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Marcel MEREDIEU
Electric Generator
Alleging a very powerful ambient energy absorber/battery system : FR667647A -- Amplificateur de courants électriques ( 1929 ). The patent claims that ambient EM fields produce back-EMF. The device harvests ambient energy with a modified Ruhmkorff coil; both primary and secondary are 5 mm wire, 50:1 turns ( very large/thick/heavy ), claimed to step up both the current and voltage. The primary ( 50 turns ) is wound on the core; the secondary ( 1000 turns ) is wound over it in two sections ( 500 turns each ). Meredieu claims that beyond the inducing flux, the current received by a coil depends on wire diameter. For example:1 mm ( ~18 gauge ) wire cannot absorb more than 100 milliamps; 3 mm ( ~8-9 gauge ) can absorb 500 mA; 5 mm ( ~4 gauge, 5.19 mm, 65-85 A ) wire produces 3 Amps, supposing an energy density of 2 kWh per kg. [ Debunked by r/Telsa at reddit.com/r/Tesla/comments/d=sad5k0/new_principle_of_induction_dependent_on_conductor_cross_section..., and verified by Electro Plasma Reactor channel @ YouTube... ( Kinda reminds me of the newman Motor too ) :
https://youtu.be/q3yijGqZnZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3yijGqZnZA
Brevetto FR667647 - Test 1
Electro Plasma Reactor Channel
In this first test of patent FR667647 we will see how overunity can be obtained from a step-up transformer, increasing the section of the high voltage winding, the secondary one, with which we will power a resistive load (which was unsuspected and considered impossible). We will also see (which is extremely interesting), how by varying the 3 parameters of the primary PWM wave (amplitude, frequency, duty cycle), we vary the COP of the circuit.
Happy viewing, always safe and with an open mind!
Until next time!!!
https://youtu.be/pp7GZuUhECs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pp7GZuUhECs
Brevetto FR667647 - Analisi
FR633752A
New Electric Generator
[ PDF ]
The present invention relates to: a new electric generator capable of supplying energy at all voltages, under conditions of practicality and economy unknown to date.
The new method recommended proceeds in principle from the known theory of so-called "electro-chemical" generators, that is to say those whose energy is said to be generated by chemical reactions. But it differs essentially in that the classic chain of conductors: copper, acidulated water, zinc, is replaced by the simpler chain: copper, water, zinc.
This battery will lend itself to many new applications. Whatever the real causes of electrical energy, experience proves that a positive electrode (copper or carbon) sheathed in a bag of carbon powder simply soaked in water and then introduced, in full contact, into the interior of a zinc cylinder forming a negative electrode gives an electromotive force of which here is the power figure for a tiny element of o.04 height by o.02 m. diameter:
Voltage: 1.9 volts.
Intensity: 1.5 amperes for one.
Internal resistance: 0.8 ohm.
However, the constancy of this force is combated by a sort of relaxation, of a roughly uniform rhythm, which weakens the initial tension by approximately 1/50 volt per hour, and which seems synchronously linked to the drying rhythm of the charcoal powder, since, at any moment, it is sufficient to re-soak the sachet, to immediately raise the tension to its maximum level of 1.2 volts.
This relaxation, which does not present the same symptoms as polarization, can be explained by an incessant modification of the contacts between electrodes, parallel to the incessant drying of the soaked carbon powder.
If we now compare this new battery to the old ones, its advantages are revealed in the eloquence of the figures. In fact, an old battery, of the same dimensions as the previous one, gives the following values:
Voltage: 1.5 volts. Intensity: 1.8 amps for one. Internal resistance: 0.8 ohm. , i.e. a "useful" electromotive force, barely superior, and on the other hand, afflicted with insurmountable disadvantages, such as:
1., The high price of exciter liquids, depolarizers and especially zinc, the combustion of which is so rapid that the electrochemical kilowatt is rated at least 60 times more expensive than the electromechanical kilowatt, although the battery is considered a generator of excellent efficiency.
2. Absolute impossibility of constructing powerful batteries below certain practically prohibitive volume and weight limits (for vehicles, for example!).
