In this special experimental presentation, Dr. Kiril
Chukanov demonstrates his "Angelina IV" prototype generating
& maintaining a stable ball-lightning plasmoid, which he
claims can be used to manipulate and extract significant amounts
of Zero Point Energy. Chukanov's research continues to attract
interest from a number of energy-organizations such as the DOE,
making this latest video something you won't want to miss!
Dr. Chukanov states: "This prototype features a wide
range of instrumental measurements and complex automation.
The core of the generator contains the ball lightning, while
circuitry and measuring instruments monitor power
consumption, emission of heat and the energy given off by
the ball lightning. The energetic potential of the ball
lightning is so enormous that the energy given off by the
quantum plasma macro-object can exceed the energy supplied
several times fold. The output energy is adjusted to
maintain the integrity and stability of the ball lightning,
while the excess energy ("free energy") will be used for any
practical purpose. Estimations based on rough calculations
show that the energy given off is approximately 500% in
excess of the energy supplied. This power is expressed in
terms of high-energy photons and heat emitted by the
macro-object." -- Dr. Kiril Chukanov
While skeptics have questioned the accuracy of Chukanov's
measurements, some have also suggested that he may have
inadvertently perfected the dream of the Farnsworth Fusor -- a
stable, inertial-electrostatic confinement fusion generator,
an idea which in itself merits further attention to this
groundbreaking research.
Video Link:
http://www.enterprisemission.com/files/Chukanov-Ball-Lightning-340kbps.wmv
Format: WinMedia 10 (6.67mb)
Run Time: 2 minutes, 32 seconds
Interview: "Lightning
in a Bottle" (PDF)
--- http://www.americanantigravity.com/articles/107/1/
United States Patent 5,537,009
Kiril Chukanov
( July 16, 1996 )
Transition of a Substance to a New State
through Use of Energizer such as RF energy
Abstract ~
A material such as a gas at an initial pressure below
atmospheric is treated with RF energy at a frequency greater
than 1 MHz to transition to a glow discharge state and then at
increased pressure to a new state at which the average
internal temperature is at least an order of magnitude higher
than in the glow discharge state but the rate or radiating
heat is at least an order of magnitude lower than in the glow
discharge state. The new state can be maintained for a period
of the order of at least tens of seconds and energy can be
extracted through contacting the gas in the new state with a
heat conducting body. In variations, the gas pressure need not
be below atmospheric, materials in liquid and solid phases can
be used in place of the gas, and energizers other than RF
energy can be used, such as high-voltage discharges and
high-energy particle beams.
Inventors: Chukanov; Kiril B. (1333 Gough St., 7E, San
Francisco, CA 94109)
Current U.S. Class: 315/248; 315/110; 315/362
Intern'l Class: H05B 041/16
Field of Search: 315/108-110,111.01,111.91,363,248
250/288
U.S. Patent Documents
4,019,091 Apr., 1977 Schoenmakers 315/110.
4,598,231 Jul., 1986 Matsuda 315/111.
4,912,324 Mar., 1990 Clark 250/288.
Other References
Horiuchi, R., et al., "Three-Dimensional Self-Organization of
a Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma," Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (2),
211-213 (1985).
King, M. B., "Macroscopic Vacuum Polarization," Proceedings of
the Tesla Centennial Symposium, International Tesla Society,
Colorado Springs, pp. 99-107 (1984).
Boyer, T. H., "Random Electrodynamics: The Theory of Classical
Electrodynamics with Classical Electromagnetic Zero-point
Radiation," Phys. Rev. D11, No. 4 790-808 (1975).
Senitzky, I. R., "Radiation-Reaction and Vacuum Field Effects
in Heisenberg-Picture Quantum Electrodynamics," Phys. Rev.
Lett. 31 (15) 955-958 (1973).
Johnson, P. O., "Ball Lightning and Self-Containing
Electromagnetic Fields," Am. J. Phys. 33, pp. 119-123 (1965).
Singer, S., "The Nature of Ball Lightning," Plenum Press, NY
(1971).
King, M. B., "Tapping the Zero-Point Energy," 1989, pp. 7-10
(Paraclete Publishing, P.O. Box 859, Provo, UT 84603).
Secor, H. W., "The Tesla High Frequency Oscillator,"
Electrical Experimenter 3, pp. 614, 615 and 663 (1916).
