rexresearch.com
Stuff & Stuff
Sci-Tech News & Olds
Ultra-censored XXXX-Edition -- Beyond Porn to Tantra !
[August 32, 2018 ]
Contents
Frederick Tombe : Maxwell's Original Equations
Jeff Rothschild loves you
Barrie Trower : WiFi : A Thalidomiode in the Making. Who Cares ?
Zhe Liu, et al. : ZL-105 vs Cancer
Cancer Apoptosis by CD95
Magnesium Chloride Potentiation of Solar Cells
Martin Pohlman : Time Machine ( US2006073976 : Method of gravity distortion and time displacement )
John Lilly : Balanced Pulse-Pair Waveform [ The "Lilly Wave ' ]
10 Search Engines for Exploring of the Deep / Invisible Web
Fasting vs Cancer
Scientists say nerves use sound, not electricity
Antoine PRIORE :
Healing of the Acute and Chronic Experimental Trypanosomiasis by the Combined Action of Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves
[ PDF ]
Healing of the Acute and Chronic Experimental Trypanosomiasis by the Combined Action of Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves
[ PDF ]
See also : PRIORE : Electromagnetic Therapy
The General Science Journal
Jeff Rothschild love your worthless pseudo-life / existence as a useless eater-idiot-dupe-slave :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcvjoWOwnn4
Charlie Chaplin : Final Speech in
The Great Dictator
2-1/2 hours well spent :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZep-oqz9sM
ANIMA (2011)
Speak Truth to Power, even if Your Voice shakes. God and Nature Love Courage.
Barrie Trower :
WiFi : A Thalidomide in the Making. Who Cares ?
[ PDF ]
Cancer News -- More High-Tech Pseudo-Hope :
Zhe Liu, et al. : ZL-105
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140325102705.htm
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/new_drug_raises/
New drug raises potential for cancer
treatment revolution
by
Peter Sadler
by
Peter Sadler
A revolution in cancer treatment could soon be underway following a breakthrough that may lead to a dramatic improvement in cancer survival rates.
A new study at the University of Warwick, published today in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, has developed a new drug that can manipulate the body’s natural signalling and energy systems, allowing the body to attack and shut down cancerous cells.
Called ZL105, the drug is a compound based on the precious metal iridium. The study has found ZL105 could potentially replace currently used anticancer drugs, which become less effective over time, cause a wide-range of side-effects and damage healthy cells as well as cancerous.
Commenting on the breakthrough, University of Warwick researcher and study co-author Dr Isolda Romero-Canelon said “The energy-producing machinery in cancer cells works to the limit as it attempts to keep up with quick proliferation and invasion. This makes cancer cells susceptible to minor changes in the cell ‘power-house’. Our drug pushes cancer cells over the limit causing them to slow and shut down, whilst normal cells can cope with its effects”.
Preliminary data indicate that the novel drug may be ten times more effective in treating ovarian, colon, melanoma, renal, and some breast cancers, according to data obtained by the US National Cancer Institute. The researchers now aim to expand the study to cancers that are inherently resistant to existing drugs and to those which have developed resistance after a first round of chemotherapy treatments.
Study co-author Professor Peter J. Sadler said “Existing cancer treatments often become less effective after the first course, as cancer cells learn how they are being attacked. The drug we have developed is a catalyst and is active at low doses. It can attack cancer cells in multiple ways at the same time, so the cancer is less able to adapt to the treatment. This means the new drugs could be much more effective than existing treatments.”
“Platinum-based drugs are used in nearly 50% of all chemotherapeutic regimens, exert their activity by damaging DNA and cannot select between cancerous and non-cancerous cells, leading to a wide-range of side-effects from renal failure to neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nausea and vomiting.
“In contrast, the new iridium-based drug is specifically designed not to attack DNA, but to have a novel mechanism of action, meaning that it could not only dramatically slow down and halt cancer growth, but also significantly reduce the side effects suffered by patients” argues Professor Sadler.
This research could also lead to substantial improvements in cancer survival rates. “Current statistics indicate that one in every three people will develop some kind of cancer during their life time, moreover approximately one woman dies of ovarian cancer every two hours in the UK according to Cancer Research UK .It is clear that a new generation of drugs is necessary to save more lives and our research points to a highly effective way of defeating cancerous cells” said Dr Romero-Canelon.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.201311161/abstract;jsessionid=487D95E3B88B65F3288F6BC1F5D4638E.f01t03
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53 Issue 13
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311161
11 MAR 2014
The Potent Oxidant Anticancer Activity
of Organoiridium Catalysts
Dr. Zhe Liu, Dr. Isolda Romero-Canelón, Bushra Qamar, Jessica M. Hearn, Dr. Abraha Habtemariam, Dr. Nicolas P. E. Barry, Dr. Ana M. Pizarro, Dr. Guy J. Clarkson and Prof. Dr. Peter J. Sadler
Dr. Zhe Liu, Dr. Isolda Romero-Canelón, Bushra Qamar, Jessica M. Hearn, Dr. Abraha Habtemariam, Dr. Nicolas P. E. Barry, Dr. Ana M. Pizarro, Dr. Guy J. Clarkson and Prof. Dr. Peter J. Sadler
Abstract
Platinum complexes are the most widely used anticancer drugs; however, new generations of agents are needed. The organoiridium(III) complex [(?5-Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(Cl)] (1-Cl), which contains p-bonded biphenyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxbiph) and C^N-chelated phenylpyridine (phpy) ligands, undergoes rapid hydrolysis of the chlorido ligand. In contrast, the pyridine complex [(?5-Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(py)]+ (1-py) aquates slowly, and is more potent (in nanomolar amounts) than both 1-Cl and cisplatin towards a wide range of cancer cells. The pyridine ligand protects 1-py from rapid reaction with intracellular glutathione. The high potency of 1-py correlates with its ability to increase substantially the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. The unprecedented ability of these iridium complexes to generate H2O2 by catalytic hydride transfer from the coenzyme NADH to oxygen is demonstrated. Such organoiridium complexes are promising as a new generation of anticancer drugs for effective oxidant therapy.