3° Detestable, not to say dangerous, handling of acids, salts, crystallizations, climbing salts, fetid and corrosive emanations, etc. so that the old battery is now considered a luxury electromotive source, practically unsuitable for all ordinary uses of so-called "electromechanical" energy and whose usefulness is limited to the technical speculations of electrochemistry and a few rare applications, such as: telegraphy, telephony, electric bells, etc.
The present discovery remedies these serious defects, allowing the construction of batteries which are at the same time tiny, light, convenient, odorless, and essentially economical (zinc decomposition being 50 times slower with pure water than with acidulated water).
An example: it is proven that a tiny cubic container of 0.03 m. on a side, with an average weight of 15 kilos, fully charged, contains 550 complete elements giving the following electromotive power: Voltage: 660 volts. Intensity: 1.5 amps for one. Internal resistance: 10 ohms. force which degrades by only 12 volts per hour, leaves a margin of "useful force" largely sufficient to drive a 10 HP motor at 1500 revolutions, for 30 hours minimum, force almost free and renewable at any time by a simple re-immersion of the carbon bags (operable in a few minutes).
Such a device, so convenient, so powerful and so economical, cannot fail to be for world industry, a very valuable instrument by its numerous applications: in electric lighting and heating, In motive power for all modes of mechanical locomotion and navigation; and generally in all industrial and agricultural operations.
The attached drawing shows:
Fig. 1: A, a positive electrode, consisting of a copper strip pierced with B, a rectangular notch and sheathed in C, a bag of carbon powder,
Fig. 2: D, a negative electrode, consisting of a zinc strip shaped into a cylindrical shape, with E, its contact antenna, made of zinc, and FF', its 2 rings also made of zinc, intended to fix the said cylinder on Fig. 3 and: G, G', its support board made of fiber or other insulating material, seen in its 2 planes (elevation and projection);
Fig. 5 : H, a so-called "collector" rod passing through the positive blades by their notches B and carrying suitably spaced, I, 1', I", copper contact rings,
Fig. 6, vertical plan of a complete element, that is to say with the bag inserted in full contact inside its zinc cylinder,
Fig. 7, vertical plan of a row of 6 positive bags 70 suspended from their collector, above
Fig. 8, a row of 6 negative zinc cylinders, fixed on their fiber support board, elevation view, 7
Fig. 9, vertical plan of a battery of 4 rows of 8 elements each, mounted with their "collectors" J, J' and their current-taking terminals (-f- and—),
Fig. 10, the same battery seen in projection,
Fig. 11 : K, any capstan, carrying L, L', L", several windings of fine cable 85, terminated by snap hooks allowing the "collectors" to be gradually and imperceptibly lifted and thus extracted, without jolts or difficulty, the bags from their cylinders, with a view to re-soaking them. It is worth noting that complete drying of the bags must be avoided, because it produces a slight oxidation of the zinc which tends to weld the electrodes together and make it more difficult to extract the bags from their cylinders.
1 Total elimination, in the batteries, of exciting liquids, depolarizers, all acids and salts, as well as porous and insulating vessels;
2° No more immersion of the electrodes in a liquid, nor intercalation between the electrodes of the dry batteries, of any materials soaked in acidulated liquid;
3° Simple imbibition in pure water of the io positive bags of carbon powder and arrangement of said bags inside the negative zinc cylinders, with close contact; "
4° Grouping of all the positives of the same row, using a rod called a "collector"
5 Grouping of all the negatives of a battery on a board (by level) made of insulating fiber (or other insulator);
6° Substitution of wires, hooks, ordinary electrode connection blades, contact antennas on the negatives and contact rings on the collectors;
7° Optional use of a suitable capstan to lift the “collectors” and extract the bags from their cylinders, without jolts or shocks.
FR667647A
Amplificateur de courants électriques
1929-10-18
[ PDF ]
The present invention relates to a new electric induction machine which automatically generates an induced current more powerful than the inducing current.
5 At first glance, such an achievement seems to invalidate the classical theory of conservation of energy, arbitrarily condensed into this banal formula: "It is impossible to create energy."
But, in reality, the most recent scientific interpretations of this theory lead to a much less exclusive and very conditional conclusion, which is expressed as follows: "If a material system does not provide or borrow anything from the external environment, its energy is invariable."
The recommended machine does not create energy.
It does not even perform a proper multiplication of the inductor current.