Puthoff, H. E., "Gravity as a Zero-Point Fluctuation Force,"
Phys. Rev. A 39(5), pp. 2333-2342 (1989).
Claims
I claim:
1. A method comprising:
subjecting a gas which is at a selected pressure to RF energy
which is at a frequency greater than 1 MHz to cause a
transition of the gas to a glow discharge state in which the
electron-free positive ions of the gas are above a selected
boundary R.sub.k,p =(2)(10.sup.-16)/E, where R is the distance
in cm in space between adjacent ones of the electron-free
positive ions and E is the energy in Erg of an electron-free
positive ion;
increasing the gas pressure while continuing to subject the
gas to RF energy which is at a frequency above 1 MHz to
transition the gas to a new state in which a sufficient number
of the electron-free positive ions are below the boundary
R.sub.k,p to thereby substantially increase the average
internal temperature of the gas; and
maintaining said new state of the gas for a period of the
order of at least tens of seconds.
2. A method comprising:
subjecting a gas which is at a selected initial pressure to
RF energy which is at a frequency greater than 1 MHz to cause
a transition of a gas region to a glow discharge state;
increasing the gas pressure while continuing to subject the
gas to RF energy which is at a frequency above 1 MHz, to cause
a transition, generally at the same gas region, to a new state
at which the average internal temperature of the region is at
least an order of magnitude higher than in the glow discharge
state but the RF energy delivered to the gas is not
substantially higher than that used to maintain the glow
discharge state; and
maintaining said new state of the gas for a period of the
order of at least tens of seconds.
3. A method as in claim 2 in which said initial pressure is
of the order of 10.sup.-1 mbar and said increasing step
increases the pressure to the range of about 20-100 mbar.
4. A method as in claim 3 in which the RF energy is at a
frequency of about 27.12 MHz.
5. A method as in claim 4 including the step of extracting
heat energy transferred from the gas in said new state to a
heat conducting object contacted by the gas which is in the
new state.
6. A method comprising:
generating a glow discharge at the free end of a waveguide in
a vacuum vessel containing a gas at an initial pressure below
atmospheric by feeding RF energy at a frequency above about 1
MHz to said waveguide;
increasing the gas pressure in the vacuum vessel while
maintaining said feeding of RF energy at a frequency above
about 1 MHz to said waveguide until the glow discharge
transitions to a new state in which the average internal
temperature of the gas at the free end of the waveguide is at
least an order of magnitude higher than that of the glow
discharge; and
maintaining said new state of the gas for a period of the
order of at least tens of seconds.
7. A method as in claim 6 in which said initial pressure is
of the order of 10.sup.-1 mbar and said increasing step
increases the pressure to the range of about 20-100 mbar.
8. A method as in claim 7 in which the RF energy is at a
frequency of about 27.12 MHz.
9. A method as in claim 8 including the step of extracting
heat energy transferred by the gas in said new state to the
waveguide by contact between the waveguide and the gas in the
new state.
10. A method as in claim 6 in which when the gas is in the
glow discharge state the electron-free positive ions of the
gas are above a selected boundary R.sub.k,p
=(2)(10.sup.-16)/E, where R is the distance in cm in space
between adjacent ones of the electron-free positive ions and E
is the energy in Erg of an electron-free positive ion, but
when the gas is in said new state a sufficient number of the
electron-free positive ions are below the boundary R.sub.k,p
to substantially increase the average internal temperature of
the gas.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is in the field of treating a substance such as
a gas with an energizer such as RF energy to change its state
and specifically pertains to the use of RF energy to
transition a gas under controlled conditions to a new state.
It is known that gas can be treated with energy such as RF
energy to heat or ionize the gas, and effects such as glow
discharge and transitioning to plasma states are known. While
a special form of lightning called ball lightning appears to
have some of the characteristics of gas plasma it also has
other characteristics that appear to be different from those
of the known gas plasmas and appear to contradict some
accepted principles of physics. For example, it is reported
that a naturally occurring ball in the form of a glowing
fireball has been observed to last for many seconds, to
persist in a shielded environment and to have other unusual
properties. See, e.g.: Johnson, P. O., "Ball Lightning and
Self Containing Electromagnetic Fields," Am. J. Phys. 33, 119
(1965); Singer, S., "The Nature of Ball Lightning," Plenum
Press, New York (1971); King, M. B., "Tapping the Zero-Point
Energy," 1989, pp. 7-10 (Paraclette Publishing, P. O. Box 859,
Provo, UT 84603); and Secor, H. W., "The Tesla High Frequency
Oscillator," Electrical Experimenter 3, 615 (1916). Some
publications discuss energy relationships that may be relevant
to some ball lightning characteristics. See, e.g.: Puthoff, H.
