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Walter J. KILNER
Aura Lens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_John_Kilner
Walter John Kilner
Walter John Kilner, M.D. B.A., M.B. (Cantab.) M.R.C.P., etc.
(1847–1920) was a medical electrician at St. Thomas Hospital,
London. There, from 1879 to 1893, he was in charge of
electrotherapy. He was also in private medical practice, in
Ladbroke Grove, London.
He wrote papers on a range of subjects but is today best
remembered for his late study The Human Atmosphere. In 1883 he
became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians. In his spare
time he was a keen chess player.
The Human Atmosphere
In 1911 Kilner published one of the first western medical studies
of the "Human Atmosphere" or Aura, proposing its existence, nature
and possible use in medical diagnosis and prognosis. In its
conviction that the human energy field is an indicator of health
and mood, Kilner's study resembles the later work of Harold Saxton
Burr. However, while Burr relied upon voltmeter readings, Kilner,
working before the advent of semiconductor technology, attempted
to invent devices by which the naked eye might be trained to
observe "auric" activity which, he hypothesised, was probably
ultraviolet radiation, stating that the phenomena he saw were not
affected by electromagnets.[1]
Glass slides or "Kilner Screens"[2] containing alcoholic solutions
of variously coloured dyes, including a blue coal-tar dye called
"dicyanin" were used as filters in "Kilner Goggles" which,
together with lights, were held to train the eyes to perceive
electromagnetic radiation outside the normal spectrum of visible
light.[3] After being so trained, one could dispense with the
apparatus. Kilner did not recommend merely viewing the subject
through these lenses.
According to his study, Kilner and his associates were able, on
many occasions, to perceive auric formations, which he called the
Etheric Double, the Inner Aura and the Outer Aura, extending
several inches from patients' naked bodies, and his book gave
instructions by which the reader might construct and use similar
goggles.[1]
Francis J. Rebman, a friend of Kilner supported his research in
America.[4]
A drawback to Kilner's method was the scarcity and toxicity of the
chemicals he recommended. Later, the biologist Oscar Bagnall[5]
recommended substituting the dye pinacyanol (dissolved in
triethanolamine) but this dye is also not easy to obtain. Carl
Edwin Lindgren has stated that cobalt blue and purple glass may be
substituted for the dyes used by Kilner and Bagnall.[6]
In 1920 a revised edition of his book was published under the
title The Human Aura. Kilner's work was well-timed for the heyday
of Theosophy and his findings were incorporated into Arthur E.
Powell's book The Etheric Double.[7] Powell rightly made clear
that Kilner had expressly differentiated between his own work and
the clairvoyance and eastern systems of spiritualism.
Critical reception
In the British Medical Journal (BMJ) a review for Kilner's
research stated that although Kilner contended the aura is a
"purely physical phenomenon", evidence does not support this view.
Scientists from the BMJ attempted to replicate Kilner's
experiments but the results were negative. The review concluded
that "Dr. Kilner has failed to convince us that his "aura" is more
real than Macbeth's visionary dagger."[8]
American scholar J. Gordon Melton has written:
"Kilner's research was largely dismissed by later researchers on
light and perception, and the results he reported were seen as
artifacts of the observer's own optic process rather than
reflective of any emanation being produced by the subject being
observed. These findings did not prevent the marketing of Kilner
goggles, advertisements for which appeared in Esoteric periodicals
as late as the 1970s." [9]
Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has described Kilner's research
as pseudoscience, noting that he "uncritically accepted the
validity of non-existent N-rays and clairvoyant powers."[10]
References
Kilner, Walter J., The Human Atmosphere, or the Aura Made Visible
by the aid of Chemical Screens, 1911, reprinted as "The Human
Aura" by Citadel Press, NY, 1965, ISBN 0-8065-0545
The Aura, by Walter J. Kilner. Introd. by Sibyl Ferguson. New
York, S. Weiser, 1973.
Raymond J. Corsini The Dictionary of Psychology, Psychology Press
1999 p.524
Williams, William F. (2002). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From
Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Facts on File Inc. pp. 176-177.