It is limited to capturing in space a sum of energy called "induced" greater than that expended by the inductor.
It borrows more from the external environment than it provides.
To design and implement the present invention, it was first necessary to find a new interpretation of the poorly understood phenomenon of electrical induction.
The statement of this interpretation is necessary to define exactly the essential characteristics of the invention, in an intelligible manner, namely:
The inducing flow, coming from any source (battery, accumulator, etc.) pushes back the ambient environment, as would the centrifugal force of a rotating flywheel.
The induced flow (or, to put it better, the reflux) coming from the external environment, reveals the immense energy put into play, during the oscillations of the spatial fluidic mass returning to its normal equilibrium.
It is similar to the centripetal force of the air, caused by the rotation of a steering wheel.
The induced energy (qualified as centripetal) is always more powerful than that (qualified as centrifugal) or inductive which is the disturbing cause of the spatial equilibrium.
The power of the induced current (captured in space) is in direct proportion to the sensitivity of the receiving instrument and its electrical capacity.
The current induction coil, formed of two independent and close circuits (primary and secondary) includes a convenient and very sensitive receiver which is the secondary or “induced” circuit.
The electrical capacity of said receiver depends on two factors: voltage and intensity; the increase in voltage being directly proportional to the number of induced turns, a multiple of that of the inducing turns (which is known), and essentially, the simultaneous increase in intensity being directly proportional to the sectional area of the induced conductor, independently of the power of the inducing flux and the caliber of the primary conductor (which was unsuspected).
A very simple comparison can give a fairly accurate idea of the principle of the apparent multiplication of power achieved by the present device:
It is to imagine any material system K), of very large mass, placed in a very unstable equilibrium and likely to be overturned by the intervention of a very minimal mass.
There is not, strictly speaking, a direct multiplication of the power of the small disturbing mass, but a new means of recovering an amplified power, due to the movement of a large mass.
Another example: A weak induction spark shakes space and induces at great distances, numerous and powerful devices, previously independent of the disturbing device.
In a word: small cause, large and multiple effects; such is the fundamental idea of the present discovery.
All current induction machines (dynamos, alternators, transformers, Ruhmkorff coils, etc.) are considered as simple transformers of energy (work into heat, electricity, low voltage into high voltage, etc., and vice versa).
In fact, the present discovery demonstrates that the inductive flux and the induced flux are two opposite forms of energy (one centrifugal, the other centripetal) and that the induction coil properly understood is not a simple transformer, but a marvelous multiplier of energy.
The remarkable power of the flashover spark fully confirms this theory and proves that the induced (centripetal) flux is always more energetic than the inducing (centrifugal) flux.
The present device, in accordance with this theoretical conclusion, is essentially characterized by the use, in the induction coil, of a large secondary wire, that is to say an induced conductor with a cross-sectional area calculated with a view to increasing the intensity (parallel to the voltage) of the transformed current, and not to achieve one at the expense of the other, as required by the so-called "transformation" ratio currently applied to Eumannkorff coils.
To obtain, with the aid of a low battery current, the lighting of lamps (110 volts) which require an effective intensity of 0.5 amperes, it would be advisable to use a secondary wire 1 millimeter in diameter (0.001%) which could not deliver more than 0.1 effective ampere.
The desired result is achieved with a secondary wire of 0.003% diameter, or larger, which can deliver more than 0.5 effective amperes.
In fact, each cross-sectional area of the induced conductor corresponds to an intrinsic capacity that the spatial (centripetal) flow fills at each break in the inductor circuit, whatever the intrinsic power of the inductor flow and the cross-sectional area of the primary conductor.
The present invention lends itself to numerous industrial applications. It is of interest in all cases where electric current is generally used: lighting, heating, motive power, electrochemistry, electrometallurgy, etc.
It also makes it possible to apply the electric motor very economically to all mechanical locomotion, navigation and aero-navigation machines, which constitutes a formidable industrial progress.
The attached drawings (which are only an example of the execution of the present invention) represent a small typical machine for single-phase current with approximately 20 periods, with an effective power of 300 watts, supplied by a small 6 volt 5 amp battery (i.e. an average power of 30 watts, i.e. a multiplication by 10 which can be increased further.)
