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Paul STAMETS
Mycology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Stamets
Paul Stamets
Paul Edward Stamets (born July 17, 1955) is an American mycologist
and entrepreneur who sells various mushroom products through his
company. He is an author and advocate of medicinal fungi and
mycoremediation.
https://paulstamets.com/
https://www.youtube.com/user/paulstamets
Paul Stamets' YouTube Channel
https://fungi.com
http://cordycepsreishiextracts.com/
Cordyceps
Reishi Extracts, LLC
Fungi Perfecti Mushrooms, Better for You : Ling Zhi
... Ganoderma lucidum ... Ganoderma
Extract ... Cordyceps Extract
Expert cultivation and extraction - triad of extraction methods -
hot water extraction, alcohol extraction and fermentation -
guarantees highest concentration and availability of full range of
active compounds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=XI5frPV58tY&feature=emb_logo
6 ways mushrooms can save the world
Mycologist Paul Stamets studies the mycelium -- and lists 6 ways
that this astonishing fungus can help save the world.
https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_stamets
Paul Stamets Mycologist
Paul Stamets believes that mushrooms can save our lives, restore
our ecosystems and transform other worlds.
Entrepreneurial mycologist Paul Stamets seeks to rescue the study
of mushrooms from forest gourmets and psychedelic warlords. The
focus of Stamets' research is the Northwest's native fungal
genome, mycelium, but along the way he has filed 22 patents for
mushroom-related technologies, including pesticidal fungi that
trick insects into eating them, and mushrooms that can break down
the neurotoxins used in nerve gas.
There are cosmic implications as well. Stamets believes we could
terraform other worlds in our galaxy by sowing a mix of fungal
spores and other seeds to create an ecological footprint on a new
planet.
Books
Fantastic Fungi: How Mushrooms Can Heal, Shift Consciousness
& Save the Planet (2019, ISBN 1683837045,
978-1683837046)
Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World (2005,
ISBN 1-58008-579-2)
Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World (1996, ISBN
0-89815-839-7)
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms (1996, ISBN
1-58008-175-4)
Psilocybe Mushrooms & Their Allies (1978),
Homestead Book Company, ISBN 0-930180-03-8
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-019-2681-7
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 19,
Article number: 342 (2019)
2 December 2019
The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor
(Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show
potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro
Kathleen F. Benson, et al.
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (Tv, Turkey Tail)
is often prepared for consumption as a powder from the fungal
mycelium and the fermented substrate on which it grew. The goal
for this study was to evaluate the immune-modulating properties of
the mycelium versus the fermented substrate, to document whether
an important part of the immune-activating effects resides in the
metabolically fermented substrate.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that the immune-activating
bioactivity of a mycelial-based medicinal mushroom preparation is
a combination of the mycelium itself (including insoluble
beta-glucans, and also water-soluble components), and the highly
bioactive, metabolically fermented substrate, not present in the
initial substrate.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32194-8)
Scientific Reports volume 8, Article number: 13936 (2018)
4 October 2018
Extracts of Polypore Mushroom Mycelia
Reduce Viruses in Honey Bees
Paul E. Stamets, et al.
Abstract
Waves of highly infectious viruses sweeping through global
honey bee populations have contributed to recent declines in honey
bee health. Bees have been observed foraging on mushroom mycelium,
suggesting that they may be deriving medicinal or nutritional
value from fungi. Fungi are known to produce a wide array of
chemicals with antimicrobial activity, including compounds active
against bacteria, other fungi, or viruses. We tested extracts from
the mycelium of multiple polypore fungal species known to have
antiviral properties. Extracts from amadou (Fomes) and reishi
(Ganoderma) fungi reduced the levels of honey bee deformed wing
virus (DWV) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV) in a dose-dependent manner.
In field trials, colonies fed Ganoderma resinaceum extract
exhibited a 79-fold reduction in DWV and a 45,000-fold reduction
in LSV compared to control colonies. These findings indicate honey
bees may gain health benefits from fungi and their antimicrobial
compounds.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857414002250
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.05.016
Removal of Escherichia coli from synthetic
stormwater using mycofiltration
Alex Taylor, et al.