NOVEL IRIDIUM/RHODIUM ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS
US2013065864
[ Excerpt ]
US2013065864
[ Excerpt ]
Inventor: HABTEMARIAM ABRAHA/LIU ZHE [GB] (+3)
Also published as: WO2011148124 / EP2575801 / CN102905705 / CA2797921 / AU2011257002
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A significant development of organometallic chemistry in recent years has been the increasing use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl compounds. Not only are such compounds usually more soluble in organic solvents and more readily crystallized than their unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl analogs, but they are generally more stable as a result of the steric and electron-donation effects of the five methyl groups. This is particularly so for the ([eta]<5>-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium complexes, where the [eta]<5>-C5Me5 acts as an excellent ligand toward Ir(III) since it is displaced only with considerable difficulty.<1 >
[0003] Sheldrick's group in Germany has studied the biological activity of ([eta]<5>-pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl)iridium complexes with polypyridyl ligands. Their work focuses on the intercalative binding properties of polypyridyl (pp) ligands (pp=dpq, dppz and dppn) into DNA. Recently they have showed that [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)IrCl(dppz)](CF3SO3) and [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)Ir((NMe2)2CS)(dppn)](CF3SO3)2 possess in vitro cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines, while [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)Ir(phen)Cl](CF3SO3) and [([eta]<5>-C5Me5) Ir(en)Cl](CF3SO3) are inactive against MCF-7 (breast cancer).<2 >Furthermore they have studied the influence of polypyridyl ligands (pp=dpq, dppz and dppn) and monodentate ligands (L-Cl, (NH2)2CS, (NMe2)2CS) on DNA intercalation (see FIG. 1).<3 >They also found that the complexes [IrCl3(DMSO)(pp)] (pp=phen, dpq, dppz, dppn), (FIG. 1), are potent cytotoxic agents toward the human cell lines MCF-7 and HT-29 and their IC50 values are dependent on the size of the polypyridyl ligands.<4 >Their work on iridium and rhodium polypyridyl complexes of general formula [Me(hal)3(sol)(pp)], in which hal is a halogenide and sol is a solvent, is described in EP2072521.
[0004] DNA binding of the type [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)Ir(Aa)(dppz)](CF3SO3)n containing S-coordinated amino acids has been studied and X-ray structure of [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)Ir(9-EtG)(phen)](CF3SO3)2 has been reported.<5 >
[0005] The biological activity of three novel indium(III) complexes with 1,2-naphthoquinone-1-oximato ligand are also described.<6 >The complex [([eta]<5>-C5Me5)Ir (pyTz)Cl]<+ >containing the 2-(pyridine-2-yl)thiazole (pyTz) N,N-chelating ligand is reported to be inactive towards human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant).<7 >
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention is based on studies on for monofunctional Ir<III >complexes [([eta]<5>-Cp<X>)Ir(LL)Cl]<0/+>, in which Cp<X>=Cp*, [eta]<5>-tetramethyl(phenyl)cyclopentadienyl (Cp<xph>) and /7<6>-tetramethyl(biphenyl)cyclopentadienyl (Cp<xbiph>) ligands (Chart 1), and the LL is an N,N-bound ethylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, N,O-bound picolinate ligand, O,O-bound acetylacetonate (acac) ligand and C,N-bound ligands. The rate of hydrolysis, acidity of the aqua adducts, interactions with nucleobases, the uptake and partitioning of these complexes in cells and relationship to cancer cell cytotoxicity have been studied.
[0007] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it has been observed that certain substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring significantly enhance cancer cell cytotoxicity, in particular the phenyl substituents in [eta]<5>-tetramethyl(phenypcyclopenta dienyl (Cp<xph>) and [eta]<5>-tetramethyl(biphenyl)cyclopentadienyl (Cp<xbiph>) ligands...
[0072] Examples of cancers which may be treated by the active compounds include, but are not limited to, a carcinoma, for example a carcinoma of the bladder, breast, colon (e.g. colorectal carcinomas such as colon adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma), kidney, epidermal, liver, lung, for example adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung carcinomas, oesophagus, gall bladder, ovary, pancreas e.g. exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, or skin, for example squamous cell carcinoma; a hematopoietic tumour of lymphoid lineage, for example leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, or Burkett's lymphoma; a hematopoietic tumor of myeloid lineage, for example acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, or promyelocytic leukemia; thyroid follicular cancer; a tumour of mesenchymal origin, for example fibrosarcoma or habdomyosarcoma; a tumor of the central or peripheral nervous system, for example astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glioma or schwannoma; melanoma; seminoma; teratocarcinoma; osteosarcoma; xenoderoma pigmentoum; keratoctanthoma; thyroid follicular cancer; or Kaposi's sarcoma.
[0073] Preferred cancers include leukaemia, CNS cancer, melanoma, prostrate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer or any selection thereof.
