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Sci-Tech News & Olds
May 2014
Sci-Tech News & Olds
May 2014
WARREN, Travis, et al. : BCX4430 vs Ebola
Free Online Courses
SALZMANN, Michael : New Water
LUDWIG, Thorsten : Hans Coler / Stromzeuger & Magnetstromapparat Experiments
WITZSCHE, Rolf : Instant Ice Age
DIAZ, Illac : "Liter of Light" Solar Lightbulb
KANAN, Matthew, et al. : Catalytic Production of Ethanol from CO2
TAGHIAN, Toloo, et al. : High-Frequency Accelerated Wound Healing
DANKOVICH, Theresa : NanoSilver Water Purifier
Photoinactivation of Gram-Positive Bacteria
BERNAYS, Edward : Propaganda [ PDF ]
DMSO / Vitamin C vs Cancer
Ohoo Algae Gel
Fullerene Manufacture Patents
STUDT, Felix et al. : Catalyst for Methanol Production
JI, David, et al. : Cellulose Supercapacitor
BCX4430 vs Ebola
[Excerpts]
realclearscience.com
April 21, 2014
Possible Cure for Ebola Virus
Infection?
by
Alex B. Berezow
by
Alex B. Berezow
...In the journal Nature, scientists -- who conducted much of their work in the secretive, high-containment biological laboratory maintained by USAMRIID at Fort Detrick, Maryland -- have reported the discovery of a small molecule that rescues rodents and monkeys from various hemorrhagic fevers. Even more, the drug exhibited activity against a wide range of viruses.
The molecule, named BCX4430... can be accidentally used by the virus when it is trying to grow inside of our cells. For the virus, this is a fatal mistake. BCX4430 blocks further growth and reproduction...
The most compelling experiment the research team ran involved the infection of cynomolgus macaque monkeys with deadly Marburg virus. Macaques were given twice daily doses of BCX4430 for 14 days beginning 1 hour, 24 hours, or 48 hours post-infection. (See graph. There were six monkeys in each treatment group.)
As shown above, all of the monkeys that did not receive BCX4430 (labeled "vehicle") died by day 12. However, every monkey (except for one) that received a dose of BCX4430 survived, even if the initial dose came 48 hours after infection. In total, 17 out of 18 treated monkeys lived...
Amazingly, in vitro experiments showed that BCX4430 could potentially work against a wide range of viruses, including SARS, MERS, influenza, dengue, and measles.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13027.html
Nature 508: 402-405 (2014).
doi:10.1038/nature13027
Protection against filovirus diseases
by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430
Travis K. Warren, et al.
Filoviruses are emerging pathogens and causative agents of viral
haemorrhagic fever. Case fatality rates of filovirus disease
outbreaks are among the highest reported for any human pathogen,
exceeding 90% (ref. 1). Licensed therapeutic or vaccine products
are not available to treat filovirus diseases. Candidate
therapeutics previously shown to be efficacious in non-human
primate disease models are based on virus-specific designs and
have limited broad-spectrum antiviral potential. Here we show that
BCX4430, a novel synthetic adenosine analogue, inhibits infection
of distinct filoviruses in human cells. Biochemical,
reporter-based and primer-extension assays indicate that BCX4430
inhibits viral RNA polymerase function, acting as a non-obligate
RNA chain terminator. Post-exposure intramuscular administration
of BCX4430 protects against Ebola virus and Marburg virus disease
in rodent models. Most importantly, BCX4430 completely protects
cynomolgus macaques from Marburg virus infection when administered
as late as 48 hours after infection. In addition, BCX4430 exhibits
broad-spectrum antiviral activity against numerous viruses,
including bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, paramyxoviruses,
coronaviruses and flaviviruses. This is the first report, to our
knowledge, of non-human primate protection from filovirus disease
by a synthetic drug-like small molecule. We provide additional
pharmacological characterizations supporting the potential
development of BCX4430 as a countermeasure against human filovirus
diseases and other viral diseases representing major public health
threats.Travis K. Warren, et al.
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SALZMANN, Michael : New Water
newwatersources.org
Water is still being created by geological forces. That water, usually in a potable form, comes to the earth's surface in thousands of places, some well known like Jericho and Bahrain where it has provided drinking water for thousands of people for thousands of years. It pours into deep mines all over the world. Hundreds of houses on the rocky shores of Maine get their fresh water from wells drilled into the shoreline granite. Copenhagen gets all its water from a few wells. In Northern Europe, water that can be tapped by wells that do not depend on aquifers is called "ground water". The hallmark of new, or primary, water springs and wells is that they provide water at constant temperature and flow.
But this world-wide source of "new water" has been ignored by geologists and laymen in most countries including the United States. They were taught that all potable water comes from the "hydrological cycle" which merely recycles water already on the surface of our earth.
Michael H. Salzman, an engineer and administrator, researched, wrote and published a book providing detailed information on "new water". As published in 1960, it can be read and/or downloaded from this website. It is not readily available in libraries.
Mike was a long time friend. He handed me one of his last copies in 1970 and asked me to see if I could get some recognition for it. He told me some wealthy people wanting to get approval for funds to build an aqueduct to bring water from the Colorado River to southern California (they succeeded) had bought up and burned all the copies they could find. They also tried (and failed) to have him fired as Director of the Los Angeles Housing Authority.
Today, there is renewed interest in "new water". Two companies are working on projects to bring potable "new water" to areas where surface and ordinary well water are contaminated or nearly exhausted. Including wells for primary water drilled in Australia, Southern California and elsewhere, it appears more than 1,000 such wells have been drilled in recent years.
Free online PDF :
New Water for a Thirsty World
by
Michael Salzman
( 1960 )
by
Michael Salzman
( 1960 )
Contents ... Forward by Aldous Huxley and Preface ... Table of Contents ... Chapter l - Introduction ... Chapter 2 - What is Water? ... Chapter 3 - New Water ... Chapter 4 - The Modern Sience of Hydrology and its Limitations ... Chapter 5 - The Dynamic Earth, part I ... Chapter 6 - The Dynamic Earth, part II ... Chapter 7 - Man's Challenge ... Chapter 8 - References, Index & About the Author
Thorsten LUDWIG : Hans Coler / Stromzeuger
& Magnetstromapparat
http://vimeo.com/72048742
Thorsten Ludwig - Der Coler
Stromerzeuger (Clip)
Space energy exists , as scientists give - but to harness it is not yet . Stubbornly holding in the free-energy scene rumored that space power converter only therefore are not yet on the market , because powerful interests prevent this. The " Coler - power generator " seems to confirm this suspicion. Invented in the 1920s by the German researcher Hans Coler supplied the device , according to respected scientists actually have more energy than it consumed . But the outbreak of World War II stopped the development. After the war, the British Coler brought to their island , and soon after the inventor died. Dr. Thorsten Ludwig and Andreas Manthey of the German Association for Space Energy ( dvr - raumenergie.de ) felt decades later on an intelligence report , based on which they ventured to a replica of the legendary Coler - generator. The preliminary result they presented at the Free Energy Congress in Königstein.
The complete article is shown here:
bit.ly/ExoMagazin4-2013
http://www.thorstenludwig.de/aboutme.htm
Dr. Thorsten Ludwig
Bouchéstr. 12, Haus 6, 1. OG
12435 Berlin
Germany
Tel. +49 171 6280 357
Fax +49 3212 132 8252
Email: info aat thorstenludwig de
PDF :
Instant Ice Age
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf0JlHuX8ZY
FEAR THIS !!! An Ice Age caused by the sudden dimming of the electric plasma Sun may well occur within 30 years ( 50 at most ). We are not prepared : billions will die of starvation and cold. Got Electroculture ?
http://www.ice-age-ahead-iaa.ca/45/index.html
[ Rolf A. F. Witzsche ]
"Below a minimal plasma-density threshold, the primer fields collapse, the Sun becomes inactive. 70% less solar energy is being radiated. The Ice Age begins. The transition may be as short as a day."
Transcript :
Introduction to the dimmer Sun
In December 2012 the plasma physicist David LaPoint published a series of videos about a phenomenon that he called: 'The Primer Fields.' With his discovery he takes aim at long-held mistaken theories about the physical universe, including black holes, dark matter, and dark energy, which are not required to interpret the observed evidence of the universe.
In his videos David LaPoint illustrates the existence, and the operating principles, of the most basic electromagnetic fields that shape the solar system, the galactic system, and ultimately the cosmic environment. He suggests that these basic primal fields, which he discusses, are fundamental to the order and operation of the universe, and are even reflected in the transmission of light and the structure of matter itself, all the way down to its smallest subatomic forms.
On the gigantic scale the electromagnetic fields that he recognized to exist, and has explored in the laboratory, shape entire galaxies. They are so fundamental to almost everything, that he calls them "The Primer Fields." In fact, without the Primer Fields and their effects on our Sun and planets, even the galaxy itself, might not have been created, so that nothing would actually exist without them.
Star formation in a galaxy typically occurs in intensely focused and compressed plasma that the Primer Fields facilitate, to the point that nuclear fusion occurs, by which atoms, stars, planets, and entire galaxies are formed.
The term, Primer Fields, is also justified, because on the ' smaller' stage of our solar system, the operation of the Primer Fields, though they are correspondingly smaller in size than on the galactic scale seen here, is critical for the dynamic operation of our solar system as a single functional unit.
David LaPoint also discovered that the principles of the fields, that he calls the Primer Fields, is such that the galactic plasma streams that flow through the solar system become concentrated to a high degree of density around the Sun, which he replicated in principle in laboratory experiments. The result of his work brings a radically new dimension to the perception of the Sun and also of the dynamics of the ice ages.
The perception of the Sun as an electrically powered star has existed for a long time already. A large body of evidence exists to support the electric Sun theory. But it had a weak point. For the theory to work, a high concentration of electric plasma is required to exist around the Sun, which put the theory in doubt. As an alternative, the theory of the nuclear fusion-powered Sun was created, except the observed evidence doesn't support this theory either.
The sunspots on the surface of the Sun show the Sun to be darker below the surface. We should see the opposite if the Sun was internally powered, instead of it being electrically powered at the surface.
Also the fusion Sun theory cannot readily explain the 11-year solar activity cycles in which the brightness of the Sun varies by a factor of 20 when observed in the high ultraviolet band. The fusion Sun theory has it that the photon travel time from the Sun's deemed fusion center to the surface, is deemed to be in the range between 10,000 and 170,000 years, while the assumed energy-transfer time itself, from the center of the sun to the surface, is deemed to be on the order of 30 million years. This hardly supports the 11-year solar cycles, in which the Sun's magnetic field changes direction at every cycle.
The contribution that David LaPoint brings to the table in this debate weighs enormously in support of the electric-Sun theory by illustrating how the high density plasma field is created around the Sun that the theory depends on. The Primer Fields theory takes away the barrier against the electric-Sun theory, which thereby becomes totally plausible, together with a number of related theories that thereby likewise become plausible. However, the Primer Fields theory takes us one critical step beyond merely supporting the electric-Sun theory. It renders the functioning of the electric Sun subject to a minimal threshold of conditions that must be met for the Sun to be powered, which, when it is not met, causes the Sun to become inactive, dim, and 'cold.'
While David LaPoint may not have intended to support the electric-sun theory, his work illustrates that the process that creates a dense plasma sphere around the Sun happens, because the Primer Fields have that effect. It is known in plasma physics that these fields themselves depend for their existence on a minimal density in the plasma that flows through the system. If the threshold is not reached, the fields do not form. If the fields do not form, or cannot be maintained, the Sun does not have the condition established for it to be powered.
The Sun simply turns off to an inactive state in which it glows dimly by its stored up energy and some nuclear decay processes within it.
The required threshold, therefore, becomes an important factor in considering the dynamics of the ice ages. Just imagine the consequences on the Earth when our brilliant sun is suddenly turned off as the Primer Fields collapse, and looses more than two-thirds of its energy output in possibly a single day.
The conventional theories of the ice age dynamics all regard the ice age glaciation as the result of a gradual cooling of the Earth. One theory sees the cooling being caused by cyclical variations of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, with the Sun remaining an invariable constant by this theory. In the fusion-Sun theory, the Sun is deemed to be an invariable constant, so that the ice ages are caused by anything else except the Sun.
The resulting orbital-variation theory, known as the Milankovitch theory, however has so many holes in its fabric that it is generally no longer seriously considered as a cause for the ice ages.
The standard electric-sun theory doesn't have this problem. Plenty of evidence exists that the power output of the Sun does vary with the density of the electric input. The large temperature fluctuations that are known to have occurred over the last half billion years are evidently the result of cyclical electric input fluctuations. The Primer Fields theory does not change that, but it does open the gate to the recognition that the entire process of the powered Sun can collapse when a minimal power-input threshold is not met, as we have seen happening during the ice ages.
The Primer Field theory brings a huge difference to the table. In the past it was believed that ice age conditions develop slowly and gradually over extended periods, so that humanity can adjust itself to the changing conditions, even in cases when the Earth becomes five times colder than the Little Ice Age had been, over the span of 50 years. The Primer Fields theory jolts us out of this dream, or at least it should.
If the fields are not maintained sufficiently that they collapse and vanish, extremely radical changes occur in as short a time as possibly a single day. The Primer Fields theory takes away the general notion that we have a long time to prepare for the coming Ice Age and don't need to respond yet. It tells us that the opposite is true; that we need to get prepared as fast as possible, which almost no one is yet willing to even consider. In this context the Primer Fields theory presents us a great blessing in disguise.
It forces us, if we are willing to respond, to re-develop our humanity as fast as possible, which we urgently need in the present to avoid the catastrophe of nuclear war that no one will likely survive, for which the preparations are evermore intensely pursued in numerous ways.
In this regard the potentially near, rapid ice age transition that the Primer Fields theory brings into view, offers us an incentive to get our act together, which would be the greatest salvation that we could experience on every front where civilization is presently fast collapsing.
The Primer Fields theory illustrates a single basic principle that applies to all complex systems, including civilization. In economics, when the creative and productive power of a nation diminishes below a minimal threshold, the entire economic system disintegrates. It becomes inactive. The nations collapse. The world becomes cold. The people die.
This happens to cultures too when the recognized value of our humanity drops below a minimal threshold. Nuclear war happens then, when the humanist culture disintegrates.
We are close to the minimal threshold on a number of these vital fronts, especially in economics.
For example, when the assumed value of money drops below the point where the value of money becomes uncertain in the markets, it becomes meaningless at this point. At this point the financial markets collapse, banks close, stores close, gas stations close, transportation collapses, the food supply system stops, the entire platform of physical infrastructures becomes inactive.
The world's money-value system can unravel in a single day. No one knows how close we are to this day. The Glass Steagall law that once protected the value of money in the USA, has been repealed in Congress in 1999 by a bunch of traitors who were bribed to do so with a $350 million slush fund. To date all efforts have failed to restore even this minimal protection of the value of currency that the repealed law had afforded for the 66 years in which it was active. Against the background of the now fast collapsing value of money the entire economic system can collapse in a single day, just as the presently powered Sun can go inactive in a day when the fields collapse that prime its operational environment.
David LaPoint's work illustrates that the electric Sun, which varies only slightly during the interglacial warm period that we are presently enjoying, will with great certainty go completely inactive when the plasma density of the electric streams feeding into the solar system falls below the threshold level where the primer fields collapse.
In astrophysics, that's the point where the ice age transition begins. That's what happened 120,000 years ago.
The current trend suggests that we will cross the cut-off threshold in the near future. An ice age begins when the minimal conditions no longer exist for the system to function, that powers the Sun.
The Sun reverts to its default state then - its inactive state. It turns dim in a single short step, and the climate on earth that looses two thirds of its energy input, turns cold. At this point rapid deep cooling begins all across the Earth.
Before this point is upon us, all the preparations for the dramatic changes in the Earth's environment will have to be completed. To fail is not an option if we want to continue to live. For this reason it is not an option either that we raise the value of our humanity far above the present level and protect it on all fronts. And this needs to begin now.
The analysis of ice cores drilled from the ice sheets of Greenland indicates that the Sun became inactive 120,000 years ago. That's when the last Ice Age started. The ice core records also tell us that the Sun became activated for short periods, every 1470 years, throughout the entire glaciation period. The periodic re-warming may have prevented the Earth from freezing up completely.
The inactive periods of the Sun were nevertheless long enough to create the huge cooling on earth that lays up ice sheets across the northern hemisphere more than 10,000 feet deep, which are known to have existed.
It is here, that the theoretical becomes important for us all in a critical practical manner. The present trends suggest that the turn-off transition that makes the Sun inactive, might be upon us in 30 to 50 years time. When this happens the entire world will have to live with a dimmer Sun on a colder earth. Of course this poses some challenges for maintaining our food supply.
The chlorophyll in plants will have to function at reduced energy levels and with a shifted radiation spectrum.
Here a great challenge arises for humanity as a whole, to work together to create infrastructures that are needed to maintain our food supply in the coming dimmer and colder world. While it is technologically and economically possible to meet this challenge, the question remains whether we will do what is needed to maintain our existence?
The wide range of considerations that come into focus in the context of the dimming Sun, evidently determines the topics that this video is focusing on. The video focuses on the theories and the evidences, and how they will impact us all when the changing conditions unfold as expected. And at the end, the video will also focus on the dimension of our response to the expected conditions. This remains presently the biggest open question of them all.
The effect of the Primer Fields on the Sun
The shape of the galaxy shown here illustrates to some degree, in principle, the shape of the plasma environment in our solar system, though the density in the solar system is presently too low for the organizing plasma streams to be seen.
However, by replicating the shaping process in the very small, in the laboratory environment, we can explore the forces that shape these types of phenomena.
David LaPoint discovered in laboratory experiments that the Primer Fields, when they exist and are functioning, physically prime the environment of the solar system with a densely compressed sphere of plasma centered on our Sun.
The principle is illustrated here.
The effects, however, that David LaPoint discovered, are so amazingly critical that great problems arise for humanity when their functioning is impeded or is collapsing.
The evidence tells us that the dense plasma environment that is focused on the center of the solar system enables our Sun to be electrically powered from the outside by electric arc reactions. In these reactions the condensed plasma interacts with the Sun's photosphere.
The condensing process is a multi-stage process that is illustrated to some degree in the Red Square nebula. The nebula is not the remnant of an exploding star as nebulas are often regarded. Instead it is an example of the typical features of the Primer Fields in operation. The fields form by the principles inherent in the flow of electric plasma in space. The details will be discussed later, though the overall effect is noteworthy here. The effect of the fields is that plasma streams that exist in galactic space in wide channels, becomes drawn together, like by a wide funnel, and becomes magnetically focused from the funnel onto a central sun, or a system of multiples suns that become intensely powered by this process. The planets exist outside of this densely powered sphere, on an ecliptic centerd on the Sun, between the two Primer Field structures. The plasma concentration process that we see in operation here, which is basically the same for every sun, renders our Sun as an intensely powered catalytic energy converter, that is powered not from within, but is powered externally at its surface.
The evidence that the Sun is externally powered is fairly obvious. When we look beneath the high-powered photosphere, through the open space at the umbra of the sunspots, the Sun reveals itself as being much darker, and therefore cooler inside. The photosphere has been measured at a whopping 5,870 degrees Kelvin, and the surface below at a mere 3,000 degrees. This means that the Sun's great brilliance is electrically generated at its very surface and does not emanate from within from nuclear fusion reactions as it is generally believed.
The plasma concentration process that enables a sun to be electrically powered, has been replicated in lab experiments. There a highly compressed plasma sphere was formed in a thinly filled chamber of gas between two bowl-type permanent magnets that replicate the functional elements of the Primer Fields.
The result, which is shown here, was develop by the functions of the magnetic fields acting on the plasma flow to concentrate it.
It is interesting to note that in the lab experiment the plasma sphere at the center did not form instantly. The operating environment needed to be established first.
However, in the real world this establishing-function also includes the forming of the bowl-shaped magnetic fields themselves by which the plasma becomes concentrated. In the lab, the magnetic fields were provided with manufactured magnets. In the real world the bowl-shaped magnetic fields are electrically created structures that are formed by moving electricity in plasma streams.
This means that the plasma sphere in which our sun is located, is the composite result of complex processes working together, for which a certain level of plasma input density is required for the forming of the magnetic bowl structures to happen.
I will illustrate later how the bowl-shaped magnetic structures are formed, that furnish the Primer Fields, which in turn create the conditions that focus plasma onto our Sun that lights it up to great brilliance.
