rexresearch
rexresearch1
Ted SURATT
SG Gas [ Suratt Gourley Gas ]
https://www.wateriontechnologies.com/science.asp
Water Ion Technologies
The Science Behind Dioxytetrahydride Gas
After studying the Intriguing Nature of Water for many years,
the lead Chemist and Mechanical Engineer of WIT discovered the
Fifth State of Water. Three of the states of water are liquid,
solid (ice) and steam (or water vapor that condensates back to
liquid water). Water also can become gas which is the fourth
State of Water.
The discovered fifth state of water is a restructured
dioxytetrahydride molecule with a reservoir of electrons that
forms a stable homogenous gas (Dioxytetrahydride Gas or a.k.a.,
SG (“Suratt Gourley”) Gas). This fifth state of water is an
active water gas with an electrical differential when compared
to other states of water.
The production of the Dioxytetrahydride Gas is created using
relatively low energy heat in an electromagnetic process. The
resulting gas is flammable and the only combustible by-product
of this Gas reverts back to the lower energy state of liquid
water.
One of the phenomenal discoveries is that Dioxytetrahydride
Gas-infused Water* stabilizes compounds for years including
hydrogen peroxide. The "Patent" subsection herein provides
information on the utility patent issued by the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office on April 16, 2019.
*Dioxytetrahydride Gas-infused Water is available on the market
as an ultra-pure drinking water under the U.S. registered
trademark names of Watt-Ahh and AquaNew. Please visit
AquaNew.com for more information.
Differences from Other Water-Generated Gases
The WIT inventors have conceived of a new isomer of water – it
contains the same atoms, only in a different configuration and
thus exhibits different properties from normal water vapor. The
gas does not cluster to create liquid water at regular
atmospheric temperatures and pressures as does the molecules of
normal water vapor. The gas exists in a higher energy state, and
as such, burns by itself at a low temperature, melting any
substrates when exposed to the gas flame. The gas flame has a
uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks indicative
of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of either H2 or O2
gas contamination. Hence, we call the resulting gas (SG Gas) an
ionized gas or a plasma gas.
In our process of creating SG Gas, electrolysis does not take
place!Other gases developed by Rhodes and Brown are "dirty
cocktails" with mixtures of gases including H2 or O2 gases that
are generated from heat-producing electrolysis processes and can
be explosive. It must be clear in our process of creating SG
Gas, electrolysis does not take place. "Electrolysis" is defined
as a "method of separating chemically bonded elements and
compounds by passing an electric current through them."
Electrolysis does not take place and no splitting of the water
molecular bonds occurs, as is demonstrated by the fact that no
increase in hydrogen or oxygen gas can be measured in the
reaction zone during the production of SG Gas. This is a key
differentiator from the processes that have resulted in other
gases that were and are produced by electrolysis of water. The
gases produced by electrolysis exhibit far different properties
from that of SG Gas. Gases produced by electrolysis are
explosive, cannot be pressurized and are heat-producing gases on
ignition.
Our process for creating the more stable, safer SG Gas is
neither heat producing (no electrolysis) nor involves any
splitting of hydrogen and oxygen bonds from the water molecule
that could create an explosive situation.
Unique Properties of SG Gas Compared to Other Gases
SG Gas Appearance: Colorless, odorless and
tasteless.
Freezing Point: SG Gas does not freeze at 32o
F. Gas bubbles form from SG Gas infused water after being poured
into ice cubes trays and placed in a regular home freezer. The
photo shows "unfrozen" SG Gas escaping from the gas bubbles
under the surface of the ice cube and forming spicules of ice
above the ice cubes in the tray.
Spicules of ice above the ice cube tray where
SG Gas is escaping from the gas bubbles under the surface of the
ice cube.
Stability: SG Gas has greater spacing of gas
molecules and a higher vapor pressure.
Pressurization: SG Gas can be stored and
transported under pressures at least 1,000 psiSG Gas Flame.
Flame when SG Gas is Ignited: Uniform blue
color appearance without yellow sparks indicative of water (H2O)
vapor or red sparks indicative of either H2 or O2 gas
contamination.
Flame Temperature: SG Gas flame has an
estimated temperature of 270o F. while ignition of either H2 or
O2 gas torch flame can reach temperatures of over 5,000o F.
Reaction to Other Materials: SG Gas is an
ionized gas or plasma gas that will, when ignited, and the flame
applied to a solid substrate, melt nearly any substance within
less than one minute, including metals and oxidized ceramic.
Implosive Nature: SG Gas when ignited, is
safer since it will implode instead of explode similar to that
of H2 or O2 gas.
Infusion: When SG gas is infused into a water
cluster it will bond to the water molecules and create a much
smaller cluster of a different shape and properties allowing it
to penetrate cells and hydrate animals and plants at a
substantially faster rate.
Boiling Point: SG Gas infused into pure water
has a lower boiling point.