E., "Gravity as a Zero-Point Fluctuation Force," Phys. Rev.
A39(5), 2333 (1989); Hirichi, R. et al., "Three-Dimensional
Self-Organization of a Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma," Phys. Rev.
Lett. 55 (2), 211-213 (1985); King, M. B., "Macroscopic Vacuum
Polarization," Proceedings of the Tesla Centennial Symposium,
International Tesla Society, Colorado Springs, pp. 99-107
(1984); Boyer, T. H., "Random Electrodynamics: The Theory of
Classical Electrodynamics with Classical Electromagnetic
Zero-point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D11, No. 4. 790 (1975); and
Senitzky, I. R., "Radiation-Reaction and Vacuum Field Effects
in Heisenberg-Picture Quantum Electrodynamics," Phys. Rev.
Lett. 31 (15) 955 (1973).
While there has been a significant interest in ball
lightning, it is believed that significant aspects of the
nature and characteristics of the phenomenon have remained
largely unexplained by accepted principles of physics and that
no effective way had been found to reliably reproduce at least
some of the unique effects of the phenomenon. The invention is
directed to this perceived need to reproduce some of these
effects and exploit them.
In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the invention,
at least some of the effects of the ball lightning phenomenon
are created by generating a glow discharge at the free end of
a waveguide in a vacuum vessel containing a gas at an initial
pressure below atmospheric by feeding RF energy at a frequency
above about 1 MHz to said waveguide, then gradually increasing
the gas pressure while continuing to feed the same RF energy
to the waveguide until the glow discharge transitions to a new
state in which the average internal temperature of the gas at
the free end of the waveguide is at least an order of
magnitude higher than that of the glow discharge, and
maintaining that new state of the gas for a period of the
order of at least tens of seconds. The initial gas pressure
can be of the order of 10.sup.-1 mbar; it is increased
gradually to the range of about 20-100 mbar and preferably
20-40 mbar. The RF energy can be at about 27.12 MHz.
It is believed that the process involves causing the gas
first to transition to a glow discharge state in which the
electron-free positive ions of the gas are above the boundary
R.sub.k,p =(2)(10.sup.-16)/E, where R.sub.k,p is the spacial
distance in cm between adjacent electron-free positive ions in
the gas which is in the glow discharge state and E is the
energy in Erg of an electron-free positive ion, and then
causing the gas to transition to a new state in which a
sufficient number of the electron-free positive ions are below
the boundary R.sub.k,p to substantially increase the average
internal temperature of the gas, and then maintaining that new
state for a period of the order of at least tens of seconds.
While this is the explanation of the phenomenon in which the
inventor believes, it may turn out that a different theory of
operation is more accurate or is the only accurate theory.
However, the invention disclosed and claimed herein is not
limited to or by any particular theory of operation but is
defined only by the scope of the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is partly a sectional view and partly a block
diagram illustrating an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows graphs useful is setting forth an
explanation of the phenomenon taking place in the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIG. 1, a double wall vacuum vessel 10 of a
material such as quartz glass is connected via a conduit 12 to
a vacuum pump and control unit 16 through a vacuum valve 14 so
that the gas pressure in the interior of vessel 10 can be
brought down to and kept at a desired point in the range of
about 10.sup.-1 -10.sup.2 mbar (millibar). Water or some other
heat transferring fluid from a source 18 passes through a
conduit 20 controlled by a valve 22, flows through the space
between the two walls of vessel 10, exits through a conduit 24
controlled by a valve 26 and enters a utilization device 28
such as a heat exchange water heater. A waveguide 30 extends
axially into vessel 10 such that its free end is about
two-thirds down into vessel 10. A flange 30a of waveguide 30
presses against a flange 10a of the neck 10b of vessel 10
through a gasket 32 to ensure a gas-tight fit. An antenna 34
is coupled to waveguide 30 to deliver thereto RF energy
generated by microwave generator 36 which includes an output
tube 36a delivering RF energy to a radiating strip 36b
transferring RF energy to an antenna 34. In an exemplary
sequence illustrating the invention, vacuum control 16 and
valve 14 are operated to reduce the gas pressure inside vessel
10 to about 10.sup.-1 mbar. The gas can be room air or a gas
such as hydrogen or helium. Generator 36 is turned on to
output RF energy at a frequency of about 27.12 MHz. Through
the tuned system of output tube 36a, strip 36b, antenna 34 and
waveguide 30, this RF energy is delivered to the free end of
waveguide 30 to transition the gas at a region 38 (which is
not shown to scale in FIG. 1) to a reddish-pink glow discharge
state in which an emission detector such as a
spectrophotometer (not shown) detects light emissions from the
glow discharge plasma which have distinct lines characteristic
of the gas in vessel 10. This state is maintained for a minute
or two, and then control 16 and valve 14 are operated to
gradually increase the pressure in vessel 10 until the gas at
region 38 changes to a new state in which a spectrophotometer
detects emissions which have substantially less distinct
lines, i.e., it detects essentially a continuum of light
emission frequencies. At lower pressures in vessel 20, region
38 when in the new state is typically red, and moves through
yellow and green to white as the pressure is increased to
about 40 mbar. Increasing the pressure further appears to
increase the average internal temperature of region 38. At
pressure of in the range of 100 mbar and above, it appears
that region 38 becomes so hot that it melts the equipment.
