supply line is
configured to supply the functional water supplied from the
first tank and the liquid material including the
hydrocarbon-based compound supplied from the second tank from
the nozzle A preliminary mixer for premixing before discharge
may be further provided.
[0021]
In one embodiment of the apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, the manufacturing apparatus
separates a mixture to which an impact force extracted from a
reaction tank is applied into a water phase and a phase
containing a hydrocarbon compound It may further comprise a
separation tank.
[0022]
In one embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound production
apparatus of the present invention, the production apparatus
comprises a functional water production unit for producing
functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles and active oxygen in water and supplying it to a
first tank A first supply section for supplying at least
carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles into the
water; a second supply section for supplying at least oxygen
into the water; and a second supply section for supplying
water containing at least oxygen And a light irradiator for
irradiating light in the presence of a photocatalyst to
generate active oxygen.
[0023]
In the above embodiment of the hydrocarbon-based compound
production apparatus of the present invention, the first
supply unit may supply air into the water in the form of
nanobubbles, and the functional water production unit may
supply the carbon dioxide into the water via a third supply
unit .
[0024]
Alternatively, in the above embodiment of the
hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus of the present
invention, the first supply unit may supply carbon dioxide in
water in the form of nanobubbles.
[0025]
In the method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon
compound of the present invention, impact water is added by
mixing functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles and active oxygen in water with a liquid material
containing a hydrocarbon compound.
The amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the
mixture to which the impact force is applied can be higher
than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the
liquid material containing the original hydrocarbon compound,
in other words, A hydrocarbon-based compound can be generated.
That is, according to the present invention, a method for
producing a novel hydrocarbon compound capable of efficiently
producing a hydrocarbon compound and a manufacturing apparatus
are provided.
[0026]
(A) is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a
hydrocarbon-based compound in a former stage (functional water
producing unit) of an apparatus for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound schematically (B) is an exemplary
enlarged schematic view of a portion surrounded by a dotted
line in (a).
BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method for producing a
hydrocarbon-based compound in one embodiment of the present
invention and schematically showing a latter stage portion
(reaction unit) of a hydrocarbon-based compound producing
apparatus.
(A) is a diagram for explaining a former stage (functional
water production unit) of a hydrocarbon-based compound
production apparatus schematically (B) is an exemplary
enlarged schematic view of a portion surrounded by a dotted
line in (a).
(A) is a gas chromatograph analysis result of light oil used
as a crude oil, (b) shows a result of a gas chromatograph
analysis of a light oil containing a hydrocarbon compound used
in Example 1 before and after the reaction, It is the gas
chromatograph analysis result of fresh oil obtained from the
original oil.
[0027]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the method and apparatus for
producing a hydrocarbon compound according to the present
invention will be described in detail with reference to the
drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such
embodiments.
[0028]
(Embodiment 1) The production of a hydrocarbon compound in
this embodiment includes (a) a step of preparing carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles and functional water containing
active oxygen in water (front part, see FIG. 1) and (b) A step
of adding an impulsive force by mixing functional water and a
liquid material containing a hydrocarbon compound (the latter
part, see FIG. 2).
[0029]
Step (a) First, prepare functional water.
In the present invention, functional water means an aqueous
fluid containing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and
active oxygen in water.
Carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are composed of carbon
dioxide-containing gas (it may be at least a gas including
carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide content is not particularly
limited, and may be, for example, within a range of 0.01 to
100 vol%) (Ultrafine bubbles) having a diameter of less than 1
μm, for example less than a few hundred nm.
Nanobubbles can be present (retained and / or dissolved) in
water for a long time compared to larger diameter bubbles.
Active oxygen (which may also be referred to as reactive
oxygen species) is a substance derived from an oxygen molecule
and having higher reactivity than oxygen molecules.
The active oxygen is preferably a radical containing an oxygen
atom, more specifically, a superoxide anion radical (O 2
<->.), A hydroxyl radical (OH •), or the like.
However, the active oxygen is not limited to these radicals,
and may be hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, or the like.
[0030]
Such functional water can be obtained by (i) supplying carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles into water, and (ii) supplying
at least oxygen into water, irradiating the water supplied
with at least oxygen with light in the presence of a
photocatalyst To produce active oxygen.
[0031]
Such functional water can be produced, for example, by a
functional water production unit as shown in FIG. 1 (a front
part of a hydrocarbon-based compound production apparatus in
this embodiment).
1 (a), the functional water production unit 10 includes a
water tub 11 for containing water, a first supply unit 13 for
supplying at least carbon dioxide in water in the form of
nanobubbles, a supply unit 13 for supplying at least oxygen
And a light irradiating section 23 for irradiating light to
the water supplied with at least oxygen in the presence of a
photocatalyst to generate active oxygen.
[0032]
First, water 7 is supplied from a line 1 to a water tank 11.
It is preferable that this water contain as little impurities
as possible, so-called pure water can be used, and ultra pure
water is more preferably used.