Abstract
Pathogens from nonpoint sources are the leading cause of water
quality impairments in US surface waters. This study assessed the
capacity of basidiomycetous fungal mycelium on cellulosic
substrates to remove Escherichia coli from synthetic stormwater
under unsaturated vertical-flow conditions. The mycelium of
Stropharia rugoso-annulata was tested in mycofiltration columns
consisting of 18.6 L containers with mycelium grown on either wood
chips or a mixture of wood chips and straw. S. rugoso-annulata
mycofiltration columns were loaded with water spiked with 600–900
cfu/100 mL of E. coli at low (0.5 L/min; 0.57 m/d) and high (2.2
L/min; 2.5 m/d) hydraulic loading. Influent and effluent were
monitored for thermotolerant coliform and E. coli using the
Coliscan membrane filter chromogenic method. Alder wood chips
infused with S. rugoso-annulata mycelium yielded a removal rate of
around 20% relative to control filters. Wood chip and straw media
appeared less effective with substantial net export of bacteria
from both mycelium-infused and un-inoculated control media. The
un-inoculated control media used in this study commonly exported
high concentrations of thermotolerant coliform bacteria. On wood
chip-based media, the presence of actively growing mycelium
reduced the thermotolerant coliform exports by >90% relative to
the control media. The study highlights the limitations of using
thermotolerant coliform to assess pathogen removal in cellulose
rich ecotechnologies like mycofiltration.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314826775_Biological_and_chemical_evaluation_of_anti-TB_coumarins_from_the_polypore_mushroom_Fomitopsis_officinalis
Planta Medica 78(11) July 2012
Biological and chemical evaluation of
anti-TB coumarins from the polypore mushroom, Fomitopsis
officinalis
Changhwa Hwang, et al.
Abstract
Two naturally occurring chlorinated coumarins,
6-chloro-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one (1) and ethyl
6-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-3-carboxylate (2), were
isolated from the EtOH extract of the polypore mushroom,
Fomitopsis officinalis. The structures of 1 and 2 were deduced
spectroscopically and confirmed by chemical synthesis. In
addition, analogues of the coumarins were synthesized as
7-chloro-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one (3) and ethyl
7-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-3-carboxylate (4), and 1-4 were
physicochemically characterized. An extensive assessment of their
antimicrobial activities indicated that 2 - 4 display specific
activity against both replicating and non-replicating
Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as M. tuberculosis isolates
with mono-resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin,
kanamycin, or cycloserine, with MICs from 22 to 50 µg/ml.
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-11-60
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 11,
Article number: 60 (2011)
Antihyperlipidemic effects of Pleurotus
ostreatus (oyster mushrooms) in HIV-infected individuals
taking antiretroviral therapy
Donald I Abrams, et al.
Abstract
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens in HIV patients
commonly cause significant lipid elevations, including increases
in both triglycerides and cholesterol. Standard treatments for
hypercholesterolemia include the HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or
"statins." Because many ART agents and statins share a common
metabolic pathway that uses the cytochrome P450 enzyme system,
coadministration of ART with statins could increase statin plasma
levels significantly. The oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus,
has been shown in animal models to decrease lipid levels - a
finding that has been supported by preliminary data in a small
human trial.
http://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/708ae68d64b17c52,0d0f121956dd501b,0a3878105512f782.html
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, pages 495-506
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v7.i3.60
Antipox Properties of Fomitopsis
officinalis (Vill.: Fr.) Bond. et Singer (Agarikon) from the
Pacific Northwest of North AmericaPaul E. Stamets
ABSTRACT
Polypore mushrooms have been used medicinally for thousands of
years. The Greek physician Dioscorides first described the use of
Fomitopsis officinalis, a wood conk (or agarikon), as a treatment
against consumption in 65 AD. Its use as a topical
anti-inflammatory agent also spans millennia. Other wood conks
such as Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Chi or Reishi) have had a
similarly long history of use in Asia. In the past 20 years, wood
conks continue to be carefully explored for their immunomodulating
and anticancer properties. More recently, mushrooms, including
polypores, have been and are being explored for their
antimicrobial properties. Of more than 200,000 pharmaceutical and
natural products analyzed, and subsequent to the authors’
submitting more than 100 in vitro cultures of mushrooms to the US
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in
coordination with the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and
the US Defense Department (DOD)’s Bioshield BioDefense program,
several tests show that the author's extracts of cultures
originating from rare “old growth” polypore mushrooms demonstrated
strong antiviral activity. Within verdant natural landscapes,
trees hundreds of years old host ancestral strains of these
elusive mushroom species. Species that are now rare, or in some
cases thought to be extinct, still reside in the pristine old
growth forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. When
clones from these mushrooms were grown in vitro and submitted for
antiviral screening, several mycelial cultures produced
antimicrobial agents effective against pox and other viruses.