However, at pressures in the range of about 20-40 mbar, it is
possible to maintain the region 30 in the new state for long
periods, of the order of at least hours. Heat is transferred
from region 38 when in the new state to waveguide 30 through
the contact of region 38 with the free end of waveguide 30
and, moreover, heat is transferred from region 38 to gas
molecules that come in contact with it or pass through it.
Waveguide 30 is made of a heat conductive material and
radiates heat which in turn heats the internal wall of vessel
10 and the water flowing through the space between the walls
of vessel 10.
A significant jump in transfer of heat from the gas at region
38 to waveguide 30 and to the interior wall of vessel 10 and
thus to the heat-transfer liquid 11 in the space between the
walls of vessel 10, appears to take place when the gas at
region 38 transitions from the glow discharge state to the new
state. However, it appears that the only significant transfer
of heat from region 38 when in the new state, takes place by
conducting heat through the contact of the gas at region 38
with the free end of waveguide 30 and with gas molecules in
contact with or passing through region 38; little or no
transfer of heat appears to take place by radiation from
region 38 when in the new state to the walls of vessel 10 or
to liquid 11. When all relevant parameters are the same, i.e.,
power drawn from generator 36 and the flow rate of water 11
through the space between the walls of vessel 10, the heat
energy delivered by water 11 to device 28 can be approximately
doubled. It is believed that the average internal temperature
at region 38 in the new state is at least an order of
magnitude higher than that of the glow discharge state.
In one experimental arrangement, the external diameter of
vessel 10 is about 160 mm and the internal diameter about 120
mm. The space between the walls is between 10 and 20 mm, the
internal wall is about 3 mm thick and the external wall can be
the same or thinner. The axial dimension of vessel 10 is about
500 mm. The material of vessel 10 is quartz glass capable of
withstanding about 1500 degrees C. Waveguide 30 is made of a
material such as Ni--Cr steel and is a thin wall tube about 12
mm in diameter. Antenna 34 can be about 10-12 turns of copper
wire, about 2 mm thick, wound such that the antenna diameter
is about 120 mm and the axial length is about 500 mm.
Generator 36 can be vacuum tube microwave generator having an
input power rating of about 6 KW and an output rating of about
quarter that, i.e., about 2 KW.
It is believed that the gas at region 38 when in the new
state has at least some of the characteristics ascribed to the
ball lightning phenomenon. For example, it persists for
periods of the order of at least tens of seconds (in fact many
hours or perhaps indefinitely so long as the necessary
conditions are maintained), it appears to have a high internal
temperature, and it appears to transfer large amounts of heat
through contact with a heat conducting body but very little or
no heat through radiation.