Pure water or ultrapure water may be obtained by treating
with, for example, an ion exchange resin (cation exchange
resin and anion exchange resin) and / or a reverse osmosis
membrane or the like.
[0033]
Step (i) Next, at least carbon dioxide (a gas containing at
least carbon dioxide, that is, a carbon dioxide-containing
gas) is supplied from the first supply part 13 connected to
the carbon dioxide supply source 3 into the water 7 stored in
the water tub 11, In the form of nanobubbles.
As a result, carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are
supplied into the water, the concentration of carbon dioxide
in water can be increased, and carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles can be retained in water due to the surface
tension of water.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder or
the like is used as the carbon dioxide supply source 3, and
carbon dioxide gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is
supplied as a carbon dioxide-containing gas in the form of
nanobubbles to convert the carbon dioxide nano bubbles
However, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0035]
The first supply unit 13 has a function of generating
nanobubbles, and can therefore be understood as a nanobubble
generator.
For the first supply unit 13, for example, an ultra fine hole
type nanobubble generator can be used.
The ultra fine hole type nanobubble generator is composed of a
gas ejecting portion for ejecting a gas layer (bubble) of gas
(carbon dioxide-containing gas in the present invention, which
is carbon dioxide gas in the present embodiment) And a water
ejecting portion for ejecting the water 7, and the gas
ejecting portion and the water ejecting portion are charged
into the water 7.
A special ceramic filter having nano-level fine pores is
provided in the gas ejecting portion, and an air layer
(bubble) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas is ejected from
the micropores.
On the other hand, in the water injection portion, the water 7
in the water tub 11 is injected to this special ceramic
filter, whereby a liquid flow of water flows on the surface of
the special ceramic filter.
Then, by giving the liquid flow of the water 7 in the water
tub 11 to the boundary of the fine pores of the special
ceramic filter, the air layer (bubble) of the carbon
dioxide-containing gas injected from the gas jet portion
(micropore) is finely cut .
Then, a gas layer (bubble) of the cut carbon
dioxide-containing gas is compressed by the surface tension of
the water 7 in the water tank 11, whereby nanobubbles
(ultrafine bubbles) of the carbon dioxide-containing gas are
generated.
However, the nanobubble generator is not limited to the
ultra-fine hole type, but any suitable nanobubble generator
can be applied as long as it can generate nanobubbles of
carbon dioxide-containing gas.
[0036]
Step (ii) Further, in the water 7 stored in the water tub 11,
at least oxygen (at least oxygen-containing gas, that is,
oxygen-containing gas may be used and oxygen The content is
not particularly limited and may be, for example, within the
range of 1 to 100% by volume).
The second supply unit 15 may have any suitable configuration
capable of supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the water,
and may be a pressure bubbling type tube, a nozzle, etc. (Note
that in FIG. 1 (a) For the purpose of illustrating the supply
part 15, only the tip part thereof is schematically shown with
an open square).
[0037]
In this embodiment, an oxygen gas cylinder or the like is used
as the oxygen supply source 5, and oxygen gas (for example,
purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as an oxygen-containing
gas, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0038]
As a result, the water 7 supplied with at least oxygen (or
oxygen-containing gas, hereinafter the same) is pumped out by
the pump 21 to the withdrawn portion 17 of the water tub 11
(for the purpose of illustrating the extraction portion 17 in
FIG. 1A , Only the tip portion of which is schematically shown
by an open square) is drawn out through a line 19 and
transferred to the light irradiation unit 23.
The light irradiation unit 23 may be a light irradiation
device including a reaction tube 25 through which water
supplied with at least oxygen passes, and a light source 27
disposed in the vicinity thereof. A photocatalyst (not shown)
such as titanium oxide is charged and / or arranged in the
reaction tube 25, and is made of a material that can transmit
light irradiated from the light source 27 at least at a
portion where the photocatalyst is located. The light source
27 may be any one as long as it can irradiate a light beam
(for example, ultraviolet light, visible light, sunlight,
etc.) having an appropriate wavelength according to the
photocatalyst to be used. In the case of using titanium oxide
as the photocatalyst, the light source 27 may irradiate at
least a light beam having a wavelength in the ultraviolet
region, and a UV lamp and / or a black light may be used.
[0039]
In the light irradiator 23, light having at least oxygen
supplied thereto as described above is irradiated with light
from the light source 27 in the presence of the photocatalyst
while passing through the reaction tube 25, so that active
oxygen is generated. More specifically, oxygen becomes ozone,
and furthermore, it becomes active oxygen such as superoxide
anion radical (O 2 <->.), Hydroxyl radical (OH ·).
[0040]
As a result, the water 7 contains active oxygen and is
returned from the light irradiator 23 to the water tank 11
through the line 29. While supplying at least oxygen into the
water from the second supply unit 15 (oxygen-containing gas in
the present invention, oxygen gas in the present embodiment),
the pump 21 is operated and water containing oxygen is
discharged from the extraction portion 17 By drawing out and
circulating through the line 19, the light irradiation part
23, the line 29, and the water tub 11, it is possible to
obtain a sufficient active oxygen concentration.