Osmium (ii) arene azo anti-cancer complexes
CN103108880
CN103108880
Inventor: FU YING / SADLER PETER JOHN (+1)
Vacquinol-1 vs Cancer
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140320121906.htm
March 20, 2014
New approach makes cancer cells
explode
Researchers have discovered that a substance called Vacquinol-1 makes cells from glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of brain tumor, literally explode. The established treatments that are available for glioblastoma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. But even if this treatment is given the average survival is just 15 months. It is therefore critical to find better treatments for malignant brain tumors.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have discovered that a substance called Vacquinol-1 makes cells from glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of brain tumour, literally explode. When mice were given the substance, which can be given in tablet form, tumour growth was reversed and survival was prolonged. The findings are published in the journal Cell.
The established treatments that are available for glioblastoma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. But even if this treatment is given the average survival is just 15 months. It is therefore critical to find better treatments for malignant brain tumours.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet and colleagues at Uppsala University have discovered an entirely new mechanism to kill tumour cells in glioblastoma. Researchers in an initial stage have exposed tumour cells to a wide range of molecules. If the cancer cells died, the molecule was considered of interest for further studies, which initially applied to over 200 kinds of molecules. Following extensive studies, a single molecule has been identified as being of particular interest. The researchers wanted to find out why it caused cancer cell death.
It was found that the molecule gave the cancer cells an uncontrolled vacuolization, a process in which the cell carries substances from outside the cell into its interior. This carrying process is made via the vacuoles, which can roughly be described as blisters or bags consisting of cell membranes. The process is similar to what was behind last year's Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, the discovery that describes how cellular vesicles move things from the interior of the cell to its surface.
When cancer cells were filled with a large amount of vacuoles, the cell membranes (the outer wall of the cell) collapsed and the cell simply exploded and necrotized.
"This is an entirely new mechanism for cancer treatment. A possible medicine based on this principle would therefore attack the glioblastoma in an entirely new way. This principle may also work for other cancer diseases, we have not really explored this yet," says Patrik Ernfors, professor of tissue biology at the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics at Karolinska Institutet.
Researchers made mice that had human glioblastoma cells transplanted ingest the substance for five days. The average survival was about 30 days for the control group that did not receive the substance. Of those who received the substance six of eight mice were still alive after 80 days. The study was then considered of such interest that the scientific journal wanted to publish the article immediately.
"We now want to try to take this discovery in basic research through preclinical development and all the way to the clinic. The goal is to get into a phase 1 trial," says Patrik Ernfors.
The study has been funded with money from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Brain Foundation, Hållsten's Research Foundation, the Torsten Söderberg Foundation, and Wallenberg Scholar.
Journal Reference:
Cell, 20 March 2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.021
Vulnerability of Glioblastoma Cells to
Catastrophic Vacuolization and Death Induced by a Small
Molecule.
Satish Srinivas Kitambi, et al.
Satish Srinivas Kitambi, et al.
Cancer Apoptosis by CD95
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140321095508.htm
March 21, 2014
Surprising new way to kill cancer
cells
Cancer cells -- and not normal cells -- can be killed by eliminating either the FAS receptor, also known as CD95, or its binding component, CD95 ligand, scientists have demonstrated. The discovery seems counterintuitive because CD95 has previously been defined as a tumor suppressor. To confirm the importance of CD95 for the survival of cancer cells in vivo, the researchers removed it from tissues in animal models and found that cancer could not form.
Northwestern Medicine scientists have demonstrated that cancer cells -- and not normal cells -- can be killed by eliminating either the FAS receptor, also known as CD95, or its binding component, CD95 ligand.
"The discovery seems counterintuitive because CD95 has previously been defined as a tumor suppressor," said lead investigator Marcus Peter, professor in medicine-hematology/Oncology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "But when we removed it from cancer cells, rather than proliferate, they died."
The findings were published March 20 in Cell Reports.
The self-destruction of cells, known as apoptosis, is a necessary process that helps the body rid itself of unwanted and potentially harmful cells. Under normal circumstances, when CD95 is activated, the process of apoptosis is triggered. Seen as a keeper of homeostasis in the immune system, it's been long-considered vital for the prevention of uncontrolled, cancerous cell growth.
"In order to conduct this line of work, we had to create something that I don't believe exists, a cancer cell completely devoid of CD95," said Peter, a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University. "If CD95 was truly a tumor suppressor, its elimination would result in an enhanced growth and/or invasiveness of cancer cells."
Peter and his team tested cancer cells from nine different tissue origins. Instead of proliferating, the cells increased their size and the production of harmful reactive oxygen species, resulting in DNA damage. In their first attempt to divide, they died.
Peter determined that the "cell death induced by CD95 receptor or ligand elimination (DICE)," comprises multiple death pathways. A cancer cell would have to mutate components of each to defend against DICE, a highly unlikely scenario.
"DICE killed every cancer cell we put it up against and we found nothing that could prevent its destruction," Peter said. "The fact that none of the more than 1,000 drugs, nor the knockdown of any single gene was found to counteract DICE, makes it a very promising new way to kill cancer cells."
To confirm the importance of CD95 for the survival of cancer cells in vivo, Peter and colleagues removed it from tissues in animal models and found that cancer could not form.
"We know CD95 is not essential for the survival of any tissue outside of the immune system because mice with a deletion of either CD95 or CD95 ligand complete an average lifecycle with no illness other than autoimmunity," he said.