While the invention is not limited to any particular
explanation of these effects or by any particular theory, the
inventor's belief is that the ball lightning effects of the
new state at region 38 are due to placing the gas at a point
state below a quantum boundary from which it spontaneously
moves back to that boundary and thereby gains energy from what
some of the physics literature cited above refers to as
zero-point energy. Referring to FIG. 2, where the vertical
axis is the spacial distance R in cm between particles such as
atoms, or ions, or atomic nuclei, or protons, as the case may
be, and the horizontal axis E is the energy of a particle in
Erg, the inventor believes that matter such as atoms which
have their normal complement of electrons conforms to the
currently accepted principles of physics when in the R-E space
which is to the right of curve R.sub.d, to the left of curve
R.sub.c and above curve R.sub.k,e, but that an atomic nucleus
stripped of the electrons of the atom, e.g. a proton, conforms
to these accepted laws of physics only when above the boundary
R.sub.k,p (and between the same left and right boundaries in
R-E space). The inventor believes that if the electrons are
stripped away from atoms to leave only the atomic nuclei,
e.g., only protons, in matter which starts out at a point in
R-E space such as point 3 in FIG. 2, the matter will
spontaneously move to the right in FIG. 2, from point 3 to the
boundary R.sub.k,p, e.g., at point 2, and to accomplish this
move will gain energy (delta E) which comes from a source that
does not conform to the currently accepted principles of
physics which cannot explain the naturally occurring ball
lightning phenomenon. The inventor believes that the equipment
and process described in connection with FIG. 1 is a species
of the process of placing nuclei stripped of their electrons
at a point in R-E space such as point 3 in FIG. 2 and
extracting therefrom energy generated spontaneously due to the
material's move to the R.sub.k,p boundary, e.g., to point 2.
The inventor believes that when the gas is at the initial low
pressure of about 10.sup.-1 mbar in vessel 10, it is at a
point in R-E space such as point 3, at which the atoms or
molecules of the gas have their electrons and their behavior
conforms to the accepted principles of physics. The RF energy
ionizes the gas in region 38 to leave some atomic nuclei free
of electrons, but initially they are above the R.sub.k,p
boundary because the spacial distance R between them is too
great. As the pressure in vessel 10 rises, the distance R
between electron-free ions decreases, and eventually
electron-free nuclei find themselves below the boundary
R.sub.k,p and spontaneously move to that boundary and in the
process generate energies (delta E). Some of this energy is
transferred as heat to waveguide 30 as well as to gas
molecules in contact with or passing through region 38.
Despite the high internal temperature of the gas in region 38
due to this gain of energy, there is little or no radiation of
heat because of the nature of the new state at region 38. In
accordance with this hypothesis, the energy gain can be
achieved when any suitable technique is used to place
electron-free positive ions at a point in R-E space such as
point 3 in FIG. 2. The inventor has conceived many embodiments
of these principles in addition to that of FIG. 1, and has
tested some of these different embodiments. It is not entirely
clear at this time which may turn out to be preferred for
particular end use, but for now the embodiment shown in FIG. 1
is considered as the preferred embodiment for building and
testing. Thus, the inventor believes that the invention is not
limited to placing gas below atmospheric pressure in the new
state in the manner described in detail above, but applies to
producing a similar new state in the case of gas at higher
pressure as well as in the case of substances in liquid or
solid phase. For example, the inventor believes that a liquid
phase substance such as liquid hydrogen can be a suitable
replacement for the gas in vessel 10, provided that an
energizer such as RF energy can concentrate enough energy per
unit volume in the desired region to ionize a sufficient
number of atoms to electron-free nuclei (protons) and maintain
that state for a sufficient period of time to form a region
similar in properties to region 38. When a substance such as
liquid hydrogen is used, the liquid itself can be used as the
heat-transfer medium and there would be no need for a separate
heat transfer medium such as liquid 11. Similarly, a solid
such as a crystal lattice of Palladium packed with positive
hydrogen ions through a process such as electrolysis, can be
used in place of the gas discussed above, in which case the
solid can be shaped in the form of an RF waveguide
concentrating RF energy at a selected region to cause the
transition of the hydrogen ions packed in the solid to a new
state such as that of the gas at region 38. In place of RF
energy, the energizer can be a high-voltage discharge or a
high-energy particle beam carrying out the same function as
the RF energy discussed above: to place and maintain a
sufficient number of electron-free ions below the barrier
R.sub.k,p to achieve the effects discussed in connection with
the gas in the new state at region 38.
WO03044806
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING
HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS OR QUANTUM ENERGY
Kiril Chukanov
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the generation and/or
production of energy, and in particular, to the generation
and/or production of high-energy photons or quantum energy
derived from the excitement of or active impact upon a quantum
macro object produced within a controlled environment.