Oxidation/Reduction: SG Gas is an ionized gas
with the potential to oxidize or reduce any substance. On a
non-oxidized substrate, such as steel, the active oxygen within
the molecule will chemically bond to the steel bringing it
immediately to its melting temperature and releasing hydrogen,
which bonds with atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. On an
oxidized substrate, such as ceramic, the hydrogen reduces the
substrate by chemically bonding with the oxygen present within
the substrate, melting the material and releasing atomic oxygen,
which then bonds with the material. This double reaction is
responsible for producing much more heat than an ordinary
oxidation reduction reaction.
Expansion Rates: When ordinary gases, such
as: methane, ethane, propane, butane, or acetylene are applied
to rusty steel, popping and spitting of material occurs due to
the explosive reaction of the ferrous oxide being separated from
the non-oxidized metal due to different expansion rates. With SG
Gas, this does not occur which leads us to predict oxidation and
reduction are occurring simultaneously, and the expansion rates
are equal.
Even Expansion Characteristics: On concrete
when heat from an ordinary gas is applied, the portion the flame
touches will expand and break loose from the rest of the
concrete with an explosive force and spit pieces of hot concrete
outward and leave holes in the concrete surface. This does not
occur with SG Gas because it is being reduced to a liquid form
before the pressure of uneven expansion occurs. This process
also can produce more effective bonding of diamonds to steel in
the manufacturing of cutting tools.
Simply stated, SG Gas is an ionized gas capable of oxidizing or
reducing almost any material without the adverse reactions
created by heat producing flames. Heat is the by product of
friction, in chemistry two atoms colliding together in a
reaction known as oxidation and reduction cause this friction. A
gas, referred to as a fuel, is usually a hydrocarbon that is
easily oxidized, however, the carbon is actually what is being
oxidized and the oxygen is being reduced meaning this is where
friction occurs and these are the items being heated. Heat given
off by these substances is refractive heat and the substances
being heated are absorbing heat or, better stated, are being
bombarded by fast moving hot gases. SG Gas may change the
definition of melting point due to the lack of heat producing
flames.
https://aquanew.com/
AquaNew Watt-Ahh
AquaNew holds the exclusive world-wide license to
manufacture non-medical consumable products using Polarized
Water. Polarized Water is made by infusing Dioxytetrahydride Gas
(a special 100% water-based gas under the U.S. registered
Trademark of DiTetra Gas®) into ultra pure water...
US10259712 -- Method of Stabilizing Compounds in Water, Water
Compositions Thereby, and Articles Containing Said Water
Compositions
[ PDF ]
Peroxides and chlorine dioxide (compounds) can be stabilized
for long periods of time (years) by combining the compounds with
water that has been infused with dioxytetrahydride gas. Such
stabilized materials can be used to infuse soft, solid
substances that can be used as sterile wipes, wound dressings,
or the like.
US2008257719 -- METHOD FOR MAKING A GAS FROM AN AQUEOUS
FLUID, PRODUCT OF THE METHOD, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
[ PDF ]
Inventor: SURATT TED, et al.
A method for producing a purified, stable, compressible gas
from an aqueous fluid. The gas is suitable for a variety of uses
and may also be infused into water which itself is useful for a
variety of purposes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A method for generating a gas having desirable properties is
herein disclosed. In addition, methodology for purifying said
gas is disclosed. Applicants refer to this gas as "SG Gas."
Applicant hereby incorporates United States Serial Number
11/738,476 filed on April 21 , 2007 by reference as if fully set
forth herein. [0011] In a first step of the method, an aqueous
fluid is provided to a reaction zone. While various aqueous
fluids, such as distilled water, tap water, or water taken from
a river, stream, lake or the like may be used to generate
electrical current at satisfactory levels, it is preferred to
use an electrolyte solution for the aqueous fluid of
standardized composition so that the conditions of the method
can be better standardized for maximum yield of gas.
The aqueous fluid is provided to a reaction zone which is
preferably closed off so to allow the reaction to occur under
pressure. An alkali sait is preferably used as an electrolyte
dissolved in distilled water. Preferred alkali salts are
potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The
specific gravity of the alkali salt in the solution is above
1.0. Most preferably, potassium hydroxide is employed at a
specific gravity from at least above 1.0 up to about 1.2. If
another electrolyte is chosen other than potassium hydroxide a
mole ratio must be calculated for that substance so that the
maximum mole ratio represented by the specific gravity of 1.2
provided for potassium hydroxide will not be exceeded. These
specific gravity values are as determined by a refractometer
which provides readings that are temperature compensated. Most
preferably, the electrolyte employed is potassium hydroxide
(powder form) dissolved in distilled water at a concentration
sufficient to form a solution having up to 1.2 specific gravity.
A suitable refractometer is the Westover Model RHA-100, portable
refractometer.
Aqueous fluid is contained in a receptacle which can be made out
of a variety of materials including sheet steel, stainless
steel, CV-PVC and epoxy resin fiberglass. The apparatus and
internal devices need to be heat resistant and waterproof. The
reaction zone is comprised of said aqueous fluid.
