UPDATED 24 JULY
https://theconversation.com/micro-naps-for-plants-flicking-the-lights-on-and-off-can-save-energy-without-hurting-indoor-agriculture-harvests-120051
Micro-naps for plants: Flicking the lights on and off can save energy without hurting indoor agriculture harvests
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0098847219304666?via%3Dihub
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103803
Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 166, October 2019, 103803Highlights
Shiwei Song, et al.
Energy requirements limit sustainable crop growth in closed controlled environments.
Seedling performance is identical under 12?h or 5?s light/dark cycles.
Extending the dark interval does not affect some traits until after 10?s.
Persistent response is triggered by far-red and blue light acting through phyA and cry1, respectively.
Extending the dark interval in a short pulse environment may cut energy costs.
Abstract
There is substantial interest in growing crops in closed controlled environments, yet the energy requirements are high. Energy is required to produce light, but also to remove the heat generated when producing light. The goal of the current work examines a possible approach to decrease the energy requirement. The effect of pulsed light treatments was examined by monitoring seedling traits during early photomorphogenic development. Daily light integral remained unchanged between treatments, but the frequency of the pulses was varied. Developmental traits (such as inhibition of hypocotyl elongation rate) were most conspicuous during a normal photoperiod, as in twelve hours light, twelve hours darkness. Consistent with historical reports, when treatments were delivered in shorter durations (e.g. 1?h on/off) photomorphogenic development was hindered with the same daily light integral. However, at even shorter light intervals (e.g. seconds) seedlings developed as if they were provided full 12?h treatments. Extension of the dark period following a 5?s pulse was tested to determine the effect on seedling traits. The results showed that the dark period could be extended to at least 10?s without affecting seedling development, and extension to 20?s only had slight effects on seedling traits. The mechanism of the phenomenon was examined in Arabidopsisthaliana photosensory mutants, and showed substantial contributions from the phyA and cry1 pathways. The results suggest that pulsed light with extended dark periods can decrease energy input by at least 30% to >50% without affecting visible seedling traits. These pilot experiments in seedlings demonstrate that implementation of short-interval, pulsed-light strategies may lower energy requirements for growing crops in artificially illuminated environments.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7275807/Unsettling-animation-reveals-immense-power-Californias-Ridgecrest-earthquake.html
Unsettling animation reveals the immense power of California's Ridgecrest earthquake as it shattered the desert floor
Satellite images offer a dramatic view of the power of the magnitude 7.1 quake
The images show 'the scale of movement and the permanency of movement'
The Ridgecrest earthquake was the biggest hit California in two decades
These clear images show the scars along the surface of the Mojave Desert
https://eaa.org/airventure/eaa-airventure-news-and-multimedia/eaa-airventure-webcams
Live-stream @ Oshkosh Air Show
Live Streaming, Webcams & LiveATC.net. Get a glimpse of the action on the grounds (and in the air) right on your computer, tablet, or smartphone through the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh live streaming and webcams.
https://cosmosmagazine.com/chemistry/hydrogen-as-you-ve-never-seen-it
Hydrogen, as you’ve never seen it. Finding the art in the Periodic Table.
http://periodictable.ga/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-019-0423-3
Nature Materials (2019)
Scientists from Slovenia have discovered a new kind of matter
Researchers of the Jožef Stefan Institute, led by prof. dr. Dragan Mihailovic discovered an entirely new type of substance that can not be understood by current physics. During experiments aimed at the creation of new forms of quantum materials in tough disruptive conditions in the tantalum disulfide crystal, they generated an unusually dense amorphous electronic substance with short laser beams, in which, due to interaction, electrons become jammed. The discovery is fundamentally important as it opens up a new field, and its understanding is a new major challenge for today's quantum physics. The research was carried out entirely on a special low-temperature microscope with four peaks at the Jožef Stefan Institute, which is unique in the world. On July 15, 2019, the prestigious science magazine Nature Materials reported the discovery.
Quantum jamming transition to a correlated electron glass in 1T-TaS2Abstract
Yaroslav A. Gerasimenko, Igor Vaskivskyi, Maksim Litskevich, Jan Ravnik, Jaka Vodeb, Michele Diego, Viktor Kabanov & Dragan Mihailovic
Distinct many-body states may be created under non-equilibrium conditions through different ordering paths, even when their constituents are subjected to the same fundamental interactions. The phase-transition mechanism to such states remains poorly understood. Here, we show that controlled optical or electromagnetic perturbations can lead to an amorphous metastable state of strongly correlated electrons in a quasi-two-dimensional dichalcogenide. Scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals a hyperuniform pattern of localized charges, whereas multitip surface nanoscale conductivity measurements and tunnelling spectroscopy show an electronically gapless conducting state that is different from conventional Coulomb glasses and many-body localized systems. The state is stable up to room temperature and shows no signs of either local charge order or phase separation. The mechanism for its formation is attributed to a dynamical localization of electrons through mutual interactions. Theoretical calculations confirm the correlations between localized charges to be crucial for the state’s unusual stability.
https://www.naturalblaze.com/2019/07/mdma-shown-to-help-alcoholics-shake-addiction-in-new-study.html
MDMA Shown to Help Alcoholics Shake Addiction in New Study
...In a recent study conducted by researchers at Imperial College London, four alcoholics were given MDMA to assist in therapy sessions, and all four of them stopped drinking after the 8-week trial...
https://casereports.bmj.com/content/12/7/e230109.full
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230109
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: preliminary data on the first four participantsAbstract
Ben Sessa, Chloe Sakal, Steve O’Brien and David Nutt
We present the preliminary data in an ongoing open-label safety and tolerability proof of concept study exploring the potential role for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in treating patients with alcohol use disorder. At this stage, seven participants have completed the full 8-week MDMA-assisted psychotherapy course, including two therapy sessions each with MDMA. This paper focuses on the safety and tolerability of the therapeutic course for the first four participants to complete treatment. Longer-term outcomes of drinking behaviour will be presented later when the full project data are published. Results show all four participants have successfully tolerated the treatment. There have been no serious adverse events related to MDMA, no unexpected physiological responses to the MDMA sessions or changes to blood results or electrocardiograms, measured before and after the 8-week course. We conclude that the treatment is well- tolerated and are making plans to expand the project into a randomised placebo-controlled study.
Can you say "false flag"?
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7267693/Florida-Dem-admits-lying-treating-Pulse-shooting-victims.html
'I just made it up': Florida Dem admits lying about treating Pulse shooting victims after going on the record as saying 'I personally removed 77 bullets from 32 people. It was like an assembly line'
Elizabeth McCarthy told the Florida Department of Health that she had fabricated claims that she was a cardiologist who had treated victims
'I lied. It is a false statement. I just made it up,' McCarthy said, according to an affidavit released Wednesday
The department charged her with violating state law under the unlicensed activity statutes
On Wednesday, she was served with a cease-and-desist order which would prohibit her from telling anyone else that she is a medical doctor
https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2019/07/ilhan-omars-father-was-top-official-in-genocidal-barre-regime-then-he-changed-his-name-to-sneak-into-the-us-illegally/
Ilhan Omar’s Father was Top Propaganda Official in Genocidal Barre Regime — Then He Changed His Name and Entered US Illegally
https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/franklin-graham-equality-act-will-lead-to-christian-persecution-as-never-before
Franklin Graham: ‘Equality Act’ will lead to Christian persecution ‘as never before’
https://www.theepochtimes.com/if-you-see-this-number-on-fruits-sticker-avoid-buying-it-heres-why_3002603.html
...if you see 84011, for example, than your bananas have been genetically modified.
Organic – five numbers in the PLU, starting with the number 9
So if you’re worried about the safety of your family and the planet, organic foods are a great option. Organic foods aren’t treated with chemical pesticides and fertilizers and often have higher nutrition levels. Not sure if a piece of produce is organic?
If you look at the PLU code once again, you’ll see the four digits identifying the item plus the number 9 at the beginning. So for instance, organic bananas should be labelled 94011...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3iE6uq7rtc
Frank Zappa One More Time Genetically Modified Monsters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oKueG68H0U
13TH FLOOR ELEVATORS (live) Avalon Ballroom 1966
https://www.naturalblaze.com/2019/07/mdma-shown-to-help-alcoholics-shake-addiction-in-new-study.html
MDMA Shown to Help Alcoholics Shake Addiction in New Study
...In a recent study conducted by researchers at Imperial College London, four alcoholics were given MDMA to assist in therapy sessions, and all four of them stopped drinking after the 8-week trial...
https://casereports.bmj.com/content/12/7/e230109.full
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230109
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: preliminary data on the first four participants
Ben Sessa, Chloe Sakal, Steve O’Brien and David Nutt
Abstract
We present the preliminary data in an ongoing open-label safety and tolerability proof of concept study exploring the potential role for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in treating patients with alcohol use disorder. At this stage, seven participants have completed the full 8-week MDMA-assisted psychotherapy course, including two therapy sessions each with MDMA. This paper focuses on the safety and tolerability of the therapeutic course for the first four participants to complete treatment. Longer-term outcomes of drinking behaviour will be presented later when the full project data are published. Results show all four participants have successfully tolerated the treatment. There have been no serious adverse events related to MDMA, no unexpected physiological responses to the MDMA sessions or changes to blood results or electrocardiograms, measured before and after the 8-week course. We conclude that the treatment is well- tolerated and are making plans to expand the project into a randomised placebo-controlled study.
https://rense.com/general96/efsas-toxicological-assessment-of-aspartame.php
EFSA's Toxicological Assessment of aspartame
By Dr. Betty Martini
https://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/07/how-and-when-subterranean-ocean-emerged.html
How and When A Subterranean Ocean Emerged Discovered
The mechanism which caused the crust that had been altered by seawater to sink into the mantle functioned over 3.3 billion years ago. This means that a global cycle of matter, which underpins modern plate tectonics, was established within the first billion of the Earth’s existence, and the excess water in the transition zone of the mantle came from the ancient ocean on the planet’s surface,” said project leader and co-author of the article Alexander Sobolev, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences who is a Professor at Vernadsky Institute for Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry under the Russian Academy of Sciences....