2. Background of the Invention
The naturally occurring phenomenon known as ball lightning
remains one of the greatest mysteries in the field of
electromagnetism. Despite enormous contemporary advancements
into the micro-universe (i. e. the fundamentals of the
structure of atoms, nuclei, elementary particles, structure of
the universe, etc. ), ball lightning remains largely
undiscovered, although there has been significant interest in
this phenomenon by numerous researchers and scientists.
The nature and characteristics of ball lightning have
remained largely unexplained for several reasons. First, there
has not been found an effective way to reliably reproduce at
least some of the unique effects of the phenomenon in a
controlled and artificial environment. Second, its appearances
seem to be random (other than the fact that it appears
primarily during or after a thunderstorm), infrequent, and
very brief, thus not providing a suitable setting in which to
study this phenomenon even as it naturally occurs. In
addition, most individuals that have had occasion to observe
ball lightning have not had sufficient training in the
sciences. As a result, the origin, properties, and nature of
ball lightning still remain baffling to experts.
Although largely misunderstood, and although several have
experimented with trying to artificially recreate ball
lightning in the laboratory, due to the documented instances
where ball lightning has been observed and the events that
have taken place during these observations, many have come to
believe that this relatively small object contains a colossal
amount of potential energy.
This belief stems mostly from some of the rather impressive
and strange events that have resulted from the presence of
what was believed to be the elusive phenomenon of ball
lightning. Although there is widespread belief that ball
lightning comprises significant potential energy, trying to
reproduce ball lightning in the lab in order to research and
possibly exploit this potential source of energy has proved
all but impossible.
In the past, several attempts have been made to reproduce
ball lightning. In one instance, ball lightning is believed to
have been created by taking a material, such as a gas, at an
initial pressure below atmospheric. The gas is treated with RF
energy at a frequency greater thanI MHz to transition the gas
to a glow discharge state, and then at increased pressure to a
new state, wherein the average internal temperature is the
same or an order of magnitude higher than in the glow
discharge state, but the rate or radiating heat is at least an
order of magnitude lower than in the glow discharge state.
Energy only in the form of heat is extracted from
the"new"object through contact with a heat conducting member.
This particular method suffers in that it merely provides for
the creation of an object in a new state, without more. This
new state is believed to be ball lightning, but little is
discussed regarding the availability of energy within the"new
state"object beyond that of heat. Indeed, the new object is
said to have an internal temperature on the order of magnitude
higher than the internal temperature of the glow discharge
state and that this energy may only be extracted through the
use of a heat conducting member.
However, other than heat, no energy is realized through the
creation of the described object.
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Despite the deficiencies found within the prior art,
significant advantages would be realized from the generation
or production of energy from an object possessing similar
properties and characteristics as those believed to be found
in ball lightning. This object, referred to as a"quantum macro
object"for purposes of this description, is taught herein.
Although the object is believed to be "artificial"ball
lightning, any later significant advances made on ball
lightning that distinguish the described quantum macro object
away from ball lightning are not to be considered limiting as
it would still be advantageous to be able to generate energy
from an object possessing such unique properties and
characteristics as those found in the quantum macro object as
described and taught herein despite whether it is actually
artificially reproduced ball lightning or some other
phenomenon.
Therefore, it is an object of the preferred embodiments of
the present invention to provide a method for generating a
quantum macro object.
It is another object of the preferred embodiments of the
present invention to provide a method for generating
high-energy photon particles or quantum energy derived and
released from the potential energy found in the created
quantum macro object.
To achieve the foregoing objects, and in accordance with the
invention as embodied and broadly described herein, the
present invention features a method and system for generating
high- energy photons. These high-energy photons are believed
to be quantum energy. The quantum energy generated by the
process as taught herein is derived from a quantum macro
object, which is believed to possess similar properties and
characteristics as those of ball lightning. In particular, the
quantum macro object possesses a positively charged nucleus
having a definite and distinct boundary, and an electron cloud
directly adjacent the boundary that comprises a plurality of
quantum electrons in a quantum state, and a plurality of
free-floating electrons not associated or connected with the
quantum macro object. The quantum electrons within the quantum
macro object are believed to possess an enormous amount of
potential energy that may be converted and released as quantum
energy. The quantum energy is also believed to be a free gift
of nature and capable of being utilized in numerous practical
applications.