[0041]
The position and quantity (or flow rate) of the
oxygen-containing gas supply from the second supply 15 can be
withdrawn from the draw-out 17 with a large part, preferably
substantially all, of the suction force of the pump 21 As
shown in FIG. In general, it is preferable to dispose the
second supply part 15 (the position of the oxygen-containing
gas supply) inside or in the vicinity of the withdrawal part
17 and supply the oxygen-containing gas therefrom in a
relatively small amount (small flow rate) . Although not
limited to this embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 1
(b), the tip portion (or supply port portion) of the second
supply portion 15 may be inserted into the opening portion of
the extraction portion 17 .
[0042]
Functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles (nanobubbles of carbon dioxide in the present
embodiment) and active oxygen in water can be obtained by the
above steps (i) and (ii). The order of carrying out steps (i)
and (ii) is not particularly limited, either which may be
carried out first or at the same time so as to overlap at
least partially.
[0043]
Step (b) Impact force is applied by mixing functional water
prepared as described above and a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound.
[0044]
The imparting of the impact force can be carried out by, for
example, a reaction unit as shown in FIG. 2 (a latter stage
portion of the hydrocarbon-based compound producing apparatus
in this embodiment).
2, the reaction unit 30 includes a first tank 31 that contains
functional water A containing water and carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen, and a second
tank 31 that contains a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound (hereinafter simply referred to as " A
reaction tank 41 for reacting the functional water A with a
liquid substance B containing a hydrocarbon compound, a second
tank 33 connected to the first tank 31 and the second tank 33
The supply line 37 is provided with a nozzle 39 disposed in
the reaction tank 41 at the tip portion thereof, and the
functional water A supplied from the first tank 31 and the
hydrocarbon supplied from the second tank 33 And a supply line
37 configured to apply an impact force by discharging the
liquid compound B and a liquid compound B containing the
compound compound in collision with the wall surface 41 a of
the reaction tank 41. The reaction unit 30 in the present
embodiment may further include a separation tank 45 for
separating the mixture to which the impact force extracted
from the reaction tank 41 is applied into a water phase and a
phase containing a hydrocarbon compound. , The reaction unit
30 is understood as a reaction and separation unit.
[0045]
First, the functional water prepared in step (a) is stored in
the first tank 31. The first tank 31 may be a separate
container from the water tub 11 in the functional water
producing unit 10 or may be the same.
[0046]
In the functional water A, it is preferable that the active
oxygen exists so that carbon dioxide present in the water can
be efficiently reduced. The concentration of active oxygen in
functional water can be represented schematically by dissolved
oxygen concentration. While the dissolved oxygen concentration
of ordinary water is about 8 ppm, the dissolved oxygen
concentration of functional water may be higher than this. The
functional water preferably has a dissolved oxygen
concentration of 10 ppm (or mg / L) or more. The upper limit
value of the dissolved oxygen concentration of functional
water is not particularly limited, but it may be, for example,
30 ppm or less, preferably 24 ppm or less. The dissolved
oxygen concentration of the functional water can be
appropriately selected according to specific embodiments and /
or conditions. In the case where the carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles are carbon dioxide nanobubbles as in this
embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the
functional water is preferably 21 ppm or more, for example 30
ppm or less, particularly 24 ppm or less, It is not limited
thereto.
[0047]
Further, in the functional water A, it is preferable that
carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are present as much as
possible (staying and / or dissolving) in water, but in actual
reaction conditions to be described later (how to use a liquid
material or an impact force to be used, etc.) For example. The
functional water A is acidic (less than pH 7) due to carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles staying and carbon dioxide
dissolving.
[0048]
On the other hand, the original oil B is stored in the second
tank 33. The crude oil is a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound, and as a hydrocarbon compound, a
compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, optionally having a
hetero atom and / or a functional group (aliphatic and / Or an
aromatic group, which may be saturated or unsaturated), as
long as it is liquid. Such hydrocarbon compounds include, for
example, at least one member selected from the group
consisting of saturated hydrocarbons having 5 to 27 carbon
atoms, in particular saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 25
carbon atoms, and light oil, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel
For example.
[0049]
Although the temperatures of the functional water A in the
first tank 31 and the original oil B in the second tank 33 are
not particularly limited, they are conveniently set to room
temperature (for example, 0 to 40 ° C., particularly 25 to 35
° C.) . Although not essential to this embodiment, the first
tank 31 and the second tank 33 may each include a temperature
controller 31 a and 33 a. The temperature controller may be a
temperature controller (such as a heater or the like in FIG.
2, which shows a throw-in type temperature regulator in the
example) disposed inside the tank, a jacket placed outside the
tank or A temperature controller such as a heater may be used.
In addition, the first tank 31 and the second tank 33 may be
equipped with a stirring system such as an impeller system, a
system using a fluid flow, or the like, in order to keep the
temperature of the stored materials in each tank homogeneous.