The water that remains in minerals of the oceanic crust at higher temperatures continues to descend into the deep mantle and accumulates at a depth of 410-660 km in the structure of the minerals wadsleyite and ringwoodite and high-pressure modifications of olivine (magnesium iron silicate), the main mineral of the mantle. Experiments have shown that these minerals can contain significant quantities of water and chlorine. This is how the greatest part of the World Ocean could be “pumped” into the planet’s interior over the billions of years of its existence...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1399-5
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1399-5
Deep hydrous mantle reservoir provides evidence for crustal recycling before 3.3 billion years ago
Alexander V. Sobolev, et al.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLmqBmsnV3g&feature=youtu.be
Researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have made a foil “paper doll” sit up using polymer covalent organic frameworks (polyCOFs). ACS Headline Science shows how the team made and tested these potentially useful new materials.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00212
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1399-5
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1399-5
“PolyCOFs: A New Class of Freestanding Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Membranes with High Mechanical Performance” –Abstract
Yao Chen, Ph.D., Shengqian Ma, Ph.D., and Zhenjie Zhang, Ph.D. (corresponding authors)
Traditional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are prepared via polymerization based on small molecular monomers. However, the employment of polymers as building blocks to construct COFs has not been reported yet. Herein, we create a new concept of polymer covalent organic frameworks (polyCOFs) formed by linear polymers as structural building blocks, which inherit the merits from both COFs and linear polymers. PolyCOFs represent a new category of porous COF materials that demonstrate good crystallinity and high stability. More importantly, benefiting from the flexibility and processability of a linear polymer, polyCOFs can spontaneously form defect-free, flexible, and freestanding membranes that exhibit excellent mechanical properties and undergo reversible mechanical transformation upon exposure to various organic vapors. For the first time, we demonstrated that polyCOF membranes can be used as artificial muscles to perform various complicated motions (e.g., lifting objects, doing “sit-ups”) triggered by vapors. This study bridges the gap between one-dimensional amorphous linear polymers and crystalline polymer frameworks and paves a new avenue to prepare stimuli-responsive actuators using porous COF materials.
https://stmarcelinitiative.com/eleison-comments/?lang=en
Cardinal’s ClarityEurope responded once to the love of God. Now it must suffer migrants, as His rod!
Eleison Comments — by His Excellency Richard Williamson July 20, 2019
In a recently appeared book or interview by a Roman Cardinal [ Robert Sarah ] one can read unusual good sense on the waves of immigration that have now for tens of years been threatening to swamp the once great Western nations. But Cardinal Sarah is no “racist” – he comes from black Africa. If only Europeans would appreciate God’s gifts to Europe as he does! But who in Europe wants God? “Ay, there’s the rub,” as Hamlet says.
I am scandalised by all these men dying at sea, by the human trafficking, by the mafia networking, by the organised slavery. These people emigrating with no papers, nor prospects for the future, nor family. Do they think they are going to find paradise on earth here? It’s not in the West! If these people are to be helped, better do it where they come from, in their own villages, amidst their own races. The economic imbalances and the human dramas cannot be justified. You cannot welcome migrants from all over the world. To welcome means not only letting these people into your own country, it means giving them work. Can you do that? No. It means giving them somewhere to live. Can you do that? No. Parking them in inadequate lodgings, with no dignity, no work, that is not what I call welcoming people. It is more like something organised by the mafia! The Church cannot co-operate in human trafficking, which is more like a new form of slavery.
What I find equally scandalous is using the Word of God to justify all that. God does not want people migrating. The Christ child took refuge in Egypt, because of Herod, but he returned home afterwards. God always brought His people back to Israel, whether it was a famine at home, or a captivity abroad. A country is a great treasure, it is where we were born, where our ancestors are buried. When you welcome somebody, it is to give them a better life, not to herd them into immigration camps. When you are fed without doing any work, there is no dignity there.
And what culture do you have to offer them? Are you capable of sharing your Christian culture and roots? I am afraid that the population imbalance brought about by these waves of immigration will make you lose your identity together with what makes you who you are. Europe has a special mission given to it by God. It is you Europeans that taught us the Gospel, and the values of family, personal dignity and freedom. If you give up your identity, if you allow yourselves to be swamped by peoples that do not share your culture, then your Christian values and identity risk disappearing. Like happened when ancient Rome was invaded by barbarians. You need to think – are today’s migrations not a new form of slavery, being organised to get cheap labour? All of these people coming here in pursuit of a dream way of life. What a lie! What sheer cynicism! Pope Benedict XVI was especially clear and prophetic on all these questions. [ . . . ]
You Europeans have been moulded by Christianity, everything in Europe is Christian. Why deny it? No Muslim denies his identity. If you do not come back to being who you are, you will disappear. And if Europe disappears, there will be an appalling upset: Christianity would risk disappearing from the face of the earth. You see how you are being invaded by Islam: Muslims mean to take over the world, and they have the financial means to do it. They will not succeed because the Lord is with us to the end of the world. But you must not deny who you are: those immigrants that you allow in must integrate into your culture, assuming that you still have a culture. You will not integrate them into your atheistic materialism. They want nothing to do with it.
Kyrie Eleison.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBqYAqMjiwI
New Research Reveals What You Should Know About Nail Polish
https://joinpeertube.org/en/
PeerTubeTake back control of your videos. A decentralized video hosting network, based on free/libre software
https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20180910-dweb
What is a new web world 'Dweb' that makes individuals connect with each other without huge administrators such as Google and Facebook?
Modern web services, such as Google searching for search services and accumulating large amounts of personal information, manage structural information on freedom of expression and privacy because huge service providers manage access to information I am holding it. In order to solve these problems, a technical idea of ??" Decentralized Web (DWeb) " which is a decentralized web where individuals are connected via a network without requiring "huge organizers" has appeared...
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/08/decentralisation-next-big-step-for-the-world-wide-web-dweb-data-internet-censorship-brewster-kahle
Decentralisation: the next big step for the world wide web
When it is reported that Google is developing a censorable search engine aiming for re-entry in China , in the US · San Francisco, bypassing a huge service that functions as a gatekeeper on the Internet such as Google and Facebook, A conference " Decentralized Web Summit (DWeb Summit)" exploring "a new form of the World Wide Web" was held hosting the internet archive. 800 DI developers and groups participated in the DWeb Summit to share their ideas and Tim Bernards-Lee, who created the World Wide Web for the conference, also said that they participated.
The cause of the DWeb concept being raised lies in the existence of a huge service that dominates the modern Internet. The former web started with a desktop PC connected and talking to each other, but from the time the word "Web 2.0" came out, "the centralized service provided by large companies such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon, Communication was carried out in a form via ".
For example, the SNS service where individuals are connected to each other is connected on a platform called Facebook, so to speak, it is becoming "exchanges only inside the garden." In this "centralized" web world, users' information is aggregated and stored in the headquarters, so there is a danger of personal data being leaked due to cyber attacks due to hacking. Also, if the centralized service goes down there is a risk of losing communication means and saved data. In addition, the dangers of censorship by the government and others are obsessed, and it is inevitable to "privately sold out" that personal information gathered is used as a target advertisement.
In order to solve the evils of the Web 2.0 generation like this, we created the distributed computing "DWeb" on the web. The difference between the conventional web and the DWeb is that communication based on peer-to-peer where terminals are connected to one another is fundamental. Second, computer terminals connected by peer-to-peer have a big difference "not only to request but to provide service". In other words, by utilizing the HTTP protocol, users will not be able to access information stored on a specific server, but will also serve as a medium for users to distribute distributed data.
The basic technique which is the technical background of this DWeb idea is "block chain"...
https://www.veteranstoday.com/2019/07/15/how-americas-real-enemies-control-the-internet/
How America’s Real Enemies Control the Internet
By Gordon Duff
An exposé on Israel's numerous projects – some public, some covert – to influence what people see on the Internet, and what they don't.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5WxdqmAue0
Beyond Conspiracy - The Terrifying Truth Of Corporate Power
Russell Brand
Having spent years investigating some of the wealthiest people on the planet, journalist and broadcaster Jacques Peretti joins me to discuss the secret billion dollar deals that we never hear about but which are changing our world and revolutionising everything we do.
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-insect-apocalypse-german-bug-watchers.html
Insect apocalypse: German bug watchers sound alarm
by Daphne Rousseau
For almost 30 years they passed as quirky eccentrics, diligently setting up their insect traps in the Rhine countryside to collect tens of millions of bugs and creepy crawlers.
Now the group of German entomology enthusiasts can boast a world-class scientific treasure: evidence of what is described as one of Earth's worst extinction phases since the dinosaurs vanished.
Insects, which comprise two thirds of all terrestrial species, have been dying off at alarming rates, with disastrous impacts on food chains and habitats, researchers say.
The home of the Amateur Entomology Society of Krefeld on the Dutch border is a former school building where thick curtains block out the sunlight....
"Since 1982, the traps we manufacture ourselves have been standardised and controlled, all of the same size and the same material, and they are collected at the same rate in 63 locations that are still identical," explains Sorg.
The result is a treasure trove of quantitative data that dwarfs that of any funded university project, he says.
But if he is visibly proud of the society's research, the outcome terrifies him: in the test period, the total biomass of flying insects here has plummeted by 76 percent....
In February, they published the first synthesis of 73 studies on entomological fauna around the world over the past 40 years, listing places from Costa Rica to southern France.
They calculated that over 40 percent of insect species are threatened with extinction, and each year about one percent is added to the list.
This is equivalent, they noted, to "the most massive extinction episode" since the dinosaurs disappeared.
The main drivers appeared to be habitat loss and land conversion to intensive agriculture and urbanisation, followed by pollution, mainly from pesticides and fertilisers, invasive species and climate change.
"The conclusion is clear," they wrote. "Unless we change our ways of producing food, insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades."
[ Yep... and Europe is centuries behind itself thanks to the Inquisition and Prohibition ...
https://sputniknews.com/viral/201907161076260446-boris-johnson-islam-twitter/
Twitterstorm as Boris Johnson Claims Muslim World ‘Centuries Behind’ the West Due to Islam
In January, then-Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson rejected accusations that he had sparked anti-Muslim rhetoric by comparing women wearing burkas to "letterboxes" and "bank robbers" in a column for the newspaper The Daily Telegraph.
UK prime ministerial hopeful Boris Johnson has been slammed by a number of Muslim organisations for claiming that the Muslim world was allegedly “literally centuries behind” the West due to Islam.
In an essay written by Johnson in 2006 and now unearthed by The Guardian, Johnson also specifically argued that “there must be something about Islam that indeed helps to explain why there was no rise of the bourgeoisie, no liberal capitalism and therefore no spread of democracy in the Muslim world”.
According to him, the further the Muslim world had “fallen behind, the more bitterness and confusion there has been, to the point where virtually every global flashpoint you can think of – from Bosnia to Palestine to Iraq to Kashmir – involves some sense of Muslim grievance”.