The aqueous fluid is placed in a reaction zone in the method of
the invention. Overall, the method employs creation of a
magnetic field in the aqueous fluid and periodic collapse of the
magnetic field under conditions which do not provoke
electrolysis of the aqueous fluid. Under these conditions, a
single gas is generated and collected. This gas has desirable
properties and is useful for applications.
In a first step of the method, a magnetic field is applied to
the reaction zone. Preferably, the magnetic field is applied by
providing a source of electric power to said reaction zone. An
electric current in said reaction zone provides a magnetic
field.
In a preferred embodiment, two metallic end plates having an
inside surface and an outside surface, and having the capacity
to conduct an electrical current are used in the reaction zone
in opposing configuration. The inside of each end plate is
partially submerged in the electrolyte solution. The metallic
plates are preferably comprised of nickel alloy or stainless
steel, but any metal can be used as long as such metal has the
capacity to conduct an electric current and is preferably
resistant to erosion by alkali solutions. One of said metallic
piates serves as a cathode and the other as an anode. The
cathode and anode should be separated a sufficient distance so
that a magnetic fieid forms when current is applied to the
reaction zone. The distance between the plates must be greater
than one inch (2.5 cm) in the method of the invention and is
preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. This distance is
independent of the volume of the aqueous fluid employed or size
of the reaction zone.
There is a relationship between the concentration of electrolyte
solution and the amperage which will exist in the aqueous fluid
upon application of current thereto. The higher the specific
gravity, the greater the amperage will result. This will also
affect the strength of the magnetic field, and increase the
temperature of the solution. Electrolysis (used industrially to
produce hydrogen gas via the reaction 2H2O(I) -> 2H2(g) +
O2(g)) which is not desired in the method of the invention,
could occur if the current is too high. The current may be too
high if the specific gravity of the electrolyte exceeds the
equivalent of 1.2 for potassium hydroxide. [0018] In order for
the magnetic field to be applied to the reaction zone, a power
source (e.g., 110 volts DC) is applied respectively to the anode
and to the cathode.
An appropriate power source that may be used in the method of
the invention is 110 volt alternating current which has been
converted to direct current using a rectifying process (e.g., a
diode bridge device). Any standard power or voltage source may
be used as long as it is rectified to direct current. When an
electric current is applied to the reaction zone, a magnetic
field is created in the reaction zone, which periodically
collapses and causes the conversion of the water in the aqueous
fluid into gas. Cyclic pulsation will be present in current even
after alternating current is converted to direct current (for
example a 60 cycle pulsation from household current) unless a
smoothing circuit has been incorporated. This resulting cyclic
pulsation is employable in the invention to periodically
collapse the magnetic field, however using an auxiliary pulsing
unit is preferably used in the method of the invention so that
better regulation of pulsing may be employed. Any means for
causing the electric current provided to the reaction zone to
pulse at a frequency of 15 to 20 kilohertz decreases the wattage
needed to create gas by approximately a factor of 10. The amount
of energy needed to generate one (1) liter of gas is 0.0028
kilowatt-hour and with a pulsing device associated with the
reaction zone, the amount drops to 0.00028 kilowatt-hour or less
to generate one (1) liter of gas.
As the pulsing occurs, the stationary magnetic field
alternatively collapses and is reinstated, it has been found
that a reaction occurs in the electrolyte solution between the
two end plates upon collapse of the magnetic field, which
results in a release of a generated gas. Some of the same gas
will be pulled toward the individual plates and released as part
of the generated gas.
In a pilot plant apparatus for determining optimal conditions, a
clear Plexiglas receptacle can be used for the reaction zone, so
that one can visibly monitor the reaction with ultraviolet light
and observe the generation of gas. This pilot plant preferably
provides adjustment means for the cathode and anode so that they
can be moved to optimize the reaction for a given aqueous fluid
composition and changes in pulsing duration and frequency.
Gas is generated not only at the electrodes but also appears as
bubbles in the body of water between the electrodes. It has been
found that use of minimal electric currents between two
electrodes results from the electrodes being spread a sufficient
distance apart of at least one inch (2.5 cm) and preferably
eight to sixteen inches apart, thereby creating the aforesaid
magnetic field enveloping the reaction chamber. A pure gas is
produced in the body of aqueous fluid between the electrodes,
without the production of a high levels of heat that would cause
the water to vaporize (212[deg.] F.). Rather, the reaction zone
remains at a temperature not exceeding 120[deg.] F. dependent on
ambient temperature. Normally, there is a 30[deg.] F.
temperature rise above ambient temperature assuming room
temperature 90[deg.] F. The collection chambers contain no
increase in oxygen gas, no increase in hydrogen gas, and no
noticeable water vapor. Thus, costs are lowered, production
speed increases, and the resulting gas is uniform in its
properties. Also important, the resulting homogeneous gas can be
pumped into a stainless steel cylinder and has been found to be
stable and not explosive under pressures of over 1000 Ib.