It has become evident in lab experiments that when the input density of the plasma streams that feed into the system drops below a certain minimum threshold, the critical fields can no longer be maintained. They simply collapse, whereby the entire process stops. When this collapse happens in the real world, the brilliant photosphere of our sun is no longer being powered. It becomes in effect, turned off. It fades into a thin haze, leaving in the wake a colder, darker, yellow sun that glows dimly by its internally stored-up energy like ambers of a fire gone out, which too, then slowly diminish.
This means that the transition to the next ice age will not be a slow process that is drawn out over thousands of years, but will be a radical turn-off transition in which the Sun grows dim in possibly a single day.
There exists plenty of evidence in ice core samples that the kind of rapid transformation of the climate on earth has happened that reflects an on-off transition, from an active Sun, to a deactivated Sun.
Nothing short of such a radical transition can explain the massive, rapid cooling that occurred when the last Ice Age began 120,000 years ago.
It takes a massive reduction in solar energy input into the Earth's climate to cause the formation of the enormous ice sheets that become spread across much of the northern hemisphere as it is shown here, which piled up 10,000 feet thick, or more in some places.
When the input plasma streams for the solar system diminish below the cut-off threshold where the Sun turns off, a radically different world unfolds. The actual timeframe in which the collapse of the climate follows may be extremely short, probably spanning less than a single year for all practical purposes.
We are presently near the cut-off point. We have come to the end phase of the actively powered period of the sun, and the beginning of the next 90,000-year glaciation period.
Of course we don't know the precise day or year at which the Primer Fields will collapse and the plasma sphere around the Sun will vanish, but do we really need to know this. We know already enough to be inspired to take the appropriate actions to build new infrastructures for our food supply and for our living. We know with measured evidence on hand that the Earth has been in a diminishing trend for 3,000 years already, that appears to be now accelerating towards the critical cut-off point.
We also know that when the Sun's powered state ends, that is when it gets turned off to a lower intensity state, the big ice sheets will form. It takes a big change in the incoming energy that warms our planet, for big effects to happen.
Let's hope that the cut-off point that we are moving towards is still more distant in time than it appears to be, because at the present time no one of humanity is prepared for the consequences.
Not the least preparations are even considered to be made, much less are made, even while the consequences, when they begin, promise to be far bigger than most people dare yet to imagine.
The Digital Ice Age
At the beginning of the last Ice Age the temperature derived from ice core samples in North Greenland dropped off steeply to about the mid-point of the deep glaciation level. This made the Earth about 20 times colder than the Little Ice Age had been.
However, the sharp drop-off doesn't show up in ice core samples drilled from the ice in Antarctica, nor do the rapid oscillations show up that span the entire glaciation period, which are clearly evident in the Greenland ice core samples.
Does this mean that the rapid oscillations did not occur, or might be local occurrences? It is tempting to assume this, because without the Primer Fields theory that makes it rather plain that the Sun can rapidly alternate between on and off states, it is almost impossible to explain the large and fast climate oscillations that the Greenland ice core samples tell us of.
But with the Primer Fields theory considered, the enigma resolves into simply a series of events in which the Sun is actively powered for a brief span, followed by a longer span of the Sun becoming inactive again.
The Greenland ice is much more sensitive, and able to preserve these fast fluctuations, than the ice in Antarctica.
Antarctica, being an ice desert, one of the driest spots on earth, it would be naturally less responsive to short-term variations of the type that we would expect to see when the Sun switches from its powered state to its non-powered state, where it shines only 'dimly' with its internally stored up energy.
The type of rapid fluctuation that would be indicative of on-off transitions of the Sun would evidently be more strongly apparent in the ice core samples drilled from the ice sheets in Greenland, which is far from being a desert.
The temperature record that is shown here is from the North Greenland project where the temperature range gleamed from the ice samples is several times larger than the equivalent in Antarctica. In both cases the temperature gradient is gleamed from the ratio of the heavy oxygen isotope O18 in the air. This ratio is temperature sensitive. Colder temperatures produce a greater concentration of O18.
The baseline concentrations also vary somewhat between the drilling sites, both in Antarctica and in Greenland, but show the same pattern. What we see in the Greenland patterns presents strong evidence of the type that one would expect for solar on-off conditions, of which the Antarctic ice shows only the washed out major trends.
The rapid fluctuations that are detected in the Greenland ice, are called the Dansgaard Oeschger oscillations. These are transitions from deep glaciation conditions, almost all the way back to interglacial conditions.
These are enormous fluctuations. They tell us that the Earth heated up from full ice age conditions to near interglacial temperatures in twenty to thirty years, and then cooled down again, gradually, to deep glaciation conditions, in a few hundred years. This rapid warming, and gradual cooling, is evident in all of the big Dansgaard Oeschger oscillations. All told, 25 of these big fluctuations have been recognized.
In some cases where the interval is long - where the gradual cooling spans a longer period - we see evidence of small, sharp, upwards spikes along the way, suggesting that numerous short bursts of the powered state of the Sun have occurred that have caused a periodic re-warming of the Earth, and also of the Sun itself, internally.
The evidence suggests that the last entire ice age, and those before, were created by a long series of the power-off state of the Sun interspersed with short periods of the Sun being fully powered. It appears that whenever the Primer Fields are established, the Sun is actively powered to roughly its full potential, and that both the Sun and the Earth cool down during the longer powered-off periods.
It may seem irrational to assume that such a giant system, as that which feeds our sun, can turn on or off in the space of the day. However, in electric systems, such rapid transitions are totally natural and are readily observed in the natural environment. When storm clouds reach high into the atmosphere, an electric field becomes established at times that extends into the stratosphere and causes a plasma-flow connection. When this happens the basic pattern of the Primer Fields appear in the sky. They flicker on strongly in the shape of giant red sprites, and then vanish just as fast. They rarely last for more than a second. The Primer Fields that activate our Sun, evidently can 'flicker' on and off in a similar rapid manner.
What we see in the resulting relationship between the on-and-off periods for our Sun has an enormous impact on what will happen to the agriculture that we depend on, the moment that the turn-off happens that marks the start of the next Ice Age. While we may see a gradual cooling of the climate of the Earth after the Sun turns off, the effect of the cooler Sun will have an immediate impact on agriculture. Not only will there be radically less energy available for the chlorophyll of the green plants to function, but the radiation spectrum will also shift away from the wavelengths of the visible light that are critical for the absorption by chlorophyll, without which plants cannot grow.
When the Sun turns off, we will see an immediate 70% reduction of the total energy coming from the Sun, and an immediate shift of the energy profile towards the red. We can compensate for the energy loss by placing our agriculture into the tropics, enhanced with artificial lighting, and by placing some parts of it directly into indoor facilities with 100% artificial environments.
While the Sun becoming inactive poses some challenges, the challenges are not insurmountable. As you can see, both types of chlorophyll get most of their energy from the shorter wavelengths below 500 manometers, which the Sun provides even less of when it dims down. However, since the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll is narrow and specific, only small amounts of energy are required when the lighting is tuned to the absorption bands. At the present time, only 2% of the solar energy received is actually utilized by the plants. The entire amount then, can be provided with relative ease with the use of nuclear or more advanced types of electric power systems.
This means that when the Sun enters its off-state, that is its inactive residual heat-state, the remaining sunlight will be essentially useless for most types of agriculture existing today. This means that all the new agricultural platforms that need to be built to maintain our food supply, will have to be in place and be operating, before the day the Sun becomes inactive. This is the new reality. The transformation of the Earth will happen almost 'instantly,' possibly in the span of just a single day, or less.
When the solar off-transition happens, and it will happen, all of the temperate-zone agriculture, where presently nearly all of the world's food is produced, will be 'instantly' disabled. The transition won't happen gradually. It will happen 'instantly.' It will happen without warning. And when it happens, the consequences will begin immediately, on the very day. That's what we have to be ready for. That's what we must prepare for. The larger climate transition that unfolds along the way, in which the snows no longer melt, but increase, as big as this will all be, will actually be of lesser importance then.
The impending ice age transition thus forces us to begin the greatest world development ever imagined, and to do this on a gigantic scale, like placing 90% of the world's agriculture afloat on the equatorial seas, all connected by floating bridges, and it being serviced by a new society living in floating cities along the way.
The requirements that we must meet for the future, demand us to start a new age of automated industrial production in the present - this means now and without fail - utilizing nuclear-powered high-temperature processes with the use of basalt as the feedstock. Basalt is none-corrosive and is lighter and stronger than steel, and is infinitely available. This also means that houses must be produced in automated industries, where they are produced at such a low cost in efforts that they can be given away for free as a part of the new infrastructures for living that must be produced, for the human journey to continue during the long nights of deep glaciation.
If no preparations are made that compensate for the loss of the traditional food supply that results from the instant transformation of our planet when the Sun turns off, then most of humanity will simply starve to death. This isn't something to aim for, is it?
For this reason the floating agriculture will be built, with enhanced lighting, complete with floating cities to service them. These things will happen, because if we fail, the resulting effect will be worse than the effect of a nuclear war. The present global food reserves won't last for no longer than just a few months. It won't be a pleasant thing to watch seven billion people to starve to death. Only a few million made it through the last glaciation cycle alive.
We want to do far better this time around. And we will do better. The Primer Fields theory opens the door to understanding what we are up against, and what we must prepare for. This gives us an advantage that did not exist in the earlier times, but which exists now for the first time in the entire history of life on our planet. Likewise the technological power exists for this to happen, which makes it possible for the first time too, to build the infrastructures that we require to 'weather' an ice age with.
To get there, our entire civilization will likely have to be rebuilt and set afloat in the tropics where land is scarce. This will happen. Shifting our agriculture into the tropics, where the sunlight is the strongest, will offset the early portion of the loss of the solar energy as the Sun is powered off. Some form of minimal artificial lighting will likely have to be added, and artificial climate control will likely have to be added even in the tropics, together with increased CO2 concentrations for increased plant growth.
These infrastructures will require some extensive scientific advances in plant biology and in physical engineering technology for the floating new environments, and the whole thing will have to be in place, and the infrastructures be operational, without fail, before the transition happens. This means we should get started now. We still have a chance to get this critical work done. We better not waste this chance before us, by doing nothing.. It may be our last chance.
The ice age transition will happen without fail. We can count on that. We are close to the transition to the next deep glaciation to begin, though we don't know how close, close is.
We also know that the trend towards the next glaciation has been progressing for 3000 years already, and is accelerating. We don't know exactly where the cut-off level is, beyond which the Primer Fields collapse and the Sun turns off. It may not be far below the level of the Little Ice Age. At the present trend, we may get to this point in twenty or thirty years, or fifty at the most.
NASA's Ulysses spacecraft saw a 30% reduction in the solar wind pressure happening in just a single decade. That's not a small drop-off. And the trend is continuing. If our agriculture has not been transferred to the tropics before the high-power solar system stops, its game-over for humanity. Humanity will likely become extinct then, by the lack of food, except for a minuscule remnant of a few million that might escape the universal death. If death by starvation is what you wish for yourself and your children, then sit back and do nothing, because that way your desired fate will be assured with great certainty.
The stepping away from this fate begins with the recognition that our Sun would not be the brilliant life-giving 'fire' in the sky without a dense plasma sphere surrounding it from which it draws its electric power that lights up its photosphere with electric plasma interaction.
If this realization is made, half the battle is won, because everything follows, and the needed steps become logical. And this realization shouldn't be hard to make.
It has been recognized a long time ago that our Sun is not the steady state nuclear fusion furnace, which it is widely said to be, but is powered by one of the vast networks of plasma streams that pervade the galaxies and the cosmos as a whole. Since plasma has mass, the plasma surrounding the Sun becomes attracted by the Sun's gravity and interacts with its outer atmosphere, the photosphere, which thereby becomes excited to 5,780 degrees Kelvin. It is that simple.
The Primer Fields prime the environment in which the simple process unfolds for as long as the fields exist. Once you realize that this presently operating system will vanish in the near future, and that solutions are possible for humanity to move forward in spite of the dimmer Sun, you may become inspired thereby to get out of the easy chair to gain a fuller understanding of how the critical process operates on which your continued existence depends.
The Primer Fields dynamics
The plasma physicist David LaPoint suggests that there is much more to the Primer Fields dynamics than what meets the eye. He suggests that our sun operates within a sphere of highly concentrated plasma that is generated by powerful magnetic fields, which he calls the " Primer Fields," and that the plasma sphere around the Sun is magnetically confined by these fields.
If this was not so, our sun would be but a dim speck in the sky, without the large magnetic fields acting on it that surround it with a sphere of concentrated plasma. The Earth would be a cold planet then, extensively covered with ice, as it once was 700 million years ago. But is David LaPoint correct? Do they Primer Fields really exist outside the laboratory environment? Can they be seen? And if they do exist and are visible, is it possible for these vital fields to collapse?
So, let's explore what stands behind it all.
The key component of the Primer Fields theory is the existence of one or two bowl shaped electromagnetic fields. David LaPoint uses two bowl-shaped magnets of opposite magnetic polarity for his experiments conducted in a vacuum chamber.
In the environment of space, however, no bowl-shaped magnets hang in the sky. For the required magnetic fields to exist, they must be generated by the natural phenomenon of electricity flowing as plasma in space. And this is exactly what happens.
The term, plasma, refers to electrically charged particles that exist in free flowing form in space, primarily as protons and electrons, the stuff that atoms become made of when they are bound together. In space they are free flowing. However, flowing electricity creates magnetic fields, and by these fields the flowing electricity becomes pinched together.
When electricity is carried by two parallel wires, with the current flowing in the same direction, the wires are attracted to each other by the Lorentz force. The same happens in plasma in space where electricity is flowing freely without wires. Here the effect is called the Zeta Pinch effect.
In space the flowing electric plasma particles are drawn to each other by the same magnetic forces that attract wires to each other. However while the wires remain physically fixed, plasma currents in space become compressed into ever-smaller magnetic confinement. By the confinement the current density is increased, which in turn pinches the plasma currents still tighter and tighter, forming a bowl-shaped magnetic field in the process at the very end of the pinched plasma stream.
But something happens in the bowl when the plasma currents exceed a critical limit, as they converge to ever-tighter confinement. The currents and the resulting magnetic fields become unstable by the pinch effect, past a critical point. The currents become 'twisted into complex knots' whereby the bowl-shaped magnetic field that forms, opens up at the center. There, below the opening, an electromagneticly confined 'high-density' plasma stream is formed by a number of interacting effects.
On the platform of the Primer Fields the entire structure that we see that extends across 50 kilometers from top to bottom, forms in a fraction of a second. Typically the sprite remains active for about a single second, until the plasma flow becomes too weak to maintain the Primer Fields. At the point when the Primer Fields collapse, the entire structure simply vanishes.
In comparing the sprite with the larger scale of the solar system, the sprite's one second active time is comparable to the solar system's interglacial period of the Sun's active time of roughly 12,000 years. The on-off process is the same in both cases, though different in scale.
Let me illustrate now how the process functions that forms the Primer Fields. This is best illustrated by looking at another lab experiment, that is carried out with an instrument called the, Dense Plasma Focus Device.
The device is made up of a ring of electrodes that surround a hollow electrode at the center.
When an electric field is applied, a plasma sheet forms.
The plasma sheet is instantly drawn towards the opening of the central electrode, and is then drawn into it.
By it being drawn into the opening, the plasma becomes extremely pinched together.
There, it becomes unstable and begins to twist.
At first, the plasma twists itself into a spiral.
The more it becomes compacted the more unstable the spiral becomes, and becomes twisted.
Eventually, the twisting forms a complex knot.
The illustrations are snapshots taken from a video about the Dense Plasma Focus Device.
In space the plasma instabilities that form the complex knots open the magnetic bowls that form at the end of the concentrated plasma currents. As the process unfolds further, a high-density plasma concentration forms outside of the magnetic holes. That's where the sun is located in a solar system and is powered thereby.
When, however, the plasma streams are too weak to cause an extreme pinch effect to happen, the plasma streams simply flow through the solar system without activating anything. The Sun thereby remains dim and not actively powered.
When the Sun is powered by a dense plasma sphere surrounding it, the flow-through process still happens. Plasma flows out of the plasma sphere, since the Sun utilizes only a small portion of it. In the outflow another magnetic field is generated, but with the opposite polarity. The evidence suggests that all large electromagnetic structures that exist in space, when they are drawn to a sun, or on the larger scale to a galaxy, whereby the Primer Fields form, exist typically in complementary pairs.
Between the two giant complementary electromagnetic bowls, a number of interesting effects come to light with interesting principles that are critical for the overall dynamic interactions.
The magnetic fields are the strongest at the focal point of the bowl-shaped magnetic structures. In the narrow space between the two complementary structures lies typically a solar system with a sun, or several suns, on the central axis, and with the planets orbiting on a thin ecliptic plain in the space between the two electromagnetic bowl-type fields.
While the two bowl-type electromagnetic fields are each separate entities, they work together functionally as a whole.
Their function is to concentrate the plasma flows that pervade all space and focus them into a tightly confined sphere in which our sun is located and is powered by it.
The remarkable concentration is accomplished in the laboratory by a set of two bowl-type structures, shown in red and blue, facing one-another with opposite (complementary) polarities.
The small point in the middle between the two magnetic bowl structures is where a polarity flip point is located. The flip point appears to be responsible for flipping the polarity of the Sun's magnetic field with every solar cycle.
The location of the flip point moves slightly when one of the two bowl structures becomes weaker than the other. This effect causes the polarity of the magnetic field of the Sun to assume the dominant polarity, and thus flip with the 11-year solar cycles that are simply resonance cycles between the complementary magnetic structures.
The plasma concentration that is required for the Sun to function is dynamically produced in the illustrated structure by the interaction of its three functional magnetic elements that are structured around the respective hole in the magnetic bowls.
Each of the three structures has a specific function to fulfill. The flip ring flips the orientation of plasma. It flips it under the magnetic confinement dome, while the choke ring below helps to keep it there.
The plasma particles that flow into the big red bowl are flipped upwards as they pass the flip ring (yellow). They are collected together there into a massive accumulation. The plasma particles become concentrated by this process. The concentration creates a 'high-pressure' environment.
The magnetic choke ring, within the opening of the magnetic bowl, focuses the 'escaping' plasma flow into a tightly concentrated stream beneath the hole. In some lab experiments, the focused stream expands into a sphere.
When plasma is drawn out of the sphere in the flow-through process, a complementary bowl structure is formed with opposite orientation and opposite magnetic polarity. In this structure the out-flowing stream of lesser density is drawn into the bowls where expands in the reverse process, reverting back to the 'normal' density of the prevailing plasma stream.
The process that is illustrated here can be verified with laboratory experiments.
In a high-power plasma experiment of the type that is conducted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, the complementary bowl structure that the plasma currents form by their own interaction, is clearly visible. Also the containment dome that forms inside the bowls is visible in the experiment that is illustrated here.
In this particular experiment the magnetically focused plasma stream that flows between the bowls, did not form a sphere, for which a catalyst would be required, but it did form a distinct plasma ring around the focused stream, centered between the bowls.
Evidence exists that the lab-created shape of plasma formed by the Primer Fields, was visible in ancient time in the sky. Archetypal drawings collected from widely separated regions on earth, show a remarkable similarity of their design with the lab-created plasma formations. The similarity suggests that the complementary plasma bowl shapes were common occurrences at one time, appearing and disappearing in the skies like so many UFO sightings today, or like the sprites still do under special conditions.
David LaPoint also discovered two more features of the Primer Fields, for which widely known evidence exists, which are the plasma jets and the magnetic flip point. He discovered that when the plasma pressure under the confinement dome becomes too great, the dome will rupture at its weakest point, by which excess plasma escapes in a burst until the rift closes up again under the resulting lower pressure. By this plasma venting process the magnetic strength of the respective bowl structure weakens somewhat. The resulting imbalance shifts the convergence of the magnetic fields, and with it it shifts a magnetic flip point that David LaPoint also discovered, forms below the opening of the magnetic bowl.
In the case of the solar system the resulting imbalance, which shifts the flip point, flips the Sun's magnetic field at the high point of the 11-year solar cycles are thereby recognized to be simply resonance cycles that oscillate between the two complementary electromagnetic structures of the solar system.