When praising The Sistine Chapel, Johnson claimed that there is nothing like this in Muslim art of “that or any age”. He insisted that this is not “just because it is beyond the technical accomplishment of Islamic art, but because it is so theologically offensive to Islam”...
&c...
http://cluborlov.blogspot.com/2019/07/war-profiteers-and-demise-of-us.html#more
War Profiteers and the Demise of the US Military-Industrial Complex
by Dmitri Orlov
https://cluborlov.blogspot.com/2018/06/barbarians-rampage-through-europes.html
Barbarians Rampage through Europe's Cemetery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GtagDn403Y
The Terrible Truth About Open Borders
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/08/an-epidemic-of-disbelief/592807/
An Epidemic of Disbelief
by Barbara Bradley Hagerty
What new research reveals about sexual predators, and why police fail to catch them[ untested rape victim DNA kits ]
https://physicsworld.com/a/earthquakes-could-be-triggered-by-sound-waves-that-fluidize-faults/
22 Sep 2015
Earthquakes could be triggered by sound waves that ‘fluidize’ faults
Earthquakes may be triggered by sound waves that reduce the friction between rocks at a geological fault. That is the conclusion of an international team of researchers that has done laboratory-based experiments that mimic the process. The results support the “acoustic fluidization” theory of earthquake triggering, which seeks to explain the unexpected weakness of some faults. The research could also help to reveal how aftershocks are generated at great distances from the earthquakes that precede them...
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.128001
Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 128001 – Published 15 September 2015
Dynamic Weakening by Acoustic Fluidization during Stick-Slip MotionThe unexpected weakness of some faults has been attributed to the emergence of acoustic waves that promote failure by reducing the confining pressure through a mechanism known as acoustic fluidization, also proposed to explain earthquake remote triggering. Here we validate this mechanism via the numerical investigation of a granular fault model system. We find that the stick-slip dynamics is affected only by perturbations applied at a characteristic frequency corresponding to oscillations normal to the fault, leading to gradual dynamical weakening as failure is approaching. Acoustic waves at the same frequency spontaneously emerge at the onset of failure in the absence of perturbations, supporting the relevance of acoustic fluidization in earthquake triggering.
F. Giacco, L. Saggese, L. de Arcangelis, E. Lippiello, and M. Pica Ciamarra
Abstract
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2017/03/406321/deworming-pill-may-be-effective-treating-liver-cancer
Deworming Pill May Be Effective in Treating Liver Cancer
UCSF Researchers Use Computational Tools to Quickly Screen, Identify Drugs
By Laura Kurtzman
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a cancer associated with underlying liver disease and cirrhosis that often only becomes symptomatic when it is very advanced, is the second leading cause of cancer deaths around the world, and yet it has no effective treatment.
As with other conditions without treatments, the data that scientists need to understand and treat the disease may be sitting in plain view in databases that have barely been analyzed, says Atul Butte, MD, PhD, director of the Institute for Computational Health Sciences at UC San Francisco.
Bin Chen, PhD, a former postdoctoral scholar in Butte’s lab and now a faculty member in Pediatrics in the Institute for Computational Health Sciences, recently published a paper in Gastroenterology about using data-mining computational tools to identify a treatment for HCC.
Gene Expression and Drug Targets
Taking advantage of publicly available gene expression data, he first derived a molecular disease signature for HCC – looking at 274 genes that are either up or down regulated in cancerous liver tissues, but not in normal liver tissues.
Then, he looked for drugs that were known to target those genes and found, to his surprise, that a close cousin of a deworming pill, when used in combination with the standard care drug, was highly effective at killing cancerous liver tissue that had been engrafted into experimental mice.
Bin ChenBin Chen, PhD
“We found these disease genes were reversed after six weeks of treatment in a patient-derived tissue in mouse model,” Chen said, adding that the advantage of the approach he developed is that it targets a host of genes at the same time, rather than simply targeting a single mutation.
Chen said finding molecular signatures for diseases then looking for drugs that work against those signatures is a promising way of treating patients who may each have a different set of cancer mutations and might not respond to drugs that just targeted them one at a time.
“In this study, patients had similar gene expression profiles, but not identical,” Chen said. “In most cases, cancers have many mutations, and patients will relapse. Our approach might be used to control the disease, to make it a chronic condition rather than a lethal one.”
Head Start to a New Drug Candidate
Only a small number of drugs have been analyzed for their gene expression profiles, and so it was somewhat lucky that Chen found a hit with niclosamide. But even after discovering a match between the drug and the disease, his team of UCSF and Stanford University researchers was stymied. The drug, which was designed to kill parasites, did not work well in the mouse model, because it was not soluble.
It was only after Chen’s team stumbled upon a paper that described its close cousin, NEN – an ethanolamine salt that is soluble in human cells – that they made it work. When they combined NEN with sorafenib, the standard of care for advanced HCC, they found that the tumors stopped growing.
While NEN has been found safe to use against tapeworms in dogs and cats, scientists do not yet know how it would affect humans, or whether it would stop cancerous liver tissue from growing in humans.
But Chen said it is a promising drug candidate that could be developed at half or less than half the cost of a typical drug because of the head start he got by using advanced computational techniques to mine freely available data.
“Because our method is literally virtual, we can evaluate hundreds of drug candidates very quickly,” Chen said. “We looked at more than 1,000 drugs before discovering that the deworming pills were effective. This is a very efficient way to do drug discovery.”
https://www.naturalnews.com/2019-07-13-sophoraflavanone-g-induces-cell-death-in-leukemia-cells.html
Sophoraflavanone G found to induce cell death of human leukemia cells
by: Ralph Flores
Researchers from the Chang Gung University of Science and Technology in Taiwan found that sophoraflavanone G (SG), which was derived from Sophora flavescens, can induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells in vitro. The results of the study were published in The American Journal of Chinese Medicine...
https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0192415X16500117
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2 February 2016;44(01):165–176.DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X16500117
SOPHORAFLAVANONE G INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELLS AND BLOCKS MAPK ACTIVATION.
Zih-Ying Li, et al.Abstract
Sophoraflavanone G (SG) was isolated from Sophora flavescens. Previously, we have found that SG is able to suppress the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SG on apoptosis, and explore its molecular mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of SG (3–30 µM). The viability of the HL-60 cells was assessed using the MTT method, and the nuclear condensation indicative of apoptosis was observed by DAPI fluorescence staining. In addition, apoptotic signal proteins were examined using Western blotting. The results showed that apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation, increased significantly in SG-treated HL-60 cells. SG activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, and downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. SG also upregulated Bax and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, enabling apoptosis via the mitochondrially-mediated “intrinsic” pathway. Additionally, SG was able to cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These results suggest that SG might increase the effect of apoptosis on HL-60 cells through caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial-mediated pathways, and the MAPK pathway.
Got dot.ws ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycHNd54TVYM&feature=youtu.be
The President just joined Global Domains International
Useful Links :
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_noticias.htm
Disaster/Recovery Information ... Earthquakes ... Space ... Tsunamis... Volcanoes... Weather... Search tools
Another Mossad-Hamas muslidupe bimbo-sans-clit does stupid for crypto-gay "god" Al' :
https://www.infowars.com/failed-female-suicide-bomber-i-dont-want-a-fun-life-on-earth-i-only-want-to-satisfy-allah/
Failed Female Suicide Bomber: “I don’t want a fun life on Earth, I only want to satisfy Allah ... Our goal is to spread Islam to all”
Chi-Coms love you too ! Eat neutrons, America !
https://thecommonsenseshow.com/activism-conspiracy-tragedy/leaked-document-shows-chinese-intent-commit-mass-american-genocide-followed-occupation-america
Leaked Document Shows Chinese Intent to Commit Mass American Genocide Followed the Occupation of America
by Dave Hodges
https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-just-unveiled-the-first-ever-photo-of-quantum-entanglement
Scientists Just Unveiled The First-Ever Photo of Quantum Entanglement
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/7/eaaw2563
Imaging Bell-type nonlocal behaviorAbstract
Paul-Antoine Moreau, et al.
The violation of a Bell inequality not only attests to the nonclassical nature of a system but also holds a very unique status within the quantum world. The amount by which the inequality is violated often provides a good benchmark on how a quantum protocol will perform. Acquiring images of such a fundamental quantum effect is a demonstration that images can capture and exploit the essence of the quantum world. Here, we report an experiment demonstrating the violation of a Bell inequality within observed images. It is based on acquiring full-field coincidence images of a phase object probed by photons from an entangled pair source. The image exhibits a violation of a Bell inequality with S = 2.44 ± 0.04. This result both opens the way to new quantum imaging schemes based on the violation of a Bell inequality and suggests promise for quantum information schemes based on spatial variables.
https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/24/new-4g-5g-security-flaws/
New flaws in 4G, 5G allow attackers to intercept calls and track phone locations
TESLATECH 2019
History is in the making! If you have never gone to a conference, then this is a great opportunity to start! We are on the cusp of harnessing antigravity... and opening a world of extraordinary applications including flying machines! The government may already have them... recent mainstream news outlets have showing US Navy video recordings of aircraft with extraordinary flight characteristics.
Our presentations include physical demonstrations of actual working antigravity devices, videos of past research, and a presentation of 10 years of solid research into extraordinary flying machines. Lets face it... when technical information is revealed on the mainstream media, it is typically 10 years old or more! The information unveiled at our conference is in the making!
Be a part of the science of the future! Register today!
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Al' & Mo' Loves Youse Long Time -- And Your Momma and Grandma :
https://mobile.wnd.com/2019/07/at-least-100-christians-incinerated-in-well-targeted-attack/
'At least 100' Christians incinerated in 'well-targeted attack' -- Believers surrounded and 'everything that moved' set afire
http://scedc.caltech.edu/recent/
Recent Quakes in California / nevada
http://spaz.org/~magi/
Golden Ratio Nested Waveguide
Sean Logan KG7ARW
An experimental electromagnetic resonator using the Golden Ratio as a base of logarithms gives rise to unique phenomena when non-linear mixing occurs. The following paper describes the technology in more detail:
http://spaz.org/~magi/grh/grh.html
It was shown to me by beings which the Lakota call "Tankashelas". They said, "We allow civilizations to exist in harmony, for millions of years." They also said that our Milky Way galaxy is "very old", and described it as a sound.
An experimental electromagnetic resonator,,, Using the Golden Ratio as a base of logarithms gives rise to unique phenomena when non-linear mixing occurs. The following paper describes the technology in more detail.