ISBN 978-0816050802
The Daily Journal-Gazette from Mattoon, Illinois. August 19, 1911.
p. 3. Rebman published a booklet on the subject The Human Aura: A
Brief Explication of Dr. Kilner's Discovery of Means for Observing
the Human Atmosphere. (1912).
Bagnall, Oscar. (1937). The Origin and Properties of the Human
Aura. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company.
Lindgren, Carl Edwin. (2005). Capturing the Aura. Blue Dolphin
Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-1577330721
Powell, Arthur E. (1925). The Etheric Double and Allied Phenomena.
Theosophical Publishing House.
The Human Atmosphere by Walter J. Kilner. British Medical Journal.
Vol. 1, No. 2662 (Jan. 6, 1912), pp. 21-22.
Melton, J. Gordon. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Religious
Phenomena. Visible Ink. p. 17. ISBN 978-1578592098
Nickell, Joe. (1993). Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons,
Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures. Prometheus Books.
pp. 210-211. ISBN 1-57392-680-9
http://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/tha/index.htm
http://www.mysticknowledge.org/The_Human_Atmosphere_By_Walter_J_Kilner.pdf
The Human Atmosphere
by Walter J. Kilner

THE AURA OF HEALTHY PERSONS // THE ETHERIC DOUBLE // THE INNER
AURA // OPTICAL PROBLEMS // THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT FORCES
UPON THE AURA // COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS // THE OUTER AURA IN
DISEASE // THE INNER AURA IN DISEASE // THE USE OF THE
COMPLEMENTARY COLOURED BANDS IN DISEASE // THE AURA DURING
PREGNANCY
https://books.google.com/books?id=SmU3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=make+dicyanin+dye&source=bl&ots=Uv_18RUIKS&sig=ACfU3U2OZx_QsfU1PKKEZvPKz_vb-0-1tg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje5dL0s8jnAhU6CjQIHS3BBig4ChDoATAJegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=make%20dicyanin%20dye&f=false
New Science and Invention in Pictures ( 1921 )
The Human Aura
by Hugo Gernsbach
https://books.google.com/books?id=CTKViOzOQ5UC&pg=PA491&lpg=PA491&dq=make+dicyanin+dye&source=bl&ots=zPYoPJHAB9&sig=ACfU3U3P42U9yg3GtDIV6Kgj5ec0iGEVvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSoMGKtMjnAhXS7Z4KHZFwAAU4FBDoATADegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=make%20dicyanin%20dye&f=false
Application of Dicyanin to the Photography
of Stellar Spectra
By Paul Willard Merrill



US4186144
Process for the production of cyanopinacolone
https://mindmachine.ru/catalog/en/Stalker/
Glasses PranaVision Stalker
Glasses vision of aura and subtle world.
Adjustment of the spectrum can be done in two ways:
1. Loosening the screws on the side of the eyepieces, to carry out
the rotation of the eyepieces of glasses with handles.
2. Fixing the eyepiece in the selected position, make small
movements of the head in the up-down direction.
The differences between models and Econom Stalker type lenses -
they work on the uptake and lighter for street lighting. The main
distinguishing feature of the model Stalker is the ability to
adjust the spectrum of the blocking of the incoming light. The
ability to adjust the spectrum was made possible by changing the
angle of incidence to the surface with special reflective
filters...
The ability to adjust the spectrum from blue to violet and red,
while maintaining the bandwidth of the optical filter in the
ultraviolet region, gives spectra almost all the range of dyes
used for seeing auras and energies of the subtle world. For
example, one of the most effective dyes dicyanin, corresponds to
the 90° angle of incidence on the filter surface.
https://hatch.kookscience.com/wiki/Dicyanin_(synthetic_dye)
Dicyanin (synthetic dye)
Dicyanin is a synthetic blue dye derived from coal tar that
was used for sensitizing photographic plates, first manufactured
in the early twentieth century by the dye works of Meister, Lucius
& Brüning at Höchst (near Frankfurt), Germany. It became
associated with auric research thanks to the experiments of Walter
J. Kilner, who used the dye (which he also referred to as
spectauranine) in the manufacture of his Kilner screens.