The important functionalities in the process are imposition of a
magnetic field on the aqueous fluid and the ability to
periodically collapse the magnetic field to generate the desired
gas, under conditions short of those that will induce
electrolysis. Other means which provide for these
functionalities can be used. For example, in an alternative
embodiment, wires could be inserted instead of plates in the
reaction zone and when current passes from one wire through the
aqueous fluid to the other wire, a magnetic field would be
produced. In another exemplary alternative, a wire coil outside
the reaction zone could be used to which a source of DC power
can be supplied to create a primary magnetic field in the
reaction zone. A wire coil placed in the middle of the solution
can serve as a secondary magnetic field and when powered in the
opposite direction of the current flow in pulses would collapse
the primary field and create the necessary reaction to form the
gas. Such a coil wouid be similar in concept to an automobile
coil.
When water is converted into gas, the natural conversion from
liquid to gas creates an increase in volume and thus an increase
in pressure within the reaction zone. While standard atmospheric
pressure is about 14.7 psi at sea level, the pressure in the
closed reaction zone is maintained between 30 and 100 psi by
using a check valve at the outlet of the reaction chamber to
control it, since maximum gas production occurs in this pressure
range.
Now referring to Fig. 1 , a schematic of a reaction chamber is
illustrated. Cathode (1) and anode (2) are in opposing
configuration, preferably more than one inch apart and most
preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. In the process of the
invention, a current is passed through an aqueous fluid (3) and
the current flow through the electrolyte creates a magnetic
field. The electricity is pulsed, which collapses the magnetic
field with each pulse of electricity. This produces the gas at a
very efficient rate in the area of the solution between the
electrodes, as denoted by (4) in Fig. 1. The gas produced may be
collected from the reaction zone through gas outlet (5) and
subjected to further purification as taught herein.
The generated gas is then preferably exposed to a second
magnetic field by providing a second reaction zone comprising of
rare earth magnets. The strength of the rare earth magnets
should be greater than fifty (50) Gauss units. Gas flows through
a chamber exposed to rare earth magnets for purification. Rare
earth magnets, dense metal magnets typically made from a
composite of neodymium, iron and boron with or without a nickel
coating or plating, are attached to the exterior of the chamber.
Since SG Gas is paramagnetic and water vapor is diamagnetic the
magnetic chamber strengthens the molecular bond of the gas and
repels the water vapor back into the solution.
The purified SG Gas may be used immediately or compressed and
stored in a gas storage tank. Purified SG Gas may be allowed to
flow out of said second reaction zone directly to a torch
attachment, to a compressor for storage in a pressurized vessel,
or gas outflow valve for infusion into water or other
substances.
in a method for making a compressible, stable gas with desirable
properties, SG Gas is made according to the method of the
invention. SG Gas can then be safely compressed and stored. SG
Gas can be compressed above 1 ,000 psi. SG Gas also can be
stored in a pressurized vessel.
In an exemplary procedure for compression, SG Gas is discharged
from the apparatus into a hose with a compressor attached. We
use a Whirlwind Compressor, Model 2200-2 HPE, manufactured by
High Pressure Eng. Co., Inc. A canister with pressure gauges is
used to fill the chamber with SG Gas, using a hose to transport
the SG Gas from the apparatus and compressor into the canister.
We use an empty oxygen tank that has been vacuumed to remove any
residua! oxygen and water. The empty and vacuumed oxygen tank
with pressure valve has a manufacturer name of White Martins,
ABRE with dimensions of 23" diameter and 19" height. SG Gas is
placed under pressure in the compression chamber up to and
beyond 1 ,000 psi. for storage of SG Gas.
SG Gas remains stable and under pressure for one month and
longer. To test its stability, wood chips were placed in a
stainless steel tank and the tank filled with SG Gas. The wood
chips absorbed SG Gas and additional SG Gas was used to refill
the chamber and maintain a 30 psi. Once the wood chips were
saturated with SG Gas, the tank was decompressed and pressure
reduced to 0 psi. For a period of over 30 days, no pressure was
generated assuming that no out gassing of SG Gas occurred. The
wood chips displayed different burn properties after 60 days
when compared to that of the non- treated wood chips. The
treated wood chips with absorbed SG Gas burned more efficiently
when compared to that of non-treated wood chips thereby
demonstrating the stability of the SG Gas bond with the treated
wood chips.
Analytical Testing and Observations of SG Gas Under Pressure
Maximum Pressure: SG Gas imploded when pressures exceeded
1 ,600 psi. Safe Pressurization: SG Gas remains safe and stable
at pressures around 1 ,000 psi for over 30 days. SG Gas should
remain stable under pressure indefinitely, at least for a
sufficient period of time to allow said gas to be utilized at
time 30-60 days after generation.
The purified SG Gas was tested and exhibited properties of a
pure, homogeneous gas that was found to be compressible as
stated above, safe, also able to oxidize any non-oxidized
substrate its flame contacts and able to reduce any completely
oxidized substrate its flame contacts. The following
characteristics were observed.