The same principle applied to a system of 3 identical machines, suitably combined and controlled by a single suitable rotary switch, makes it possible to produce three-phase at 50 or 60 periods (identical to the three-phase of alternators) with greater convenience and very great economy.
On this new principle, there is no inaccessible power.
The required power depends only on the dimensions of the machine.
The annexed plans are only schematic, they appear:
Fig. 1 and the inducing organ in longitudinal and transverse views.
Fig. 3 and 4, the induced organ, seen in the same planes.
Fig. 5 and 6, the entire device connected to its power supply battery, seen in vertical projection.
7. and 8, the same set, seen in horizontal elevation.
In detail: Fig. 1 and 2,
A, inductor core (in bars or sheets of soft iron insulated between them to reduce eddy currents) 1 m. 10 length by 0.06 cm diameter.
B, the envelope of this core in wood fiber or other insulating material.
C, the primary conductor, formed by a covered copper wire of 0.005% diameter, wound in 50 equidistant turns,5 around the envelope of the core and connected by its two ends to the two terminals of the power supply battery, a switch being intercalated in this inductor circuit.
Fig. 3 and 3D, a coil of any material (wood or cardboard, etc.) provided with cheeks, like ordinary coils and pierced in its center with a cylindrical cavity of 0 m. 08 in diameter where the inductor slides as in a sheath.
E, the secondary conductor, formed by a covered copper wire, 0.005% in diameter (like the primary wire) or more, if it is desired to further increase the effective intensity of the induced current generated, said conductor wound in 1000 turns around the coil D (to obtain a voltage of 110 volts) or a greater number of turns for a higher voltage.
(It should be emphasized that the power of this induction coil is all the greater as the induced turns are closer to the center of the inductor core and that there is an advantage in using long coils carrying only 4 or 5 layers of turns, rather than short coils carrying a greater number of layers. )
In the drawing device, the coil is 1.10 m long. It carries 6 layers of wire turns of 0.005% diameter, 55, that is to say approximately 100 turns against 50 for the inductor, which allows with a 5 volt 6 amp battery, to reach a voltage! effective of 110 volts and simultaneously an effective intensity of approximately 3 amps, figures calculated to produce the electric lighting of around ten lamps (110 volts-32 candles).
F, the automatic switch forms a vibrator identical to that of the Kuhmkorff machines, or any other capable of ensuring the greatest speed of the breaks of the inductor circuit, because the power of the induced current depends partially on the speed of these breaks.
G, the power cell formed of 7 dichromate or other electrolyte cells (preferably high flow) capable of giving approximately 6 volts-5 amps.
H, the support terminal of the contact screw5 (platinum-plated) which sends the current to the vibrator and through it to the primary circuit.
I, the 2 connection terminals of the use wire where the single-phase induced currents are propagated at approximately 20 periods.
K, the base-support of the coil, capable of containing inside its walls a tin foil capacitor, in order to regulate the flow of the battery.
The need to limit the number of turns of the armature to 5 or 6 layers, requires the coil to be lengthened, if it is necessary to increase the number of these turns to raise the voltage of the induced current, but it does not absolutely control the shape of the coil.
The core may be, at will, straight, or curved in the shape of an eye or sinuous in the shape of an S, provided that, as a whole, it forms a unique inductive field.
From all the above, it follows that the induction coil, thus understood, presents a new, essential and extremely important faculty: that of raising, at will, the intensity of the inductive current, without any damage to the voltage, because the use of a large secondary conductor cannot exclude the possibility of multiplying, at will, the turns of this conductor and of reaching, as previously, the highest voltages.
The essential characteristics of the invention are:
1° The new application to practical generators of industrial electricity of the principle of induction by primary current (that is to say of the very principle of the induction coil).
2° The substitution of the classic ratio called “transformation”, currently applied to transformers, with a new ratio called “multiplication”, based on: a. For the voltage, on the known proportion of the number of inducing and induced turns;. For the intensity, essentially on the cross-sectional area of the secondary conductor, independently of the power of the inductor current and the rating of the primary, said intensity being directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the secondary.
3° Association in an indefinite number, on the same inductor core (of any shape), of coils of all shapes; and coupling of the said coils, at will, in series, single-phase or compound (on separate magnetic amps), with a view to producing all alternating currents, single-phase or polyphase (which it remains optional to rectify as previously).