Golden Ratio Heterodynes (5 May 2019)
Experimental Data
Measurements preformed in a shielded anechoic chamber at PSU. Frequency sweeps with VNA. Spectrum Analyzer measurements with wideband noise source. Discussion of experimental data. Calculated vs. measured frequencies of resonance.
Experimental Data, (18 Jan 2019), Design Specifications, Dimensions, Decimal, Algebraic, 4 element, 8 element, .dxf CAD file, Wiring Diagram, Capacitive Coupling to the quarter wave vertical, Magnetic Coupling via the Split Ring Resonator, 3D Renderings, Perspective Views, Math and Theory
Golden Ratio base Logarithms, How the waves heterodyne (text explanation), How the waves heterodyne (gif), Heterodynes in the frequency domain, Physical geometry derived from wave equation, Physical geometry derived from wave equation (2), Golden Rectangle construction
Rectangles rolled up to make the cylinders... The whole structure fits within a Hyperbolic Horn, which is the shape of a vortex in water... A Golden Spiral can be thought of as a wave with an exponential envelope... If the period of the wave shortens by a factor each cycle, then the wave has a hyperbolic envelope... This image shows the meaning of the logarithm taken in the previous image... Here you can see the relationship between the period of a given cycle of the wave, and all subsequent periods... Exponential vs. Hyperbolic growth. Hyperbolas reach an asymptote, whereas exponential curves always remain finite.... The geometry of the structure can be derived from a spiral wrapped around a hyperbolic horn... time-space.gif... Simpler form of the wave equation, with the asymptote at z=0. If this was a sound wave, it would sound like a chirp...
https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/07/the-coldest-case-cold-fusion-eugene-mallove-mit-infinite-energy/
The Coldest Case
Eugene Mallove gave up everything to pursue the holy grail of nuclear energy. Did it cost him his life?
By David Kushner
via https://revolution-green.com :
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-019-0489-8
Nature Nanotechnology (2019)
Colossal infrared and terahertz magneto-optical activity in a two-dimensional Dirac material
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-on-demand-terahertz-infrared.html
Phys.Org
On-demand control of terahertz and infrared waves
...“There exist a class of the so-called Dirac materials, where the electrons behave as if they do not have a mass, similar to light particles, the photons,” explains Alexey Kuzmenko, a researcher at the Department of Quantum Matter Physics in UNIGE’s Science Faculty, who conducted this research together with Ievgeniia Nedoliuk. One of such Dirac materials is graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb structure, related to graphite used to make pencils.
The interaction between graphene and light suggests that this material could be used to control infrared and terahertz waves. “That would be a huge step forward for optoelectronics, security, telecommunications and medical diagnostics,” points out the Geneva-based researcher.
Backing up an old theory via experimentation
A theoretical prediction from 2006 posited that if a Dirac material is placed in a magnetic field, it will produce a very strong cyclotron resonance. “When a charged particle is in the magnetic field, it moves in a circular orbit and absorbs the electromagnetic energy at the orbiting, or cyclotron, frequency, as for example, it happens in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN,” explains Alexey Kuzmenko. “And when the particles have charge but no mass, as electrons in graphene, the absorption of light is at its maximum!”
&c
https://www.osapublishing.org/prj/fulltext.cfm?uri=prj-7-8-823&id=415059
Photonics Research Vol. 7, Issue 8, pp. 823-827 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.7.000823
Nanophotonic media for artificial neural inference
Erfan Khoram, Ang Chen, Dianjing Liu, Lei Ying, Qiqi Wang, Ming Yuan, and Zongfu Yu
Abstract
We show optical waves passing through a nanophotonic medium can perform artificial neural computing. Complex information is encoded in the wavefront of an input light. The medium transforms the wavefront to realize sophisticated computing tasks such as image recognition. At the output, the optical energy is concentrated in well-defined locations, which, for example, can be interpreted as the identity of the object in the image. These computing media can be as small as tens of wavelengths and offer ultra-high computing density. They exploit subwavelength scatterers to realize complex input/output mapping beyond the capabilities of traditional nanophotonic devices.
https://news.wisc.edu/simple-smart-glass-reveals-the-future-of-artificial-vision/
Simple ‘smart’ glass reveals the future of artificial vision
The sophisticated technology that powers face recognition in many modern smartphones someday could receive a high-tech upgrade that sounds — and looks — surprisingly low-tech.
This window to the future is none other than a piece of glass. University of Wisconsin–Madison engineers have devised a method to create pieces of “smart” glass that can recognize images without requiring any sensors or circuits or power sources.
“We’re using optics to condense the normal setup of cameras, sensors and deep neural networks into a single piece of thin glass,” says UW-Madison electrical and computer engineering professor Zongfu Yu.
Light passing through “smart” glass is bent in a particular pattern depending on the scene, image or (in this case) written number facing the glass. If the light matches an expected pattern, the glass “recognizes” what it sees.
Yu and colleagues published details of their proof-of-concept research today in the journal Photonics Research.
Embedding artificial intelligence inside inert objects is a concept that, at first glance, seems like something out of science fiction. However, it’s an advance that could open new frontiers for low-power electronics.
Now, artificial intelligence gobbles up substantial computational resources (and battery life) every time you glance at your phone to unlock it with face ID. In the future, one piece of glass could recognize your face without using any power at all.
“This is completely different from the typical route to machine vision,” says Yu.
He envisions pieces of glass that look like translucent squares. Tiny strategically placed bubbles and impurities embedded within the glass would bend light in specific ways to differentiate among different images. That’s the artificial intelligence in action.
For their proof of concept, the engineers devised a method to make glass pieces that identified handwritten numbers. Light emanating from an image of a number enters at one end of the glass, and then focuses to one of nine specific spots on the other side, each corresponding to individual digits.
The glass was dynamic enough to detect, in real-time, when a handwritten 3 was altered to become an 8.
“The fact that we were able to get this complex behavior with such a simple structure was really something,” says Erfan Khoram, a graduate student in Yu’s lab.
Designing the glass to recognize numbers was similar to a machine-learning training process, except that the engineers “trained” an analog material instead of digital codes. Specifically, the engineers placed air bubbles of different sizes and shapes as well as small pieces of light-absorbing materials like graphene at specific locations inside the glass.
“We’re accustomed to digital computing, but this has broadened our view,” says Yu. “The wave dynamics of light propagation provide a new way to perform analog artificial neural computing”
One such advantage is that the computation is completely passive and intrinsic to the material, meaning one piece of image-recognition glass could be used hundreds of thousands of times.
“We could potentially use the glass as a biometric lock, tuned to recognize only one person’s face” says Yu. “Once built, it would last forever without needing power or internet, meaning it could keep something safe for you even after thousands of years.”
Additionally, it works at literally the speed of light, because the glass distinguishes among different images by distorting light waves.
Although the up-front training process could be time consuming and computationally demanding, the glass itself is easy and inexpensive to fabricate.
In the future, the researchers plan to determine if their approach works for more complex tasks, such as facial recognition.
“The true power of this technology lies in its ability to handle much more complex classification tasks instantly without any energy consumption,” says Ming Yuan, a collaborator on the research and professor of statistics at Columbia University. “These tasks are the key to create artificial intelligence: to teach driverless cars to recognize a traffic signal, to enable voice control in consumer devices, among numerous other examples.”
Unlike human vision, which is mind-bogglingly general in its capabilities to discern an untold number of different objects, the smart glass could excel in specific applications — for example, one piece for number recognition, a different piece for identifying letters, another for faces, and so on.
“We’re always thinking about how we provide vision for machines in the future, and imagining application specific, mission-driven technologies.” says Yu. “This changes almost everything about how we design machine vision.”
CN108671915
Micro-nano-sized Au flower and preparation method thereof
The invention relates to the field of preparation of catalytic materials, in particular to a micro-nano-sized Au flower and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: stepone, adding PVP into a HAuCl4 solution with certain concentration, putting the HAuCl4 solution into a constant water bath, and uniformly stirring; step two, slowly adding a formaldehyde solution intothe HAuCl4 solution at the constant rate of 1 to 6rpm through a peristaltic pump, and ensuring that a mixed solution is subjected to magnetic stirring reaction; step three, performing centrifugal washing after reaction is finished, so as to obtain the micro-nano-sized Au flower. The Au flower comprises a solid cluster and Au nanosheets around surrounding the solid cluster. The method is simple, and easy in quantitative production, the formed micro-nano-sized Au flower is controllable in structure, excellent in dispersibility, uniform in particle diameters and high in stability, and provides amaterial basis for the research of noble metal materials in the field of catalysis.
https://releasethefirstreport.com/join-the-campaign
The petition in Australia to get the government publish a study on the effectiveness of homeopathy.
Arabs are God's Boner :
https://sputniknews.com/europe/201907091076194070-knife-arab-man-masturbates-italy-threats/
Knife-Wielding Arab Man Masturbates Near Playground on Italian Beach, Threatens Police - Report
A 37-year-old man has shocked guests on one of Rimini’s beaches after he started pleasuring himself in public, all the while clenching a knife in his hand. When the police arrived, the man was reportedly surrounded by an infuriated crowd. He turned his rage against the police and reportedly threatened them: “I will kill you... I'm an Arab man!”
Italian police have arrested 37-year-old Egyptian Ahmed Mohamed Walid Abdelshafi who scared beachgoers in one of Italy’s most famous resort towns, Rimini, the local outlets AdnKronos and Il Messaggero report. He was charged with public indecency as well as resisting law enforcement and serious threats to public officials.
It was a Russian woman spending time on one of the beaches with her son and three other children, who informed a local bar owner about a scary stranger, who sat next to her family and started masturbating, all while panting and holding a knife in his fist. The lifeguard and beach staffers rushed to the scene close to a playground, where the man had been spotted. He was surrounded by angry parents, who reportedly argued and even pushed around the suspected offender before the police arrived. Law enforcement personnel are said to have saved him from being lynched, the local media suggest.
After he was brought to the police station, Abdelshafi reportedly pushed and tugged one of the officers before he was tackled to the ground. It was discovered that he also had hematomas and scratches that are said to have been inflicted during the earlier altercation. The suspect was taken to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with a right rib fracture.
While he was there, the man allegedly threatened the radiology technicians and shouted at them "I'll kill you”, mimicking the gesture of putting a knife to his throat.
"I know a lot of people, I will send people who kill you and your families to your houses. When I go out I kill you with a knife, I'm an Arab man”, he cried, grabbing a metal pole and trying to hit people with it.