What the complete Primer Fields system that powers our solar system and the sun may look like in practice, can be seen illustrated in the operation of the Red Square Nebula that can serve as a model for this purpose. In this model we see all the essential features of the Primer Fields system clearly visible.
We see the two complementary bowl-type structures in operation. One concentrates the galactic plasma streams like a funnel. In the funnel we can see the flip ring, and below it the choke ring, below which a cone of concentrated plasma extends that focuses onto a sun, or a number of them. And we see the reverse happening for the outgoing plasma stream.
We can see all the essential features reflected here that have been observed in a laboratory plasma-flow experiment.
Our galaxy, when it is observed as a whole, also operates on essentially the same dynamic platform, though on a vastly larger scale than a solar system. But here too, we see unmistakable evidence of two complementary electromagnetic bowls that form highly condensed plasma concentrations under their respective confinement domes. The concentration is visible in x-ray and gamma-ray emissions. We can also see the the extremely concentrated plasma sphere below the confinement domes and between the two bowl structures that are indicated by the existence of the confinement domes. The concentrated plasma sphere is also the center of the galaxy.
Large intergalactic plasma streams feed into and out of the Primer Fields that form the confinement domes. These two long intergalactic connecting streams, one incoming and one out-going, both have very long resonance cycles. These very long electric resonance cycles that correspond to the long distances between the galaxies, evidently affect the strength of the Primer Fields that power the galaxy, and are thereby the cause for the two long climate cycles that have been observed on Earth.
These very long electric resonance cycles - the sixty-two million year cycle, and the hundred-forty million year cycle - show up as long climate cycles that have been preserved in sediment records that enable us to look back in time more than 500 million years.
Presently, the two very long climate cycles are both near their minimum point, whereby the weak plasma conditions have been created that have gripped the Earth for the last two million years, in which the ice ages happened.
During these weak conditions that have been slowly developing for the last five million years, which are getting still weaker, the breakdown of the Primer Fields that power our solar system has become a regular occurrence during the weakest times.
Then, when the plasma streams that flow through the solar system become so weak that they drop below a threshold, a point is reached when the pinch effect in the plasma streams is no longer strong enough to twist the plasma currents into knots to create the bowl-type magnetic structures with the void at the center that make up the Primer Fields. And so the Primer Fields cannot form. What once existed, suddenly exists no more.
The plasma currents become no longer concentrated then, but simply flow through the solar system without becoming focused around the Sun.
At this point the Sun simply turns off. It becomes inactive, dim, and cold. An Ice Age begins.
The ice ages didn't last as long in the earlier phase of the weakening conditions. They lasted only 41,000 years then. As the general weakening continued, the 100,000 years long ice ages began. This became named the Pleistocene Epoch.
Throughout the ice ages, in which the Primer Fields fail, the Sun becomes inactive for long periods. It becomes a dim yellow star that glows mostly by its stored up energy and whatever nuclear decay may be ongoing within it.
However, evidence exists that the Sun remains not totally shut down during the long ice age glaciation periods, which typically last 100,000 years. The Earth would turn into a snowball if the Sun would remain inactive for 100,000 years. Fortunately, this doesn't happen. Periodically short pulses of high-density conditions do occur during the ice ages, which re-invigorate the plasma streams that enable the Primer Fields to form anew, whereby the Sun to becomes powered again. Unfortunately these pulses are short in duration. The Sun remains powered by these pulses for only a few decades, and then turns off again.
Evidence exists that these pulses occurred on a fairly regular basis. Their occurrence has created large climate oscillations. Evidence has been detected in ice core samples drilled from the Greenland ice sheets that these short periods when the Sun becomes active again, have occurred in intervals of 1470 years. The resulting oscillations have been named, the Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations.
The Dansgaard Oeschger oscillations
During the extremely weak conditions in the galaxy that enable the ice ages on earth, the Sun remains constantly active only during the timeframe of the interglacial pulses. In this timeframe the solar system is in its high-power mode. During the long glacial periods, between these pulses, the Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations in which the Sun turns on and off, rule the scene and determine the climate. That's when we see the large fluctuations happening that prevent the Earth from freezing up completely.
Researchers have identified 25 major Dansgaard-Oeschger pulses, spaced 1470 years on average. Since these pulses become significant during the low-power environments, they can serve as points of reference for determining the next potential cut-off point for the Primer Fields, and with them the powered Sun.
We can make a reasonable determination by looking at the last three of the Dansgaard-Oeschger events that occurred at the end of the most recent Ice Age.
We see evidence of three such events there, spaced 1470 years apart. The first started with a major upswing, followed by a down slope. The second event started on the down slope, but was of short duration. The last upswing was much larger again, and it didn't collapse this time.
If we run the clock forward from these three steps, in steps of 1470 years, then the most recent Dansgaard-Oeschger event should have occurred roughly two to three hundred years ago. This happens to be the point in time where we see the Little Ice Age ending.
With this coincidence, a high probability exists that the warming of the world that broke us out of the Little Ice Age may have been a Dansgaard-Oeschger event. If this is so, a Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse may have saved civilization, and humanity with it, by preventing the collapse of the climate from the Little Ice Age into the big one.
The previous Dansgaard-Oeschger event, which occurred 1470 years earlier, takes us back to 1670 years before the present. This earlier pulse had ended steeply. If the current Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse ends in the same manner as the previous one, humanity will be in deep trouble, because nothing has been prepared for the kind of world we will then have to live in.
Unfortunately we like to play fantasy games, such as the global warming game, instead of being concerned with what is really going on.
This means that all the global warming hoopla that was started in the 1970s, was essentially a fairy tale spun around an astrophysical Dansgaard-Oeschger event that was in progress at the time and was beginning to peak in the 1970s.
Let's hope that the currently weakening electric environment will remain sufficiently strong a bit longer, so that it will hold back the cut-off point for the Sun by at least a few more decades. These few extra decades would give us time to prepare the world for the dim and cold glacial environment that awaits us beyond the cut-off point of the powered Sun.
The sunspot cycles are definitely getting weaker. By the current trend, the 25th solar cycle may not have any sunspots at all. The drop-off that we see happening here, may be the ending of the current Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse that had its beginning during the Little Ice Age. It then peaked in the 1950s through to the 1990s.
The great danger of our time is that when the current Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse ends, there is nothing much left of the interglacial pulse either, so that a free-fall collapse may occur. The large re-warming events during the previous Ice Age that were caused by the Dansgaard-Oeschger pulses, were historically of short duration. How close we are to the current Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse ending, which appears to be driving the current climate, cannot be determined. The remaining time will likely be in the range of decades, seeing that the Sun is already on a weakening trend.
The UFO phenomenon
The Dansgaard_Oeschger oscillations are just one type of example in which rapid on-off conditions are natural occurrences for electric plasma phenomena. The so-called UFO phenomenon is another example of the same type.
Many cases of UFO 'sightings' have been reported. Many have been photographed. But note, what has been photographed conforms perfectly to the shape of the electromagnetic bowl-type structure that forms the Primer Fields that in turn form a sphere of concentrated plasma at their focal point. This happens also to be the typical shape that has been captured in UFO photographs.
We see the bowl-type electromagnetic structure, and the plasma sphere at the focal point of it. Both are clearly evident in this photograph. Reports say that the UFOs suddenly appear, that they can stand still, and that they can move quickly. They are seen existing in space, and are even hovering above the moon. They can accelerate immensely fast in their movement, and make extremely sharp sudden turns. They can do all this, because the so-called UFOs are not space ships, but are electromagnetic phenomena that have no mass, which would impede such movements. They are merely shapes created by electromagnetic interaction of plasma flowing in the atmosphere, which can become visible in the atmosphere. Some are seen as moving points of light, even pulsating light, some appearing in groups.
By being electric plasma concentrations, the UFO phenomena also reflect radio waves, whereby they are seen on radar. However, when aircraft are launched to intercept them, the electric field around the aircraft affects the field that forms the UFO, which thereby changes its position, or causes it to simply vanish. All this makes interception quite impossible.
Of course interception is also impossible for reasons that no UFO craft do actually exist. Extraterrestrial visitors travelling in physical spacecraft to our planet would have to fly against all the known laws of the physical universe and time. It would take a spacecraft 12,000 years to reach the earth from our closest star, flying at a speed of 360,000 km per hour, which is roughly 30 times the speed of the Apollo 11 flight to the moon, which might be the limit for spacecraft velocities against the plasma background in space. Exotic theories have been invented in attempts to side-step the physical limits and barriers, in order to support the UFO theory, while the obvious reality is being ignored.
In real terms the UFO phenomenon stands as a simple example of electromagnetic structures that form in space with gigantic effects and in the atmosphere with minute effects, by the Primer Fields being created in electric plasma streams.
The UFOs, thus, become comparable to the sprites that appear in the upper atmosphere. The resulting effects, of course, depend on the coincidence of conditions that enable them, which are inherently rare and fragile in nature, and are specific for the type of atmosphere in which they occur. When the conditions occur in the lower atmosphere, they often enable a number of small plasma events simultaneously, which then become seen as multiple UFO sightings.
This fragility of the sprites and UFO events evidently also applies to the complex structures and magnetic fields that create the conditions for our Sun to be electrically powered, and for these conditions to form and to vanish.
Both the UFO phenomenon and the Dansgaard_Oeschger oscillations illustrate to some degree how fragile the conditions inherently are that affect the powered state of our sun.
The powered state of our Sun has actually become a rather rare occurrence during last two million years of the great ice ages. A few long periods with a constantly active Sun, called the interglacial periods, have interrupted the 'normal' dark and cold world of the long ice ages, that few people came through alive, where the climate conditions are fragile, depending on the Dansgaard_Oeschger events to occur every fifteen hundred years.
This fragile nature that applies to our solar system, applies to the UFO phenomenon too. It is not coincidental, therefore, that the UFO sightings became more frequent from the 1950s on, through to the 1990s, when the current Dansgaard_Oeschger pulse peaked, whereby the solar activity became the strongest in recent time, in which the electric conditions on earth were likewise the strongest.
With the electric environment around our Sun now getting rapidly weaker again, as the Ulysses satellite reported, we have entered a transition zone of extremely fragile conditions.
The resulting critical warning that science affords us on this basis, unfortunately, is not precise to the day, but it is the best that scientific correlation of the numerous elements in the astrophysical arena can provide. The exact day for the Sun reverting to its unpowered state, which will disable our agriculture, cannot be determined. The evidence before us, presents nevertheless a strong case for us all to make extreme efforts towards building the vast new infrastructures that our continued existence on this planet WILL most certainly depend on.
It is tempting to assume that only the far northern countries and regions, like Canada, Europe, Russia, and China, are affected by the coming ice age transition in which the Sun becomes inactive. This is a foolish assumption. When the Sun turns dim and the food supply is collapsing, the entire world is affected. Thus it becomes the task of humanity as a whole to build the infrastructures to protect human existence on this planet. Not to act decisively on this front amounts to committing universal suicide. The changing astrophysical environment that affects our world will affect everything. It affects even the magnitude of earthquakes. It is highly likely on this front too, that we haven't seen anything yet in terms of consequences, which of course we can avoid by placing our civilization afloat onto the sea.
Orbit dynamics of the planets
Evidence exists that the Sun will likely shed a major portion of its mass when its inactive state begins. It might eject as much as 30% of its mass.
A sun absorbs large amounts of mass in the form of plasma, during its actively powered state. The accumulation of plasma, which carries an electric charge, creates an internal electric pressure in the Sun.
This internal pressure becomes released when the external high-pressure plasma environment around the Sun vanishes. Some evidence that this gigantic mass-ejection happens, is found in the orbits of the planets.
At the present time the planets orbit at a mere 71% of the velocity that a stable orbit requires. This means that the Sun's gravitational attraction is presently 29% stronger than the centrifugal force of the planets in orbit. The large difference is evidently compensated for by the electromagnetic effects of the Primer Fields that maintain the orbits against the stronger gravity.
In a lab experiment, non-magnetic steel balls were laid on a sheet of glass. They were drawn into a specific orbit around the center of two bowl-shaped magnets. The steel balls seen here are magnetically self-spacing. If they are disturbed and let go, they return to their magnetically determined positions.
The experiment illustrates to some degree how the orbits of the planets are assisted magnetically.
But during the long off-times during the ice ages, when the Primer Fields no longer exist, or exist only during the short periods of the Dansgaard_Oeschger warming events, the Sun's gravity would then have to be much weaker than it is today for the orbits to remain intact. Without the weaker solar gravity the orbits would collapse over time. The fact that the collapse of the orbits did not happen during the ice ages, indicates that the Sun's gravity was lower during its inactive time in which gravity alone determines the orbits of the planets, balanced against the centrifugal force generated by their orbital velocity.
In order for stable orbits to be possible without magnetic existence, the Sun must have shed a large part of its mass, and its gravitational attraction with it; maybe up to 25%.
This means that we will see enormously large mass ejections happening when the Primer Fields collapse that maintain presently a strong plasma pressure around the Sun, and thereby within the Sun.
The plasma mass ejection will likely be strong at first when the external plasma pressure no longer exists. The Sun will then loose, probably quite rapidly, a large portion of the mass it has absorbed during the 12,000 years of its high-power conditions in the interglacial period.
After the initial burst, the mass ejection will likely diminish exponentially over a span of several thousand years.
The result will likely be the kind of phenomenon that in the fusion-sun theory is referred to as the 'red giant' stage of the Sun that is deemed to result from perceived hydrogen depletion, which is said to enable the assumed helium fusion phase.
In real terms, the red giant stage is merely a plasma mass ejection event that results when the input power streams diminish below the threshold level where the Primer Fields collapse.
Some of the mass-ejection events accumulate the ejected solar mass in large plasma fields that are termed planetary nebula. The more powerful mass-ejection events may rip a portion of a sun apart in extremely large electric stress explosions. These events are termed Super Nova events. In the fusion Sun theory, they are deemed to be star explosions. In the real universe they are nothing more than just mass-ejection events.
For us, when the Sun's great mass ejection event begins in possibly 30 to 50 years from now, it won't be hugely cataclysmic in nature, no matter how large the event may appear from a distance, but it will result in major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that we need to be prepared for.
The Earth's magnetic field won't protect us then either, because it too, will likely have collapsed by then, with the collapse of the Primer Fields.
The only real cataclysmic event that happens typically among aging stars, occurs when their accumulated mass becomes so great, especially during strong active periods, that the accumulation results in internal electric stress fracturing that breaks a sun up into two or more fragments that then form a binary, triple, and quadruple star system.
According to a survey, singular star systems like our own, are actually a minority among stars. With our sun being a mediocre star, however, it is extremely unlikely that any type of electric stress fracturing will occur in our Sun, including during the coming ice age transition.
Nevertheless we will see extremely large electric stress fracturing events occur on Earth in the form of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, especially along the San Andreas Fault that is extremely stressed already. We would want to be far away from this area and be safely afloat on the oceans by then.
The Sun is presently charged with plasma like a car tire is pumped up with air. When a car tire blows, its air bursts out. When the equivalent happens to the Sun, great showers of plasma will burst from it and hit the Earth and cause those electric-stress 'explosions' that trigger earthquakes at unprecedented magnitudes that we must prepare for, before they happen. We have no historic records available of how large these events were that will happen again. The last transition to an ice age occurred 120,000 years ago, that only few may have survived.
Our modern infrastructures and cities may not fare well. They may not be able to withstand the seismic forces that might be unleashed. We really don't know what this means, except that we should prepare for the worst. The changing astrophysical environment that causes our Sun to become inactive, may cause enormous seismic events as we have never seen before in all the millennia of what we call civilization. The building of floating cities and industries may prove to be the only safe path for humanity to survive the critical times ahead.
It won't be easy, of course, to let go what we have built up over long periods, but this is what we may have to choose in order to protect our existence.
However, on the wider horizon, the dark cloud that severely challenges our willingness to adapt ourselves to the changing environment before us, comes with a silver lining, or maybe even a golden lining, that is more valuable than anything that we have built and may have to let go.
The dawn of humanity, civilization, and God
Our development into a highly advanced and capable species with creative and productive powers that no other form of life can equal, may have been made possible by one of the special conditions that exist on the Earth only during Ice Age environments.
The development of the human species didn't happen until the ice age epoch began. The critical factor here, is the increased galactic cosmic radiation that results when the shielding effect of the heliosphere becomes disabled as the Primer Fields collapse.
Without the Primer Fields, the solar heliosphere cannot exist, which is a sphere of plasma created by the solar winds that flow from the high-powered electric sun at the center. Without the heliospheric plasma shell surrounding our solar system, the full cosmic radiation flux then impacts the Earth. The increased cosmic-ray flux appears to aid neurological development and lesser biological functions, including plant biology.
The universe thus has given us a great gift with the two distinct environments that together aid our development on all fronts. It has given us alternately, an environment for spiritual nourishment with high cosmic-ray flux, and another environment with a brilliant Sun for easy living. We appear to need both. It may be for this reason that the dawn of humanity did not begin until the required conditions were met.
Those conditions didn't exist until the ice ages began. 'Cosmic rays' are not rays in the standard sense, like rays of light, but are high-energy electrons and protons in motion at upwards to the speed of light. With the cosmic-ray particles being electrically charged, they typically pass right through our body without damaging anything. However, as they path through us, they generate electric currents within our biological systems that appear to be beneficial for the high-level functioning of our body. They tend to facilitate critical functions like the air we breathe, according to intelligently arranged principles.
Our biological and neurological systems, are extremely complex electric systems that evidently benefit from increased electric activity over long periods of time. Our cognitive, scientific, and what may be called, spiritual powers, appear to be derived from this high-level nourishment, which in turn may have enabled, and then aided, our continuing self-development as a high-level species.
The interaction between cosmic-ray flux and human development is surprisingly evident already in the weak cosmic-ray environment of the interglacial period.
The great developments in civilization have all began during cold periods when the cosmic-ray flux is denser than normal.
In the cold periods the heliosphere tends to be weaker, which results from the weakening of the solar winds, which NASA's Ulysses satellite has given us an example of.
For the same reason was the period of the Maunder Minimum in solar activity - where no sunspots have occurred - which is coincident with the Little Ice Age - a period in which enormous scientific and cultural development occurred. This period of high cosmic-ray flux gave us the greatest peace treaty of all times, the Treaty of Westphalia that still stands as the foundation for civilization. This period also gave us great musical geniuses and scientific geniuses.
The occasions when the Primer Fields for the Sun collapse, so that the Sun turns off, are evidently rare in geologic history. The general condition in the galaxy in which a sun can become inactive has not existed for over 400 million years prior to the current ice age epoch.
The condition may have existed only twice before in Palaeozoic history, once some 450 million years ago, and once more than 700 million years ago when the entire Earth froze up into a giant snowball and remained frozen for more than ten million years until the Sun became reactivated again. The snowball-earth theory, of course, is controversial. It seems too unlikely. However in the context of the Primer Fields dynamics, the snowball-earth event is totally plausible. It would have been nothing more than the natural occurrence of a weak electric plasma environment within a weak period for the galaxy as a whole.
More significant for life on earth is the massive Ice Age 450 million years ago when the extensive proliferation of life on our planet began. The only other ice epoch of equal significance, where the condition exist for the Sun to turn off, is the modern ice age epoch, the Pleistocene epoch that coincides with the dawn of man.
The coincidence of the dawn of man with the Pleistocene epoch is significant, as it indicates that our very existence as a highly developed species may have been the result of the high cosmic-ray flux density that occurs in times when the Sun is deactivated.
In this sense we are the children of an extremely rare occurrence, an ice epoch that is rich with great cosmic-ray showers.
Since this rich condition for human development gets interrupted during the interglacial periods, the enriching conditions did not exist during the entire span of the development of what we call, civilization, which has occurred exclusively during the last interglacial period. This means that we really don't know, in terms of available evidence, what 'normal' living is like, even as we are about to become drawn into it again.
During the lean period of the interglacial, we have seen only occasionally some marginal increases in cosmic-ray flux. History tells us that these occasions produced amazing effects. Great cultural breakthroughs were made in these times. The development of written languages, for example, occurred in one of these times.
History also tells us that the great developments that did occur in these electrically rich time, were typically cognitive and scientific in nature, which makes them forms of spiritual development that is the pinnacle of the mental realm.
In a very real and powerful way, the rise and fall of civilization follows the ebb and flow of the recognition of spiritual values in society. The rise and fall of spiritual recognition in turn, reflects the historic rise and fall of the galactic cosmic ray flux reaching the Earth, which is typically the inverse trend of solar activity. While we have no control over these trends, we should hold onto the developments that the trends, during rich periods, have provided.