[0050]
Then, the functional water A from the first tank 11 and the
original oil B from the second tank 33 are supplied to the
reaction tank 41 through the supply line 37. The supply ratio
(mixing ratio) of the functional water and the base oil is not
particularly limited but may be, for example, 1: 99 to 99: 1
(volume basis, the same applies hereinafter). Generally
speaking, it is considered that the ratio of the functional
water and the original oil is closer to each other, the
contact efficiency is higher, and from this viewpoint, the
supply ratio (mixing ratio) of the functional water and the
raw oil is, for example, 40: 60, in particular about 50: 50.
As a result of the study of the inventors of the present
invention, it has been found that in order to make the
reaction more efficiently proceed in the present invention, it
is preferable that the proportion of the raw oil is higher
than that of the functional water, and from this viewpoint,
(Mixing ratio) may be, for example, 1: 99 to 49: 51, in
particular 20: 80 to 45: 55, more particularly 40: 60.
[0051]
The supply line 37 further includes a preliminary mixer 35 for
mixing in advance the functional water A supplied from the
first tank 31 and the original oil B supplied from the second
tank 33 before discharging from the nozzle 39 Good. As a
result, the functional water A and the original oil B can be
mixed in advance before applying the impact force, and the
functional water A and the original oil B can be discharged
from the nozzle 39 in a more uniform mixture state . However,
it should be noted that such a premixer 35 is not essential.
[0052]
In the present embodiment, the functional water A from the
first tank 31 and the original oil B from the second tank 33
are discharged together from the nozzle 39 provided at the tip
of the supply line 37, and are discharged from the reaction
tank 41 . The mixture of the functional water A and the
original oil B discharged from the nozzle 39 collides with the
wall surface (inner wall surface) 41 a of the reaction tank
41, whereby an impact force is applied.
[0053]
In the illustrated embodiment, the open end of the nozzle 39
is disposed so as to face a portion of the wall surface 41 a
of the reaction vessel 41 forming the inclined bottom surface,
but it is also possible to mix the functional water A and the
original oil B, It is not limited to such an embodiment as
long as it can be added.
[0054]
The nozzle 39 may have a straight shape or an orifice shape,
and / or may have a venturi structure in addition thereto / in
addition.
The hole diameter (orifice diameter in the case of having an
orifice shape) at the discharge port of the nozzle 39 can be
appropriately selected, but may be, for example, 0.1 to 10 mm.
[0055]
The discharge pressure from the nozzle 39 and the distance
between the nozzle 39 and the wall surface 41 a can be
appropriately set according to a desired impact force
(reaction efficiency). A pump 36 may be placed on the supply
line 37 to obtain an appropriate discharge pressure. The
discharge pressure at this time is, for example, 1 to 5 MPa,
in particular 1 to 3 MPa, more particularly 1 to 1.5 MPa
(gauge pressure in all) by the pump pressure (ignoring the
pressure loss of the pipe) obtain. Also, the distance between
the nozzle 39 and the wall surface 41 a may vary depending on
the apparatus scale.
[0056]
The atmosphere in the reaction vessel 41 is not particularly
limited, and may be air in a simple manner. The temperature in
the reaction vessel 41 may be conveniently room temperature,
but may be, for example, 0 to 70 ° C, particularly 10 to 50 °
C, more particularly 15 to 35 ° C. The pressure in the
reaction vessel 41 may conveniently be normal pressure (about
0.1 MPa), but may be, for example, 0.1 to 20 MPa, particularly
1 to 15 MPa (absolute pressure in any case). The reaction
vessel 41 may be open to the atmosphere or may be sealed.
[0057]
As described above, when the functional water A and the
original oil B are mixed and impact force is applied (or
vigorously mixed), a reaction for newly generating a
hydrocarbon compound progresses and an impact force is applied
The amount of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixed
mixture is higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound
contained in the liquid material containing the hydrocarbon
compound before the original (or before the reaction, even
before mixing).
[0058]
Then, according to the research by the inventors of the
present invention, it was found that the newly generated
hydrocarbon compound can vary depending on the hydrocarbon
compound contained in the original oil, and depending on the
reaction conditions, It has been confirmed that it can have
the same number of carbon atoms as the number of carbon atoms
of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the catalyst.
[0059]
Although the present invention is not bound by any theory,
this reaction is considered as follows.
As shown in the following formula (1a), active oxygen can
reduce carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, and the
produced carbon monoxide can produce hydrogen from water as
shown in the following formula (1b), and these Is represented
by the following formula (1) as a whole.
(1) CO 2 + H 2 O → CO + H 2 + O 2 (1) Further, in the presence
of active oxygen, a hydrocarbon compound represented by the
following formula (2) It is considered that the synthesis
reaction proceeds. (2 n + 1) H 2 + n CO → C n H 2 n + 2 + n H
2 O (2) These reactions are understood as efficiently
proceeding by mixing the functional water and the original oil
and applying an impact force (or vigorously mixing) .