He is also said to have threatened the policemen, promising to accuse them of inflicting bodily harm: "Tomorrow in court I will tell the judge that you broke my rib, so you will pay me”.
http://www.asterank.com/3d/
3D Asteroids / Solar System
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/07/the-atlas-of-moons/
Atlas of Moons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_g4nT4a28U
Revolutionary Air Conditioner!
I explain the design and principles behind desiccant based air conditioning. This extremely efficient, DIY air conditioner is inexpensive to build and costs less than one half as much to run as a conventional, compressor based air conditioner.
https://anh-usa.org/fracking-fluid-used-to-irrigate-organic-crops/
Fracking Fluid Used to Irrigate Organic Crops
https://anh-usa.org/
Alliance for Natural Health
Protecting Natural Medicine in DC, the States, and Around the World
We are the largest organization in the US and abroad working to protect your right to utilize effective, safe, and cheap healing therapies, based on high-tech testing, diet, supplements, and lifestyle changes.
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-scientists-combine-particles-behaviors.html
Scientists combine light and matter to make particles with new behaviors
by Louise Lerner, University of Chicago
http://www.alt-market.com/articles/3831-technological-dependence-and-the-end-of-freedom
Technological Dependence And The End Of Freedom
by Brandon Smith
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7220795/Shocking-footage-shows-thousands-dead-bees-7-1-magnitude-earthquake-struck-California.html
Shocking footage shows thousands of bees VIBRATING on the ground before dying after 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck California
Khalil Underwood shared a shocking video that showed thousands of dead bees after the 7.1 magnitude earthquake that struck California on Friday ... Footage shows the some insects still alive, buzzing around frantically... Scientists have previously noted that animals and insects act strangely in the lead up to an earthquake, but do not know why ...
https://britsinthephilippines.top/philippines-genocide-3-million-filipinos-killed/
The Philippines Genocide 3 million Filipinos Killed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eIiIdh3khs
Rare George Adamski UFO Sightings From The Archive They Said Didn't Exist
https://discovery.kaust.edu.sa/en/article/857/insects-inspire-greener,-cheaper-membranes-for-desalination
Journal of Membrane Science advance online 16 June 2019
Bio-inspired gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) derived from common water-wet materials for green desalination
Das, R., Arunachalam, S., Ahmad, Z., Manalastas, E. & Mishra, H.
Insects inspire greener, cheaper membranes for desalination
Insect-inspired design principles lead to first-ever water-repellent membranes made from water-wet materials
A new membrane made from water-wet materials has specially designed gas-entrapping pores that allow it to simultaneously separate hot, salty from cool, pure water while facilitating the transfer of pure vapor from one side to the other. This principle, designed by KAUST researchers, could lead to greener, cheaper desalination membranes.
The membrane’s pores entrap air upon immersion in water, separating the liquids on either side and allowing the transport of only pure water vapour from the hot to the cold side
Currently, super-water-repellent perfluorocarbon membranes are popularly used for a desalination process known as membrane distillation (MD). But perfluorocarbons are expensive, nonbiodegradable and vulnerable to fouling and damage at higher temperatures, explains KAUST postdoctoral fellow Ratul Das.
With the aim of developing perfluorocarbon-free alternatives, Himanshu Mishra and his team of researchers at KAUST’s Water Desalination and Reuse Center drew inspiration from two insects: springtails that live in wet soils and seaskaters that live in open oceans. Both have mushroom-shaped microtextures covering their cuticles and hairs that can spontaneously entrap life-sustaining air if the insects become submerged in water. “We mimicked those features onto water-wet (nonwater resistant) materials. The resulting surfaces robustly entrap air upon immersion in liquids. The idea of gas-entrapping membranes was born,” says Mishra.
Mishra’s team developed protocols for creating vertical pores within thin sheets. The diameters of the pore inlets and exits were abruptly smaller than the pore channels. “We began by toying with thin wafers of silicon to develop pores with these reentrant edges,” says Mishra. “These edges prevent liquids from intruding into the pores,” he explains. “We were able to achieve the function of perfluorinated membranes by harnessing this bio-inspired texture using water-wet materials, which might seem to defy conventional wisdom.” When a silicon membrane with simple cylindrical pores is immersed in water, it is completely filled within 1 second. Silica gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs), on the other hand, trap air robustly within their pores when immersed in water, and can remain intact for more than six weeks.
The team then explored applying the same principle to a cheaper, easily manufactured water-wet material called poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), explains Sankara Arunachalam, a research specialist in Mishra’s team. “PMMA-GEMs robustly separated streams of hot, salty feed from cold water for more than 90 hours with a salt rejection of 100 percent,” he says.
“To our knowledge, this is the first-ever demonstration of MD membranes derived from intrinsically wetting materials,” says Mishra. “The benefits are obvious: common water-wet plastics, such as PMMA, are significantly cheaper than perfluorinated ones, are environmentally friendly, and can withstand harsher operational conditions. Interdisciplinary investigations are needed to assess the scalability and reliability of this approach.”
The findings could unlock the potential of common water-wet materials for greener, cheaper desalination.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738819311524?via%3Dihub
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117185
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0376738819311524?token=8D47D075BFEC62187065D7C1EE605E131BB5D0CD12450799B40524985A06ECAE4EFF4453054E0090F07550BC2BC2CEDE
Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 588, 15 October 2019, 117185
Bio-inspired gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) derived from common water-wet materials for green desalination
Das, R., Arunachalam, S., Ahmad, Z., Manalastas, E. & Mishra, H.
Highlights
We introduce gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) derived from wetting materials.
The pores in GEMs have reentrant inlets/outlets that prevent liquid intrusion.
GEMs are inspired by seaskaters (Halobates germanus) and springtails (Collembola).
GEMs can perform functions of MD membranes despite their water-wet composition.
GEMs might unlock the potential of common materials for desalination and beyond.
Abstract
Widespread stress on global water supplies compels the need for low-cost and sustainable desalination processes. In this regard, desalination through membrane distillation (MD) can harness waste-grade heat or renewable energy. So far, the membranes for MD have been exclusively derived from intrinsically water-repellant materials - mostly perfluorocarbons. However, perfluorocarbons are limiting in terms of operational conditions, and they also introduce economic and environmental concerns. The development of perfluorocarbon-free MD membranes would likely address those challenges. Here, we report on the proof-of-concept for biomimetic gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) for MD derived from silica and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that are water-wet materials. We drew inspiration for our GEM design from the cuticles of springtails and hairs of Halobates germanus, both of which exhibit mushroom-shaped (or reentrant) features. Accordingly, our GEMs comprise arrays of microscale cylindrical pores with reentrant inlets and outlets that can robustly entrap air on submersion in water. Our PMMA-GEMs yielded a vapor flux of J1?L-m-2-h-1 while separating a solution of ~0.6?m NaCl at 333?K from deionized water at 288?K under a cross-flow configuration. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever demonstration of MD membranes derived from intrinsically water-wet materials, and these findings suggest that the rational design of membranes towards greener and cheaper desalination processes is possible.
https://ie.energy/earth_engine/
Earth Engine
Power that uses no fossil fuels, produces no heat, and requires no combustion.
Earth Engine is the world’s first and only power source propelled by Asymmetrical Magnetic Propulsion. It can generate electricity, operate liquid pumps, air compressors, and other mechanical devices 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. It is fully independent of the power grid and offers significant cost savings over other technologies. Earth Engine creates constant, reliable, and renewable energy.
Got Magnesium ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-oDjYNmKgo
Serious Side-Effects from Excess Calcium (Soft-Tissue Calcium) by Dr. Berg
Dr. Eric Berg DC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTEYCKFI01E
Estrogen & Your Prostate
https://news.utexas.edu/2019/03/13/solar-powered-moisture-harvester-collects-and-cleans-water-from-air/
Solar-Powered Moisture Harvester Collects and Cleans Water from Air
Access to clean water remains one of the biggest challenges facing humankind. A breakthrough by engineers at The University of Texas at Austin may offer a new solution through solar-powered technology that absorbs moisture from the air and returns it as clean, usable water.
The breakthrough, described in a recent issue of the journal Advanced Materials, could be used in disaster situations, water crises or poverty-stricken areas and developing countries. The technology relies on hydrogels, gel-polymer hybrid materials designed to be “super sponges” that can retain large amounts of water.
A research team led by Guihua Yu in UT Austin’s Cockrell School of Engineering combined hydrogels that are both highly water absorbent and can release water upon heating. This unique combination has been successfully proved to work in humid and dry weather conditions and is crucial to enabling the production of clean, safe drinking water from the air.
With an estimated 50,000 cubic kilometers of water contained in the atmosphere, this new system could tap into those reserves and potentially lead to small, inexpensive and portable filtration systems.
“We have developed a completely passive system where all you need to do is leave the hydrogel outside and it will collect water,” said Fei Zhao, a postdoctoral researcher on Yu’s team and co-author of the study. “The collected water will remain stored in the hydrogel until you expose it to sunlight. After about five minutes under natural sunlight, the water releases.”
This technology builds upon a 2018 breakthrough made by Yu and Zhao in which they developed a solar-powered water purification innovation using hydrogels that cleans water from any source using only solar energy. The team’s new innovation takes that work a step further by using the water that already exists in the atmosphere. For both hydrogel-based technologies, Yu and his research team developed a way to combine materials that possess both hygroscopic (water-absorbing) qualities and thermal-responsive hydrophilicity (the ability to release water upon simple heating).
“The new material is designed to both harvest moisture from the air and produce clean water under sunlight, avoiding intensive energy consumption,” said Yu, an associate professor of materials science and mechanical engineering.
Harvesting water from moisture is not exactly a new concept. Most refrigerators keep things cool through a vapor condensation process. However, the common fridge requires lots of energy to perform that action. The UT team’s technology requires only solar power, is compact and can still produce enough water to meet the daily needs of an average household. Prototype tests showed daily water production of up to 50 liters per kilogram of hydrogel.
Representing a novel strategy to improve upon atmospheric water harvesting techniques being used today, the technology could also replace core components in existing solar-powered water purification systems or other moisture-absorbing technologies.
Yu and his team have filed a patent, and Yu is working with UT’s Office of Technology Commercialization on the licensing and commercialization of this innovative class of hydrogels. The research was funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation and the National Science Foundation.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201806446
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806446
Super Moisture-Absorbent Gels for All-Weather Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Fei Zhao, et al.