The findings suggest that dependence on CD95 and CD95 ligand for survival is a feature of cancer cells that distinguishes them from normal cells.
"We didn't believe these findings at first, but after more than four years of detailed experiments, we have convinced ourselves and others that what we have shown reflects reality," Peter said.
Peter is now working with Chad Mirkin, the George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and professor of medicine at Feinberg, to induce DICE in cancer cells using small interfering RNAs delivered by gold nanoparticles.
"We're not going to reinvent the wheel," Peter said. "Alexander Stegh, assistant professor of neurology and of medicine at Feinberg, has already used the same nano-platform to target a gene in a mouse model for brain cancer. In developing nano-DICE, we can begin the process of finding new treatment options."
Journal Reference:
Cell Reports, March 2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.035
Death Induced by CD95 or CD95 Ligand
Elimination.
Abbas Hadji, et al.
Abbas Hadji, et al.
Magnesium Chloride Potentiation of
Solar Cells
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/breakthrough-in-solar-panel-manufacture-promises-cheap-energy-within-a-decade-9563136.html
25 June 2014
Breakthrough in solar panel
manufacture promises cheap energy within a decade
Technical advance based on edible salt overcomes need to use toxic agents
by
Steve Connor
Technical advance based on edible salt overcomes need to use toxic agents
by
Steve Connor
A breakthrough in the production of solar cells will make the next generation of solar panels cheaper and safer, and promises to accelerate the development of solar energy over the next decade, scientists said.
A technical advance based on an edible salt used in the manufacture of tofu could revolutionise the production of future solar panels to make them less expensive, more flexible and easier to use than the current models seen on millions of roofs across Britain.
Researchers believe they have found a way of overcoming one of the most serious limitations of the next generation of solar panels, which are based on toxic cadmium chloride, by simply adding magnesium chloride, an abundant salt found in seawater.
A study has shown that the solar cells produced with magnesium chloride – which is also found in bath salts as well as used to coagulate soya milk into tofu – work just as efficiently as conventional cadmium cells but at a fraction of the cost and with much lower toxicity.
“We certainly believe it’s going to make a big change to the costs of these devices. The cost of solar is going to match fossil fuels eventually but this is going to get us there quicker,” said Jon Major of the University of Liverpool, who led the research.
“Magnesium chloride is incredibly low-cost and it’s simply recovered from seawater. It’s used to de-ice roads in winter and it’s completely harmless and non-toxic. We’ve managed to replace a highly expensive, toxic material with one that’s completely benign and low cost,” Dr Major said.
About 90 per cent of the solar panels currently in use are made of photovoltaic cells composed of silicon semiconductors, which convert sunlight directly into electricity. However, silicon is not good at absorbing sunlight which is why the next generation of PV cells will be based on a thin coating of cadmium telluride, which absorbs sunlight so well that it only needs to be about one hundredth of the thickness of silicon.
However, although cadmium telluride is seen as the future for solar energy, it is potentially dangerous after it is “activated” with cadmium chloride, a critical step in the manufacturing process that raises the efficiency of converting sunlight to electricity from about two per cent to 15 per cent or more.
The Liverpool team attempted to find an alternative to cadmium chloride in the activation step and discovered that it could be done just as well with magnesium chloride, which they sprayed onto a test sample of cadmium telluride with a model aircraft spray gun they bought for £49.99, Dr Major said.
In a study published in the journal Nature, the researchers demonstrated that the efficiency of the resulting photovoltaic cells made from cadmium telluride and magnesium chloride were on a par with commercial cadmium telluride cells that had been activated with toxic cadmium chloride.
“We have to apply cadmium chloride in a fume cupboard in the lab, but we created solar cells using the new method on a bench with a spray gun bought from a model shop,” Dr Major said.
“Cadmium chloride is toxic and expensive, and we no longer need to use it. Replacing it with a naturally occurring substance could save the industry a vast amount of money and reduce the overall cost for generating power from solar,” he said.
It is not possible to estimate how much cheaper the new solar cells will be, Dr Major said, but magnesium chloride is about one per cent of the cost of cadmium chloride. In addition, waste disposal will be far easier and cheaper with a product based on a non-toxic salt, he said.
Asked why the solar power industry had not thought of using magnesium chloride before, Dr Major said: “We genuinely don’t know. The only reason we can suggest is that cadmium chloride works well so it may be a case of ‘if it’s not broke, why is there a need to fix it?’”
Jeremy Leggett, chairman of the renewable energy firm Solarcentury, said that the development is exciting because it promises to make an already competitive industry even more competitive with conventional sources of energy, such as fossil fuels.
“Their costs are coming down so fast that they are already knocking the business models of utilities into what some analysts call a ‘death spiral’. Imagine, then, what will happen if developments such as the one described in the new research come to market,” Dr Leggett said.