Preparation
In Dyestuffs & Coal-Tar Products (1915), the authors —
Beacall, Martin, et. al. — relate that the dicyanin is a quinoline
dye of the cyanine type, reporting it is "prepared by action of
KOH [potassium hydroxide] + atmospheric O [oxygen] on
α-γ-Dimethylquinolinium salts," for intended use as a sensitiser
of "silver bromide gelatine plates up to the red line α, with a
strong minimal effect between E and F," specifically noting it is
"used as a red sensitiser for scientific work, but the prepared
plates are not very sensitive."[1]
Later, in Constitution of the Dicyanines (1924), Mills and Odams
demonstrated dicyanine is a carbocyanin, giving a formula of
2,4-dimethylquinoline iodoethylate and sodium methylate in
methanol[2] (for 1,1'-diethyl-2,4'-carbocyanine iodide).[3]
Studies
Kenneth, C. E.; Wratten, S. H. (January
1908), "Plates Sensitised with Dicyanin and Photography of the
Infra Red", The Photographic Journal (London: Royal Photographic
Society of Great Britain) 32 (1): 25-37
Kilner, Walter J. (February 1912), "The
Shifting of the Chromatic Focus of the Eye by Use of a Dicyanin
Screen", Archives of the Roentgen Ray (London: Rebman) 16 (9):
344-346, 351-353
Merrill, Paul W. (April 1919), "Application of
Dicyanin to the Photography of Stellar Spectra", Bulletin of the
Bureau of Standards (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce) 14
(4): 487-505
Walters, Jr., Francis M.; Davis, Raymond
(1922), Dicyanin, "Studies in Color Sensitive Photographic Plates
and Methods of Sensitizing by Bathing", Scientific Papers of the
Bureau of Standards (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce) 17
(422): 366-367
References
Beacall, Thomas; Sand, H. Julius; Martin, Geoffrey;
Challenger, F. (1915), "Photographic Chemicals: Quinoline Dyes",
Dyestuffs & Coal-Tar Products: Their Chemistry, Manufacture
and Application; including Chapters on Modern Inks, Photographic
Chemicals, Synthetic Drugs, Sweetening Chemicals, and Other
Products Derived from Coal Tar, London: C. Lockwood & Son, p.
139
Mills, William Hobson; Odams, Ronald Charles (1924), "The Cyanine
Dyes, Part VIII. Synthesis of a 2:4'-Carbocyanine. Constitution of
the Dicyanines", Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions
125: 1913-1921
https://www.docdroid.net/QTjMOAb/synthesis-of-dicyanine-a-palkin1923.pdf
The Synthesis of Dicyanine A
By S. Palkin
https://www.docdroid.net/CLKqqz7/dicyanine-a-mikeska1920.pdf
Synthesis of Photosensitizing Dyes ( II ),
Dicyanine A\
A. Mikeska, et al.
https://www.docdroid.net/mGviJux/tetramethylquinolines-mikeska1920.pdf
TetraMethyl-Quinolines
L.A.. Mikeska, E. Adams
Cyanopinacolone &
Cyanogen Preparation Patents
CA1093097A
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYANOPINACOLONE
Abstract
Cyanopinacolone is produced by reacting pinacolone with about
1.0 to about 1.2 molar equivalents of chlorine in methanol and
further reacting the resulting monochloropinacolone with about 1.0
to about 1.2 molar equivalents of an alkali metal cyanide in
methanol.
US5017356A
Preparation of cyanogen from glyoxime
Abstract
Cyanogen is prepared from glyoxime by reaction with acetic
anhydride to form N,N'-diacetoxyglyoxime which is then pyrolyzed
to cyanogen.