The method of generating high-energy photons, or quantum
energy, comprises in general: (a) isolating a gaseous
substance within a bounded area, wherein the gaseous substance
and the bounded area contain a plurality of composition
particles; (b) energizing the gaseous substance, and
particularly the particles within the gaseous substance and
the bounded area, thus causing the gaseous substance to
transition into a glow discharge plasma state, wherein the
particles are separated into their component atomic nuclei and
electron parts; (c) increasing the gas pressure within the
bounded area to transition the glow discharge plasma to a
quantum macro object, wherein the quantum macro object
comprises a positively charged nucleus and an electron cloud
surrounding the positively charged nucleus, the electron cloud
comprising a plurality of quantum electrons and a plurality of
free-floating electrons, the quantum electrons comprising
large amounts of potential energy; (d) energizing the quantum
electrons by inducing an active impact upon the quantum macro
object, wherein the quantum electrons are caused to orbit the
nucleus of the quantum macro object such that the potential
energy within the quantum electrons is converted and released
in the form of high-energy photons or quantum energy. The
bounded area is typically created by a dielectric of various
sorts, such as within a dielectric container. Moreover, the
potential energy within the quantum electrons is believed to
be a free gift of nature as a result of the combination of
atomic nuclei to form the positively charged nucleus and the
filling of quantum energy levels by the quantum electrons
associated with the nucleus of the quantum macro object.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention features a
method and system of generating quantum energy comprising: (a)
filling a dielectric container with a gaseous substance, the
dielectric container having an identified volume; (b) placing
the dielectric container within a radiation chamber; (c)
energizing the gaseous substance to transform the gaseous
substance into a plasma or glow discharge plasma state; (d)
transforming the plasma into a new state to obtain a quantum
macro object having a positively charged nucleus with a
definite and distinct boundary and an electron cloud adjacent
to and surrounding the boundary, the electron cloud containing
a plurality of electrons in a quantum state and a plurality of
free-floating electrons not associated with the quantum
object, the electron cloud contained within a dielectric
barrier created between a dielectric wall within the
dielectric container and the nucleus of the quantum macro
object; and (e) inducing an active impact upon the quantum
macro object by energizing the quantum electrons with an
electrical current, wherein the quantum electrons are caused
to accelerate in an orbital motion around the quantum macro
object, thereby radiating high-energy photons in the form of
quantum energy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects and features of the present
invention will become more fully apparent from the following
description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings
depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are,
therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the
invention will be described and explained with additional
specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying
drawings in which:
[ Figures open on a new page ]
Figure 1
illustrates a graph showing the boundaries of the ordered
world;
Figure 2
illustrates a flow diagram of the general process of
generating quantum energy according to a presently preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3
illustrates a more specific and detailed flow diagram of a
presently preferred process of generating quantum energy from
a quantum macro object, according to the present invention;
Figure 4
illustrates an initial step in one method of generating
quantum energy, specifically, filling a quartz dielectric
container with a gaseous substance;
Figure 5
illustrates another step in one method of generating quantum
energy, specifically, transforming the gaseous substance into
a glow-discharge plasma state;
Figure 6
illustrates another step in one method of generating quantum
energy, specifically, the creation of a quantum macro object
within a dielectric container as transitioned from the plasma;
Figure 7 is an
illustrative chart showing the energy levels of the quantum
electrons and the energy level where these electrons are
within a high-energy quantum state;
Figure 8
illustrates the relationship between a quantum electron and
the nucleus of the quantum macro object;
Figure 9 is a
sectional view illustrating the details of the quantum macro
object, specifically, the nucleus and the electron cloud, and
the relationship of these with the dielectric container to
produce the double electron barrier or shield;
Figure 10 illustrates
another
step
in one method of generating quantum energy, specifically,
shown is the step of inducing an active impact on the quantum
macro object, using an electromagnetic field, to excite the
electrons and to produce quantum energy;
Figure 11
illustrates another step in one method of generating quantum
energy, specifically, shown is the step of inducing an active
impact on the quantum macro object, using a current introduced
through electrodes, to excite the electrons and to produce
quantum energy;
Figure 12 is
illustrative of an alternative embodiment showing how the
quantum macro object is not required to be in spherical form;
Figure 13 is
illustrative of yet another embodiment, wherein the quantum
macro object is created within a pressure vessel; and
Figure 14 is
illustrative of an alternative embodiment of the present
invention, wherein the quantum macro object is produced in an
open, non-evacuated container.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
It will be readily understood that the components of the
present invention, as generally described and illustrated in
the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide
variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more
detailed description of the embodiments of the systems and
methods of the present invention, and represented in FiguresI
through 14, is not intended to limit the scope of the
invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of the
presently preferred embodiments of the invention.