Spiritual recognition appears to be the pinnacle of our cognitive functions, such as, reason, love, care, generosity, creativity, productivity, and so forth, in which we see our humanity defined, and with it our civilization.
The Spanish painter Francisco Goya illustrated the connection in his etching 'The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters', of the Caprichos series of 1798.
All this means that the pinnacle of our humanity, our cognitive and spiritual capability, is most affected by the changing cosmic-ray flux. For example, the cultural developments that led up to the founding of the USA were all wrought in the timeframe of high cosmic-ray flux that is coincident with the 'weak' sun of the Little Ice Age.
Benjamin Franklin grew up in the high-intensity timeframe. His discoveries were carried forward by society. His leadership inspired America's declaration of Independence. This occurred even while the cosmic-ray flux was already diminishing again. This thrust came from the developments in earlier time that was carried forward on the wings of great leadership.
The coincidence between cosmic-ray flux and the unfolding spiritual sense of humanity, is also strongly reflected in the history of America's most spiritual and scientific religion, named Christian Science. Its development began during the Dalton Minimum.
The discoverer and founder of Christian Science, Mary Baker Eddy, was born in 1821 and grew up in a period of high cosmic-ray flux. Her breakthrough discovery occurred much later, in 1866, on the wings of her own scientific 'self-leadership.' But with the cosmic-ray flux being relatively low at this time, her discovered Christian Science didn't gain wide public acceptance until after 1875 when the conditions improved.
The period in which Christian Science took off and spread to many parts of the world, coincides with a period of relative high cosmic-ray flux density. However, when the high flux rate began to diminish, the advance faltered and began to reverse.
Available statistics indicate that the Christian Science movement collapsed from 1970 onward, which coincides with the highest rate of solar intensity that gives us consequently the lowest cosmic-ray flux. The Christian Science movement collapsed from then on to the mere 7% that remains today.
The same steep collapse also occurred in civilization generally, during this critical period of low cosmic-ray flux. The general collapse is reflected in high rates of spiritual insanity.
This period, that spans slightly more than half a century, coincides with the most tragic revival of the system of empire the world may have ever seen, which forged the revival of fascism, terror, economic destruction, and the grand looting of society that is now culminating in mass genocide.
The modern period of tragedy might be referred to some day as the pre-ice-age period of insanity. It is here in this period where we find the dawn of the Cold War nuclear terrorism that has not yet ended, and the devolution of science that enabled the global warming terrorism to emerge for genocidal purposes.
This is the current period that was marked by the banner being raised that declares that the Earth has cancer and that this cancer is man. Under this banner the de-industrial era was unleashed in which evermore industries were dynamited and imports were brought into the West from slave-wage countries, which made up for the loss of production at home. On this path huge profits were stolen from society.
This was the time when clever tricks for massive profiteering by deception began to reign, primarily in the financial markets where no wealth for society is actually produced.
This period also became the period of the rise of the depopulation ideology that blocked economic development on all fronts and gave rise to AIDS, and as of late, the mass-burning of food in automobiles in a starving world.
While the coincidence of the rise and fall in civilization with the rise of fall of cosmic-ray density does not prove a causative connection of the two trends with empirical certainty, the trends are nevertheless interesting, because their coincidence suggests that we may experience a dramatically enriched spiritual and scientific environment in the coming Ice Age when the cosmic-ray flax is expected to dramatically increase once the ice age transition unfolds, which to some degree has already begun. This does not mean, however, that the state of our civilization and of human development as a whole, is totally dependent on the conditions created by the changing cosmic-ray flux.
History has shown that humanity has the power as human beings to raise itself above the 'floor' conditions that the cosmic-ray flux sets up as a kind of default state. When society doesn't exercise the power of its humanity, it rides the default train with all the consequences the changing terrain brings with it. However, when humanity empowers itself, which has been demonstrated on many occasions, it can achieve miracles that are completely uncharacteristic for the times. We will have to develop this process of self-empowerment as a pre-condition to meeting the ice age challenge before us.
This challenge cannot be met with the current convention of riding the default train.
Let me present an example of what self-empowerment can accomplish when it is built on the highest achievements of the past as a starting point. The issue of slavery in the USA is a perfect example. The issue of slavery was understood as a part of a greater issue, the issue of human freedom versus empire. Abraham Lincoln understood this, while society at large did not. Society was riding the default train. Slavery should have been stopped in the 1830s before Andrew Jackson developed it into a national tragedy. But it wasn't stopped. It festered and became a civil war that threatened the survival of the nation. And even at this stage, slavery wasn't stopped by an act of Congress. This type of breakthrough isn't made on the default train.
Slavery was abolished by an executive order of a highly educated self-qualified leader. The Emancipation Proclamation was an Executive Order of the President to the Armed forces under his control. It became universally applied, subsequently. If the President had waited for the default train to get to this point, the nation would have been lost long before this would have happened.
What President Lincoln has achieved was totally uncharacteristic for the time. This type of leadership is required again, and again it appears totally uncharacteristic for our time.
The struggle for freedom versus empire must still be fully won. But are there any qualified leaders standing in the hustings.
This ancient struggle must be won before we can even begin to consider the ice age challenge. If the needed kind of leadership doesn't exist yet, it needs to be developed, and fast. We can't afford to wait for the default train to get us to where we need to be, to master the ice age challenge.
Society is presently dying on the default train. Its currency is being destroyed, which is no longer protected. It is being destroyed with excessive looting. It was once protected with the Glass Steagall law that a great self-developed leader had enabled in the USA, that had blocked the looting of the currency. The masters of empire spent 350 million dollars in bribery to bribe Congress to repeal the law. And so it was repealed. On the default train the robbers rule and society stands unprotected and dies by default for the lack of its self-leadership. There is a movement unfolding to restore the Glass Steagall law, but the power for this isn't found on the default train. Thus the law won't likely be restored until society pulls itself out off the default train and redevelops its humanity, and develops with it a higher-level self-leadership outside the domain that the robbers rule.
At the present, society is so tragically rotting on the default train that it even tolerates to have its bank deposits stolen to pay of the banks' gambling losses. This happened in Cypress in 2013, which was instigated to become the 'template' for the world. The process is called, 'bail in.' The laws that legalize the bail-in thievery to save the gamblers have already been passed in Europe, Canada, the USA, and in Australia and New Zealand. Unless you buy insurance, or such insurance exists for your bank deposits and is viable, your assets are fair game to be ceased. In the face of this exposure society lays itself down and lets it all be, instead of developing its power to get off the default train and assure its self-protection.
The Christian Science movement is dying on the default train. The pioneers who would raise the platform of science within the framework that Mary Baker Eddy had established, were shunned or excommunicated. The same fate awaited, and still awaits, the pioneers of advanced science on many fronts, especially in the critical astrophysical and physical sciences where the face of science is controlled, dominated, and abused for political ends, and made subject to approval.
The same fate is also experienced in the religions, or even more so there. Everything rides on the default train there. The outstanding leaders were few and far between, who raised the value of the human being and humanity far above the default concepts of God and man, far above doctrines, creeds, conventions and traditions. The high-level leadership here, would be one that stands on universal spiritual grounds, because the highest level in cognitive development is the spiritual level where we find love, truth, integrity, honour, generosity, humanity, and so on.
If we develop a concept of God that includes all the concepts without which a high-level civilization cannot function, so that civilization would collapse if a single one was missing, then the spectrum that defines the composite of God would include Love, Truth, Spirit, Mind, Soul, Life, and Principle. The divine Love would then be reflected in love individually; Truth be reflected in truthfulness; Mind be reflected in wisdom and discovery; Soul in beauty, poetry, and song; Life in the abundance of human living, and Principle be reflected in powers of expression, production, and creation; and so on.
This composite of the qualities that define the term God, was developed in the late 1800s in the USA by Mary Baker Eddy.
What she presented after decades of self-directed, and God directed, scientific development was so far above the background of her time, that it took quite a few years for society to accept it and to move with it. She was a leader who stood far above the default train. Her development occurred against the background of the prayers of many, to end slavery in the land. There was a movement afoot away from the default train. She evidently stepped further towards what no one had accomplished before. Her breakthrough discovery may be seen as God's answer to a nation searching for freedom. What came out of it may also have been just a stepping stone towards meeting the greater challenge that now lays before us to adapt our world to the dark and cold environment of an inactive Sun.
None of the qualities that Mary Baker Eddy laid onto the table, as the composite of the highest concept of God, were developed on the default train. High-level spiritual concepts are foreign there. Nevertheless they all need to become common hallmarks of expression that define the society of human beings, because the task before us, to maintain a civilization in a world under an inactive Sun, is extremely demanding. It is a task that requires the greatest qualities to be expressed on the near universal platform. Where in the past great leadership pointed the way, the future demands require that this quality is developed universally, or nearly so.
When seen in the long sweep of universal history, the advent of Christ Jesus, and later of Christian Science, may be seen as critical steps for advancing the world towards the necessary spiritual qualities for meeting the ice age challenge before us.
This isn't accomplished on the easy chair or on the default train.
The easy chair needs to be banned, and fast. Our modern society is still riding the default train. This is dangerous.
By the lack of its self-directed spiritual development, society has rendered itself unqualified to make the grade required for survival. Technologically, the ice age challenge can be easily met, but the human footsteps to accept the challenge and fulfill the task, are far from even being considered.
We should become determined as never before, to get ourselves out of the easy chair, and off the default train, into a race to meet the higher and fuller expressions of our humanity in all that we do. And we should do this decisively as if our survival in the world depends on our succeeding, because, evidently, it really does.
With this in mind it needs to be noted that we already see a faint turnaround happening towards greater expressions of the spiritual values in which our humanity comes more fully to light, and that this trend is unfolding, weak as it may be, while the money god of empire still rules the default scene - which is the only scene where empire can rule.
The turnaround, away from the default scene, as small as this turnaround may presently be, leads towards scientific progress and an increased humanity with new spiritual paradigms that are slowly gaining notoriety, coupled with a sense of optimism in the air that the long epoch of empire is finally ending, together with the empire policies of looting, war, fascism, monetarism, terrorism, and so on.
Our hope lies not so much in the fact that the cosmic-ray flux is increasing again, and that in time it will become the gold trim of the silver lining of the dark cloud of the coming Ice Age with its dimmer Sun.
Our hope lies in the power of our self-development that builds on the riches that we have already won for ourselves as human beings.
Nevertheless the coming new Ice Age isn't something to cry over, but is rather something that's worth celebrating. We celebrate the closing of what may some day be called a spiritual lean period in which we achieved wonders nevertheless. Let us celebrate that when the heliosphere vanishes that is presently created by our electrically powered Sun, a new age for humanity may dawn that will be brighter in the things that really matter than anything that we have seen thus far.
When the next Ice Age begins we can expect to see a radical increase of the profound humanist developments to occur that have shaped us for the last two million years, which now, from a flying start, promise to be of a magnitude and quality, which we cannot imagine as yet, provided we survive the present world long enough to get there and build the infrastructures that we require to live in this new world that we will built for ourselves for the coming ice age environment.
Getting there also means that we must end the long epoch of empire; that we shut down its deepening cesspools, the terror projects of empire, the nuclear war build-up, and the monetarism that empire has forged that is collapsing the world. Getting there further means that we scrap the depopulation ideology that is championed by empire, that is wrecking the economies - that we banish the system of empire altogether, especially its fascism that demands the wholesale burning of food in a starving world.
Yes, in a physical sense, a winter is coming that promises to be harsh, but this winter promises to be rich in blessings that promise a new age of exciting potentials and many more steps forward in the advance of civilization on all fronts, especially in science, spirituality, and Christian Science.
Yes, the ice age transition before us comes with exciting potentials that stand before us as a powerful incentive for us to awake, to open our eyes, and to let go of the nightmarish dreams of empire and its shackles and chokeholds
The Giza pyramids and Stone Henge
The development of humanity appears to have always been intertwined with 'grasping the fire,' both mentally and physically. On this road humanity wrought many great wonders throughout the long history of its self-development. Some of the wonders stand as giant structures that still puzzle us today. How were they built? What where they built for?
In asking these questions, some of the ancient structures that we marvel at, ironically, also come to light to serve as a link to the future. They give us a hint of what the ancient builders may have seen in the sky, which can no longer be seen, because the modern age unfolds in an electrically collapsing solar environment that is trending towards its impending solar cut-off point.
The builders of the pyramids may have experienced both of the solar extremes: A more brilliant Sun than we have today; and the inactive Sun that would have created the Younger Dryas period of renewed glaciation, in which researchers suggest the Giza pyramids have been built.
Contrary to assertions by Egyptology, the Giza pyramids were likely built 12,800 years ago, and not as tombs, for which they were later used. The distant date is derived by running the astrophysical clock backwards until a point is reached at which the Sphinx of the Giza complex is seeing its own image in the sky on a solstice sunrise.
The suggested date seems to be confirmed by the complete absence of inscriptions inside the pyramids. Inscriptions became customary much later, during the time of the pharaohs. Numerous other features likewise place the Giza pyramids far outside the timeframe of the pharaohs.
One of these features is the quality of their design, and the precision in construction. These place the Giza complex distinctly into a category of its own that nothing which the Egyptians had produced, and had been capable of at the time, comes even close to.
Assuming that the pyramids were built 12,800 years before the present, which is the most reasonable estimate to date, what would have been the motive for the people at the time to build the giant structures that they built?
It appears that the motive may have been religious in a sense, while it was built around astrophysical phenomena.
During the great warming period, 2000 years previous to the building of the pyramids, a very large Dansgaard-Oeschger event broke the deep chill of the last ice age. At this time when the Sun became extremely active, the people may have seen with their naked eye the plasma images of the Primer Fields in action, centered on the Sun.
The type of image that we see today in the Red Square nebula may have been seen 'bright' and clear in the ancient skies. The full image may have been seen in the time of a solar eclipse, while a part of the image may have been 'blazing' in the night skies from dusk to dawn.
The people may have seen in the sky two pyramid shapes of light, with the Sun between then. On this basis the Sun may have became an object of worship - the giver of abundant life resting on a pyramid. Then, suddenly, the Sun becomes inactive again. The idea must have emerged at this time to build a pyramid for the Sun - a house for the gods, provided on the Earth
When a thousand years later the Sun became brilliant once more and soon thereafter went inactive again, a deep crisis may have erupted that inspired the building of the greatest pyramid of all times to entice the Sun god to restore its shiny face for his people.
The people may also have seen among the plasma images in the sky, perhaps right at the center of them, the famous three stars of the belt of the constellation Orion.
These three stars appear to have determined the positions of the pyramids, their alignment to each other, and their relative size.
When the great pyramid building project was launched, it appears that the ancients did not built not just one pyramid, to inspire the gods, but have built all three pyramids together as a single project, with each pyramid being exactly aligned and proportioned in accord with the three stars of the belt of Orion.
In this manner the pyramids of Giza stand for us as a silent testimony that the brilliance of the Sun is not a permanent feature, but is a fleeting phenomenon at times, which once had inspired a monumental response by a 'nation' to get the shiny face of the Sun back.
The pyramids also tell us another significant story. The evident fact that the Giza project was built 12,800 years ago is important, as it tells us that the region in which it was built was biologically sufficiently strong to support a large population.
Giza is located near Cairo on the thirty degree latitude in the northern part of the Sahara.
Petroglyphs indicate that the Sahara was a lush region before it became drowned in sand, perhaps by a swarm of comet fragments that became electrically fractured into sand while strafing the ionosphere, or even the atmosphere, in an event that no one lived to tell about.
Since the Sahara was lush before this time and supported a civilization during the times of the inactive Sun, the northern boundary of the Sahara appears to be also the northern boundary of the ice age safe zone, coinciding with the thirty-five degree latitude.
The safe line stretches across California in the USA, north of Los Angeles, and from there through the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and in the East it cuts through the middle of China near Lianyungang, and through Japan south of Tokyo. Anything north of that, typically along the 40 degree line, from Beijing to Madrid to Philadelphia, was permafrost country during the last ice age.
This means that large portions of the Earth become 'difficult,' if not impossible, to live in during the solar inactive times. This includes primarily Russia, China, Canada, the USA, and Europe, which share a common problem, and thereby are natural partners for building the required solution.
If the solution requires to place agriculture onto the sea, since land is scarce in the tropical areas, a perfect zone exists for doing this right along the equator. A narrow zone exists along the equator that is free of hurricanes. Placing agriculture onto floating modules made out of basalt and produced in nuclear powered, automated industrial processes, is probably more easily accomplished than greening the Sahara in laborious manual operations. The same is evidently also true for the automated production of complete housing-modules, as a necessary and free infrastructure to mobilize our humanity.
Some protest here, that this is too hard to do.
If the people of a small culture, as far back as 12,800 years ago, were able to mobilize the economic resources to cut 4 million stone blocks out of the bedrock, weighing several tonnes each, transport them to the building site, and to place them with precision on a structure with a steep slope reaching 480 feet into the sky, in comparison with that, the building of bridges across the oceans with floating agriculture and floating pre-manufactured cities, is small stuff, considering the power of high-temperature automated industrial processes, motivated with nuclear power. A single 1 gigawatt plant should be able to produce 2,000 housing units an hour. We can have a whole new world coming online on this basis with comparatively little effort. No one needs to starve or perish when the Sun becomes inactive.
That's what the pyramids are telling us.
This means that the future of Canada, Russia, and Europe is logically located on the sea along the equator, and to a lesser degree the future of China and the USA. It also means that we better get busy soon, to transform our world.
Another large construction project from ancient times tells us a similar story. The Stone Henge project, like the pyramid building project, reflects features that the ancient builders must have seen in the sky, as the features that were constructed, replicate critical aspects of high-power plasma physics that were only recently discovered in laboratory experiments.
The Stone Henge monument features a ring of 56 chalk pits, a meter wide and three quarters of a meter deep, name the Aubrey holes in honour of the discoverer of them. Their purpose remains a puzzle unless one connects them with the sky.
It was discovered in a lab experiment, published in 2003, that “A solid beam of charged particles tends to form hollow cylinders that may then filament into individual currents. When observed from below, the pattern consists of circles, circular rings of bright spots, and intense electrical discharge streamers connecting the inner structure to the outer structure.“ The maximum number of the filaments has been found to be 56.
Another experiment shows that the concentrated plasma that flows between the two complementary bowl structures of the Primer Fields, forms a ring of 56 distinct plasma filaments, which in the real world, under extreme conditions, appear to have been visible in the sky.
It has been noted that over long distances the filaments merge in groups of two or three, as can be seen in this image of the Supernova 1987A.
The image shown here is giving us a cross-section view of a strong Birkeland current flowing in space.
In another experiment a more perfect cross section image of a very-high power plasma stream has been recorded that shows the structure of the 56 plasma filaments self-aligned into a circle, and streamers flowing into two other circles, and so on.
It is surprising to note how closely the layout of the Stone Henge monument, built so long ago, matches the plasma flow patterns that became visible only recently in experiments produced in the laboratory.
The surprising similarity that we find in these two cases suggests that the plasma-flow patterns had been seen in the sky in ancient times, probably seven or eight thousand years ago in times when the interglacial Sun was at it peak power level. The pattern that was seen then, which was replicated in the monument, would have been the outflow pattern of the concentrated plasma that was at the time visibly focused onto the Sun.
That we no longer see these types of patterns, is the natural consequence of the weak plasma environment today. There is simply not enough density left remaining for any of the plasma features forged by the Primer Fields to be visible. Soon, the Primer Fields themselves will collapse and the Sun become inactive again for long intervals, as it had been during the previous ice age period.
Politics versus science
It may well be that humanity urgently requires the ice age challenge that now stands before us, to awake the world from its current rut before the 'sleep of reason' causes humanity to become extinct by the nuclear war that the world's leaders of empire have been building weapons for, for more than 50 years already. It would only take an hour and a half of thermonuclear war to create the conditions that causes the extinction of humanity and most forms of life with it.
We need to raise the value of our humanity sufficiently high to take the steps required to cleanse the human landscape of the terror of nuclear war and everything that is linked to it. This is a spiritual task, more than a political task. The correlation of cosmic-ray flux with solar activity, indicates that the advance of civilization is a spiritual task. This alone should inspire us to pursue spiritual development as the highest priority objective of modern time, in order to become sufficiently spiritual minded to protect ourselves.