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH)—producing fresh water via collecting moisture from air—enables sustainable water delivery without geographical and hydrologic limitations. However, the fundamental design principle to prepare materials that can convert the water vapor in the air to collectible liquid water is still mostly unknown. Here, a super moisture-absorbent gel, which is composed of hygroscopic polypyrrole chloride penetrating in hydrophilicity-switchable polymeric network of poly N-isopropylacrylamide, is shown. Based on such design, a high-efficiency water production by AWH has been achieved in a broad range of relative humidity. The synergistic effect enabled by the molecular level integration of hygroscopic and hydrophilicity-switchable polymers in a network architecture presents controllable interaction between the gel and water molecules, simultaneously realizing efficient vapor capturing, in situ water liquefaction, high-density water storage and fast water releasing under different weather conditions. Being an effective method to regulate migration of water molecules, such design represents a novel strategy to improve the AWH, and it is also fundamental to other water management systems for environmental cooling, surficial moisturizing and beyond.
WO2018148482Inventor: YU GUIHUA, et al.
ATMOSPHERIC WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Disclosed herein are water harvesting networks. The harvesters allow extraction and collection of moisture from the atmosphere without requiring electrical energy inputs.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to materials and methods for efficiently extracting potable water from atmospheric moisture.
BACKGROUND
Providing potable water to the world's population remains one of the greatest challenges of our time. It is estimated that over one billion people in the world lack sufficient access to water, and close to 2.7 billion people find access to water scarce. The problem is especially frustrating as water covers over 70% of the earth's surface. However, of all the world's water, only 3% is fresh water; the remainder is non-potable salt water. Furthermore, two-thirds of fresh water supplies is inaccessible, as it is locked away in glaciers. There have been numerous attempts to convert ocean water to drinking water. Systems include reverse osmosis and solar desalinization. However, these solutions are only practical in coastal environments. Many of the world's water-starved regions are far inland, away from the oceans. Strategies other than desalinization have also been explored, for instance moisture extraction from the air. Conventional atmospheric moisture harvesting devices include condensing and cooling devices. However, these devices can be difficult and expensive to operate, and typically require electrical inputs to function. Such devices are not ideal for many of the most water-starved regions. Moreover, many moisture harvesters only function well in high humidity environments. Many regions lacking water security, however, are arid and dry throughout the year. More recently, researchers have explored hydrogels and various polymers to extract water from the air. However, while many materials that readily absorb moisture are known, substantially less common are those materials that will also readily release the absorbed water. Thermodynamically, a material that absorbs water under particular conditions will not release water under the same conditions without an additional energy input. Conductive hydrogels have been proposed that absorb/release moisture depending on the charge applied to the system. However, like conventional condensers, such systems require external electrical inputs.
There remains a need for water harvesters capable of efficiently extracting moisture from the atmosphere, even in low humidity environments. There remains a need for water harvesters that do not include a complex array of engineered parts, and that are operable without electrical energy inputs.
SUMMARY
Disclosed herein are compositions and methods which address one or more of the foregoing needs. In particular are disclosed water harvesting polymer networks capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture, including in low humidity conditions. Also disclosed are water harvesting polymer networks capable of absorbing and release moisture without electrical energy inputs. The water harvesting polymer networks can include one or more thermoresponsive water storage polymers, permitting operation using solar energy.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the descriptions below. Other features, obj ects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and from the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The moisture harvesting networks include interpenetrating networks of hygroscopic polymers and thermoresponsive water storage polymers. Interpenetrating networks include those formed by forming one of the polymers (by polymerization) in the presence of the already -formed other polymer. The hygroscopic system absorbs moisture from the air, which is stored and selectively released by the thermoresponsive water storage system. As used herein, a moisture harvesting network can be designated a "super moisture absorbent gels," or "SMAG." The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") values can be used to determine if a network includes interpenetrating polymers. For instance, the interpenetrating networks disclosed herein will have lower G', lower G", or both lower G' and G" values than either the pure hygroscopic polymer, pure thermoresponsive water storage polymer, or simple mixtures of hygroscopic polymer and thermoresponsive water storage polymer. A simple mixture refers to the combination of two separately formed polymers. In certain embodiments, the storage modulus of the interpenetrating network will be less than the storage modulus of a simple mixture of the same polymers, in the same amounts. For instance, the storage modulus of the interpenetrating network can be 10% less, 25% less, 50% less, or 75% less than the storage modulus of the equivalent simple mixture of the same polymers. In certain embodiments, the loss modulus of the interpenetrating network will be less than the loss modulus of a simple mixture of the same polymers, in the same amounts. For instance, the loss modulus of the interpenetrating network can be 10% less, 25% less, 50% less, or 75% less than the loss modulus of the equivalent simple mixture of the same polymers.
Hygroscopic polymer systems include those capable of extracting water from the atmosphere. Hygroscopic polymers include those that can absorb at least 50%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 250%, at least 300%, at least 350%, at least 400%, at least 450%, at least 500%, at least 550%, at least 600%, at least 650%, at least 700%, at least 750%, at least 800%, at least 850%, at least 900%, at least 950%, or at least 1000% by weight of water, relative to the dry weight of the polymer. Hygroscopic polymers include those having a mass average molar mass of less than 500,000, less than 450,000, less than 400,000, less than 350,000, less than 300,000, less than 250,000, less than 200,000, less than 175,000, less than 150,000, less than 125,000, less than 100,000, less than 75,000, or less than 50,000. Exemplary hygroscopic polymers include polyesters, polycarbonates, poly(meth)acrylates, polyacrylonitriles (e.g., ABS resins), poly(meth)acylamides, polysaccharides, polyheterocycles, and polysiloxanes...
Thermoresponsive polymers include those which selectively retain or release water based on temperature. Such systems exhibit a volume phase transition at a certain temperature, resulting in a sudden change of the solvation state. Polymers that become less soluble (or insoluble) in water as temperature increases are characterized by a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST). Thermoresponsive polymers that can be used in water harvesting systems can have an LCST from about 10-80° C, 20-70° C, 25-70° C, 30-70° C, 30-65° C, or 30-60° C.
In some instances, the thermoresponsive water storage polymer can include one or more poly(N-alkylacrylamides), poly(N,N dialkylacrylamides), poly(acrylic acids), poly(vinyl ethers), or poly(vinylcaprolactams). Thermoresponsive water storage polymers can be derived from one or more monomers including N-alkylacrylamides, N,N- dialkylacrylamides, vinyl ethers, acrylic acid, and vinylcaprolactam. The thermoresponsive water storage polymer can further include monomers such as acrylic acid and/or acrylamide. The N-alkylacrylamide can be an N-Ci-C4alkylacrylamide, the N,N-dialkylacrylamide can be an N,N-di(Ci-C4)alkylacrylamide. The alkyl groups in in the N,N-dialkylacrylamides can be the same, or can be different. When the thermoresponsive polymer is a copolymer, it can be a random copolymer or block copolymer. Exemplary thermoresponsive storage polymers can be derived from N-alkylacrylamide and/or N,N-dialkylacrylamide monomers, and may further be derived from acrylic acid, including salts thereof, and/or acrylamide. The thermoresponsive storage polymer can be derived from one or more monomers such as methylacrylamide, ethylacrylamide, n-propylacrylamide, iso-propylacrylamide, n- butylacrylamide, iso-butylacrylamide, sec-butylacrylamide, tert-butylacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, di-n-propylacrylamide, di-iso-propylacrylamide, N- methyl-N-ethylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-n-propylacrylamide, N-ethyl-N-n-propylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-iso-propylacrylamide, and N-ethyl-N-iso-propylacrylamide. In some instance, the thermoresponsive polymer is derived from monomers including N-isopropylacrylamide or N,N-diethylacrylamide, and can further include monomers of acrylamide and/or acrylic acid. In certain embodiments, the thermoresponsive polymer can include block copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide...
Because the water harvesting networks disclosed herein include thermoresponsive water storage polymers, they can be utilized without the use of electricity or other artificial energy outputs. For instance, the water harvested can be placed in a cool environment, for instance in the shade or overnight, to absorb water. The hydrated harvester can be placed in a collector and exposed to sunlight. As the sun heats the network, the thermoresponsive polymer undergoes a phase transition, releasing water into the collector. For instance, the network can be heated to a temperature of at least 30° C, at least 35° C, or at least 40° C, at which time the absorbed water will be rapidly released from the network. Generally, at least 50% of the water will be released in less than 60 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 30 minutes, less than 20 minutes, or less than 10 minutes when the network is heated to a temperature greater than the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of thethermoresponsive water storage polymer.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are set forth below to illustrate the methods and results according to the disclosed subject matter. These examples are not intended to be inclusive of all aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, but rather to illustrate representative methods, compositions, and results. These examples are not intended to exclude equivalents and variations of the present invention, which are apparent to one skilled in the art.
Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.) but some errors and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperature is in °C or is at ambient temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric. There are numerous variations and combinations of reaction conditions, e.g., component concentrations, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction ranges and conditions that can be used to optimize the product purity and yield obtained from the described process. Only reasonable and routine experimentation will be required to optimize such process conditions.
Example 1: Interpenetrating network formed by polymerizing a thermoresponsive polymer in the presence of a hygroscopic polymer
Pyrrole monomer, ammonium persulfate ("APS") and LiCl (molar ratio 1 : 1 : 1) was gradually added into an aqueous HC1 solution (3.7 % wt). The polymerization reaction was stopped by vacuum filtering and washing. The obtained black product was dispersed in DI water by sonication. The resulting PPyCl polymer (50 µg), N-isopropylacrylamide
("NIP AM") monomers (567 mg), N, N-tetramethylenediamine (10 µ?) and deionized water (10 mL) were mixed together and purged with nitrogen for ten minutes, followed by centrifugation for five min with a speed of 7000 rpm. Then ?',?'-methylenebisacrylamide (0.3 mg) and APS (0.56 mg) were added into the solution. The polymerization was carried out for 12 h. The obtained hydrogel was immersed into DI water overnight to remove unreacted monomers. As shown in Figure 8, the resulting material showed good water absorbing/releasing properties over multiple cycles. Figure 9 depicts an FT-IR spectrum of NIP AM alone, PPyCl alone and the interpenetrating network.