Notably, strains vary in their antiviral properties. Our mushroom
genomes hold within them great potentials for staving off disease
and barely have been explored. The fungal diversity within these
genomes may prove critical for isolating the most active strains,
similar to the lessons learned from the isolation of Penicillium
chrysogenum strains that lead to the commercialization of
penicillin, subsequently saving millions of lives. With
deforestation, pollution, and industrialization, societies should
reevaluate the importance of their natural forests in the context
that they hold within them novel medicines of enormous
socioeconomic and national defense importance.
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 2, 2000
Issue 2
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v2.i2
Techniques for the Cultivation of the
Medicinal Mushroom Royal Sun Agaricus-Agaricus blazei Murr.
(Agaricomycetideae)
Paul E. Stamets
ABSTRACT
The cultivation of the Royal Sun Agaricus or Agaricus blazei
Murr. is discussed in detail. The particular temperature, humidity
and environmental requirements are delineated, accompanied by
recommended strategies for crop management. Fruitbodies grown from
the same culture on sterilized sawdust have light pilei whereas
fruitbodies grown from fermented manure-based compost have dark
brown pilei, suggesting that substrate composition affects
pigmentation during the expression of the fruitbody. Since cap
pigmentation has been used as a taxonomic feature of some
importance in the genus Agaricus, this study raises concerns about
its taxonomic significance. The medicinal properties of this
mushroom and its potential application in recycling are discussed.
Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014 Feb; 13(1): 46–47.
PMCID: PMC4684114
PMID: 26770081
Medicinal Mushrooms: Ancient Remedies Meet
Modern Science
Paul Stamets, DSc and Heather Zwickey, PhD
Patents
US2012070414 [ PDF ] //
US2013287829
Controlling disease vectors from insects and arthropods using
preconidial mycelium and extracts of preconidial mycelium from
entomopathogenic fungi
Abstract
The present invention utilizes extracts of the pre-sporulation
(preconidial) mycelial stage of entomopathogenic fungi as insect
and arthropod attractants and/or pathogens and can be employed to
limit the zoonotic and plant diseases they transmit. The fungus
can be cultivated on grain, wood, agricultural wastes or other
cellulosic material and extracts can be made thereof. More than
one fungus and substrate can be used in combination with one or
more antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, or genetically
modified agents that result in reduced spread of contagions and
lessens the damage they inflict on animals and plants.
US2009047236 [ PDF ] //
AU2001296679
Mycoattractants and mycopesticides
Abstract
The present invention utilizes extracts of the pre-sporulation
(preconidial) mycelial stage of entomopathogenic fungi as insect
attractants and/or pathogens. The fungus can be cultivated on
grain, wood, agricultural wastes or other cellulosic material.
More than one fungus and substrate can be used in combination.
US2005276815 [ PDF ]
Antiviral activity from medicinal mushrooms
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral properties are prepared from
medicinal mushroom mycelium, extracts and derivatives. The
compositions are derived from Fomitopsis, Piptoporus, Ganoderma
resinaceum and blends of medicinal mushroom species and are useful
in preventing and treating viruses including Pox and HIV viruses.
US2012039976 [ PDF ]
Controlling zoonotic disease vectors from insects and
arthropods using preconidial mycelium and extracts of
preconidial mycelium from entomopathogenic fungi
Abstract
The present invention utilizes extracts of the pre-sporulation
(preconidial) mycelial stage of entomopathogenic fungi as insect
and arthropod attractants and/or pathogens and can be employed to
limit the zoonotic diseases they transmit. The fungus can be
cultivated on grain, wood, agricultural wastes or other cellulosic
material and extracts can be made thereof. More than one fungus
and substrate can be used in combination with one or more
antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, and genetically modified
agents that result in reduced spread of contagions and lessens the
damage they inflict on animals, and plants.