Just for Flatulation & Giggles Department :
Martin POHLMAN : Time Machine
US2006073976
Method of gravity distortion and time displacement
Method of gravity distortion and time displacement
Abstract
A method for employing sinusoidal oscillations of electrical bombardment on the surface of one Kerr type singularity in close proximity to a second Kerr type singularity in such a method to take advantage of the Lense-Thirring effect, to simulate the effect of two point masses on nearly radial orbits in a 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space resulting in creation of circular timelike geodesics conforming to the van Stockum under the Van Den Broeck modification of the Alcubierre geometry (Van Den Broeck 1999) permitting topology change from one spacelike boundary to the other in accordance with Geroch's theorem (Geroch 1967) which results in a method for the formation of Godel-type geodesically complete spacetime envelopes complete with closed timelike curves.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to the use of technical time displacement devices, which operate by the modification of gravitational fields. These drive systems do not depend on the emission of matter to create thrust to take advantage of time dilation, but rather create a change in the curvature of space-time, in accordance with general relativity. This allows travel across topologies by warping space-time, to produce a topology change from one spacelike boundary to the other in accordance with Geroch's theorem (Geroch 1967)
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The concept of gravity should be examined in the light of quantum gravity and in turn as a component of quantum physics itself. The fundamental minimal quantum of energy in quantum physics is Planck's constant; h. Thus in accordance with the energy equivalence formula E=mc<2> , the fundamental minimum quantity of mass (mq) can therefore be derived, from known constants by; mq=h/c<2 > (1). Taking this minimal mass, it is possible to show that the formation of all matter, the forces of nature and indeed space-time itself derive from this single quintessential quantity.
[0003] Thus if the number of quintessences in a system is; nq=m/mq: then the total Energy of the system is more logically given by, the energy of a single quintessence (h); directly multiplied by the number of quintessences (nq) in that system, thus
E=hnq=mc<2> (1 a).
[0004] Furthermore, this minimal mass, termed quintessence, can form the basis of the existence of a quantum gravitational field in the form of a space-time lattice, from which quantum gravity may be derived from first principles. Furthermore, the conglomeration of these quintessences also accounts for the formation of the elementary particles and the forces acting between them, as in superstring theory. This concept explains the formation of matter and the forces of nature on a quantum mechanical basis and directly explains the existence of wave particle duality. Thus as nq=m/mq; the frequency of light and matter (f) is determined, directly, from the number of constituent quintessences. This leads automatically to the fundamental equation, derived from (1), f=nq=E/h, where nq is the number of quintessences, which leads directly to the frequency of both light and matter. This in turn leads directly to a Universal wave equation for matter and light [lambda]=c/[beta]nq=hc/[beta]E (2), where [beta] is the relative directional velocity, v/c. As the momentum, p=[beta]*E/c, then this equation also gives the standard de-Broglie wave equation, [lambda]=h/p in agreement with current theory and experiments<1> .
[0005] Using the Universal wave equation, the standard equation for special relativity, m'=mo/(1-[beta]<2> )<1/2> , derives from first principles. Also from these observations, a modified Dirac wave equation may be derived, E[psi]=(-j[beta].[Nabla]+[beta]m)[psi] (2a), the results of which have been recently verified by a paper in which the orbitals of electrons were experimentally directly visualised<2> . Moreover, a fundamental equation for general relativity can be formulated, where G is the gravitational constant and rq is the given radius of quintessence; G=9(rq)<2> c<4> /[lambda][beta]E (3), such that the Universal wave equation is in direct agreement with general relativity<3> . Thus special and general relativity and quantum mechanics can be unified.
[0006] From here it is possible to proceed in a number of ways; the geometric structure of the electron and the forces of Nature may be derived from first principles and in turn the structure of the quarks, including the top and bottom, otherwise known as truth and beauty can be seen. Moreover, the presence of a space-time lattice results in an understanding of quantum EPR effects. By allowing a theoretical flow of energy through the space-time lattice it can be shown that:
[0007] Energy is not bound by space-time
[0008] Thus logically accounting for phenomena such as entanglement and quantum tunnelling. Quintessence can also be used to explain, logically, the inner physics of a black hole, the missing mass of the Galaxy, the continuing expansion of the Universe, Guth's inflationary theory and the Big Bang. Hence, it is now possible to understand the Universe, including space-time, matter and the forces of nature from the radius, mass and vibration of a single quantity, quintessence.
[0009] With this understanding of space-time, matter and the forces of Nature, and in particular gravity, it is possible to demonstrate that the modification of gravitational fields, and in turn the warping of space-time, can be technically readily achieved.
[0010] Using standard equations for special relativity, m'=m0/(1-[beta]<2> )<1/2> , it can be demonstrated that by differentially increasing the velocity of electrons, by applying a differential current, their mass can be increased in a specific way. In turn by increasing the mass of electrons, by general relativity, the number of gravitons emitted from these electrons can be modulated. By multiplying this effect using an ultracentrifugational device the differential graviton emission can be manifestly amplified. This in turn, in accordance with general relativity, will cause a change in the curvature of space-time.
[0011] This effective warping of space-time does not, of necessity, imply superluminal velocities, but does allow the creation of warp drive systems, which do not depend on the creation of thrust by the ejection of material as used in current space technologies.
Part 1 - Fundamental Laws of Physics
[0012] Quintessential Mass
[0013] The quantum physical, minimum component of energy is Planck's constant; h. To define the minimal component of mass, using the standard energy equivalence formula; E=mc<2> , such a minimal mass (mq) would be required to have the value equivalent to; mq=h/c<2 > (1). The total mass of a system (m) would then be; m=nqmq, where (nq) is the number of these minimal units. Thence, the total energy of a system can be derived from the minimal energy; h, multiplied by the number of these energy units (nq). Thus as, E=mc<2> , then also E=mqnqc<2 > and substituting mq=h/c<2> , the energy equivalence formula has the more logical formulation; E=hnq(1a). Thus the energy of a system is equivalent to the minimal energy unit; h, multiplied by the number of those minimal energy units (nq).