NL7105148A
Cyanogen preparation
Abstract
Cyanogen is produced by catalytic oxidation of HCN according to BE
764361 by oxidation with H2O2 in the presence of CuSO4 with or
without ferric sulphate. The ferric sulphate may be prepared in
situ by the reaction of H2O2 with ferrous sulphate. The Cu++ or
Fe+++ ions may be recovered by precipitation with alkaline or
alkaline-earth carbonates in the cyanogen-free reaction-soln. The
cyanogen-free catalytic soln. may be recycled to the reaction step
after the water introduced with the H2O2 has been distilled off.
BE766248R
Cyanogen preparation
Abstract
Cyanogen is produced by catalytic oxidation of HCN according to BE
764361 by oxidation with H2O2 in the presence of CuSO4 with or
without ferric sulphate. The ferric sulphate may be prepared in
situ by the reaction of H2O2 with ferrous sulphate. The Cu++ or
Fe+++ ions may be recovered by precipitation with alkaline or
alkaline-earth carbonates in the cyanogen-free reaction-soln. The
cyanogen-free catalytic soln. may be recycled to the reaction step
after the water introduced with the H2O2 has been distilled off.
US4503025A
Process for preparing dicyanogen
Abstract
Dicyanogen is prepared by reacting trimethylsilyl cyanide with
cyanogen halides in the presence of Lewis acids.
JPH07315831A
METHOD FOR PREPARING AMMONIA-FREE CYANOGEN GAS
Abstract
PURPOSE:To surely trap ammonia and to obtain an ammonia-free
cyanogen gas by a simple procedure, by treating a
cyanogen-containing mixed gas blended with an ammonia gas by an
acidic ion exchange resin. CONSTITUTION:A cyanogen-containing
mixed gas blended with an ammonia gas is led to a container
charged with an acidic ion exchange resin and passed through the
container so that the mixed ammonia gas is caught by the ion
exchange resin to give an ammonia-free cyanogen gas. This method
is applicable to the case of <11>C labeled
cyanide-containing gas in which the cyanogencontaining mixed gas
is formed from <11>C labeled methane.
GB579785A
Production of cyanogen
Abstract
Cyanogen is obtained by reacting hydrocyanic acid with chlorine or
cyanogen chloride in the vapour phase at an elevated temperature.
The reaction may be effected in an empty glass or quartz tube
having smooth walls at a temperature not lower than 600-700‹ C.,
or in a reaction chamber packed with inert solids, but preferably,
the reaction mixture is passed over a surface-active material at a
temperature of 200- 1,000‹ C. Suitable surface-active materials
are active carbon or silica gel. If the reaction is conducted
under essentially adiabatic conditions, the gases are fed to the
reaction vessel at temperatures suitably below the final reaction
temperature, yet high enough to initiate the reaction. Preferably
when operating adiabatically the reaction mixture is diluted with
partially cooled off gas from the reaction chamber, thus recycling
part of the product. The hydrocyanic acid may be employed in
slight stoichiometrical excess. The offgas is cooled, scrubbed
with water to remove hydrochloric acid as a concentrated solution
and dried. Finally, the cyanogen may be purified from its slight
content of hydrocyanic acid by rectification.
GB1306528A
PRODUCTION OF CYANOGEN
Abstract
Cyanogen is obtained by initially reacting HCN and C1 2 on a
surface active catalyst (i.e. carbon) and then treating the gas
mixture still containing HCN with 1À0 to 1À1 mols of Cl 2 per mol
of HCN on a surface active catalyst at 195-800‹ C. for 10 seconds
to 0À01 second. In a preferred embodiment the initial stage is
carried out in two steps. In the first step the HCN and Cl 2 are
reacted in a mole ratio of 1 : 1 or less and a residence time of
greater than 10-3 second and the residual amount of HCN required
to use up the excess Cl 2 is directly introduced to the second
reactor together with the gas mixture from the first reactor.