We wield weapons not out of strength. We wield weapons out of weakness. We wield them because of our inability to face one another as human beings. Let's hope that the ice age challenge will awake us enough to consider what human living is all about, before we throw it away without ever having really lived.
We face a choice therefore. The choice is between the system of empire for which all wars are fought, and the platform for freedom on which human culture and human development depends. So far humanity stands impotent and tied to the ground. It stands latched to the system of empire where it hails the weapon and throws away its humanity, as if it was already dead, unable the choose life and to choose it more abundantly.
In many respects humanity still lives in the Roman age, reflecting the grand fascist arena of monetarism married to terror, inhumanity, and depopulation. Large segments of humanity are presently being killed under the new Roman banner, and brutally starved, torn, and despised, while much of the world looks on silently, betting on the indexes for profits.
While we no longer burn people alive by the dozen as in the grand arenas long ago, we simply starve them to death at a rate of 300,000 a day by burning their food in automobiles in the form of biofuels.
We need the ice age challenge as a new paradigm for living, in order that we may heal us of the tragedies that we have allowed to come upon us.
If we fail to become human above everything else; above politics, economics, religion, status, and sex, and fail to see ourselves as a single humanity honouring one another in love, we find ourselves unfit to meet the ice age challenge, which, technologically is not a great challenge to meet.
However, if we fail the ice age challenge, as we have failed in the past by not preventing the great wars, destruction, and looting carried out in the name of empires, then the coming ice age will bury us, with few exceptions. Perhaps then, in a thousand generations, or a million years, a new humanity will rise again and will not fail those challenges that we presently have no intention to even address. The universe won't be cheated by us failing ourselves. Only we lose by our failing. But why should we fail?
We only need to rekindle that flame in the heart that rekindles our humanity and our human productive and creative power, and the beauty of our human soul and its scientific honesty. The world has become a desert landscape in all of these areas. We need to begin by turning the desert into an oasis across the world. The fading little flame of today, needs to be nourished to become a great fire in civilization. Surely, we can do this.
When we get to this point, not even the sky will be a limit for us, much less the conditions that we find on the Earth. But will we do this? Will we dare to step up onto the wings and fly? Will we trust ourselves, for the great task? These remain still-open questions.
Evidently the greatest danger before us, is not the astrophysical one. This one we can deal with fairly easily and protect ourselves from the astrophysical changes.
The greatest danger that we face, then, is that we will do nothing, that we won't respond to the astrophysical challenge before us and die of starvation by not having created the infrastructures for our food supply that enables us to live richly in the dimmer world.
The danger is that we keep up the present course, that we continue debating global warming and manmade climate change, and that we continue to bow to the monetarism of empire till the Sun turns off and goes into its sleep mode.
We have been brainwashed to commit ourselves to the present tragic course by the choruses of the professional scoundrels that the masters of empire have bought with their money bags to keep the dream of empire alive. Those, who sing the empire song, are people who have sold their soul for a song and have turned civilization into a desert of starvation already, before the big challenge even begins. That's what the global warming hoopla; the nuclear war terror; and depopulation are all about, standing against the future of humanity, aren't they?
A similar type a brainwashing has also been applied to keep the fusion-sun theory alive at all cost, as it serves the policies of empire well. It prevents economic development, energy development, and scientific development. Humanity is being kept tied into knots by debating the fusion-sun theory, because the outcome of the brainwashing promises to facilitate the cherished objectives of empire, which is to eliminate 6 billion people from the face of the planet from the present 7 billion to about 1 billion. That's the officially stated policy for depopulation. Would you like to be 'depopulated?'
Would you like to see your children to become depopulated? This is what will happen if the ice age challenge is denied. If your answer is, yes, to the depopulation question, then sit back and do nothing, as you may do together with most of humanity, and you will have what you wish for. There is today little evidence on the horizon for a breakout from society's commitment to its small-minded thinking that has been imposed on it, such as in the context of the global warming scam and the fusion-sun.
The train of the fusion-sun continues on track, even while the evidence is monumental that the Sun is an electrically powered star.
However, behind the scene of denial of the evidence that we see - a denial that is political and artificial in nature - stands the humanity that we are - a highly intelligent species that will always remain what it fundamentally is, which tends to assert itself in times of deep crisis.
The intelligence of humanity will make its claim, slowly as this may unfold, and stand for truth, and will thereby prevent the greatest catastrophe of all times from occurring, which would result with certainty if the astrophysical processes that evidently loom before us, would remain too long ignored and not be responded to.
It is inherent in the design of humanity that the leading-edge thinkers will break through the fog of political games and open their eyes to the mountains of bodies of evidence that astrophysical processes have a powerful impact on earth.
It is inherent in the intelligence that we embody and reflect as humanity, that the most alert scientists and truth-seekers do see the phase changes before they happen, by understanding the processes involved, and that they will inspire society to move with the requirements of the future that can be shaped with intelligent actions.
Scientific progress remains the hallmark of humanity. Even if the options are at times obscured, and the paths seem tied into knots, enormous scientific efforts have been made, and continue to be made, to push forward our understanding of the universe and its operation, and of ourselves in the unfolding process.
The more we move forward with our exploration on this front, the more will a great renaissance take shape before us, with unlimited energy resources that give us access to unlimited building materials and food supplies, all with the kind of density that enables us to respond to the changing solar system, which then can no longer endanger our civilization nor hinder its advances.
In fact these potentials stand before us right now, to be realized now, and be developed fully before the Sun reverts to its inactive state as it did during the previous ice ages.
In the previous ice ages the great potential that we have today to create a new world, did not exist, but it does exist now. As an intelligent species, the most advanced that ever existed on the Earth, we will not squander this potential. Maybe this is what the Universe recognized and put to our credit. Humanity had proven its worth before the Little Ice Age began.
During the Little Ice Age, for the first time ever, a process was set in motion to create a society without empire on the distant shores of America.
The pilgrims' determination for the first time in history to raise the finger to empire eventually resulted in the founding of the USA as the first sovereign nation state on the planet - the city on a hill that the eyes of the world were indeed fixed upon.
The remarkable achievement that had begun, which was a radical new development in civilization - for a people to collectively take a stand against the system of empire - would likely have been lost together with much of humanity if the Little Ice Age had progressed to become the big Ice Age. But this train to near extinction was blocked with a major Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse that ended the Little Ice Age and extended the interglacial period by a few more hundred years from the late 1700s on.
The extension of the interglacial was extremely critical for the development of civilization. It set the stage for the greatest economic and scientific development the world has ever seen, even though much was squandered away in recent years.
The 200-year period of warm climates after the Little Ice Age, which was by its timing evidently a major Dansgaard-Oeschger pulse, gave us the population increase that is required as an economic base for carrying out the redevelopment of the world in preparation for the coming ice age period when the Sun goes on and off for typically 90,000 years. Was this ideal coincidence, accidental? Was it a gift from heaven, to save the world? Or was it earned by humanity?
While the war against empire has not yet been won, the challenge of having to prepare the world for the environment of the dimming Sun will bring back to light the great achievements of the past and thereby swing the balance from empire and its wars and its money, to freedom and to the fulfillment of the common aims of all mankind.
This trend away from empire towards the freedom of humanity started in the 1620s with the Pilgrims that settled in Massachusetts, who came there to set up a New World on the American shores, far from empire. The Peace of Westphalia that occurred later in 1648, to end the Thirty Years War, also started a movement in the same direction in Europe, which still stands to some degree as the foundation for modern civilization.
On this same type of path, as the power of society's self-directed spiritual development is stepped up far above the default train, the threat of nuclear war will vanish and become forgotten history as though it never existed, together with all the ugly garments that empire still parades: its monetarism, terrorism, fascism, greed, slavery, genocide, poverty, hatred, lies, and so on and on.
The requirement to meet the human need in the grandest style possible and with the greatest freedoms unfolding from it, has been the basic dream and hope in every religion that ever was, which is a dream that has so far never been fully realized, but might be realized at last as we step forward in our self-directed progression from religion to the scientific realization of the grand humanity that is inherent in us all, in which we are One.
The astrophysical challenge of the dimming Sun puts a new type of challenge before us that inspires new paradigms, since the old paradigms no longer apply.
This is something to celebrate. It inspires us to reclaim our humanity, raise it up anew, explore it in new novels, new poetry, and new songs, on the road of our intentional development of our unlimited potentials.
This makes our future bright in spite of the dimming Sun, or because of it, for the challenge it imposes.
DIAZ, Illac : "Liter of Light" Solar
Lightbulb
http://aliteroflight.org
http://www.gizmag.com/pop-bottles-provide-light/19829/
Social project uses pop bottles to
provide indoor lighting for the poor
Perhaps you've performed that old camping trick before, where you created a lantern by shining a flashlight into a water-filled bottle. While that may have helped you find your marshmallows in the dark, imagine how much brighter that bottle would have been if it were lit directly by the Sun. Bright enough, it turns out, that it could brilliantly light up the interior of a one-room house. That's the idea behind the Isang Litrong Liwanag (A Liter of Light) project - it's bringing daytime indoor lighting to the homes of the poor in the Philippines, by installing water-filled plastic pop bottles through holes in their roofs.
Isang Litrong Liwanag is run by the Philippines' MyShelter Foundation, which was in turn established by social entrepreneur Illac Diaz. The group was founded to promote social enterprise, appropriate technology and alternative construction in the region.
The Solar Bottle Bulb, as it is called, was originally designed by students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Its construction and installation is simple. A clear one-liter pop bottle is filled with water, chlorine is added, then the bottle is squeezed part way through a hole in a piece of corrugated tin. A corresponding hole is cut in the tin roof of a house, the tin-and-bottle is secured over the hole so that the bottom of the bottle hangs down through the ceiling/roof, then caulking is applied to prevent rain from getting in.
When sunlight hits the roof and the top of the bottle, its rays are carried down through the water and dispersed into the interior of the home, giving off about as much light as a 55-watt bulb. Given that many of these homes lack windows, they might otherwise be nearly pitch black inside.
Not only does the system produce light during daylight hours, but it is also providing a living for locals who build and install the Solar Bottle Bulbs, and it diverts bottles that might otherwise end up in a landfill. While the bottles don't provide light once the Sun sets, homeowners do at least have the option of performing indoor activities that require illumination during the day, when the light is available. They could also turn to solar-powered lamps such as the Solar Pebble.
Additionally, some homes do have limited electrical lighting, but the Solar Bottle Bulbs allow their owners to save electricity by not using that lighting before dark.
Illac Diaz has stated that he hopes to outfit one million homes with his system by 2012. We wish him luck in his endeavor.
YouTube Videos :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQCHvO2H0_0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5YQ4t5apPM
HOW TO BUILD A SOLAR BOTTLE BULB
KANAN, Matthew, et al. : Catalytic
Production of Ethanol from CO2
http://rt.com/usa/stanford-study-copper-ethanol-728/
April 10, 2014
Scientists discover how to make
ethanol using just water and CO2
Scientists at Stanford University in the state of California say they’ve developed a procedure for making potent liquid ethanol that doesn’t rely on corn or any other crops traditionally involved in the process.
The researchers disclosed their discovery in the latest online edition of the journal Nature, and in it they say that in less than three years’ time they expect to have a prototype device ready that will make biofuel from using not much more than carbon monoxide, easily derived from carbon dioxide.
"We have discovered the first metal catalyst that can produce appreciable amounts of ethanol from carbon monoxide at room temperature and pressure – a notoriously difficult electrochemical reaction," wrote Stanford’s Matthew Kanan, a co-author of the report released this week.
The scientists say that they are still a ways from developing said prototype, but believe they are on the right track towards achieving a goal that has the potential of providing people with a new, less-costly biofuel that could essentially revamp the energy industry.
"I emphasize that these are just laboratory experiments today. We haven't built a device," Kanan said. "But it demonstrates the feasibility of using electricity that you could get from a renewable energy source to power fuel synthesis — in this case ethanol. There are some real advantages to doing that relative to using biomass to produce ethanol."
Indeed, for one the new process unveiled out of the Ivy League school this week would eliminate crops from the equation needed to make biofuel, a change that is certain to revamp America’s agriculture landscape if the resources once required were no longer needed. According to the scientists, this alone could help push food prices down by no longer diverting thousands of acres worth of key crops to the energy sector. The traditional biofuel conversion process requires a single bushel of corn, for example, in order to make just three gallons of ethanol — along with hundreds upon hundreds of gallons of water, the Stanford News site reported this week.
Instead, the researchers say that biofuel would be generated by using a state-of-the-art device still in development that uses two electrodes, including one made of an "oxide-derived copper," to convert it into fuel.
“Copper,” the researchers wrote in their abstract, “…is the only known material with an appreciable [carbon monoxide electroreduction activity, but in bulk form its efficiency and selectivity for liquid fuel are far too low for practical use.”
But using a two-stop conversion process, the Stanford scientists say it’s entirely feasible to create a device that would create potent liquid fuel without requiring acres upon acres of farmland.
"The electrochemical conversion of CO2and H2O into liquid fuel is ideal for high-density renewable energy storage and could provide an incentive for CO2capture," they wrote.
"Most materials are incapable of reducing carbon monoxide and exclusively react with water," Kanan told the Stanford News site. "Copper is the only exception, but conventional copper is very inefficient."
"Prior to our study, there was a sense that no catalyst could efficiently reduce carbon monoxide to a liquid. We have a solution to this problem that's made of copper, which is cheap and abundant,” he added. “We hope our results inspire other people to work on our system or develop a new catalyst that converts carbon monoxide to fuel."
According to the Renewable Fuels Association, the US leads the world in ethanol production by generation around 13.3 billion gallons of the biofuel during the last calendar year.
Comment : Stanley Penkala 12.04.2014 19:23
The article says, "...make biofuel from using not much more than carbon monoxide, easily derived from carbon dioxide."
Except carbon monoxide is NOT easily derived from carbon dioxide. In fact, carbon DIOXIDE is easily derived from carbon MONOXIDE. That's simple oxidation of the CO molecule, which is a gaseous fuel. Going the other direction, from CO2 to CO, is like trying to run uphill. It's a heck of a lot harder, and it takes a ton of energy.
BTW, Stanford is NOT an Ivy League school. That's probably the least consequential error in this article.
Patents
CATALYSTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYTIC CO2 OR CO REDUCTION
WO2014018091
CATALYSIS CONTROLLED BY INTERFACIAL ELECTRIC FIELDS
WO2013028911
CATALYSTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYTIC CO2 REDUCTION
WO2013016447
EVOLVING NEW MOLECULAR FUNCTION
US2012165228
REACTION DISCOVERY SYSTEM
US2011312507
CATALYTIC MATERIALS, ELECTRODES, AND SYSTEMS FOR WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
MX2010014396
CATALYTIC MATERIALS, PHOTOANODES, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS FOR WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
MX2011003719
Evolving New Molecular Function
US2011190141
CATALYTIC MATERIALS, PHOTOANODES, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS FOR WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND OTHER, ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
US2010133110
PALLADIUM-CATALYZED CARBON-CARBON BOND FORMING REACTIONS
WO2007008226
http://kananlab.stanford.edu/
Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis for Renewable Fuel Synthesis
The ability to convert H2O, CO2 and N2 into fuels using renewable energy inputs could in principle provide a viable alternative to the current dominance of fossil fuels. This prospect faces great technical challenges, the foremost of which is the lack of efficient and robust electrocatalysts for the various multi-electron processes that fuel synthesis demands. We are working to address this deficiency for the two most challenging reactions: CO2 reduction and N2 reduction.
We have developed a new class of catalysts called “oxide-derived” metal nanoparticles, which are prepared by electrochemically reducing a metal oxide precursor. The process of metal oxide reduction kinetically traps metastable nanoparticle structures that exhibit catalytic properties not found in nanoparticles prepared by conventional syntheses. Oxide-derived nanoparticles exhibit unprecedented efficiency for CO2 reduction at potentials close to the thermodynamic minimum, enabling energetically efficient reductions under ambient conditions. The ultimate goals of this research are to develop catalyst design principles that are applicable to multiple materials and to provide viable candidate electrode materials for practical devices.
Electrostatic Control of Selectivity in Catalytic Reactions
Current strategies for controlling selectivity in chemical reactions rely principally on molecular recognition elements. As an alternative, we are developing catalysts and catalyst–surface interfaces that exploit non-bonding electrostatic interactions to control selectivity. We are particularly interested in using externally-applied interfacial electric fields to modulate the activation barriers of competing reactive pathways. We have designed a reaction cell wherein the charge density at an electrode surface coated with an insulating layer can be controlled by a voltage source. By confining catalysts to this interface, we can externally modulate the local electrostatic environment in which a reaction takes place.
We have shown that local charge density can change the selectivity of reactions catalyzed by both solid-state and molecular catalysts. Additionally, we are developing homogeneous catalysts with strategically placed ionic functionalities to maximize the influence of ion pairing and solvent effects on selectivity. The ultimate goals of these efforts are to link selectivity to readily adjustable external parameters and to address selectivity challenges that are particularly difficult for traditional approaches.
TAGHIAN, Tollo, et al. :
High-Frequency Accelerated Wound Healing
http://www.uc.edu/news/NR.aspx?id=19331
2/3/2014
UC Research Tests Range of Electrical
Frequencies that Help Heal Chronic Wounds
By
M.B. Reilly
M.B. Reilly
Hard-to-heal wounds, like diabetic ulcers, fester because of insufficient blood supply at the wound site. However, the application of an electrical stimulus can promote the growth of blood vessels, and new UC research examines the best stimulus parameters (such as frequency and magnitude) for successful therapy.
And externally applied low-amplitude electric fields have been shown to help hard-to-heal chronic wounds, like those associated with diabetes, where there is insufficient blood supply and drug treatments are not effective. The externally applied electric field manipulates the body’s naturally occurring electricity, such that the new vessels are formed, and blood supply to the wound is increased.
University of Cincinnati physics and biomedical engineering researchers recently tested for the most-effective magnitude and frequency when applying an external low-amplitude electric field to vascular cells, which are key to healing chronic wounds. Physics doctoral student Toloo Taghian will present the results at the March 3-7 American Physical Society meeting in Denver. The title of her presentation is “Co-Regulation of Cell Behavior by Electromagnetic Stimulus and Extracellular Environment.”
The team discovered that high-frequency electrical stimulus, similar to that generated by cell phones and Wi-Fi networks, increased the growth of blood vessel networks by as much as 50 percent, while low-frequency electrical stimulus did not produce such an effect. As part of their work, the UC team has developed a specialized antenna to apply the electrical signals to a localized wound, and that design is now the subject of a provisional patent.
HOW HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRICITY AFFECTS VASCULAR CELL GROWTH
The high-frequency electrical stimulus is able to change the ionic environment surrounding the endothelial cells, which form the lining of blood vessels. Inside the cells, this stimulus can create links with proteins (proteins have existing charges that react with the applied electrical field) to activate pathway signals leading to growth in the capillary network. The high-frequency electrical stimulus also causes cells to produce chemicals called “growth factors” that help sustain growing vascular networks.
Said Taghian, “Electrical stimulation activates the pathway for angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and the vascular network growth is enhanced. We can expect that, as a result, wound closure would be enhanced, leading to a faster healing.”
The potential for electrical-based treatment of wounds is far reaching. Given the targeted, localized nature of such wound treatment, the application of electrical stimulus could replace or reduce the need for drug-based treatments which affect the entire body and may carry side effects. Importantly, such therapy could be applied using a hand-held device without the need to remove the wound dressing.
The stimulus frequency used by the team was as high as 7.5 billion cycles per second (Gigahertz, or GHz), and as low as 60 cycles per second (Hertz, or Hz), which is the same frequency used in 120V power outlets in the United States. The vascular tissue cells were exposed to the electrical fields for one hour per day for seven days, and the rate of wound healing was observed for 24 hours after each treatment.
DANKOVICH, Theresa : NanoSilver
Water Purifier
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/business/technology/140502/drinkable-book-can-purify-contaminated-drinking-water
May 2, 2014
"Drinkable Book" can purify
contaminated water
by
Timothy McGrath
Timothy McGrath
The pages from this 'Drinkable Book' can purify contaminated drinking water for an entire year
3.4 million people die each year from diseases related to contaminated drinking water. Can a piece of paper change that?