Ultra-violet Light Test: Exhibits a blue gray color
appearance compared to untreated distilled water which exhibits
no color, when exposed to an ultra-violet light, manufactured by
Zelco Industries Mode! 10015.
Balloon: Is lighter than air and causes balloons filled
therewith to rise.
Cooling: The Balloon Filled with Purified Gas: Balloon
remains inflated at or below -10[deg.] F.
Ignition: The purified SG Gas produced according to the above
method was tested for ignition properties. The purified gas,
when lit with an ignition source such as a spark, causes an
implosion. The temperature of the flame produced upon ignition
was estimated to be about 270[deg.] F. using an infrared
temperature device (Raynger ST2L infrared temperature device).
However.when materials are exposed to the flame, which creates a
chemical reaction with the material, base metals will rapidly
rise to melt temperature points, releasing heat and converting
the gas back into water (H2O).
Purified SG Gas was discharged from the reaction zone through a
hose with a torch attached. On the gas output of the apparatus,
a flash-back arrestor is recommended. The gas may be exposed to
an ignition source (e.g., spark or electrical arc) thus
combustion of the gas occurs. The heat of the resulting flame on
the subject torch has a temperature of approximately 270[deg.]
F. [0038] When an air/propane torch is burning, a small amount
of SG Gas is introduced into the air mixing chamber of a lit
propane torch, a single uniform flame cone becomes visible
demonstrating a more efficient conversion of hydrocarbon and
more heat from combustion of hydrocarbon, meaning it has a use
as a fuel extender. One use is injection of SG Gas into an air
intake of a combustion engine thereby reducing harmful exhaust
emissions and increasing fue! efficiency. A by-product of this
process is the creation of water during the combustion cycle
that generates steam. The steam causes an increase in the torque
generated by the engine resulting in greater power output.
Depending upon the type of fuel, SG Gas extends fuel efficiency
by a factor between 2 and 10.
When ignited purified gas contacts another substance, melting
occurs within a short period of time, usually less than one
minute. The results of some examples of substances exposed to
ignited purified SG Gas may be found in Table 1.
Table 1: Effect of Ignited Purified Gas on Various Substances
In lieu of melting a substrate, ignited purified gas may be
applied to a substrate with a view toward capturing the
generated heat as a useful product. The heat generated can be
transferred to a substance such as air or water, thereby
producing hot air or steam that can then be used industrially,
such as for example to drive a turbine or piston-type engine for
production of mechanical energy. In a preferred method, the
flame of the SG gas can be applied to a substrate in conduit
form having an inside surface and an outside surface. A
substance such as forced air or water can flow thorough the
conduit adjacent the inside surface of the conduit. The flame of
the SG gas can be applied to the outside surface of the conduit
which causes the heat- generating reaction to occur. The heat is
then transferred to the substance flowing through the conduit,
preventing melting of the surface but creating a useful heated
fluid that can be used in further applications. An exemplary
conduit is a metal tube or pipe, such as copper tubing. It has
been further determined that SG Gas can be infused into other
substances, rendering a useful product. [0041] Candies: SG Gas
infused into melted paraffin wax and poured into a mold with a
wick will create candies that burn with lower carbon emission as
observed using a Pace 400 Four Gas Analyzer.
[00421 Fluids: The gas had an affinity for water and other
liquids including fuels but bubbled from the liquids after
reaching a saturation point. One novel use of the gas is
infusing it back into water to create ionized or polarized
water. The resulting gas-infused water creates smaller water
clusters that are believed to permit faster cellular absorption
and hydration.
In an exemplary method for infusing SG Gas into water, SG Gas is
discharged from the reaction zone into a hose with a ceramic
diffuser attached. For treating large volumes of water, a
ceramic block diffuser may be used. The diffusers are used to
reduce the size of the SG Gas bubbles to improve efficiency of
water absorption. SG Gas may also be stored under pressure, then
infused into water.
It is preferred to infuse water that has gone through a
distillation process prior to infusion of SG Gas into treated
water with less than 1 ppm TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). One may
use an absorption graph to determine time required for achieving
desired absorption of SG Gas into water. The typical rate of 30%
absorption is approximately one hour to treat 100 gallons of
water. A higher saturation of SG Gas up to 100% of total
absorption occurs with more infusion of SG Gas into water over
time. The actual time and percentage of absorption of SG Gas are
affected by the purity of water, volume of water, size of gas
bubbles, temperature and other factors.
The resulting ionized or polarized water ("SG Gas-infused
Water") clings longer to a magnet when compared to that of
regular water. Absorption over time or saturation graphs to
monitor changes in the water properties infused with SG Gas
including capacitance levels may be prepared. Figure 5 shows a
typical absorption over time graph for infusion of SG Gas into
water. Subsequently, one may measure capacitance levels in the
treated water over a time period exceeding 30 days to
demonstrate that the gas in water is stable. Other measurement:
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) dropped from a start of 0.33 ppm in
untreated distilled water to a finish of 0.17 ppm after infusion
of SG Gas into distilled water for a period of approximately 11
minutes. A Fluke 189 True RMS Multimeter was used to measure
drop in capacitance.