[0014] Taking this minimal mass/energy, it is possible to show that all matter, the forces of nature and space time can be constructed from this single quintessential quantity. Moreover, using this quantity the laws of physics can be derived from first principles. Thus, a priori, all components of the physical universe, including space-time, can be constructed from this minimal mass component, termed quintessence...
&c...
[0015] Wave Particle Duality
[0027] Wave Equations
[0050] Wave Particle Duality and Relativity
[0057] The Space-Time Lattice
[0072] Quintessence and Complex Space
[0078] The Three Dimensional Argand Diagram
[0081] Energy and the Space-Time Lattice
[0086] Energy is Not Bound by the Space-Time Lattice
Part II-Particle Physics
[0092] Electron Structure
[0105] Complex Space and Electron Structure
[0115] Electron Pairing and Superconductivity
[0121] The Fine Structure Constant
[0125] Fundamental Forces and Particle Structure
[0165] Particle Spin and Size
Part III - Quantum Gravity
[0187] Quantum General Relativity
[0212] Quantum Gravity and Wave Particle Duality
[0231] Graviton Structure
[0236] Quantised General Relativity
[0248] Graviton Force Characteristics
[0252] Quantum Gravity and Electromagnetism
[0267] Quantum Gravity and the Charge of the Electron
[0285] Quantum Gravity and the Electron Magnetic Moment
[0300] Quantum Gravity and Special Relativity
[0309] Quintessence and Black Holes
[0323] Quintessence and the Big Bang
[0337] The Nature of Energy
[0345] Energy is not Bound by the Space-Time Lattice
[0350] Part IV: Applied Theory with the Intent to Create Closed Timelike Curves
[0351] Electron Bombardment of the Photosphere to Induce Gravitational Shift
[0355] Stable CTC Solution From Modified M-Theory
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0360] The present invention is A method for the generation of a pseudo 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space (DeDeo & Gott 2002) using two Kerr type positively charged rotating dilation singularities where one singularity is maintained as a axis of rotation or "reference" singularity, and the other "target" singularity is subjected to a differential electron flow so as to simultaneously pass above the photosphere of said singularity in its direction of rotation-prograde orbit-and contrary to its direction of rotation-retrograde orbit-to release a directed flow of gravitons in a sinusoidal oscillation simulating a rotational effect of the "target" singularity around the axis of rotation provided by the "reference" singularity, resulting in the creation of timelike curves in a compact time-oriented manifold permitting topology change from one spacelike boundary to the other in accordance with Geroch's theorem (Geroch 1967) which results in a method for the formation of G odel-type geodesically complete spacetime envelopes complete with closed timelike curves.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0361] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the mechanism employed to house the components necessary to generate a 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space, resulting in the creation of timelike curves in a compact time-oriented manifold
[0362] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the G odel-type geodesically complete spacetime envelope created by the mechanism complete with closed timelike curves
John LILLY : Balanced Pulse-Pair
Waveform
[ The "Lilly Wave ' ]
[ PDF ]
[ The "Lilly Wave ' ]
[ PDF ]
10 Search Engines for Exploring of the
Deep / Invisible Web
Infomine
http://infomine.ucr.edu/
The WWW Virtual Library
http://vlib.org/
Intute
http://www.intute.ac.uk/
Complete Planet
www.http://aip.completeplanet.com/
Infoplease
http://www.infoplease.com/index.html
DeepPeep
www.deeppeep.org
IncyWincy
http://www.incywincy.com/
DeepWebTech
http://www.deepwebtech.com/
Scirus
www.scirus.com
TechXtra
ww.techxtra.ac.uk/index.html
Fasting vs Cancer
https://news.usc.edu/63669/fasting-triggers-stem-cell-regeneration-of-damaged-old-immune-system/
Fasting triggers stem cell regeneration of
damaged, old immune system
Protection from chemotherapy immunosuppression indicates effect could be conserved in humans
In the first evidence of a natural intervention triggering stem cell-based regeneration of an organ or system, a study in the June 5 issue of the Cell Stem Cell shows that cycles of prolonged fasting not only protect against immune system damage — a major side effect of chemotherapy — but also induce immune system regeneration, shifting stem cells from a dormant state to a state of self-renewal.
In both mice and a Phase 1 human clinical trial involving patients receiving chemotherapy, long periods of not eating significantly lowered white blood cell counts. In mice, fasting cycles then “flipped a regenerative switch,” changing the signaling pathways for hematopoietic stem cells, which are responsible for the generation of blood and immune systems, the research showed.
The study has major implications for healthier aging, in which immune system decline contributes to increased susceptibility to disease as people age. By outlining how prolonged fasting cycles — periods of no food for two to four days at a time over the course of six months — kill older and damaged immune cells and generate new ones, the research also has implications for chemotherapy tolerance and for those with a wide range of immune system deficiencies, including autoimmunity disorders.
“We could not predict that prolonged fasting would have such a remarkable effect in promoting stem cell-based regeneration of the hematopoietic system,” said corresponding author Valter Longo, Edna M. Jones Professor of Gerontology and the Biological Sciences at the USC Davis School of Gerontology and director of the USC Longevity Institute. Longo has a joint appointment at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.
“When you starve, the system tries to save energy, and one of the things it can do to save energy is to recycle a lot of the immune cells that are not needed, especially those that may be damaged,” Longo said. “What we started noticing in both our human work and animal work is that the white blood cell count goes down with prolonged fasting. Then when you re-feed, the blood cells come back. So we started thinking, well, where does it come from?”