780 million people around the world lack access to clean drinking water and 3.4 million people die every year from diseases related to contaminated water. (For some perspective on those numbers: the population of the United States is 314 million and the population of Los Angeles is 3.9 million.)
Theresa Dankovich, a chemist who did her PhD at McGill University and is now a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Virginia, is hoping her new invention can help. Dankovich has designed a simple paper that's coated with disease-killing silver nanoparticles that works like a technologically advanced coffee filter. Pour contaminated water through the paper and it kills 99.99 percent of the bacteria, which results in drinking water that's as clean as US tap water.
Dankovich has partnered with WATERisLIFE, an international non-profit, to get the filter papers into the hands of people who need them. They've come up with an ingenious idea: the Drinkable Book, which provides enough filter paper for a year's worth of clean drinking water. (The book also offers public health advice about sanitation.)
Stacks of Danvovich's paper are bound into a single volume and placed in a 3-D printed box that doubles as a filter container. The whole thing couldn't be easier. Tear a perforated sheet out of the book, slide it into the container, pour contaminated water, and presto: you've got clean drinking water in the amount of time it takes to fill up a Brita.
WATERisLIFE's Drinkable Book may not last as a delivery system, but Dankovich's paper should. It's inexpensive to produce, easy to use, and could change the world.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYTif9F188E
The Drinkable Book - Water is Life
MACLEAN, Michelle, et
al. : Photoinactivation of Bacteria
[ Excerpts ]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663198/
Appl Environ Microbiol. Apr 2009; 75(7): 1932–1937.
Feb 6, 2009.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.01892-08
PMCID: PMC2663198
Inactivation of Bacterial Pathogens
following Exposure to Light from a 405-Nanometer
Light-Emitting Diode Array
Michelle Maclean,* Scott J. MacGregor, John G. Anderson, and Gerry Woolsey
Michelle Maclean,* Scott J. MacGregor, John G. Anderson, and Gerry Woolsey
Abstract
This study demonstrates the susceptibility of a variety of medically important bacteria to inactivation by 405-nm light from an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), without the application of exogenous photosensitizer molecules. Selected bacterial pathogens, all commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections, were exposed to the 405-nm LED array, and the results show that both gram-positive and gram-negative species were successfully inactivated, with the general trend showing gram-positive species to be more susceptible than gram-negative bacteria. Detailed investigation of the bactericidal effect of the blue-light treatment on Staphylococcus aureus suspensions, for a range of different population densities, demonstrated that 405-nm LED array illumination can cause complete inactivation at high population densities: inactivation levels corresponding to a 9-log10 reduction were achieved. The results, which show the inactivation of a wide range of medically important bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrate that, with further development, narrow-spectrum 405-nm visible-light illumination from an LED source has the potential to provide a novel decontamination method with a wide range of potential applications.
Inactivation of microorganisms using methods involving exposure to light is an area of increasing research interest in part because of the intractable problem of microbial antibiotic resistance. Ultraviolet (UV) light is well established as a light inactivation treatment, inducing effects ranging from DNA damage, primarily as a result of UV absorption by DNA at wavelengths of 240 nm to 280 nm (3), to sublethal damage of DNA repair systems caused by near-UV light (24). The use of UV light, however, has limitations due to its detrimental effects on skin tissue and components of the eye (28). On the other hand, visible-light inactivation, which traditionally requires the addition of photosensitizing molecules and is termed photodynamic inactivation (PDI), has been developed as a treatment for cancer and other medical ailments (11). The rapidly increasing problem of microbial antibiotic resistance has ignited research interest into the use of PDI as an alternative antimicrobial treatment. Numerous in vitro PDI studies have been made involving microbial inactivation, with successful results for bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, and parasites (29, 7, 12, 2, 5). Furthermore, recent work has shown that photosensitization of bacterial cells is independent of the antibiotic resistance spectrum (17).
The focus of the present study, however, concerns the photoinactivation of bacterial cells without the involvement of an applied photosensitizer. Previous studies have shown that exposure to visible light, more specifically, blue-light wavelengths, causes inactivation of certain bacterial species, including Propionobacterium acnes, Helicobacter pylori, and some oral pigmented bacteria (1, 8, 22). This inactivation mechanism, known to be oxygen dependent (6), is thought to be a result of the photoexcitation of naturally occurring endogenous porphyrins, which act as endogenous photosensitizers within the bacterial cells. This porphyrin excitation leads to energy transfer and, ultimately, the production of highly cytotoxic, oxygen-derived species, most notably, singlet oxygen (11, 26).
Previous work has demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus can be photodynamically inactivated using 400- to 420-nm visible-light, with maximum visible-light inactivation at 405 nm (13, 9, 10, 14), through an oxygen-dependent process (15). This inactivation of S. aureus is thought to be the result of a porphyrin-mediated process similar to that demonstrated with P. acnes. A previous study by Maclean et al. (14) utilized a broad-spectrum xenon white-light source combined with a range of optical filters to identify the sensitivity of S. aureus to wavelengths of light within the visible region. The present study investigates specifically the use of 405-nm light as the inactivating wavelength and also extends the scope of previous studies by producing new information on the sensitivities of a range of bacterial pathogens to the bactericidal effects of 405-nm light.
The inactivating light used in the present study was generated from 405-nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Investigations were carried out on the use of the 405-nm light from the LED array source for the inactivation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and a range of other important nosocomial bacterial pathogens—both gram-positive and gram-negative types—in the absence of any chemical pretreatment. The results are discussed with regard to the possible cellular mechanisms involved in this light-based inactivation and to the potential use of this method for environmental decontamination applications in both clinical and nonclinical environments....
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bacteria....
LED light source.
High-intensity 405-nm light was achieved with the LEDs in the form of a close-packed rectangular array of 99 individual LEDs in an 11 by 9 matrix. The light of these 405-nm LEDs is generated in the active region of an InGaN/GaN semiconductor junction. These arrays (OD-405-99-070) are produced by OptoDiode Corp (CA). The emission spectrum of the 405-nm LED array is shown in Fig. ?Fig.1.1. It can be seen that the center wavelength for maximum emission is close to 405 nm, and the bandwidth is ~10 nm at full-width half-maximum. The LED array was bonded to a heat sink and fan to minimize the temperature of the semiconductor junction. The junction temperature was maintained at around 30°C, well below the specified maximum operating temperature of 100°C. This arrangement also ensured that the heat produced by the complete light system was low and had no effect on the test samples exposed to the 405-nm light. The arrangement was mounted in a polyvinyl chloride housing designed to fit on top of a 12-well microplate (without lid), with the LED array positioned directly above a single sample well. The LED array was powered by a direct current supply with the output controllable in the range 0 to 3 A and 0 to 15 V. For all experiments the current was set to 0.5 ± 0.05 A at a voltage of 11.2 ± 0.1 V...
RESULTS
Results for the inactivation of a selection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial samples, each with an initial population density 105 CFU/ml, are shown in Fig. ?Fig.22 and Fig. ?Fig.3,3, respectively. The control trend lines in both Fig. ?Fig.22 and Fig. ?Fig.33 are averages of the data from all the experiments and demonstrate that the unexposed populations show no significant change throughout the duration of the experiments. In the conventional manner for expression of inactivation data, log10(N/N0) is plotted as a function of exposure time, where N0 and N are the bacterial populations in CFU/ml prior to and following inactivation, respectively. When exposed to 405-nm light, the different gram-positive bacteria behaved in a similar manner, with the exception of Enterococcus faecalis. For the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium strains, the highest levels of inactivation were recorded, with an approximately 5-log10 reduction in CFU counts observed following exposure between 60 and 90 min to 405-nm light with an irradiance of 10 mW/cm2. Exposure of E. faecalis suspensions, however, to the same irradiance of 10 mW/cm2 for up to 120 min resulted in negligible inactivation. Nevertheless, as shown in Fig. ?Fig.3,3, longer exposure times did result in some inactivation of E. faecalis. Significant inactivation, compared to the nonexposed E. faecalis control sample, was demonstrated for a 240-min exposure period, and a 2.6-log10 reduction was recorded following exposure for 360 min...
Significant inactivation of the gram-negative bacteria (Fig. ?(Fig.3)3) was seen following exposure to 405-nm light with an irradiance of 10 mW/cm2. In general, for a given reduction in population, the gram-negative species required longer exposure times than the gram-positive species. For example, a 180-min exposure was required to achieve a 4.2-log10 reduction with Acinetobacter baumannii, and 300-min exposure was required to achieve a 3.1-log10 reduction with Escherichia coli.
The absolute dose in J/cm2, given by the irradiance (W/cm2) times the exposure time (in seconds), and the mean germicidal efficiency, defined as the log10 reduction of a bacterial population [log10(N/N0)] by inactivation per unit dose in J/cm2, for bacterial inactivation was calculated. Details of the inactivation parameters, including germicidal efficiencies, for all bacteria investigated following exposure to the 405-nm light are given in Table ?Table2.2. S. aureus NCTC 4135 displayed the highest level of inactivation, and the lowest germicidal efficiency was shown by E. faecalis...
DISCUSSION
This study has successfully demonstrated the bactericidal effect of visible 405-nm light on selected medically important gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Experiments were carefully conducted to ensure that the inactivation effects recorded were due only to the direct effects of 405-nm light and not to any indirect temperature effects. The results show, for the range of bacteria tested, that in general gram-positive bacteria require a much lower dose of 405-nm light for inactivation than do gram-negative bacteria. An exception is E. faecalis, which of the bacteria studied was found to be the least susceptible to inactivation by 405-nm light.
The inactivation curves shown in Fig. ?Fig.2,2, ?,3,3, and ?and44 have a shape consistent with those obtained in an earlier study (14), where S. aureus was inactivated using visible light of a wavelength greater than 400 nm. Visible-light inactivation—as established for other bacteria such as P. acnes, H. pylori, and some black-pigmented bacteria (1, 8, 22)—has been credited to the photostimulation of endogenous intracellular porphyrins by visible light in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 500 nm and, more specifically, 400 nm to 420 nm in the cases of P. acnes and H. pylori (1, 8). Stimulation of these porphyrins leads to the production of reactive species, predominantly singlet delta oxygen (1O2), which is a well-recognized trigger of cell death (11).
A study by Nitzan et al. (17), which exposed bacteria pretreated with d-aminolevulinic acid (d-ALA) to 407- to 420-nm blue light, proposed that the different photoinactivation rates for the various bacteria examined (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas) were the result of the types of porphyrins produced in the different bacterial cells. They determined the porphyrins produced in a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria upon induction with d-ALA and found that the predominant porphyrin produced in both S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was coproporphyrin, whereas there was no predominant porphyrin produced in the gram-negative E. coli, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas strains. The amount of coproporphyrin produced by the staphylococcal strains was two to three times higher than in the gram-negative strains. Nitzan et al. reported that Streptococcus faecalis, reclassified as E. faecalis (19), did not demonstrate any inactivation for a dose of 100 J/cm2. This is in agreement with the present results (Fig. ?(Fig.22 and ?and3),3), where inactivation of E. faecalis was observed only for doses above this value.
In the present study, where no photosensitizing agent was used, the high level of photoinactivation of staphylococcal strains is also likely due to the presence of high levels of coproporphyrin, photosensitized through blue-light illumination. Two other results lend support to this conclusion. One is that P. acnes, which is readily inactivated by visible light through photostimulation of endogenous porphyrins, also contains high levels of coproporphyrin (16), and the other is that S. aureus inactivation through exposure to visible light has been found to be an oxygen-dependent process (15). Some of the variation in germicidal efficiency between bacteria (Fig. ?(Fig.3)3) may follow from the use of a source of narrow spectral distribution. Because different bacteria produce different porphyrins and because the peak absorption wavelengths of these porphyrins may differ, different wavelengths may be required for their optimum photostimulation. It must also be noted that the bacteria used in the present study were produced under laboratory cultivation conditions and that the levels of cellular constituents such as porphyrins as well as the physiological status of the cells may differ considerably from bacteria that are found in the natural environment, such as those that have been shed from a mammalian host.
The general result from the present study, that visible-light inactivation of gram-negative bacteria is much less efficient than the inactivation of gram-positive bacteria, agrees with results obtained by several other workers in studies involving bacteria pretreated with d-ALA (17, 18, 25, 23). These studies with d-ALA used a range of light sources including blue light, 630-nm laser light, and white light.
The results of the present study, compared to the similar results of previous studies, add strength to the probability that the inactivation of the bacteria used in this study through exposure to 405-nm light is the result of the photostimulation of endogenous porphyrin molecules. However, a limitation of the current study is that this aspect was not specifically investigated, and further work is required to fully elucidate the exact role of porphyrins in the inactivation process resulting from exposure to 405-nm irradiation. In addition to this, we are currently developing a mathematical model for inactivation through exposure to 405-nm light, based on the inactivation kinetics of the microorganisms used in the present study.
Visible-light inactivation of bacteria is a much less efficient process than is ultraviolet light inactivation. For example, Wang et al. (27) examined the UV inactivation of E. coli as a function of wavelength and calculated a maximum germicidal efficiency of 430 log10 per J/cm2 at a wavelength of 270 nm. This compares with the highest value of germicidal efficiency found in the present work with 405-nm blue light (for a 105-CFU/ml population density of S. aureus) of 0.14 log10 per J/cm2. In spite of the three orders of magnitude difference in germicidal efficiency, visible-light inactivation has clear advantages in terms of its ease of use and substantially greater safety. In addition to safety benefits, prolonged exposure of materials to 405-nm visible light would not induce the problematic levels of photodegradation that are associated with similar periods of exposure to UV light, particularly in the UV-C region of around 254 to 260 nm typically used with germicidal UV lamps.
A method that can inactivate a wide range of medically important microorganisms, including MRSA, using exposure to visible light and no requirement for pretreatment has potential for widespread application. Further development of this 405-nm narrow-spectrum illumination method could lead to potential applications as decontamination systems for air, contact surfaces, and medical instruments within the clinical environment. Due to visible light's much greater operational safety than UV light, an attractive potential method of environmental decontamination could involve the continuous irradiation of clinical areas, in the presence of patients and staff, with light of the appropriate photodynamic wavelengths in order to contribute to the control of infections in hospitals and other clinical environments. The broad spectrum of the bactericidal effect of the 405-nm-centered wavelengths against a wide range of bacteria also suggests other possible applications such as providing additional measures for controlling food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria as well as for possible applications in water treatment and disinfection industries.
Although the present study has substantially extended the range of bacteria that have been shown to be susceptible to 405-nm visible light, much more work is required to establish if this type of light sensitivity is a widespread phenomenon among diverse types of bacteria. The sensitivity of Mycobacterium spp. would, for example, be of considerable interest due to the medical importance and environmental survival and persistence characteristics of these organisms. It would also be of interest to determine whether types of bacteria that are found in environments that are normally exposed to natural illumination also show similar levels of sensitivity to irradiation around 405 nm or if these types have developed protective features or mechanisms to counteract the inactivating effects of these visible-light wavelengths.
Footnotes
REFERENCES...
2. Bachmann, B., J. Knüver-Hopf, B. Lambrecht, and H. Mohr. 1995. Target structures for HIV-1 inactivation by methylene blue and light. J. Med. Virol. 47:172-178. [PubMed]
10. Guffey, J. S., and J. Wilborn. 2006. In vitro bactericidal effects of 405-nm and 470-nm blue light. Photomed. Laser Surg. 24:684-688. [PubMed]
11. Hamblin, M. R., and T. Hasan. 2004. Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease? Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3:436-450. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
13. Maclean, M. 2006. An investigation into the light inactivation of medically important microorganisms. Ph.D. thesis. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
An Innovation : Decontamination by Light -- HINS-Light Environmental Decontamination System
A new method for pathogen control in the clinical environment
by
Dr. Michelle Maclean, et al.
[ PDF ]
http://keelynet.wordpress.com/2010/11/20/violet-light-technology-combats-hospital-infections/
November 20, 2010
Violet Light Technology
Combats Hospital Infections
A pioneering lighting system that can kill hospital superbugs — including MRSA and C. difficile — has been developed by researchers at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The technology decontaminates the air and exposed surfaces by bathing them in a narrow spectrum of visible-light wavelengths, known as HINS-light.
Professor Anderson said: “The technology kills pathogens but is harmless to patients and staff, which means for the first time, hospitals can continuously disinfect wards and isolation rooms.
“The system works by using a narrow spectrum of visible-light wavelengths to excite molecules contained within bacteria. This in turn produces highly reactive chemical species that are lethal to bacteria such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, and Clostridium difficile, known as C.diff.”
Dr Maclean added: “The clinical trials have shown that the technology can help prevent the environmental transmission of pathogens and thereby increase patient safety.”
The technology uses HINS-light which has a violet hue, but the research team have used a combination of LED technologies to produce a warm white lighting system that can be used alongside normal hospital lighting.
Professor Scott MacGregor, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, said: “New approaches to disinfection and sterilisation are urgently needed within the clinical environment, as traditional methods have significant limitations.
“Decontamination methods involving gas sterilants or UV-light can be hazardous to staff and patients, while cleaning, disinfection and hand washing, although essential routine procedures, have limited effectiveness and problems with compliance.
(I remember an article long, long ago about the original Priore discovery that seems to not be on the net in its entirety. I’m not sure if it’s by omission or that few even know about it.
That article described the original Priore basement experiment where he was ill and in hiding. He always felt better after sleeping while bathed in a peach blossom violet color that was reflected from sunlight illuminated peaches in a basement that cured his illness and kept nearby oranges from rotting.
Seems like no one else saw this or remembers it because every article I’ve seen about Priore speaks only of the EM radiations as being key to his cures.
I suspect only years later did Priore realize this was too simple, that anyone could use a violet light and thats when the ‘revised’ history came about with the electrical equipment and the peaches and violet light part of it was removed from the story. This mutated into the godawfully complex and costly Priore tube which at its heart had…you guessed it, a powerful violet light. Think not?
“Tests made with the Prior machine on cancer tissues ALWAYS caused total remission in all tissues exposed to the peach blossom violet color which the machine emitted.”
“The second, more powerful Prioré machine produces a magnetic field of about 1,240 Gauss. According to one scientist, the machine contains a gas-filled vacuum tube which contains a plasma of mercury (blue) and neon (red) gas. A pulsed 9.4 Gigahertz electromagnetic wave is modulated onto a 17 Megahertz wave in this plasma. However, the true nature of the machine is revealed by the fact that the 9.4 Gigahertz wave is joined in the “lamp” by 17 radiations of unspecified frequency and nature.”
“The (Priore) machine was working during the visit to Floirac. One could see the exit of the tube beneath which the biological targets are placed. There was a certain amount of rumbling and crackling, and the pinkish luminescent plasma appeared to be turbulent.”
“The Master Violet Ray used different gas mixtures produce different glowing colours, usually purple, red, blue, or pink.”
“In 1892 Tesla met with Paul Oudin in Paris. They discussed ways of building therapeutic high frequency oscillators, and months later Oudin produced the first device that became known as the “violet ray.” Paul Oudin began to experiment with skin disorders. Acne, eczema and psoriasis were easily treated with the new device. After a few treatments the skin patches would begin to break up and disappear completely in 2-3 months. When the devices were used to spark warts or skin cancer, they often were removed within weeks. The violet ray often took away pain, and many times it was practically a miracle.”
“T. Henry Moray built a somewhat similar machine – though very much smaller – which provided a direct radiation from extensive “peach blossom violet” colored sparkgaps inside a quartz tube, and which greatly stimulated the health of an individual exposed to the radiation. In fact, the device would promptly cure the radiation burns Moray frequently suffered as a result of his continual experimentation with uranium compounds and other radioactive substances.”
“…red light – regardless of intensity – fails to dislodge electrons in metals, while even very low levels of violet light stimulate measurable electrical currents. Clearly the rate at which light vibrates has a power all its own.”
“The frequency of visible light is referred to as color, and ranges from 430 trillion Hz, seen as red, to 750 trillion Hz, seen as violet. Again, the full range of frequencies extends beyond the visible spectrum, from less than one billion Hz, as in radio waves, to greater than 3 billion billion Hz, as in gamma rays.”