Storage of SG Gas in Water: The resulting polarized
water with SG Gas treatment remains stable and can be stored for
2 years or more. The actual maximum storage time has yet to be
observed but in theory, SG Gas should remain permanently stable
in the water.
[0047J Absorption: During infusion of SG Gas into
purified water, we used a Fluke 189 True RMS Multimeter to
measure drop in capacitance. The absorption over time graph is
plotted to monitor the drop in capacitance. The first
capacitance drop during initial infusion of SG Gas into a gallon
of purified water occurs within the first three minutes of
infusion. After that time, the capacitance gradually drops until
the point of maximum saturation of SG Gas is typically reached
between eight and 20 minutes depending on variables including
initial purity of water, size of gas bubbles, and volume of
water to be treated. The resulting treated or infused water is
referred herein as "SG Gas- infused Water" herein.
Other Parameters Monitored: During infusion of SG Gas
into purified water, a drop in TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)
concentration, conductivity and resistiveiy can be measured. An
appropriate measuring device is a a Control Company
Traceable(TM) #4063CC meter.
pH Test: Lab tests show that distilled water had a pH of 6.8 and
when infused with SG Gas had a pH change to 7.6.
Ice Cubes: SG Gas remains in SG Gas-infused Water or
polarized water until freezing temperatures when the SG Gas
forms a gas bubble within the ice cube itself, sometimes
producing on the surface of the ice cubes, capillary tubes where
the SG Gas escapes. [0051] Ultraviolet Light Exposure: SG
Gas-infused Water was tested for the effects of ultraviolet
light exposure. A clear spray bottle containing SG Gas- infused
Water or polarized water placed in the Florida sun for over two
years remained clear in appearance and without algae growth
which had been observed in water not infused with SG Gas under
similar conditions.
Magnets: A drop of SG Gas-infused Water clings to the
surface of a magnet longer when compared to that of untreated
water.
Many uses have been found for SG Gas-infused Water. Table 2
lists some of these uses.
TABLE 2: USES FOR SG GAS INFUSED WATER
Use in Process of Tar Sands Extraction: Conventional
water with petroleum solvents used in the separation of tar from
sand was replaced with SG Gas-infused Water. SG Gas-infused
Water was heated (no petroleum solvent added) with a sample of
tar sands in a pan to approximately 160[deg.] F. Tar was
observed separating from the sand, providing a cleaner and more
efficient process with less by-products and emissions released
from tar extraction.
Use for Improved Cleaning: For laundry, one may add
a quantity (1/3 of a gallon in a standard washing machine tub of
12 gallons for medium load and 16 gallons for large load) of SG
Gas-infused Water to the soap cycle of a top loading washing
machine and the remaining water (approximately 2/3 of a gallon)
is added to the rinse cycle. The polarized characteristic and
smaller molecular size of SG Gas-infused Water enable the
detergent and water solution to more thoroughly penetrate the
cloth fabric and remove the dirt and grime. The addition of SG
Gas-infused Water to the rinse assists in completely removing
the soap residue that may contain residual dirt from the fabric.
This process results in cleaner and stain-free laundry with less
body oil and bacteria buildup. Laundry without these SG
Gas-infused Water additives display less brilliant whites and
retain a pungent odor caused by residual bacteria living in the
fabric of the washed clothes.
Reduced Use of Emulsifiers and Surfactants: One may
dilute cleaning solutions with SG Gas-infused Water for
effective cleaning of surfaces to remove grime, oil and grease
and removal of bacteria. SG Gas-infused Water is a natural
disinfectant without harsh chemical additives. Typically, one
uses at least 1 part cleaning solution with 20 parts SG
Gas-infused Water to maintain cleaning properties.
Biological Properties
Transport, Delivery and Absorption of Nutrients: In a
controlled experiment, a standard drug metabolism test in vitro
was conducted over a period of 21 days. This comparative test
was performed on cell membrane permeability for Vitamin C
solution (L-ascorbic acid) using (1) Hank's Buffered Saline
Solution (HBSS) and (2) SG Gas-infused Water. Caco-2 cells were
used and permeability of the apical side (similar to intestine
surface) and basolateral side (similar to underneath intestinal
surface) for the separate solutions were determined. Vitamin C
quantitiation was conducted on HPLC (HP1100 equipped with PDA
detector) and Zorbax C18 reverse phase column (4.6x250mm, 5
micro) at 3OC. Test results demonstrated Vitamin C permeability
of SG Gas-infused Water was about 4 times higher than the
control counterpart. (Hu, 2008 (unpublished communication).
Results are provided in Fig. 6.