US2005238655 [ PDF ]
Antiviral activity from medicinal mushrooms
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral properties are prepared from
medicinal mushroom mycelium, extracts and derivatives. The
compositions are derived from Fomitopsis, Piptoporus, Ganoderma
resinaceum and blends of medicinal mushroom species and are useful
in preventing and treating viruses including Pox and HIV viruses.
US2014105928 [ PDF ]
Antiviral and antibacterial activity from medicinal mushrooms
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral and antibacterial properties
are prepared from medicinal mushroom mycelium, extracts and
derivatives. The compositions are derived from Fomitopsis,
Piptoporus, Ganoderma, Inonotus, Trametes, Pleurotus, and blends
of medicinal mushroom species and are useful in preventing and
treating viruses including Poxyiridae and Orthopox viruses, flu
viruses including bird flu (H5N1), SARS and Hepatitis C(HCV), as
well as infections from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli.
US2016000754 [ PDF ] //
WO2016161138
Antiviral Activity from Medicinal Mushrooms and their Active
Constituents
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral properties found in mushroom
mycelium and their analogs are extracted, concentrated, isolated
or manufactured to create compositions useful in preventing the
spread and proliferation of various viruses afflicting animals,
particularly viruses harming humans, pigs, birds, bats and bees.
Such compounds and compositions can be used individually or in
combination with known medicines or natural products to improve
health.
US2011008384 [ PDF ]
Antiviral activity from medicinal mushrooms
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral properties are prepared from
medicinal mushroom mycelium, extracts and derivatives. The
compositions are derived from Fomitopsis and blends of medicinal
mushroom species and are useful in preventing and treating viruses
including Poxviridae and Orthopox viruses.
US2008005046 [ PDF ] //
US2008046277
Living systems from cardboard packaging materials
Abstract
Compositions, methods and business applications of using new
and recycled cardboard infused with a plurality of saprophytic
(including endophytic) and mycorrhizal fungi matched with seeds of
plants (including trees, vegetables, herbs and grasses) whereby
the cardboard can be sprouted by end-users to start ecosystems.
Such containers may have carbon-credit value for companies and
consumers when planted and grown as a carbon sink or carbon offset
for the photosynthetic and mycelial sequestration of carbon
dioxide. The relative weight of the Life Box's added seeds and
spores does not significantly affect the total weight of the
infused cardboard, thus not increasing transportation costs.
US2018021326 [ PDF ]
Compositions and methods for enhancing neuroregeneration...
Abstract
Methods and compositions are disclosed for enhancing
neurogenesis, resolving neuropathy and improving neurological
health and functioning using fungal extracts and their active
ingredients, including species of mushrooms and mycelia containing
psilocybin and psilocin, combined with erinacines and hericenones
or fungal extracts containing those active ingredients, with the
addition of nicotinic acid. The compositions may optionally be
combined with nervine plants.
US2009130138 [ PDF ]
Antiviral and antibacterial activity from medicinal mushrooms
Abstract
Compounds having unique antiviral and antibacterial properties
are prepared from medicinal mushroom mycelium, extracts and
derivatives. The compositions are derived from Fomitopsis,
Piptoporus, Ganoderma, Inonotus, Trametes, Pleurotus, and blends
of medicinal mushroom species and are useful in preventing and
treating viruses including Poxyiridae and Orthopox viruses, flu
viruses including bird flu (H5N1), SARS and Hepatitis C(HCV), as
well as infections from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli.
US2008286298 [ PDF ]
Compositions Comprising Hypsizygus Ulmarius Extract
Abstract
Disclosed are topical compositions comprising extracts of
Hypsizygus ulmarius in amounts that are effective to influence
LTB4-mediated chemotaxis and/or IL-1beta mediated adhesion of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The hypsizygus ulmarius extract may
be used alone or in combination with secondary anti-inflammatory
and skin active agents, such as other mushroom and/or natural
extracts. The secondary anti-inflammatory agents may or may not
function by antagonizing LTB4-mediated chemotaxis and IL-1beta
mediated adhesion. The extract may be incorporated into a
cosmetically acceptable vehicle. The present invention includes
methods of treating skin inflammation by applying to inflamed
skin, anti-inflammatory effective amounts of Hypsizygus ulmarius
extract in a defined treatment regimen.
AU2002244133
Delivery systems for mycotechnologies,
mycofiltration and mycoremediation