[0060]
The new hydrocarbon-based compound can differ according to the
hydrocarbon-based compound contained in the original oil and
can have the same number of carbons as the reaction site
provided is crude oil Depending on the hydrocarbon compound
(in particular, the number of carbon atoms) contained in the
catalyst. It is considered that the hydrocarbon compound
itself contained in the original oil is not decomposed and /
or consumed by the reaction.
[0061]
Such reactions can proceed rapidly by the application of an
impact force. The reaction time (or the residence time in the
reaction tank 41) is, for example, 0.1 second to 10 minutes,
typically 1 second to 4 minutes, depending on the functional
water to be used, the original oil and the reaction conditions
and the like obtain.
[0062]
Then, the mixture to which the impact force is applied as
described above is withdrawn from the reaction vessel 41
through the extracting portion 41 b as a reaction mixture
containing the hydrocarbon compound generated by the reaction.
The reaction vessel 41 may have a lower structure for
receiving a mixture to which an impact force is applied and
may be discharged from the reaction vessel 41 immediately
after colliding with the wall face 41 a, but it is not limited
thereto.
[0063]
Although not essential to this embodiment, the reaction
mixture (mixture subjected to impact force) withdrawn from the
reaction tank 5 is transferred to a separation tank 45 through
a line 43, and a phase containing a hydrocarbon compound
(organic Phase) and an aqueous phase. The separation tank 45
may have any suitable configuration capable of phase
separation, and may be phase separated by using a stationary
vessel (settler), a centrifugal separator, a pulse column, or
the like. The phases including the hydrocarbon compound
separated from each other and the aqueous phase are discharged
from the separation tank 45 through lines 47 and 49,
respectively.
[0064]
The phase containing the hydrocarbon compound (hereinafter
also simply referred to as "new oil") obtained by this will
contain the hydrocarbon compound and the newly generated
hydrocarbon compound contained in the original oil . In other
words, the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in the fresh oil
will be higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon compound in
the original oil. In the case where the new oil and the
original oil are substantially composed of the hydrocarbon
compound, the amount of the new oil simply increases more than
the amount of the raw oil.
[0065]
The average carbon number of the hydrocarbon compound
contained in the new oil (in other words, the combination of
the hydrocarbon compound and the newly generated hydrocarbon
compound contained in the original oil) is included in the
original oil Depending on the average carbon number of the
hydrocarbon-based compound. For example, the average carbon
number of the hydrocarbon compound contained in the fresh oil
is substantially the same as the average carbon number of the
hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the
impact force is applied, which is included in the original oil
Based on the average number of carbon atoms of the
hydrocarbon-based compound which has been present. This
suggests that it is possible to control the hydrocarbon
compound (especially the carbon number) newly generated by the
reaction by selecting the hydrocarbon compound (especially
carbon number) of the original oil according to the desired
hydrocarbon compound doing. In the present invention, the
average carbon number means the number average carbon number,
and it can be measured by, for example, column chromatography,
gas chromatography, or the like.
[0066]
As described above, the hydrocarbon-based compound production
method of the present embodiment is carried out. The process
for producing a hydrocarbon compound of this embodiment can be
carried out continuously, and is thus suitable for large-scale
production of hydrocarbon compounds. However, the present
embodiment is not limited to this, and it may be carried out
in a batch manner.
[0067]
The fresh oil thus obtained is recovered as a liquid material
containing a hydrocarbon compound and can be used for any
purpose. A part of the new oil may be transferred to the
original oil tank 33 and used as the original oil. On the
other hand, a part or all of the aqueous phase may be used as
water in the functional water producing unit 10 as necessary,
or may be discarded after subjected to post-treatment as
necessary.
[0068]
(Embodiment 2) This embodiment is a modification of Embodiment
1 described above, and the description of Embodiment 1 is
similarly applied unless otherwise noted. (A) a step of
preparing carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles and functional
water containing active oxygen in water (front part, see FIG.
3), and (b) functional water and hydrocarbons Based compound
and a liquid material containing the compound (impact part)
(posterior part, see FIG. 2).
[0069]
Step (a) In this embodiment, the functional water can be
produced, for example, by a functional water production unit
as shown in FIG. 3 (front part of the hydrocarbon-based
compound production apparatus in this embodiment). 3 (a), the
functional water production unit 10 'includes a water tub 11
for containing water, a first supply unit 13 for supplying at
least carbon dioxide in water in the form of nanobubbles, at
least oxygen A second supply unit 15 for supplying carbon
dioxide into the water, a third supply unit 16 for supplying
carbon dioxide into the water, light irradiation for
irradiating light supplied with at least oxygen in the
presence of a photocatalyst to generate active oxygen Section
23 as shown in FIG.
[0070]
First, water 7 is supplied from a line 1 to a water tank 11.
[0071]
Step (i) Next, at least carbon dioxide (a gas containing at
least carbon dioxide, that is, a carbon dioxide-containing
gas) is supplied from the first supply part 13 connected to
the carbon dioxide supply source 3 'into the water 7 stored in
the water tank 11 ) In the form of nanobubbles.