Example 2: Interpenetrating network formed by polymerizing a hygroscopic polymer in the presence of a thermoresponsive polymer
N-isopropylacrylamide monomers (567 mg), N, N-tetramethylenediamine (10 µ?) acting as accelerator and deionized (DI) water (10 mL) were mixed together and purged with nitrogen for 10 min (Solution E). The bubbles in the solution E was removed by centrifugation for 5 min at a speed of 7000 rpm. Then the N', N'-methylenebisacrylamide and solution (100 µ?, 30 mg/mL) acting as the cross linker and ammonium persulfate solution (APS, 50 228 mg/mL) acting as the initiator were added into 1 mL solution E under sonication. The polymerization was carried out for 12 h. The obtained poly-NIPAM hydrogel was immersed into hot DI water (ca. 80 °C) for 12 h to remove unreacted monomers.
Poly-NIPAM hydrogel (ca. 1 cm<3>) was immersed in hot DI water (80 °C) to be completely shrunk and then transferred into pyrrole solution (volume ratio of pyrrole and water is 1 : 10) overnight. The swollen hydrogel was washed with DI water. Then, the poly -NIP AM/Py hydrogel was immersed into a solution of ammonium persulfate (228 mg), lithium chloride (127 mg), 37% hydrochloride (85 uL) and 10 mL DI water. The hybrid gel was formed overnight by in situ polymerization within the poly-NIPAM hydrogel. Finally, the obtained poly-NIPAM/PPy-Cl was immersed into hot DI water (ca. 80 °C) for 3 h to remove unreacted monomers. The purification step was repeated 3 times.
The G' and G" values of pure poly-NIPAM gel, poly -NIP AM/PPy-Cl gel and SMAG are shown in fig. S2. Their gel states are revealed by the wide linear viscoelastic region in the dynamic frequency sweep experiments and further confirmed by the fact that the value of storage modulus is higher than that of the loss modulus in each case. The poly-NIP AM/PPy- Cl gel sample shows identical G' and G" values with those of pure poly-NIPAM gel, which is attributed to the similar skeleton structure brought by the continuous and flexible polymeric network of the poly-NIPAM. On the contrary, the G' and G" values of SMAG are significantly lower than that of the poly -NIP AM/PPy-Cl gel, indicating a weakened skeleton. Moreover, the G" of SMAG and all the control samples based on poly-NIPAM show identical trend (e.g. inflection point at -50 Hz), indicating that the framework of SMAG was established by the poly-NIPAM network.
Example 3: Water harvesting evaluation
The RH can be stabilized to a required value by a certain super-saturated salt solution. To evaluate the hygroscopicity, the obtained samples were attached in the nylon mesh bag, which was suspended above the super-saturated salt solution in an enclosed container (without air convection) at a temperature of 25 °C (achieved by constant temperature oven) to create required RH level. Additionally, since the RH is related to the air pressure, a needle was used to connect internal space and atmosphere, maintaining an ambient air pressure. A series of RH can be achieved by specially selected salts.
Image available on "Original document"
The network prepared in Example 2 was cut into sheets with thickness of ~5 mm were cut into small pieces with area of 1 cm<2>. The obtained tablets were completely dried in vacuum oven at 100 °C. The dried network (50 g) was bagged by meshed nylon and exposed to moisture air at certain relative humidity (RH). After that the hydrated tablets were heated by the solar radiation (lkW m<"2>) to release the containing water in a closed transparent container. The volume of collected water was directly measured by a graduated cylinder. For a typical AWH cycle at RH of 60% and 90 %, the time of water capturing and releasing were 50 min and 10 min, respectively. For a typical AWH cycle at RH of 30 %, the time of water capturing and releasing were 280 min and 80 min, respectively. Figure 11 depicts the water absorption isotherms of SMAG networks at different relative humidities.
Example 4: Atmospheric water harvesting (AWG)
Small SMAG tablets (Fig. 14 A) were packaged in transparent nylon mesh bags (Fig.14A I and II), which were exposed to air for water capturing and placed on the upper layer of a closed container for water releasing, demonstrating a scalable, potentially low-cost atmospheric water harvester. The solar vaporized water (i.e. normal mode) was condensed on the transparent condenser (Fig. 14A III) and flowed to the bottom, converging with the directly released water upon the express mode (Fig. 14A IV). As shown in Fig 14 B and C, upon exposure to the moist air, the original dry SMAG bags display a visible swelling after several hours, indicating that the moisture can be captured by the SMAGs. The subsequent water releasing of swollen SMAGs was processed by placing the container under natural sunlight.
The AWH experiment was carried out from 5:00 a.m. (ca. 1 hour before sunrise) to 9:00 a.m. under a sunshade, where the ambient temperature, RH and dew point temperature were traced (Fig. 14D). In the early -morning, the RH was around 85 %, indicating an ideal environment for rapid water harvesting. However, the comparison of ambient temperature (Fig. 14D) and dew point temperature (Fig. 14D) eliminated the possibility of spontaneous water condensation. Upon exposure to the ambient, the water uptake of SMAG tablets can be increased to 5.4 g g<"1>in four hours with an average water capturing rate of ca. 1.3 g g<"1>h<"1>. Subsequently, the hydrated SMAGs were retrieved and exposed to the sunlight (ca. 0.7 kW m<"2>) from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (Fig. 14E). The water adsorbed at the surface of SMAG tablets can be evaporated by the solar heating, increasing the internal RH of the container (to a saturated state). When the SMAGs were heated to ca. 40 °C, its surface temperature variation was slowed down (Fig. 14E), indicating a stimulated water releasing in the express mode. The quantitative monitoring of water uptake (Fig. 14E) further confirmed a major water release of 3.9 g g<"1>from 10:40 to 11 :20. After that, the surface temperature of SMAG gradually increased to ca. 63 °C, which was an equilibrium temperature upon evaporation cooling and solar heating due to the water release in the normal mode. It still contributed to a continuous water release (ca. 0.4 g g<"1>h<"1>) after 11 :20. Moreover, the condenser maintained a low temperature (Fig. 14E), enabling a steady condensation of vaporized water. The internal air temperature went beyond 40 °C after 12:00 a.m. (Fig. 14E), suggesting that the main water releasing process was finished. It was worth noting that, although the environmental RH is fluctuant and the natural sunlight is relatively weak compared with most of drought regions around the world, the SMAG presents efficient water production. These results indicate that the SMAGs enables a flexible AWH adapting to the varying environment, revealing its potential for practical applications.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoYTFaiP8DY
5g. From the guy installing it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eIiIdh3khs
Rare George Adamski UFO Sightings From The Archive They Said Didn't Exist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=226&v=pKB-38VaveQ
Leaked New Footage Proves Missile Hit Pentagon! Before It's News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=36&v=82vwEFm0qyw
Hotel Video Shows No Plane Hit the Pentagon on 9/11
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b02180
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b02180
A Self-Consistent Sonification Method to Translate Amino Acid Sequences into Musical Compositions and Application in Protein Design Using Artificial Intelligence
Chi-Hua YuZhao QinFrancisco J. Martin-MartinezMarkus J. Buehler
Abstract
We report a self-consistent method to translate amino acid sequences into audible sound, use the representation in the musical space to train a neural network, and then apply it to generate protein designs using artificial intelligence (AI). The sonification method proposed here uses the normal mode vibrations of the amino acid building blocks of proteins to compute an audible representation of each of the 20 natural amino acids, which is fully defined by the overlay of its respective natural vibrations. The vibrational frequencies are transposed to the audible spectrum following the musical concept of transpositional equivalence, playing or writing music in a way that makes it sound higher or lower in pitch while retaining the relationships between tones or chords played. This transposition method ensures that the relative values of the vibrational frequencies within each amino acid and among different amino acids are retained. The characteristic frequency spectrum and sound associated with each of the amino acids represents a type of musical scale that consists of 20 tones, the “amino acid scale”. To create a playable instrument, each tone associated with the amino acids is assigned to a specific key on a piano roll, which allows us to map the sequence of amino acids in proteins into a musical score. To reflect higher-order structural details of proteins, the volume and duration of the notes associated with each amino acid are defined by the secondary structure of proteins, computed using DSSP and thereby introducing musical rhythm. We then train a recurrent neural network based on a large set of musical scores generated by this sonification method and use AI to generate musical compositions, capturing the innate relationships between amino acid sequence and protein structure. We then translate the de novo musical data generated by AI into protein sequences, thereby obtaining de novo protein designs that feature specific design characteristics. We illustrate the approach in several examples that reflect the sonification of protein sequences, including multihour audible representations of natural proteins and protein-based musical compositions solely generated by AI. The approach proposed here may provide an avenue for understanding sequence patterns, variations, and mutations and offers an outreach mechanism to explain the significance of protein sequences. The method may also offer insight into protein folding and understanding the context of the amino acid sequence in defining the secondary and higher-order folded structure of proteins and could hence be used to detect the effects of mutations through sound.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190626125052.htm
Want to create a brand new type of protein that might have useful properties? No problem. Just hum a few bars.
In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. Then, reversing the process, they can introduce some variations into the music and convert it back into new proteins never before seen in nature.
Although it's not quite as simple as humming a new protein into existence, the new system comes close. It provides a systematic way of translating a protein's sequence of amino acids into a musical sequence, using the physical properties of the molecules to determine the sounds. Although the sounds are transposed in order to bring them within the audible range for humans, the tones and their relationships are based on the actual vibrational frequencies of each amino acid molecule itself, computed using theories from quantum chemistry.
The system was developed by Markus Buehler, the McAfee Professor of Engineering and head of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT, along with postdoc Chi Hua Yu and two others. As described in the journal ACS Nano, the system translates the 20 types of amino acids, the building blocks that join together in chains to form all proteins, into a 20-tone scale. Any protein's long sequence of amino acids then becomes a sequence of notes.
While such a scale sounds unfamiliar to people accustomed to Western musical traditions, listeners can readily recognize the relationships and differences after familiarizing themselves with the sounds. Buehler says that after listening to the resulting melodies, he is now able to distinguish certain amino acid sequences that correspond to proteins with specific structural functions. "That's a beta sheet," he might say, or "that's an alpha helix."
Learning the language of proteins
The whole concept, Buehler explains, is to get a better handle on understanding proteins and their vast array of variations. Proteins make up the structural material of skin, bone, and muscle, but are also enzymes, signaling chemicals, molecular switches, and a host of other functional materials that make up the machinery of all living things. But their structures, including the way they fold themselves into the shapes that often determine their functions, are exceedingly complicated. "They have their own language, and we don't know how it works," he says. "We don't know what makes a silk protein a silk protein or what patterns reflect the functions found in an enzyme. We don't know the code."
By translating that language into a different form that humans are particularly well-attuned to, and that allows different aspects of the information to be encoded in different dimensions -- pitch, volume, and duration -- Buehler and his team hope to glean new insights into the relationships and differences between different families of proteins and their variations, and use this as a way of exploring the many possible tweaks and modifications of their structure and function. As with music, the structure of proteins is hierarchical, with different levels of structure at different scales of length or time.