Fasting cycles
Prolonged fasting forces the body to use stores of glucose, fat and ketones, but it also breaks down a significant portion of white blood cells. Longo likens the effect to lightening a plane of excess cargo.
During each cycle of fasting, this depletion of white blood cells induces changes that trigger stem cell-based regeneration of new immune system cells. In particular, prolonged fasting reduced the enzyme PKA, an effect previously discovered by the Longo team to extend longevity in simple organisms and which has been linked in other research to the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency — that is, the potential for one cell to develop into many different cell types. Prolonged fasting also lowered levels of IGF-1, a growth-factor hormone that Longo and others have linked to aging, tumor progression and cancer risk.
“PKA is the key gene that needs to shut down in order for these stem cells to switch into regenerative mode. It gives the OK for stem cells to go ahead and begin proliferating and rebuild the entire system,” explained Longo, noting the potential of clinical applications that mimic the effects of prolonged fasting to rejuvenate the immune system. “And the good news is that the body got rid of the parts of the system that might be damaged or old, the inefficient parts, during the fasting. Now, if you start with a system heavily damaged by chemotherapy or aging, fasting cycles can generate, literally, a new immune system.”
Prolonged fasting also protected against toxicity in a pilot clinical trial in which a small group of patients fasted for a 72-hour period prior to chemotherapy, extending Longo’s influential past research.
“While chemotherapy saves lives, it causes significant collateral damage to the immune system. The results of this study suggest that fasting may mitigate some of the harmful effects of chemotherapy,” said co-author Tanya Dorff, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital. “More clinical studies are needed, and any such dietary intervention should be undertaken only under the guidance of a physician.”
“We are investigating the possibility that these effects are applicable to many different systems and organs, not just the immune system,” said Longo, whose lab is in the process of conducting further research on controlled dietary interventions and stem cell regeneration in both animal and clinical studies.
The study was supported by the National Institute of Aging of the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers AG20642, AG025135, P01AG34906). The clinical trial was supported by the V Foundation and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P30CA014089).
Chia Wei-Cheng of USC Davis was first author of the study. Gregor Adams, Xiaoying Zhou and Ben Lam of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC; Laura Perin and Stefano Da Sacco of the Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles; Min Wei of USC Davis; Mario Mirisola of the University of Palermo; Dorff and David Quinn of the Keck School of Medicine of USC; and John Kopchick of Ohio University were co-authors of the study.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120208152254.htm
February 8, 2012
Fasting weakens cancer in mice
Summary:
New study finds that short fasting cycles can work as well as chemotherapy, and the two combined greatly improve survival.
Man may not live by bread alone, but cancer in animals appears less resilient, according to a study that found chemotherapy drugs work better when combined with cycles of short, severe fasting.
Even fasting on its own effectively treated a majority of cancers tested in animals, including cancers from human cells.
The study in Science Translational Medicine, part of the Science family of journals, found that five out of eight cancer types in mice responded to fasting alone: Just as with chemotherapy, fasting slowed the growth and spread of tumors.
And without exception, "the combination of fasting cycles plus chemotherapy was either more or much more effective than chemo alone," said senior author Valter Longo, professor of gerontology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California.
For example, multiple cycles of fasting combined with chemotherapy cured 20 percent of mice with a highly aggressive type of children's cancer that had spread throughout the organism and 40 percent of mice with a more limited spread of the same cancer.
No mice survived in either case if treated only with chemotherapy.
Only a clinical trial lasting several years can demonstrate whether humans would benefit from the same treatment, Longo cautioned.
Results from the first phase of a clinical trial with breast, urinary tract and ovarian cancer patients, conducted at the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and led by oncologists Tanya Dorff and David Quinn, in collaboration with Longo, have been submitted for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Society of Cancer Oncologists.
The first phase tests only the safety of a therapy, in this case whether patients can tolerate short-term fasts of two days before and one day after chemotherapy.
"We don't know whether in humans it's effective," Longo said of fasting as a cancer therapy. "It should be off limits to patients, but a patient should be able to go to their oncologist and say, 'What about fasting with chemotherapy or without if chemotherapy was not recommended or considered?"
In a case report study with self-reported data published in the journal Aging in 2010, 10 cancer patients who tried fasting cycles perceived fewer side effects from chemotherapy.
Longo stressed that fasting may not be safe for everyone. The clinical trial did not enroll patients who already had lost more than 10 percent of their normal weight or who had other risk factors, such as diabetes. Fasting also can cause a drop in blood pressure and headaches, which could make driving and other activities dangerous for some patients.
In mice, the study found that fasting cycles without chemotherapy could slow the growth of breast cancer, melanoma, glioma and human neuroblastoma. In several cases, the fasting cycles were as effective as chemotherapy.
Fasting also extended survival in mice bearing a human ovarian cancer. In the case of melanoma, the cancer cells became resistant to fasting alone after a single round, but the single cycle of fasting was as effective as chemotherapy in reducing the spread of cancer to other organs.
For all cancers tested, fasting combined with chemotherapy improved survival, slowed tumor growth and/or limited the spread of tumors.
As with any potential cancer treatment, fasting has its limits. The growth of large tumor masses was reduced by multiple fasting and chemotherapy cycles, but cancer-free survival could not be achieved. Longo speculated that cells inside a large tumor may be protected in some way or that the variety of mutations in a large mass may make it more adaptable.
But he noted that in most patients, oncologists have at least one chance to attack the cancer before it grows too large.