US2008305004
WO2007012875
INACTIVATION OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
WO2007012875
INACTIVATION OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
A method for inactivating medically important Gram-positive bacteria including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium species, comprising exposure to visible light, and in particular light within the wavelength range 400-500 nm
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for inactivating medically important Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin (multi)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium species.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming an increasingly problematic micro-organism, with infection rates rising and effective methods of control becoming more and more limited. In addition to the resistance of MRSA to antibiotics, there is a significant problem due to the availability of few effective sterilisation methods for environmental decontamination; for example in air and on contact surfaces. Public and media interest in the transmission and control of MRSA is escalating and it is becoming one of the most significant problems within the healthcare industry. Hospitals and nursing homes are the worst affected areas. Furthermore, community-acquired MRSA is also now being recognised as an increasing problem, with transmission occurring in public and social areas such as public gyms and sports centres.
[0003] As well as MRSA, other Gram-positive bacteria are known to cause health problems, particularly in the hospital environment. For example, Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), can cause infection, particularly in infants and in hospitalised patients who have received prosthetic implant surgery. Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive coccus commonly associated with infections such as pharyngitis, pyoderma, scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, bacteraemia and necrotizing fasciitis, often referred to as "flesh-eating bacteria". Enterococcus faecalis (another Gram-positive coccus) is a common cause of urinary tract and wound infections, as well as other infections including bacteraemia, endocarditis and meningitis in severely ill hospitalised patients. Multi-antibiotic resistance is also becoming a well-documented problem with enterococcal infections. Clostridium species, in particular C. difficile, have been associated with high mortality in elderly patients due to diarrohea-associated dehydration, medically known as antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
[0004] Many techniques have been proposed for destroying harmful bacteria, such as MRSA. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,127 describes a photodynamic process for the inactivation of bacteria and fungal wound infections using methylene blue or toluidene blue. Light energy in combination with photosensitising agents is used to treat or detect pathologies of living tissue, including cancer and microbiological pathogens. The light used has wavelengths ranging from about 450 nm to about 850 nm. Tests demonstrate the efficacy of the light treatment in combination with the photosensitising agents for the destruction of Staphylococcus aureus in in-vivo infected wounds; and for in-vitro destruction of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus influenza and Candida albicans. In addition, wavelength spectra of activation of methylene blue and toluidene blue in the presence of various concentrations of the above bacteria and Candida have been provided.
[0005] Whilst in some environments, the methodology of U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,127 may be useful, it nevertheless suffers from the significant practical disadvantage that photosensitising agents must be applied to the bacteria that are to be inactivated. A similar problem arises with US2005/0049228, which also requires the combined use of a photosensitiser and light; in this case, in the range of 500 nm to 580 nm. The need for photosensitising agents is a significant limitation of these techniques.
[0006] An objective of the present invention is to provide a simple and effective technique for inactivating selected bacteria, in particular MRSA, and more generally the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium species.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] A method for inactivating one or more pathogenic gram-positive bacterial comprising exposure of the bacteria to visible light without using a photosensitiser.
[0008] Preferably said bacteria are selected from Staphylococcus, in particular MRSA, CONS, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium species...
[0011] Exposing these bacteria to blue light, or white light containing blue light, has been found to stimulate an inactivation process. An advantage of using light in the visible-wavelength region is that there is no detrimental effect on human or animal health. Consequently, the method can be used for an extensive range of applications, such as air disinfection, contact-surface and materials disinfection and, most noteworthy, wound protection and tissue disinfection.
WAVELENGTH DOSE J/cm<2> /log
ORGANISM RANGE (J/cm<2> ) reduction
S. aureus 4135 >400 nm (100% intensity) 630 126
S. aureus 4135 >400 nm (75% intensity) 729 145.8
S. aureus 4135 >400 nm (50% intensity) 648 144
S. aureus 4135 <500 nm 189.6 37.92
S. aureus 4135 400-500 nm 290.8 58.2
MRSA 15975 >400 nm 1260 252
MRSA 16a >400 nm 945 189
S. epidermidis >400 nm 840 168
NCTC 7944
Strep. pyogenes >400 nm 1440 288
NCTC 8198
E. faecalis >400 nm 2880 1440
[0043] The use of 400-500 nm, in particular 400-450 nm, wavelengths of visible light (blue light) has proved to be an effective means of inactivation of Staphylococcus strains, including MRSA, as well as CONS, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium, with increased inhibition rates in the 400-420 nm range and in particular, around 405 nm. This demonstrates that a light source (continuous source, flashlamp, laser etc.) with output at wavelengths in these regions could potentially be used in clinical environments for the reduction in levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and other medically important Gram-positive species, present in the air and on contact surfaces and materials, and most importantly, could be used for wound protection and tissue treatment. The exact parameters required would depend on the bacterial strain, the wavelength of the light being used and the light intensity. These can be readily determined experimentally.
BERNAYS, Edward : Propaganda
Edward BERNAYS
Propaganda
( 1928 )
[ PDF ]
Propaganda
( 1928 )
[ PDF ]
Organizing Chaos... The new Propaganda ... The
new Propagandists ... The Psychology of Public Relations ...
Business and the Public ... Propaganda and Political
leadership ... Women's Activities and Propaganda ...
Propaganda for Education ... Propaganda in Social Service ...
Art and Science ... The Mechanics of Propaganda...
DMSO / Vitamin C vs Cancer
wakingtimes.comAugust 22, 2013
The Magic Duo for Cancer Treatment
That Frightens The FDA and Conventional Medicine
by
Dave Mihalovic
by
Dave Mihalovic
Use of DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) in medicine dates back decades. It was predominantly used as a topical anagesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Today, we know that DMSO can treat a variety of disorders including arthritis, mental illness, emphysema, and even cancer. While this is now considered a superb cancer treatment, orthodox medicine is not interested in discussing its benefits. If DMSO were to be implemented and used in cancer treatment, the “true cure rate” for orthodox medicine would rise from 3% to above 90%! Here’s why.
Supporters of DMSO have long supported the claim that it can cause cancerous cells to become noncancerous, or benign, and can slow or stop the progress of cancer in the bladder, colon, ovary, breast, and skin. Some evidence even suggest it is useful in treating leukemia, and it has also been used as a part of some metabolic cancer therapies.
DMSO was first discovered in the mid- to late nineteenth century. In the 1950s, it was discovered that DMSO could protect cells from the damage of freezing. In the 1960s, Dr. Stanley Jacob, one of the main proponents of DMSO, began to study other medicinal properties of the substance. In the 1970s, DMSO was approved for use as an anti-inflammatory treatment in dogs and horses and as a prescription drug for a type of bladder inflammation in humans.
If orthodox medicine were truly interested in curing cancer, don’t you think they would look for a way to target cancer cells with the intent of killing them while sparing normal cells?
Chemotherapy does not target cancer cells, and because of this, chemotherapy:
1) Kills far more normal cells than cancer cells, and
2) Damages and toxifies many of the normal cells that do survive.
If a “magic bullet” were used FIRST by orthodox medicine, meaning thecut/burn/slash/poison treatments were avoided, a 90% true cure rate would be easy to achieve. But the fact of the matter is that the leaders in the medical community have absolutely no interest in finding a “magic bullet.” A “magic bullet” would cost the drug companies hundreds of billions of dollars, patients would have less hospitalization, less doctor visits, etc. The fact is, no one wants a “magic bullet” to be found. The evidence that this is true is that two “magic bullets” are already known to exist, but no one is using them except for a handful of doctors.
What Causes Cancer?
Most people believe that it is DNA damage that causes cancer. While in rare situations, DNA can have a negative affect on a person’s immune system, DNA normally has absolutely nothing to do with the development of cancer.
The fact is that cancer is caused by a special type of microbe which gets inside of normal cells and turns the cells cancerous.
Cancer is an invading disease that attacks the body’s immune system. Once detected, cancer has already had enough time to establish its web network. Treating the tumor is not good enough–it is only the start.
Actually, everyone has cancer cells forming in their body at all times. The immune system generally safely kills them. However, this means that a weakened immune system, and many other things, can allow cancer cells to overcome the immune system. But the actual formation of cancer cells is exclusively caused by microbes which get inside of normal cells.
Dr. Royal Rife did an enormous amount of research into the relationship between microbes and cancer in the 1930s. He would inject mice with a virus and in 100% of the cases the mice would get cancer.
Dr. Rife proposed a cure for cancer which did nothing but kill the viruses/microbes which were inside of the cancer cells. His cure was 100% successful. However, note that his cure had no intention of killing cancer cells or fixing DNA (which had not been discovered in the 1930s); its only goal was to kill microbes which were both inside and outside of the cancer cells. Once the microbes were dead the cancer cells were able to revert back into normal, differentiated cells.
Dr. Rife was well aware that the critial microbes which needed to be killed were inside the cancer cells. The electromedicine device he used killed microbes inside and outside of cancer cells.
But almost all natural substances do not normally get inside of cells, thus it is almost impossible for natural substances to kill the microbes inside the cancer cells. Natural substances can kill cancer cells and build the immune system, but they generally cannot kill microbes inside the cancer cells.
There is no single cure for treating cancer; cancer must be approached and treated holistically. The cellular process in developing cancer takes many years–with the exception of high radiation or other toxic exposure, a compromised immunity and cell damage does not happen overnight. Treatment must be approached defensively and directly; focus on the cause and do not treat cancer in reverse. Target your treatment mentally and physically from the very origin.
DMSO
You might ask your oncologist why your chances of survival are only 3% (ignoring all of their statistical gibberish such as “5-year survival rates” and deceptive terms like “remission” and “response”), when your chance of survival would be over 90% if they used DMSO.
It would be better for medical doctors to treat cancer patients with the right treatment than to have patients treat themselves at home. Medical doctors can diagnose better, treat better, watch for developing problems better, etc. Unfortunately, doctors are using treatments that have been chosen solely on the basis of their profitability rather than their effectiveness.
DMSO is a highly non-toxic, 100% natural product that comes from the wood industry. But of course, like so many other potential cancer cures, the discovery was buried. DMSO, being a natural product, cannot be patented and cannot be made profitable because it is produced by the tonin the wood industry. The only side-effect of using DMSO in humans is body odor (which varies from patient to patient).
The FDA took note of the effectiveness of DMSO at treating pain and made it illegal for medical uses in order to protect the profits of the aspirin companies (in those days aspirin was used to treat arthritis). Thus, it must be sold today as a “solvent.” Few people can grasp the concept that government agencies are organized for the sole purpose of being the “police force” of large, corrupt corporations.
While it is generally believed that orthodox medicine and modern corrupt politicians persecute alternative medicine, this is not technically correct. What they do is persecute ANY cure for cancer, it doesn’t matter whether it is orthodox or alternative. The proof of this is DMSO. It appears that orthodox medicine persecutes alternative medicine only because there are far more alternative cancer treatments that can cure cancer than orthodox treatments.
Another substance that targets cancer cells is being researched at Purdue University and other places: folic acid. This too will be buried unless it can lead to more profitable cancer treatments.
But alternative medicine is rightfully not interested in combining DMSO with chemotherapy. DMSO will combine with many substances, grab them, and drag them into cancer cells. It will also blast through the blood-brain barrier like it wasn’t even there.
DMSO has been combined successfully with hydrogen peroxide (e.g. see Donsbach), cesium chloride, MSM (though it may not bind to MSM), and other products.
DMSO – Vitamin C Treatment
Vitamin C is so simlar to glucose, that cells, and especially cancer cells, consume vitamin C the same way they would consume glucose.
Cancer cells are anaerobic obligates, which means they depend upon glucose as their primary source of metabolic fuel. Cancer cells employ transport mechanisms called glucose transporters to actively pull in glucose.
In the vast majority of animals, vitamin C is synthesized from glucose in only four metabolic steps. Hence, the molecular shape of vitamin C is remarkably similar to glucose. Cancer cells will actively transport vitamin C into themselves, possibly because they mistake it for glucose. Another plausible explanation is that they are using the vitamin C as an antioxidant. Regardless, the vitamin C accumulates in cancer cells.
If large amounts of vitamin C are presented to cancer cells, large amounts will be absorbed. In these unusually large concentrations, the antioxidant vitamin C will start behaving as a pro-oxidant as it interacts with intracellular copper and iron. This chemical interaction produces small amounts of hydrogen peroxide.
Because cancer cells are relatively low in an intracellular anti-oxidant enzyme called catalase, the high dose vitamin C induction of peroxide will continue to build up until it eventually lyses the cancer cell from the inside out! This effectively makes high dose IVC a non-toxic chemotherapeutic agent that can be given in conjunction with conventional cancer treatments. Based on the work of several vitamin C pioneers before him, Dr. Riordan was able to prove that vitamin C was selectively toxic to cancer cells if given intravenously. This research was recently reproduced and published by Dr. Mark Levine at the National Institutes of Health.
As feared by many oncologists, small doses may actually help the cancer cells because small amounts of vitamin C may help the cancer cells arm themselves against the free-radical induced damage caused by chemotherapy and radiation. Only markedly higher doses of vitamin C willselectively build up as peroxide in the cancer cells to the point of acting in a manner similar to chemotherapy. These tumor-toxic dosages can only be obtained by intravenous administration.
Over a span of 15 years of vitamin C research, Dr. Riordan’s RECNAC (cancer spelled backwards) research team generated 20 published papers on vitamin C and cancer. RECNAC even inspired its second cancer research institute, known as RECNAC II, at the University of Puerto Rico. This group recently published an excellent paper in Integrative Cancer Therapies, titled “Orthomolecular Oncology Review: Ascorbic Acid and Cancer 25 Years Later.” RECNAC data has shown that vitamin C is toxic to tumor cells without sacrificing the performance of chemotherapy.
Intravenous vitamin C also does more than just kill cancer cells. It boosts immunity. It can stimulate collagen formation to help the body wall off the tumor. It inhibits hyaluronidase, an enzyme that tumors use to metastasize and invade other organs throughout the body. It induces apoptosis to help program cancer cells into dying early. It corrects the almost universal scurvy in cancer patients. Cancer patients are tired, listless, bruise easily, and have a poor appetite. They don’t sleep well and have a low threshold for pain. This adds up to a very classic picture of scurvy that generally goes unrecognized by their conventional physicians.
Because cancer cells consume 15 times more glucose than normal cells, under the right conditions, cancer cells should consume 15 times more vitamin C than a normal cell. While normal cells benefit from vitamin C, the microbes inside of the cancer cells may be killed by vitamin C. It is microbes which are inside of the cancer cells which cause cancer and which force a cancer cell to remain cancerous.
It should be mentioned that two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling, and an associate, Dr. Ewan Cameron, M.D., were able to extend the lives of cancer patients more than 10-fold using only 10 grams of vitamin C a day by I.V.
This protocol will modify the Pauling/Cameron protocol four different ways:
1) It will include DMSO in the evening dose to help Vitamin C target cancer cells and get inside of cancer cells,
2) It includes a very, very low glucose diet so that the cancer cells will feast on Vitamin C instead of glucose,
3) It includes 15% or less potassium ascorbate, which has a special affinity for cancer cells,
4) It will include as little sodium ascorbate (or other sodium forms of Vitamin C) as possible because these types of Vitamin C do not get inside of cancer cells very well.
Regarding the use of potassium ascorbate, a foundation in Italy has proven that potassium ascorbate can be used to cure cancer (WARNING:no more than 15% of the Vitmain C you take should be a potassium version!!). See: Pantellini Foundation (Italy)
WARNING: Do NOT use potassium ascorbate or any other form of potassium as your primary source of Vitamin C!!! If you use potassium ascorbate work with the vendor of this product to insure you are taking safe doses relative to non-potassium forms of Vitamin C!!! If your vendor does not make a recommendation, then use 15% as the maximum portion of Vitamin C that is a potassium form!!
The second thing this treatment uses is DMSO. DMSO is used to “open” the ports on the cancer cells to assist getting vitamin C inside the cancer cells. DMSO is very well known to target cancer cells and open their ports. To better understand this concept see this article.
In summary, there are three things that help get the vitamin C inside the cancer cells:
1) Cancer cells consume 15 times more glucose than normal cells and cancer cells cannot tell the difference between glucose and vitamin C.
2) The use of potassium ascorbate as a part of the Vitamin C protocol.
3) The use of DMSO.
A fourth unique thing about this protocol is the “cancer diet.” The cancer diet for this treatment focuses on a LOW GLUCOSE cancer diet. In this way, the cancer cells have less glucose to interfere with their consumption of vitamin C!
Possible Swelling and Inflammation
There are two possible results when large amounts of vitamin C get inside of a cancer cell. First, the vitamin C can kill the microbe(s) inside the cancer cell and the cell will safely revert into a normal cell; or second, the vitamin C can kill the cancer cell itself.
While the first of these two options will not cause any swelling or inflammation, the second option may cause swelling and inflammation.
For this reason, anyone on this protocol who would be put at risk by swelling and/or inflammation (e.g. in a tumor), should carefully and slowly build-up to the theraputic dose of vitamin C, watching carefully for any potential swelling or inflammation.
Details of the Treatment
Many people have difficulties working with DMSO. In some cases, when taken transdermally (through the skin) there is a skin rash which is simply too severe to continue the treatment. When you get your bottle of DMSO put one drop on your skin, spread it around a little bit and see if you have an allergic reaction (i.e. severe rash). If not, an hour later put 10 drops on your skin and spread it thin.
If you do have a reaction, you may still be able to take the DMSO orally (added to 4 ounces of water). But if you cannot take the DMSO orally, and you have a skin reaction to the DMSO, you will have to abandon this treatment.
If you want to know more about DMSO, see this website:
http://www.dmso.org/articles/information/muir.htm
The Importance of the DMSO
This treatment uses DMSO (in the evening) and vitamin C (twice a day). The theory of this treatment is that the DMSO will be used first (in the evening dose), either taken orally (with water) or transdermally (through the skin). In about 10 minutes the DMSO will have targeted the cancer cells and will start “opening up” their ports.
In the evening dose, about ten minutes after taking the DMSO, the vitamin C will be taken with water. When the vitamin C gets to the cancer cells the cells natural affinity for consuming vitamin C (because the cancer cells “think” the vitamin C is glucose) should be enhanced by the fact that the cancer cells have been “opened up” by DMSO.
The theory is that the DMSO will allow a larger concentration of vitamin C to get inside the cancer cells than would normally occur.
As already mentioned, once vitamin C can get inside of a cancer cell the cell may revert into a normal cell or it may be killed. If enough cancer cells are killed, some swelling may occur.
The Vitamin C To Be Used **VERY Important**
There are several different types of vitamin C. The most common type of vitmain C is ascorbic acid, which is not bound to a mineral. This type of vitamin C is largely useless until it has bound to minerals already in the body.
The ideal vitamin C product will have both ascorbic acid, no more than 15% potassium ascorbate or potassium carbonate and other forms of mineral ascorbates or carbonates or other forms of Vitamin C.
Since sodium is generally found outside of cells and potassium is generally found inside of cells, to get vitamin C inside of cells it is best to use a potassium ascorbate. However, for safety reasons, most of the Vitamin C cannot be a potassium version of Vitamin C (talk to your vendor). If you can avoid sodium ascorbate and use some other non-potassium form of Vitamin C (e.g. ascorbic acid) use it.
Some buffered vitamin C products have ascorbic acid and several different kinds of mineral ascorbates or carbonates (e.g. zinc carbonate). This is good, but it may be necessary to add some potassium ascorbate to get the percentage of potassium up to 15% (or whatever maximum your potassium vendor tells you). Include as little sodium ascorbate as possible.
The DMSO and Vitamin C Protocol
This treatment will be taken twice a day.
The morning dose will only include Vitamin C. Remember to take VERY LITTLE glucose during this treatment!!
The evening treatment will include two phases.
In the evening, Phase One will be 1 TEAspoon of DMSO, taken orally or transdermally or some combination thereof.
Phase Two of the evening dose should follow Phase One by 10 minutes and will consist of 5 grams of vitamin C taken orally in water.
The Morning Dose – Vitamin C Only
The morning dose, which should be taken about twelve hours before the evening dose, should contain 5 grams of vitamin C. Fifteen percent or less (or whatever your potassium vendor tells you) should be a form of potassium carbonate (or some other potassium version of Vitamin C). The other eighty-five percent should contain zero potassium Vitamin C and as little sodium Vitamin C as possible.
The Evening Dose (DMSO and Vitamin C): Phase One: Taking the DMSO
The DMSO used in this protocol should be at least 99% pure DMSO mixed with 30% water. In other words, you should buy “70/30? DMSO, which means 70% pure DMSO and 30% water. Some DMSO vendors sellDMSO Gel or DMSO Liquid.