The team then used an artificial intelligence system to study the catalog of melodies produced by a wide variety of different proteins. They had the AI system introduce slight changes in the musical sequence or create completely new sequences, and then translated the sounds back into proteins that correspond to the modified or newly designed versions. With this process they were able to create variations of existing proteins -- for example of one found in spider silk, one of nature's strongest materials -- thus making new proteins unlike any produced by evolution.
Although the researchers themselves may not know the underlying rules, "the AI has learned the language of how proteins are designed," and it can encode it to create variations of existing versions, or completely new protein designs, Buehler says. Given that there are "trillions and trillions" of potential combinations, he says, when it comes to creating new proteins "you wouldn't be able to do it from scratch, but that's what the AI can do."
"Composing" new proteins
By using such a system, he says training the AI system with a set of data for a particular class of proteins might take a few days, but it can then produce a design for a new variant within microseconds. "No other method comes close," he says. "The shortcoming is the model doesn't tell us what's really going on inside. We just know it works."
This way of encoding structure into music does reflect a deeper reality. "When you look at a molecule in a textbook, it's static," Buehler says. "But it's not static at all. It's moving and vibrating. Every bit of matter is a set of vibrations. And we can use this concept as a way of describing matter."
The method does not yet allow for any kind of directed modifications -- any changes in properties such as mechanical strength, elasticity, or chemical reactivity will be essentially random. "You still need to do the experiment," he says. When a new protein variant is produced, "there's no way to predict what it will do."
The team also created musical compositions developed from the sounds of amino acids, which define this new 20-tone musical scale. The art pieces they constructed consist entirely of the sounds generated from amino acids. "There are no synthetic or natural instruments used, showing how this new source of sounds can be utilized as a creative platform," Buehler says. Musical motifs derived from both naturally existing proteins and AI-generated proteins are used throughout the examples, and all the sounds, including some that resemble bass or snare drums, are also generated from the sounds of amino acids.
The researchers have created a free Android smartphone app, called Amino Acid Synthesizer, to play the sounds of amino acids and record protein sequences as musical compositions.
https://kellybroganmd.com/
Tantalizing Evidence of a Brain Microbiome
By Kelly Brosgan MD Team
By now, almost everyone has heard of the human microbiome - the collection of viruses, bacteria, and fungi that play a pivotal role in our health and cognitive functioning. Also called the microbiota, we’ve long assumed that the microbiome consists of microbes that reside along our gastrointestinal tract - and more recently, on our skin. That’s logical enough; microbes live on our interfaces with the outside world. Conversely, there are certain areas in the human body that are assumed to be sterile, aka free of microbes, like the eye and the womb. However, advances in analytical techniques enabled researchers to recently identify the placental microbiome1 and eye microbiome2 that are present in healthy people. That’s pretty cool, but there definitely couldn’t be microbes in our brains, the most protected area of our bodies, right?
A head-turning poster3 at the November 2018 Society for Neuroscience scientific conference called into question the assumption of the brain as a sterile, bacteria-free zone. A team of researchers from The University of Alabama in Birmingham (UAB), led by Professor Rosalinda Roberts, showed high-resolution microscope images of mouse and human brains that depicted bacteria happily residing in astrocytes, star-shaped brain cells that interact with and support neurons...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMcjPZgK9GM&list=RDDDOIL5OqvYs&index=3
Roy Buchanan - Hey Joe (Live From Austin TX)
One of the pioneers of the telecaster sound, he was noted for his use of note bending, volume swells, staccato runs and "pinch" harmonics. He is considered by many to be one of America's most soulful guitar masters, and even 20 years after his death, he maintains an army of devoted fans, including some of rock guitar's greatest (just ask Jeff Beck, Robbie Robertson or Billy Gibbons). This performance, captured on the ACL stage on November 15, 1976, shows Roy Buchanan in his prime at the age of 37. Indeed, it may well be the best high-quality audio/video recording of his complete performance known to exist.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100769
Sugar in mind: Untangling a sweet and sour relationship beyond type 2 diabetes
NicolasCherbuin, Erin I.Walsh
“Higher normal” blood glucose levels contribute to neurodegenerative processes... Effects progressively increase from “high normal”, impaired fasting glucose to T2D... Neurodegeneration related to glucose metabolism impairs cognitive function... The same risk factors are implicated across the glucose impairment continuum.
Abstract
It is widely recognised that type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a major disease burden but it is only recently that its role in neurodegeneration has attracted more attention. This research has shown that T2D is associated with impaired cerebral health, cognitive decline and dementia. However, the impact on the brain of progressive metabolic changes associated with the pre-clinical development of the disease is less clear. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarise how the emergence of risk factors and co-morbid conditions linked to the development of T2D impact cerebral health. Particular attention is directed at characterising how normal but elevated blood glucose levels in individuals without T2D contribute to neurodegenerative processes, and how the main risk factors for T2D including obesity, physical activity and diet modulate these effects. Where available, evidence from the animal and human literature is contrasted, and sex differences in risk and outcomes are highlighted.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rL8vRVEjYB8
Methanol Poisoning Signs And Treatment: Aspartame is a Major Cause [Analysis by Dr. Betty Martini]
By Stephen Fox
Jim Turner Recalls Rumsfeld Meeting over Nutrasweet Toxicity Rumsfeld was heard to say by many, .I don't care how many people it [NutraSweet] kills, I want it on the market.. Consumer advocate attorney Jim Turner...
https://truththeory.com/2019/06/16/this-container-makes-2000-liters-of-water-a-day-out-of-air/
This Container Makes 2000 Liters Of Water A Day Out Of Air
In a veritable twist on Jesus turning water into wine, here we have a device that turns air into water. Now, not only is that sheer genius, it is also useful considering sustainable development.
After creating a shipping container that would convert air into water, California designers David Hertz and Rich Groden were the obvious winners of the Water Abundance XPrize. Their device was successful in satisfying the water needs of 100 people.
This competition began in 2016 with a focus to create water out of nature, which would be increasingly cheap (2 cents a litre). About 100 teams had participated in this, all trying to draw out 2000 litres per day simply out of the moisture present. Groden and Hertz’s team Skywater/Sky source Alliance were the final winners as their project was the best example of decentralised access to water, which would prevent any monopoly over it.
The creation called ‘WeDew’ is actually a combination of two devices that work in sync with each other to create water. This is also an abbreviation for the system they use – wood to energy deployed water system. The first machine is called the Skywater, which is a generator created by Groden and basically, it emulates the functions of clouds. It forms drops of water which are condensed in a tank and trapped for later use.
The other device is a gasifier that helps in providing the energy required to start such a machine. It needs wood or coconut pieces to produce the amount of heat that would be required to produce an optimum environment for the device to operate efficiently.
In an interview with Fast News, Hertz told that this was a company which used carbon negative technology. He further mentioned that this was what all companies would use in the future to repent for what they have done to this Earth over the millennia.
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While they won the award, they weren’t the only ones with an innovative design. The runners up of the competition were Hawaii based JMCC WING, who received $150000 for their innovative wind energy system that extracted water from the atmosphere.
According to UNICEF reports, around 2.1 billion people in the world face water shortage. And therefore all these designs are supremely important as they focus on water conservation. With respect to their innovation, both designers are planning to implement their designs all over the world. For this, they are collaborating with several NGOs around the world in order to help water-scarce countries.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190603102549.htm
Brush your teeth -- postpone Alzheimer's
Researchers in Norway have discovered a clear connection between oral health and Alzheimer's disease.
ou don't only avoid holes in your teeth by keeping good oral hygiene, researchers at the University of Bergen have discovered a clear connection between gum disease and Alzheimer´s disease.
The researchers have determined that gum disease (gingivitis) plays a decisive role in whether a person developes Alzheimer´s or not.
"We discovered DNA-based proof that the bacteria causing gingivitis can move from the mouth to the brain," says researcher Piotr Mydel at Broegelmanns Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen (UiB).
The bacteria produces a protein that destroys nerve cells in the brain, which in turn leads to loss of memory and ultimately, Alzheimer´s.
Brush your teeth for better memory
Mydel points out that the bacteria is not causing Alzheimer´s alone, but the presence of these bacteria raise the risk for developing the disease substantially and are also implicated in a more rapid progression of the disease. However, the good news is that this study shows that there are some things you can do yourself to slow down Alzheimer´s.
"Brush your teeth and use floss." Mydel adds that it is important, if you have established gingivitis and have Alzheimer´s in your family, to go to your dentist regularly and clean your teeth properly.
New medicine being developed
Researchers have previously discovered that the bacteria causing gingivitis can move from the mouth to the brain where theharmful enzymes they excrete can destroy the nerve cells in the brain. Now, for the first time, Mydel has DNA-evidence for this process from human brains. Mydel and his colleagues examined 53 persons with Alzheimer´s and discovered the enzyme in 96 per cent of the cases.According to Mydel, this knowledge gives researchers a possible new approach for attacking Alzheimer´s disease.
"We have managed to develop a drug that blocks the harmful enzymes from the bacteria, postponing the development of Alzheimer´s. We are planning to test this drug later this year, says Piotr Mydel.
https://www.rt.com/news/461682-blood-type-gut-bacteria/https://www.rt.com/news/461682-blood-type-gut-bacteria/
Blood donation breakthrough sees scientists convert all types to O using gut bacteria
In a breakthrough that could save thousands of lives, scientists have found a way to convert all blood types to the universal type that is safe for all patients to receive, by using microbes found in the human gut.
Researchers from the University of British Columbia have figured out how to convert blood types A, B and AB into the universal Type O, which all patients can receive in a transfusion, regardless of their own blood type.
Blood types are differentiated by the kinds of sugar found on the surface of red blood cells. Type O has no sugars. Scientists had realized that some enzymes can remove the sugars from A, B and AB blood cells, turning them into Type O, but they hadn’t found an enzyme that was safe, efficient and economical, until they considered the gut.
The human digestive tract has the same sugars found on blood cells, and bacterial enzymes found in feces strip the sugars from the lining to aid digestion. The scientists were able to isolate the enzyme and use it to strip blood of its sugars in a more efficient way than any other enzyme.
The scientists made the exciting discovery last August, but have just published the results of their research in the journal Nature Microbiology.
The next step is for the team to test the enzyme conversion in a clinical setting to see if there are any side effects of the procedure. If none are found, the future of blood donation will change for the better.
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