[0072]
In the present embodiment, air (for example, a carbon dioxide
content of 0.03 to 0.04 vol%) is supplied in the form of
nanobubbles as a carbon dioxide-containing gas using an air
cylinder or the like as the carbon dioxide supply source 3 ' ,
And generate nanobubbles of air.
[0073]
Step (ii) Furthermore, at least carbon dioxide (carbon
dioxide-containing gas) is supplied from the third supply unit
16 connected to the carbon dioxide supply source 6 into the
water 7 stored in the water tank 11.
At least oxygen (oxygen-containing gas) is supplied from the
second supply unit 15 connected to the oxygen supply source 5
into the water 7 stored in the water tub 11.
The second supply unit 15 may be similar to that described
above in the first embodiment and the third supply unit 16 may
be of any appropriate configuration capable of supplying
carbon dioxide gas (or carbon dioxide-containing gas) (For the
purpose of illustrating the second supply unit 15 and the
third supply unit 16 in FIG. 3 (a), only the leading ends of
them are referred to as white It is shown schematically with a
square).
[0074]
In the present embodiment, an oxygen gas cylinder or the like
is used as the oxygen supply source 5, oxygen gas (for
example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is supplied as an
oxygen-containing gas, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder or the
like is used as the carbon dioxide supply source 6 , And
carbon dioxide gas (for example, purity of 99 vol% or more) is
supplied as the carbon dioxide-containing gas, but the present
invention is not limited thereto.
[0075]
The order of supplying the carbon dioxide-containing gas and
the oxygen-containing gas is not particularly limited, and as
long as functional water including active oxygen and carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles is appropriately used in step
(b), which one is first performed , Or they may be performed
at the same time so as to at least partially overlap.
Typically, first, a carbon dioxide-containing gas is supplied
into the water 7 from the third supply unit 13, and then the
oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the second supply unit
15 into the water 7.
[0076]
As a result, the water 7 supplied with at least oxygen and
carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide which is not in the form of
nanobubbles in addition to carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles) is pumped out by the pump 21 to a withdrawing
portion 17 of the water tub 11 (in FIG. 3 (a) , Only the
distal end portion thereof is schematically shown by an open
square for the purpose of illustrating the extracting portion
17) from the line 19 and is transferred to the light
irradiating portion 23.
[0077]
In the light irradiator 23, light supplied from the light
source 27 in the presence of the photocatalyst, while water
passing through the reaction tube 25 is supplied with at least
oxygen and carbon dioxide as described above, so that active
oxygen .
[0078]
As a result, the water 7 contains active oxygen and is
returned from the light irradiator 23 to the water tank 11
through the line 29.
While supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the water from
the second supply unit 15, the pump 21 is operated to withdraw
water containing oxygen from the extracting unit 17, leading
to the line 19, the light irradiation unit 23, the line 29 and
the water tub 11 By circulating, sufficient active oxygen
concentration can be obtained.
Meanwhile, even if the supply of the carbon dioxide-containing
gas from the third supply unit 16 into the water is being
performed, it may be stopped or terminated.
[0079]
The position and amount (or flow rate) of the
oxygen-containing gas supply from the second supply unit 15
and the position and amount (or flow rate) of the carbon
dioxide-containing gas supply from the third supply unit 16
are mostly, It is preferable that all of them are set so as to
be extracted together with water from the extracting portion
17 by the suction force of the pump 21.
Briefly, the second supply unit 15 (the position of the
oxygen-containing gas supply) and the third supply unit 16
(the position of the carbon dioxide-containing gas supply) are
disposed in the vicinity of or in the vicinity of the
withdrawal unit 17 and oxygen- And a carbon dioxide-containing
gas are supplied in a relatively small amount (small flow
rate). For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), each of the distal
ends (or supply ports) of the second supply unit 15 and the
third supply unit 16 is connected to the opening of the
extraction unit 17 It may be inserted into the part.
[0080]
Functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles (air nano bubbles in this embodiment) and active
oxygen in water can be obtained from the above steps (i) and
(ii). The order of carrying out steps (i) and (ii) is not
particularly limited, either which may be carried out first or
at the same time so as to overlap at least partially.
[0081]
Step (b) Impact force is applied by mixing functional water
prepared as described above and a liquid material containing a
hydrocarbon compound.
[0082]
The imparting of the impact force can be carried out in the
same manner as that described in Embodiment 1, for example, by
a reaction unit as shown in FIG. 2 (a latter stage portion of
the hydrocarbon-based compound producing apparatus in this
embodiment) it can.
[0083]
Also in the present embodiment, the functional water
preferably has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 10 ppm (or
mg / L) or more, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the
functional water depends on a specific embodiment and / or
condition And can be appropriately selected.
When the carbon dioxide-containing nanobubbles are air bubbles
as in this embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration of
the functional water is preferably 11 ppm or more, for example
20 ppm or less, especially 15 ppm or less, but in the present
invention .