Plant Growth: In a controlled greenhouse setting, four
groups of ivy plants were watered using (1) 100% well water, (2)
mix of 1/3 mix SG Gas- infused Water and 2/3 well water, (3) mix
of 2/3 SG Gas-infused Water and 1/3 well water, and (4) 100% SG
Gas-infused Water. The ivy plants were harvested and dehydrated
to allow measurement of dry plant mass. The fourth group of 100%
SG Gas-infused Water had over 16 percent increase in mass when
compared to that the first group of well water. (Reiser, 2006
(private communication).
Fish Growth: Two home aquariums were used to hold two
respective groups of goldfish. SG Gas was bubbled into one
aquarium and the second with air for a period of thirty days. It
was observed that the goldfish in the former aquarium aerated by
SG Gas grew at least 15 percent more and the aquarium tank
remained cleaner with less algae growth.
Wound Treatment and Healing: The polarization of the SG
Gas- infused Water provides natural anti-bacterial and non-toxic
anti-infective properties that promote healing of superficial
and muiti-layer wounds and a reduction in pain perception. A
fifty-year old woman burned herself by accidentally spilling
scaiding-hot coffee onto her hand. Upon seeking medical
attention, a physician advised the patient that she may have to
undergo abridement or dead skin removal and possible skin graft
surgery. The patient washed the affected area with SG
Gas-infused, purified water and applied a medicinal ointment.
The wound was wrapped with a sterile gauze and the gauze was
moistened to keep the wound hyd rated with SG Gas-infused Water.
The patient reported an immediate and on-going lessening of pain
with the application of SG Gas-infused Water. Over the period of
ten days with repeating these treatment steps involving changing
of the moistened sterile gauze on at least a daily basis, the
site of the wound developed new skin with minimal evidence of
scaring.
Upon cessation of the treatment regime when the upper skin layer
appeared to be healed, blisters appeared on the surface of the
skin. The treatment with SG Gas-infused Water was reinitiated
and the blisters healed as well as the remaining layers of skin.
The patient experienced healing and thereby avoided debridement
of dead skin, and skin grafts. Skin Treatment: Topical
applications twice a day on each side of a male volunteer's face
in vicinity of his eyes were made. Two types of topical
solutions were preparedwith 1 % magnesium ascorbyl phosphate
(MAP), one using SG Gas-infused Water and the other using tap
water. After 21 days, the volunteer observed on the side where
SG Gas-infused Water solution was applied, a slight reduction in
the depth of fine lines around the eye and a lighting of darker
skin pigment when compared to that of the other area where the
tap water solution was applied, {Puleo of Otima Specialty
Chemical, 2008 (private communication).
Eye Relief: SG Gas-infused Water may be sprayed into the
eyes for immediate relief and lessening of redness that is
comparable to use of over- the-counter eye drops. This natural
treatment without any chemical additives, assists in hydrating
eyes and removing irritants such as dust and pollen.
Dental Care: A 50:50 solution of commercial mouth wash
was mixed with SG Gas-infused Water and a capful of this
solution was used twice a day after brushing teeth. Less plaque
buildup and stains were noted by professional dental hygienists
as compared to previous observations six months earlier when
this solution had not been used.
Molecular Structure Based on Gas Properties
!t is believed by the inventors from observing the properties of
SG Gas that the process disclosed herein results in a product
not achieved by heretofore-reported processes for the
electrolysis of water into gas.
Given the low energy reaction that created the gas and the use
of no catalysts, it is believed unlikely that any O - H bonds of
water could possibly be broken in the process used. It is known
that breaking O-H bonds requires two faradays per mole and the
process of the invention only employs 2.8 watt hours per liter,
which is about a maximum of 1.6 faradays per mole. Further, the
SG Gas resulting from the process disclosed herein is flammable
but the flame temperature of the gas is oniy about 270[deg.] F.
(132.2 [deg.] C), as compared to diatomic hydrogen gas which is
highly combustable and autoignites at 560[deg.] C. A
hydrogen/oxygen torch flame is reportedly 3200[deg.] C =
5792[deg.] F. However, the SG Gas flame easily melts metals,
which likely indicates that an oxygen is active. The gas flame
also reduces ceramics, which indicates that the hydrogen is in
an ionized state.
SG Gas has an affinity for water and other liquids including
fuels but bubbles from the liquids after reaching a saturation
point. One use of the gas disclosed herein is infusing it back
into water to create ionized or polarized water.
{0067] SG Gas is always a gas at room temperature while normal
water vapor requires energy to evaporate in great quantities.
When combusted, the gas always returns to liquid water. When
placed in a balloon, the gas initially floats the balloon but it
seeps from the balloon rather quickly indicating that the gas
has a small molecular structure.
One theory consistent with the properties heretofore observed on
SG Gas is that no bonds of H2O are broken when the process of
the invention is used, but that the combination of the electric
and magnetic forces restructure the water molecule. Gauss' Law
that states there are no monopoles in magnetism, only dipoles.
It is well known that liquid water forms hydrogen bonds with
other water molecules in order to remain in a liquid solution.