CN206566534U
Neighbour's cyanogen stills
Abstract
The utility model discloses a neighbour's cyanogen stills,
including barrel, agitator, thermowell, cover and speed reducer,
be equipped with the cover directly over the barrel, the cover
passes through sealing device with the barrel to be connected, and
the agitator upper end links to each other with the speed reducer,
and the lower extreme passes through the cover trompil and extends
to go into inside the barrel, thermowell open position extends to
go into inside the barrel in barrel upper end, thermowell, then,
the utility model discloses stills distillation heat transfer even
speed is fast, and distillation efficiency is high, from having
saved the resource to a certain extent, and be difficult to the
scale deposit in the cauldron, the time of not only having
protected the cauldron body but also having avoided the clearance
to cause is extravagant.
GB845471A
Method of preparing cyanogen
Abstract
A gaseous mixture of HCN and Cl2 is ignited in the presence of H2
at at least 1200 DEG C. to form cyanogen which is subsequently
recovered. Cl2, HCN and H2 in molar ratio 1:1.5-2.0:0.25-2.0
respectively, preheated if desired to 200 DEG C.-600 DEG C. are
supplied either separately or variously premixed e.g. HCN and Cl2
may be premixed to a burner, where they p are ignited either by an
oxy-hydrogen torch, an electric spark or a heated Pt wire, and
burn at a temperature of at least 1200 DEG C. usually 1200-1800
DEG C. Combustion products containing cyanogen formed in a
reaction time of 0.001-0.00001 seconds are removed from the burner
and passed say through a water scrubber to remove acidic and other
impurities, cyanogen being recovered as the resultant purified
gas. The combustion may be carried out in the presence of an inert
gas e.g. N2 or He and preheating of the separate gases or gaseous
mixture is obtained either by heat exchange with the combustion
products leaving the burner or by independent electrical heating.
JP2000178779A
PRODUCTION OF CYANOGEN
Abstract
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a conversion rate by
electrolytically oxidizing cyan ion in a cyan ion-containing
solution buffered to a specific pH range. SOLUTION: The
cyan-containing solution is buffered with a buffer such as
phosphoric acid/boric acid/acetic acid/sodium hydroxide or the
like to pH 4-7. As the cyan ion source, a metallic cyanide such as
sodium cyanide generating cyan ion by dissolving in water is used
and the cyan ion concentration in the solution is controlled to
0.01-10 mol%. A redox active metallic ion such as Cu ion, iron ion
is further incorporated in the cyan-containing solution. A
titanium electrode coated with a noble metal oxide or various
kinds of carbon electrodes are used as the electrode material of
the anode and the cathode. The electrolytic reaction is performed
usually under a condition of a fixed current and a fixed voltage
at 0.1-500 mA/cm2 current density and room temp. to 100 deg.C.
Gaseous nitrogen or the like is passed through the electrolyte and
the electrolytic cell as many small bubbles and the generated
cyanogen is carried to the outside of the system.
GB1338025A
PRODUCTION OF CYANOGEN
Abstract
Cyanogen is produced by catalytic oxidation of HCN with H 2 O 2 in
the presence of CuBr 2 , CuCl 2 , Cu(CN) 2 , Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , or CuSO
4 . Fe3+ salts may also be present, with anions corresponding to
the Cu salt (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 may be formed in situ from FeSO 4 ).
The HCN may be used as a gas, liquid or aqueous solution, and the
H 2 O 2 as a 3-90% aqueous solution or as an organic solution. The
temperature may be 0-100‹ C. and the pressure 1-5 atm. An organic
solvent, e.g. tetramethylene sulphone, ethyl acetate or n-propyl
acetate, may be present. The process may be operated continuously,
the catalyst solution being distilled to remove water and
recycled, any HCN and CN evolved during distillation also being
recycled. Alternatively, the solution, optionally after
distillation, may be treated with alkali metal or alkaline earth
metal carbonate, e.g. CaCo 3 , to precipitate Cu and Fe carbonates
which may then be converted, e.g. into sulphates with H 2 SO 4 ,
and recycled. CNCl is formed as by-product in Examples 6 and 7.
US3302996A
Process for preparing cyanogen
CA186179A
CYANOGEN PRODUCTION
US2075046A
Photographic emulsion containing supersensitized pinacyanol