[0084]
Also in the present embodiment, as in Embodiment 1, when the
functional water and the original oil are mixed and impact
force is applied (or intensively mixed), a reaction for newly
generating a hydrocarbon compound progresses , The amount of
the hydrocarbon compound contained in the mixture to which the
impact force is applied is larger than the amount of the
hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid material
containing the original hydrocarbon compound (or before the
reaction, even before mixing) To increase.
Besides, also in the present embodiment, the description of
the first embodiment applies in the same way.
[0085]
Although the method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon
compound in the two embodiments of the present invention have
been described above, various modifications are possible
within the scope of the present invention. For example, the
functional water containing carbon dioxide-containing
nanobubbles and active oxygen in water may be produced by
other suitable apparatus and method different from those
described with reference to FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, and the present
invention Of the hydrocarbon-based compound production
apparatus may not have a functional water production unit.
Also, for example, the manner in which the functional water
and the original oil are mixed and the impact force is applied
may be carried out by another suitable apparatus and method
different from those described with reference to FIG. 2. For
example, the functional water and the hydrocarbon compound may
be placed in a container and shocked to apply an impact force,
and even in such a case, the amount of the hydrocarbon
compound contained in the mixture to which the impact force is
applied Is higher than the amount of the hydrocarbon-based
compound contained in the liquid material containing the
original hydrocarbon-based compound by the research of the
present inventors.
[0086]
The method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon compound
of the present invention can be carried out with activated
water and carbon dioxide with a simple apparatus configuration
in an extremely short reaction time, so that it is safe And a
hydrocarbon compound can be easily synthesized. Furthermore,
in the present invention, since it is unnecessary to use
substances other than functional water containing carbon
dioxide-containing nanobubbles and active oxygen in water
besides the crude oil, the obtained new oil has high purity
and is refined And can be used as it is for arbitrary purposes
without requiring post-processing such as the post-processing.
The point that no post-treatment such as purification is
required contributes to lowering the production cost together
with the extremely short reaction time. When such a new oil is
used as a hydrocarbon-based fuel, problems due to combustion
products such as NOx and SOx can be reduced or eliminated.
[0087]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on
examples, and it is shown that fresh oil can be efficiently
produced from functional water and original oil under normal
temperature and normal pressure conditions.
[0088]
Example 1
In this example, a hydrocarbon compound was produced according
to Embodiment 1 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and
2.
[0089]
Functional water was prepared as follows.
First, ultrapure water was obtained by passing water through
an ultrapure water production system (manufactured by Organo
Corporation) equipped with a cation exchange column and an
anion exchange column.
In the functional water production unit 10 shown in FIG. 1,
100 L of this pure water was placed in the water tank 11, and
carbon dioxide gas was supplied at 500 mL / min at a rate of
500 mL / min by a nanobubble generator (manufactured by Nikken
Devices, Ltd.) as the first supply unit 13 for 2 hours Ie 60 L
in total). Thereafter, oxygen gas is supplied from the second
supply unit 15 to the water 7 obtained thereby at 50 to 100 mL
/ min, and an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp (GL-1, manufactured
by Panasonic Corporation) 40 4 W (254 nm)) and black light (FL
40 S BLB 40 W (315 to 400 nm, peak wavelength 352 nm,
manufactured by Toshiba Corporation)), the reaction tube 25
packed with titanium dioxide catalyst is circulated through
water 7 For 40 to 60 minutes (corresponding to 5 to 10
cycles). The dissolved oxygen concentration of the functional
water obtained by this was 21 ppm or more. (It should be noted
that the dissolved oxygen concentration of ordinary water such
as tap water is about 8 ppm. ）
[0090]
Next, using the functional water obtained above and light oil
as the original oil, these were mixed as described below and
impact force was applied. In the reaction unit 30 shown in
FIG. 2, the functional water A adjusted to a temperature
within the range of 25 to 35 ° C. and the original oil (diesel
oil in this embodiment) B are preliminarily mixed in the
premixer 35, and the pump 36 At a pump pressure of 1 to 1.5
MPa (gauge pressure), and discharged from a nozzle 39 having a
straight shape having a hole diameter of 5 mm, and caused to
collide with a wall surface 41 a separated from the nozzle 39
by about 20 to 30 cm. The mixing ratio of functional water and
light oil was 1: 1 (volume basis), and each was supplied at 10
L (that is, 20 L in total). The reaction vessel 41 was opened
to the air and made into an air atmosphere of normal
temperature and normal pressure. As a result, the mixture to
which the impact force is applied is quickly withdrawn from
the extracting portion 41 b at the bottom of the reaction
vessel 41 and allowed to stand in the separation tank 45 to
separate into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, .
[0091]
The obtained fresh oil (organic phase) was about 11 L and the
aqueous phase was about 9 L. About 11 L of new oil was
obtained for about 10 L of the original oil used, indicating
that the oil (liquid material of the hydrocarbon compound)
increased by about 10% by volume.