Applying Gauss' Law to hydrogen, it has polar properties that
opens up a new configuration, one in which a hydrogen can be
bound to another hydrogen and an oxygen. Upon exposure to an
electric current, the electronegative strength of the oxygen
atom is weakened, allowing a hydrogen atom to dislodge and
magnetically bond to the other hydrogen atom that is
strengthened by the magnetic field. Hence, the electric and
magnetic forces made possible a shift of a hydrogen from H - O -
H to O- H-H creating a diatomic hydrogen molecule that is single
bonded to atomic oxygen. As the exposed oxygen is a reactive
site on the gas molecule an appropriate name is
"hydroxyhydrogen". This structure predicts that the oxygen is
now active and can oxidize metals. It predicts that in the
unburned gaseous state, the increased negative charge causes
greater spacing among the gas molecules causing stability, a
lower boiling point, a lower freezing point, and a higher vapor
pressure. [0070] The inventors have conceived of a new isomer of
water - it contains the same atoms, only in a different
configuration and thus exhibits different properties from normal
water vapor. The gas does not cluster to create liquid water at
regular atmospheric temperatures and pressures as does the
molecules of normal water vapor. The gas exists in a higher
energy state, burns by itself at a low temperature, and melts
any substrates when exposed to the gas flame. The gas flame has
a uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks indicative
of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of either H2 or O2
gas contamination. Hence, we call the resulting gas (SG Gas) an
ionized gas or a plasma gas.
Now referring to Figs, 2-3 , atoms shown are shown in their
polar orientation for better understanding N meaning North Pole
and S meaning South Pole. This dictates the orbital spin or
magnetic flux. Figure 2 illustrates water prior to undergoing
the process of the invention. Figure 3 illustrates the process
and the believed effect on the aqueous fluid used.
While the magnetic field orients the atoms within the water
molecule, the collapsing field induces a charge in the opposite
direction that dislodges the opposing hydrogen bond and allows
it to bond to the other hydrogen atom in the ortho position as
depicted in Figure 3 . Ortho-hydrogen is more reactive than
para-hydrogen and produces much more energy.
This reaction changes water from a liquid cluster to an ionized
gas or plasma gas that will, when ignited, and the flame applied
to a solid substrate, melt nearly any substance. Further, when
the gas is infused into a water cluster it will bond to the
water molecules and create a much smaller cluster of a different
shape and properties allowing it to penetrate cells and hydrate
animals and plants at a substantially faster rate.
it must be clear that due to the process used herein,
electrolysis does not take place. "Electrolysis" is defined as a
"method of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds
by passing an electric current through them." Electrolysis does
not take place and no splitting of the water molecular bonds
occurs, as is demonstrated by the fact that no increase in
hydrogen or oxygen gas can be measured in the reaction zone.
This is a key differentiator from the processes that have
resulted in a gas being produced by electrolysis of water. The
gases produced by electrolysis exhibit far different properties
from SG Gas. Gases produced by electrolysis are explosive,
cannot be pressurized and are heat-producing gases on ignition.
SG Gas is herein disclosed to be an ionized gas with the
potential to oxidize or reduce any substance. On a non-oxidized
substrate, such as steel, the active oxygen within the molecule
will chemically bond to the steel bringing it immediately to its
melting temperature and releasing hydrogen, which bonds with
atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. On an oxidized substrate,
such as ceramic, the hydrogen reduces the substrate by
chemically bonding with the oxygen present within the substrate,
melting the material and releasing atomic oxygen, which then
bonds with the material. This double reaction is responsible for
producing much more heat than an ordinary oxidation reduction
reaction.
These reactions are proven on rusty steel and concrete. When
ordinary gas, such as: methane, ethane, propane, butane, or
acetylene are applied to rusty steel popping and spitting of
material occurs due to the explosive reaction of the ferrous
oxide being separated from the non-oxidized metal due to
different expansion rates. With SG Gas, this does not occur,
since oxidation and reduction are occurring at the same time and
the expansion rates are equal. On concrete when heat from an
ordinary gas is applied, the portion the flame touches will
expand and break loose from the rest of the concrete with an
explosive force and spit pieces of hot concrete outward and
leave holes in the concrete surface. Again, this does not occur
with SG Gas because it is being reduced to a liquid form before
the pressure of uneven expansion occurs.
Simply stated SG Gas is an ionized gas capable of oxidizing or
reducing almost any material without the adverse reactions
created by heat producing flames. Heat is the byproduct of
friction, in chemistry two atoms colliding together in a
reaction known as oxidation and reduction cause this friction, A
gas, referred to as a fuel, is usually a hydrocarbon that is
easily oxidized, however, the carbon is what is being oxidized
and the oxygen is being reduced meaning this is where friction
occurs and these are the items being heated. Heat given off by
these substances is refractive heat and the substances being
heated are absorbing heat or, better stated, are being bombarded
by fast moving hot gases. SG Gas may change the definition of
melting point due to the lack of heat producing flames.