Longo and collaborators at the National Institute on Aging studied one type of breast cancer in detail to try to understand the effects of fasting.
While normal cells deprived of nutrients enter a dormant state similar to hibernation, the researchers saw that the cancer cells tried to make new proteins and took other steps to keep growing and dividing.
The result, Longo said, was a "cascade of events" that led to the creation of damaging free radical molecules, which broke down the cancer cells' own DNA and caused their destruction.
"The cell is, in fact, committing cellular suicide. What we're seeing is that the cancer cell tries to compensate for the lack of all these things missing in the blood after fasting. It may be trying to replace them, but it can't," Longo said.
The new study bookends research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008.
In that study, Longo's team showed that fasting protected normal cells against chemotherapy, but did not address the effect on cancer cells. The study also focused only on a single cancer and chemotherapy drug.
The new study on a range of cancers and common chemotherapy drugs extends the 2008 results by showing that fasting not only fails to protect cancer cells, but makes them more vulnerable.
Longo called the effect "Differential Stress Sensitization" to reflect the change in vulnerability between normal and cancerous cells.
Longo's interest in fasting and cancer grew from years of studies on the beneficial effects of fasting in yeast and other organisms. He showed 15 years ago that starved yeast cells enter a stress-resistant mode as they wait for better times.
By contrast, he said, the mutations in cancer cells come at a cost, such as a loss in adaptability to diverse environments. For example, Longo found that yeast genetically modified to resemble cancer cells become much more sensitive to several toxins.
"A way to beat cancer cells may not be to try to find drugs that kill them specifically but to confuse them by generating extreme environments, such as fasting that only normal cells can quickly respond to," Longo said...
Journal Reference:
Changhan Lee, Lizzia Raffaghello, Sebastian Brandhorst, Fernando M. Safdie, Giovanna Bianchi, Alejandro Martin-Montalvo, Vito Pistoia, Min Wei, Saewon Hwang, Annalisa Merlino, Laura Emionite, Rafael de Cabo, and Valter D. Longo. Fasting Cycles Retard Growth of Tumors and Sensitize a Range of Cancer Cell Types to Chemotherapy. Science Translational Medicine, Feb 8, 2012 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003293
http://www.nia.nih.gov/newsroom/announcements/2011/07/study-finds-fasting-may-help-reduce-negative-side-effects
July 28, 2011
Study finds fasting may help reduce
negative side effects of chemotherapy
Valter Longo and colleagues proposed that a treatment used to prolong life in some laboratory organisms could offer protection against the negative effects of chemotherapy. That treatment is fasting, a special type of dietary restriction. Dietary restriction provides adequate nutrition at lower-than-average calories, either through special daily meals or intermittent fasting.
In some of the earlier studies of dietary restriction in animal models, researchers measured resistance to stress as a way of predicting potential impact on lifespan and health. Successful resistance to short-term stress caused by reduction in calories typically correlates with longer life and better health. Researchers have also found in some models that fasting for relatively short periods of time – or months of dietary restriction – actually enhanced normal cells’ resistance to stress, but did not have an effect on cancer cells.
Based on these observations, Longo and colleagues hypothesized that they could use this “differential stress resistance” induced by fasting to reduce chemotherapy-related stress on normal cells, without jeopardizing the treatment’s efficacy for killing cancerous cells. Initial results in mice were encouraging: the mice survived and the chemotherapy was still effective. A subsequent but still very preliminary clinical study showed that patients who fasted in conjunction with chemotherapy reported fewer side-effects without loss of efficacy. The clinical study has been expanded to an early phase clinical trial.
References:
Raffaghello L, et al. Fasting and differential chemotherapy protection in patients. Cell Cycle 2010 9: 4474 – 4476.
Lee C, Longo VD. Fasting vs. dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: from model organisms to patients. Oncogene 2011 30: 3305 – 3316.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/scientists-say-nerves-use-sound-not-electricity-1.671526
Mar 09, 2007
Scientists say nerves use sound, not
electricity
The common view that nerves transmit impulses through electricity is wrong and they really transmit sound,according to a team of Danish scientists.
The Copenhagen University researchers argue that biology and medical textbooks that say nerves relay electrical impulses from the brain to the rest of the body are incorrect.
"For us as physicists, this cannot be the explanation," said Thomas Heimburg, an associate professor at the university's Niels Bohr Institute. "The physical laws of thermodynamics tell us that electrical impulses must produce heat as they travel along the nerve, but experiments find that no such heat is produced."
Heimburg, an expert in biophysics who received his PhD from the Max Planck Institute in Goettingen, Germany — where biologists and physicists often work together in a rare arrangement — developed the theory with Copenhagen University's Andrew Jackson, an expert in theoretical physics.
According to the traditional explanation of molecular biology, an electrical pulse is sent from one end of the nerve to the other with the help of electrically charged salts that pass through ion channels and a membrane that sheathes the nerves. That membrane is made of lipids and proteins.
Heimburg and Jackson theorize that sound propagation is a much more likely explanation. Although sound waves usually weaken as they spread out, a medium with the right physical properties could create a special kind of sound pulse or "soliton" that can propagate without spreading or losing strength.
The physicists say because the nerve membrane is made of a material similar to olive oil that can change from liquid to solid through temperature variations, they can freeze and propagate the solitons.
The scientists, whose work is in the Biophysical Society's Biophysical Journal,suggested that anesthetics change the melting point of the membrane and make it impossible for their theorized sound pulses to propagate.
The researchers could not immediately be reached for comment.