[0092]
The carbon number distribution of the hydrocarbon compound
containing gas oil and crude oil used as the raw oil and
analyzed by gas chromatographic analysis was investigated. The
results are shown in FIG. 3 (the symbol "n" indicates a
straight chain and the number next to the symbol "C" indicates
the carbon number). Fig. 3 (a) is the gas chromatograph
analysis result of light oil used as the original oil, and
Fig. 3 (b) is the gas chromatograph analysis result of fresh
oil obtained from this original oil. For gas chromatographic
analysis, GC-2010 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was
used.
[0093]
Comparing Fig. 3 (a) with Fig. 3 (b), both peaks are carbon
atoms 17 (nC 17), distributed in the range of about 9 to 25
carbon atoms, and show similar carbon number distributions .
Therefore, it was confirmed that a fresh oil having the same
composition as that of light oil was obtained when light oil
was used as the original oil.
[0094]
Furthermore, when kerosene is used as the original oil, a
fresh oil having the same composition as kerosene is obtained,
and when a saturated hydrocarbon compound represented by C15
H22 is used as the crude oil, the same composition . In both
cases, it was confirmed by the experiment of the present
inventors that the amount of fresh oil is increased as
compared with the original oil.
[0095]
Example 2
In this example, a hydrocarbon-based compound was produced
according to Embodiment 2 described above with reference to
FIGS. 3 and 2.
[0096]
Functional water was prepared as follows.
First, ultrapure water was obtained by passing water through
an ultrapure water production system (manufactured by Organo
Corporation) equipped with a cation exchange column and an
anion exchange column.
In the functional water production unit 10 'shown in FIG. 3,
50 L of this pure water was placed in the water tank 11, and
air (carbon dioxide content: about 0.03 vol% (carbon dioxide
content: about 0.03 vol) was supplied by a nanobubble
generator (manufactured by Nishiki Devices, %) Was fed at 600
mL / min for 1 hour. Thereafter, carbon dioxide gas was first
supplied at a rate of 600 mL / min for 30 minutes from the
third supply unit 16 into the water 7 obtained by this, then
oxygen gas was supplied from the second supply unit 15 at 150
mL / min for 5 minutes Supplied. While the supply of carbon
dioxide gas and supply of oxygen gas are being carried out, an
ultraviolet sterilizing lamp (GL-40 40W (254 nm) manufactured
by Panasonic Corporation) and black light ( A process of
circulating water through a reaction tube 25 packed with a
titanium dioxide catalyst under light irradiation using FL40S
BLB 40 W (315 to 400 nm, peak wavelength 352 nm) manufactured
by Toshiba Corporation was performed. The dissolved oxygen
concentration of the functional water thus obtained was 12 to
14 ppm.
[0097]
Next, using the functional water obtained above and light oil
as the original oil, these were mixed as described below and
impact force was applied. In the reaction unit 30 shown in
FIG. 2, the functional water A adjusted to a temperature
within the range of 25 to 35 ° C. and the original oil (diesel
oil in this embodiment) B are preliminarily mixed in the
premixer 35, and the pump 36 At a pump pressure of 1 to 1.5
MPa (gauge pressure), and discharged from a nozzle 39 having a
straight shape having a hole diameter of 5 mm, and caused to
collide with a wall surface 41 a separated from the nozzle 39
by about 20 to 30 cm. The mixing ratio of functional water and
light oil was as shown in Table 1, and a total of 20 L of
these was supplied. The reaction vessel 41 was opened to the
air and made into an air atmosphere of normal temperature and
normal pressure. As a result, the mixture to which the impact
force is applied is quickly withdrawn from the extracting
portion 41 b at the bottom of the reaction vessel 41 and
allowed to stand in the separation tank 45 to separate into an
organic phase and an aqueous phase, . The rate of increase of
oil (liquid substance of hydrocarbon compound) was determined
from the amount of used oil and the amount of recovered fresh
oil. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0098]
[0099]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a
hydrocarbon compound can be produced easily and in a simple
manner at low cost, and the hydrocarbon compound obtained by
this can be used as, for example, a hydrocarbon fuel, It is
expected to contribute to solving energy problems.
[0100]
1, 19, 29 Lines 3, 3 ', 6 Carbon dioxide supply source 5
Oxygen supply source 7 Water (functional water) 10, 10'
Functional water production unit 11 Aquarium 13 First supply
unit (nanobubble generator) 15 Second supply Part 16 a third
supply part 17 withdrawal part 21 pump 23 light irradiation
part (light irradiation apparatus) 25 reaction tube 27 light
source 30 reaction unit (apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon
compound) 31 first tank 31 a temperature adjuster 33 second
tank 33 a Temperature adjuster 35 Premixer 36 Pump 37 Supply
line 39 Nozzle 41 Reaction tank 41 a Wall surface 41 b
Extraction section 43, 47, 49 Line 45 Separation tank A
Function Water B Liquid containing a hydrocarbon compound.