The amount of DMSO taken during this treatment is so low that normally it can be taken orally if it is mixed with 4 ounces of water. However, if for any reason the DMSO cannot be taken orally it can be spread over the skin (such as the arms, legs or stomach) and taken transdermally (through the skin).
The DMSO should be put in a glass of water before taking it orally. The glass of water should have at least 4 ounces of water in it!
The Evening Dose:
1a DMSO Orally) If you are taking the DMSO orally, put 4 ounces of a quality bottled water in a glass. Then put ONE TEAspoon of DMSO in the water. Drink the water (and thus the DMSO).
Because the DMSO may cause stomach irritation, you may want to build up to the theraputic dose of DMSO. For example, you might use the following build-up:
Day 1 – Evening) Use 1/4 TEAspoon of DMSO in 4 ounces of water,
Day 2 – Evening) Use 1/2 TEAspoon of DMSO in 4 ounces of water,
Day 3 – Evening) Use 3/4 TEAspoon of DMSO in 4 ounces of water,
Day 4 – Evening) Use 1 TEAspoon of DMSO in 4 ounces of water,
Day 5 – Evening) Continue using the 1 TEAspoon of DMSO in 4 ounces of water.
1b – DMSO Transdermally) If you are taking the DMSO transdermally (through the skin), put ONE TEAspoon of DMSO on your arms, legs or stomach (as close to the cancer as possible). Spread the DMSO very thin (i.e. over a wide area of skin). Ten minutes after spreading the DMSO on the skin, and AFTER the DMSO has penetrated the skin (and the skin is dry), you can put a skin cream on where you rubbed the DMSO to prevent a rash.
The Evening Dose: Phase Two: Taking the Vitamin C
The evening dose, which should be taken about ten minutes after taking the DMSO, should contain 5 grams of vitamin C. Fifteen percent or less (or whatever your potassium vendor tells you) should be a form of potassium carbonate (or some other potassium version of Vitamin C). The other eighty-five percent should contain no potassium Vitamin C and as little sodium Vitamin C as possible. (Of course, the vitamin C may be pre-mixed).
Here is one highly recommended potassium vitamin C vendor (Fifteen percent or LESS of the Vitamin C should be a potassium version unless your vendor of potassium ascorbate tells you differently):
Excellent Buffered Vitamin C Product
One rounded teaspoon contains 4 grams of absorbic acid and 700 mg of potassium ascorbate. It also has zero mg of sodium (which is ideal). The ideal product will have potassium ascorbate without sodium ascorbate, but with other forms of Vitamin C.
As with all vitamin C products, keep this product out of the reach of children! It can be very dangerous if very high doses are taken.
If you have a type of cancer which could lead to a dangerous situation if swelling and inflammation resulted from this treatment, SLOWLY build up the dose of Vitamin C.
For example, you might use the following build-up (for both morning and evening):
Day 1) Use 1/4 TEAspoon of vitamin C, in 6 ounces of water
Day 2) Use 1/2 TEAspoon of vitamin C, in 6 ounces of water
Day 3) Use 3/4 TEAspoon of vitamin C, in 6 ounces of water
Day 4) Use 1 level TEAspoon of vitamin C, in 6 ounces of water
Day 5) Start the full treatment at full doses
If you experience any potentially dangerous swelling or inflammation during any of the days, DISCONTINUE THIS TREATMENT.
The Cancer Diet
Any time you use a protocol which is designed to kill microbes it is very, very critical to avoid eating foods and drinks which feed or excite the microbes. This includes cancer because cancer is a microbial disease.
An acidic diet of foods and drinks will make this protocol less effective because microbes will breed much faster and be more aggressive in the presence of an acidic diet. In other words, the microbes will breed faster than you can kill them!! This includes the microbes which are inside the cancer cells.
What this means is that without a solid “cancer diet” there is no way this cancer protocol, or any other cancer protocol, is going to be effective!! The “cancer diet” is also the number one way to stop the spreading of cancer!!
An alkaline diet includes, among other things:
1) ZERO sugar,
2) ZERO white flour,
3) ZERO soda pops (even diet soda pops are forbidden),
4) ZERO meat,
5) ZERO dairy products (except cottage cheese during the Budwig Diet)
After eliminating all the foods that feed or excite microbes, what is left over is basically whole foods, non-sugar fruit and vegetable drinks and other healthy foods and drinks.
Also, for this protocol, pay extra attention to avoiding anything with sugar, glucose, etc. in it (you do not have to worry about whole foods).
Remember this is not only an alkaline diet but also a low-glucose diet.
See this article (you may need to modify this diet to avoid glucose not in whole foods): Cancer Diet article
Other Comments About the Protocol
Starting 45 minutes before taking either the morning or evening treatment, until 45 minutes after taking the vitamin C, you should not eat any foods or take any other supplements. The reason is that the DMSO will open-up the cancer cells and the vitamin C should have as little competition as possible to get inside the cancer cells.
In taking the evening treatment the DMSO is taken first, and the vitamin C is taken 10 minutes AFTER the DMSO is taken.
Thus, the MORNING schedule may look like this:
0800 – 5 grams of vitamin C mixed in 6 ounces of water (with 15% or less a potassium Vitamin C)
2000 (8 PM) – 1 TEAspoon of DMSO, mixed in 4 ounces of water
2010 (8:10 PM) – 5 grams of vitamin C in 6 or more ounces of water
NOTICE: The evening dose, because of the DMSO, will likely create severe body odor. One hour after taking the DMSO the person should take a shower and change clothes and underware. In the morning they should take another shower and change their underware again. For some people even these precautions will not be enough. Have trusted people (WHO HAVE NOT TAKEN DMSO) be the judge of how bad you smell after the two showers and two changes of clothes and underware.
How Long Should the Treatment Be Taken?
This treatment should be taken indefinitely. Every six weeks the patient should take the Navarro Urine testIf the Navarro Urine test number does not increase each time it is taken, continue with this treatment.
If the Navarro Urine test number increases, discontinue this treatment and use a more proven alternative cancer treatment, such as the Cellect-Budwig protocol or the Life One protocol of Dr. Howenstine.
Then, 6 or 8 weeks AFTER the treatment is finished, please take another Navarro urine test. Because the Navarro urine test measures the amount of HCG molecules in your body, even if the cancer is cured, and the cancer cells are removed, the score many not drop as much as it should because it can take several months for the body to flush HCG molecules out of the body, even after the cancer is cured.
What this means is that it is difficult, even using the Navarro, to measure the success of this treatment because there is no way to actually measure how many cancer cells there are in a patient’s body without using a PET scan or CT scan.
Ohoo Algae Gel
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2590695/The-end-water-bottle-Edible-algae-balloon-cut-plastic-waste.html
27 March 2014
End of the water bottle? Edible algae
'balloon' could cut plastic waste
by
Victoria Woollaston
Victoria Woollaston
To solve the rising number of plastic bottles filling up landfills around the world, a trio of designers has created an alternative - a container made from an edible algae balloon.
Called Ooho, the spheres can be produced in different sizes, hygienically protect the liquid inside, and cost just 2 cents (less than a penny) each.
The design was recently crowned one of 12 winners of the second annual Lexus Design Award and is due to go on sale in Boston later this year.
HOW IS THE OOHO MADE?
The Ooho sphere has a double gelatinous membrane.
It is made using a mixture of sodium alginate, taken from brown algae, and calcium chloride.
The spheres are created using gelification - a technique used in cooking to turn liquids into gel by adding an edible gelling agent.
The inventors experimented with various spherification techniques, using different ingredients and proportions, before settling on the Ooho final ‘recipe’.
Packaging labels can be added to the Ooho, between the two layers, without adhesive, and are edible too, if they’re made from rice paper, for example.
'Liquid forms drops because the liquid exhibits surface tension,’ said Ooho's creators Rodrigo Garcia Gonzalez, Pierre Paslier and Guillaume Couche, ‘Bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces.
‘Ooho replicates this behaviour, encircling the water in an edible membrane of algae.
‘It is a new way of packaging that proposes an alternative to the plastic bottle.’
The Ooho sphere has a double gelatinous membrane made up of sodium alginate, taken from brown algae, and calcium chloride.
The spheres are created using gelification - a technique used in cooking to turn liquids into gel by adding an edible gelling agent.
Gonzalez said the final package is ‘simple, resistant, hygienic, biodegradable and even edible.’
The double membrane hygienically protects the liquid inside and can be expanded for different sized Oohos, pictured. The inventors experimented with various spherification techniques, using different ingredients and proportions, before settling on the Ooho final 'recipe'
Around 50 billion water bottles are produced each year, and many end up in landfills, stock image pictured. The Ooho was designed as an alternative to these bottles in a bid to reduce waste and the impact plastic production has on the environment
The inventors experimented with various spherification techniques, using different ingredients and proportions, before settling on the Ooho final ‘recipe’.
This double membrane, continued the designers, hygienically protects the liquid inside and can be expanded for different sized Oohos.
Packaging labels can be added between the two layers without adhesive, and are edible too if they’re made from rice paper, for example.
‘Nowadays only big companies have the infrastructure to manufacture packaging,’ continued Gonzalez.
‘The main idea of Ooho is that everyone could make them at their kitchen, modifying and innovating the recipe. From DIY to CIY (Cook It Yourself).’
Fullerene Manufacture Patents
FULLERENE-LIKE NANOSTRUCTURES, THEIR USE AND PROCESS FOR THEIR
PRODUCTIONUS8518364
CN101888974
MANUFACTURING METHOD OF FULLERENE MANIFOLD
KR101022555
KR100875510
METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF FULLERENE-CONTAINING EMULSION
RU2284293
FULLERENE SOLUTION PREPARATION METHOD
RU2283273
PROCESS FOR PREPARING FULLERENE-CONTAINING MATERIALS
RU2279402
FULLEREN PREPARATION METHOD
RU2240978
METHOD OF PREPARING FULLERENES
RU2178766
FULLERENE MANIFOLD AND MANUFACTURING METHOD
KR100825443
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ATOM- OR MOLECULE-INCLUDING FULLERENE
JP2005289755
C60-C70 MIXED THIN WIRE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
JP3752549
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FULLERENE
JP2003176114
CARBON THIN LINE AND MANUFACTURE METHOD THEREOF
JP3785454
MANUFACTURING APPARATUS FOR FULLERENE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
JP2003192318
ULTRAFINE STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
JP4729760
DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING FULLERENES
JP3073986
Process useful for preparing fullerene solutions
FR2892112
STUDT, Felix et al. : Catalyst for
Methanol Production
http://phys.org/news/2014-03-newly-catalyst-low-cost-production-methanol.html#inlRlv
Mar 02, 2014
Newly discovered catalyst could lead
to the low-cost production of clean methanol
An international research team has discovered a potentially clean, low-cost way to convert carbon dioxide into methanol, a key ingredient in the production of plastics, adhesives and solvents, and a promising fuel for transportation.
Scientists from Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Technical University of Denmark combined theory and experimentation to identify a new nickel-gallium catalyst that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methanol with fewer side-products than the conventional catalyst. The results are published in the March 2 online edition of the journal Nature Chemistry.
"Methanol is processed in huge factories at very high pressures using hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide from natural gas," said study lead author Felix Studt, a staff scientist at SLAC. "We are looking for materials than can make methanol from clean sources under low-pressure conditions, while generating low amounts of carbon monoxide."
The ultimate goal is to develop a large-scale manufacturing process that is nonpolluting and carbon neutral using clean hydrogen, the authors said.
"Imagine if you could synthesize methanol using hydrogen from renewable sources, such as water split by sunlight, and carbon dioxide captured from power plants and other industrial smokestacks," said co-author Jens Nørskov, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford. "Eventually we would also like to make higher alcohols, such as ethanol and propanol, which, unlike methanol, can be directly added to gasoline today."
Industrial methanol
Worldwide, about 65 million metric tons of methanol are produced each year for use in the manufacture of paints, polymers, glues and other products. In a typical methanol plant, natural gas and water are converted to synthesis gas ("syngas"), which consists of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The syngas is then converted into methanol in a high-pressure process using a catalyst made of copper, zinc and aluminum.
"We spent a lot of time studying methanol synthesis and the industrial process," Studt said. "It took us about three years to figure out how the process works and to identify the active sites on the copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst that synthesize methanol."
Once he and his colleagues understood methanol synthesis at the molecular level, they began the hunt for a new catalyst capable of synthesizing methanol at low pressures using only hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Instead of testing a variety of compounds in the lab, Studt searched for promising catalysts in a massive computerized database that he and co-author Frank Abild-Pedersen developed at SLAC.
"The technique is known as computational materials design," explained Nørskov, the director of the SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis at Stanford and SLAC. "You get ideas for new functional materials based entirely on computer calculations. There is no trial-and-error in the lab first. You use your insight and enormous computer power to identify new and interesting materials, which can then be tested experimentally."
Studt compared the copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst with thousands of other materials in the database. The most promising candidate turned out to be a little-known compound called nickel-gallium.
"Once we got the name of the compound out of the computer, someone still had to test it," Nørskov said. "We don't do lab experiments here, so we have to have a good experimental partner."
Nørskov turned to a research group at the Technical University of Denmark led by co-author Ib Chorkendorff. First, the Danish team carried out the task of synthesizing nickel and gallium into a solid catalyst. Then the scientists conducted a series of experiments to see if the new catalyst could actually produce methanol at ordinary room pressure.
The lab tests confirmed that the computer had made the right choice. At high temperatures, nickel-gallium produced more methanol than the conventional copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst, and considerably less of the carbon monoxide byproduct.
"You want to make methanol, not carbon monoxide," Chorkendorff said. "You also want a catalyst that's stable and doesn't decompose. The lab tests showed that nickel-gallium is, in fact, a very stable solid."
While these results show promise, a great deal of work lies ahead. "We'd like to make the catalyst a little more clean," Chorkendorff added. "If it contains just a few nanoparticles of pure nickel, the output drops quite a bit, because pure nickel is lousy at synthesizing methanol. In fact, it makes all sorts of chemical byproducts that you don't want."
Nickel is relatively abundant, and gallium, although more expensive, is widely used in the electronics industry. This suggests that the new catalyst could eventually be scaled up for industrial use, according to the authors. But to make methanol synthesis a truly carbon-neutral process will require overcoming many additional hurdles, they noted.
http://www.nature.com/nchem/journal/v6/n4/full/nchem.1873.html
Nature Chemistry 6, 320–324 (2014)
doi:10.1038/nchem.1873
2 March 2014
Discovery of a Ni-Ga catalyst for carbon
dioxide reduction to methanol
Felix Studt, et al.
Felix Studt, et al.
The use of methanol as a fuel and chemical feedstock could become very important in the development of a more sustainable society if methanol could be efficiently obtained from the direct reduction of CO2 using solar-generated hydrogen. If hydrogen production is to be decentralized, small-scale CO2 reduction devices are required that operate at low pressures. Here, we report the discovery of a Ni-Ga catalyst that reduces CO2 to methanol at ambient pressure. The catalyst was identified through a descriptor-based analysis of the process and the use of computational methods to identify Ni-Ga intermetallic compounds as stable candidates with good activity. We synthesized and tested a series of catalysts and found that Ni5Ga3 is particularly active and selective. Comparison with conventional Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts revealed the same or better methanol synthesis activity, as well as considerably lower production of CO. We suggest that this is a first step towards the development of small-scale low-pressure devices for CO2 reduction to methanol.
US2012225956
Catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol
Catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol
Inventor(s): STUDT FELIX; ABILD-PEDERSEN FRANK; NORSKOV JENS; DAHL SOREN; SHARAFUTDINOV IREK; ELKJAER CHRISTIAN +
A catalytic composition is provided for methanol production. The composition includes an alloy of at least two different metals M and M', where M is selected from Ni, Pd, Ir, and Ru, and M' is selected from Ga, Zn, and Al. A molar ratio of M to M' is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1, and the alloy is configured to catalyze a reduction of CO2 to methanol.
JI, David, et al. : Cellulose
Supercapacitor
http://phys.org/news/2014-04-trees-high-tech-cellulose-energy-storage.html#jCp
Apr 07, 2014
Trees go high-tech: Process turns
cellulose into energy storage devices
Based on a fundamental chemical discovery by scientists at Oregon State University, it appears that trees may soon play a major role in making high-tech energy storage devices.
OSU chemists have found that cellulose – the most abundant organic polymer on Earth and a key component of trees – can be heated in a furnace in the presence of ammonia, and turned into the building blocks for supercapacitors.
These supercapacitors are extraordinary, high-power energy devices with a wide range of industrial applications, in everything from electronics to automobiles and aviation. But widespread use of them has been held back primarily by cost and the difficulty of producing high-quality carbon electrodes.
The new approach just discovered at Oregon State can produce nitrogen-doped, nanoporous carbon membranes – the electrodes of a supercapacitor – at low cost, quickly, in an environmentally benign process. The only byproduct is methane, which could be used immediately as a fuel or for other purposes.
"The ease, speed and potential of this process is really exciting," said Xiulei (David) Ji, an assistant professor of chemistry in the OSU College of Science, and lead author on a study announcing the discovery in Nano Letters, a journal of the American Chemical Society. The research was funded by OSU.
"For the first time we've proven that you can react cellulose with ammonia and create these N-doped nanoporous carbon membranes," Ji said. "It's surprising that such a basic reaction was not reported before. Not only are there industrial applications, but this opens a whole new scientific area, studying reducing gas agents for carbon activation.
"We're going to take cheap wood and turn it into a valuable high-tech product," he said.
These carbon membranes at the nano-scale are extraordinarily thin – a single gram of them can have a surface area of nearly 2,000 square meters. That's part of what makes them useful in supercapacitors. And the new process used to do this is a single-step reaction that's fast and inexpensive. It starts with something about as simple as a cellulose filter paper – conceptually similar to the disposable paper filter in a coffee maker.
The exposure to high heat and ammonia converts the cellulose to a nanoporous carbon material needed for supercapacitors, and should enable them to be produced, in mass, more cheaply than before.
A supercapacitor is a type of energy storage device, but it can be recharged much faster than a battery and has a great deal more power. They are mostly used in any type of device where rapid power storage and short, but powerful energy release is needed.
Supercapacitors can be used in computers and consumer electronics, such as the flash in a digital camera. They have applications in heavy industry, and are able to power anything from a crane to a forklift. A supercapacitor can capture energy that might otherwise be wasted, such as in braking operations. And their energy storage abilities may help "smooth out" the power flow from alternative energy systems, such as wind energy.
They can power a defibrillator, open the emergency slides on an aircraft and greatly improve the efficiency of hybrid electric automobiles.
Besides supercapacitors, nanoporous carbon materials also have applications in adsorbing gas pollutants, environmental filters, water treatment and other uses.
"There are many applications of supercapacitors around the world, but right now the field is constrained by cost," Ji said. "If we use this very fast, simple process to make these devices much less expensive, there could be huge benefits."
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl500859p
Pyrolysis of Cellulose under Ammonia Leads
to Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon Generated through Methane
Formation,
Wei Luo, Bao Wang, Christopher G. Heron, Marshall J. Allen, Jeff Morre, Claudia S. Maier, William F. Stickle, and Xiulei Ji
Wei Luo, Bao Wang, Christopher G. Heron, Marshall J. Allen, Jeff Morre, Claudia S. Maier, William F. Stickle, and Xiulei Ji
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
Hewlett-Packard Co., 1000 NE Circle Blvd., Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (4), pp 2225–2229
DOI: 10.1021/nl500859p
March 28, 2014
*E-mail: David.Ji@oregonstate.edu.
Abstract
Here, we present a simple one-step fabrication methodology for nitrogen-doped (N-doped) nanoporous carbon membranes via annealing cellulose filter paper under NH3. We found that nitrogen doping (up to 10.3 at %) occurs during cellulose pyrolysis under NH3 at as low as 550 °C. At 700 °C or above, N-doped carbon further reacts with NH3, resulting in a large surface area (up to 1973.3 m2/g). We discovered that the doped nitrogen, in fact, plays an important role in the reaction, leading to carbon gasification. CH4 was experimentally detected by mass spectrometry as a product in the reaction between N-doped carbon and NH3. When compared to conventional activated carbon (1533.6 m2/g), the N-doped nanoporous carbon (1326.5 m2/g) exhibits more than double the unit area capacitance (90 vs 41 mF/m2).