As it is believed that the quantum macro object of the
present invention, as discussed and explained herein,
possesses similar properties and characteristics as the
naturally occurring phenomenon known as ball lightning, a
brief and general discussion of ball lightning is provided. It
should be emphasized, however, that although it is believed
that some or all of the properties and characteristics of the
quantum macro object of the present invention are similar or
identical to those of ball lightning, the inventor makes no
claims that the quantum macro object is indeed artificially
created ball lightning. The focus of the present invention is
the production and generation of high- energy photons or
quantum energy as derived and obtained from a quantum macro
object.
Therefore, whether the quantum macro object is indeed ball
lightning, or whether it is some other body, does not affect
the scope or substance of the invention as taught and
described herein.
GENERAL NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BALL LIGHTNING
Although several books and papers have been written on the
subject, there seems to be a common conception regarding the
properties and characteristics of ball lightning. Ball
lightning is generally described as a fireball or plasmid
observed as a glowing, self-luminous sphere moving slowly or
floating in the atmosphere. It is usually associated with
lightning strokes or thunderstorm activity.
Natural ball lightning has been observed to have a diameter
that typically ranges anywhere from 1 cm to several meters.
Reported observations indicate that ball lightning is a
luminous sphere as bright as a strong household fluorescent
lamp that has a steady glow or shine. However, some have
reported that the ball's luminosity pulsates. In addition,
most balls appear to have relatively uniform surface
brightness and appear to be optically thick. In general, ball
color, size, and luminosity are reported to remain constant
throughout the life of the object. The colors reported have
ranged across the entire visible spectrum; however, green and
violet are rare.
Ball lightning has been known to last from a few seconds to
greater than 150 seconds. These relatively long lifetimes are
one of the most intriguing features of ball lightning as this
may suggest that the ball possesses some inherent energy
source independent of external sources. On the other hand,
some balls have been reported to fade out quietly, while
others disappear abruptly, and occasionally with an explosion
or by breaking into small fragments. On the whole, observers
report detection of no radiant heat from the balls, even when
the ball passes by at close range.
Ball lightning further appears to have neutral buoyancy as it
is sometimes seen to descend relatively slowly through the
atmosphere before striking the ground. However, it most
frequently appears to float, sometimes hovering in one place
at a constant distance above the ground for many seconds.
Normally, the ball moves horizontally, but sometimes it moves
vertically through the air with a speed of one-tenth to
several meters per second. Ball lightning has been observed to
move against the prevailing wind. Thus, it can be deduced that
ball lightning may be acted upon by environmental conditions.
However, it has also been reported that ball lightning is
attracted to conductors and transformers, as well as moving as
a result of the positive charge on the earth's surface during
a thunderstorm, thus leading one to believe that ball
lightning carries with it a considerable electric charge.
Observers are usually unaware of any sound being emitted by
ball lightning, although most observations are made at a
significant distance from it. When it terminates, its behavior
ranges from simply phasing out of existence with barely an
audible popping sound, or no sound at all, to a sudden
termination and major explosion that can do more damage than a
hand grenade. The final disappearance of a ball is
occasionally reported to leave a slight mist or residue. An
odor variously described as resembling ozone, or sulfur, or
nitrogen dioxide is sometimes associated with ball lightning.
Despite attention by distinguished scientists over a period
of 150 years, ball lightning remains one of the greatest
mysteries of electrical activity in the atmosphere.
The majority (approximately 80%) of ball lightning appears to
be associated with thunderstorm activity and in many cases
directly after a lightning flash. In many instances, the first
appearance of the ball occurs at or close to the impact point
of a cloud-to-ground flash. A substantial number of
occurrences are observed inside buildings, submarines, or
other enclosed structures, although in some of these cases the
actual origin of the ball may be outside such structures. On
several occasions, ball lightning has been observed moving
down the aisle of a passenger airplane in flight after the
plane had been struck by lightning. A surprising occurrence
reported by many eyewitnesses is that a moving ball can
penetrate through doors, closed windows, chimneys, and other
apertures without causing material damage. Phenomena
resembling ball lightning are often reported emanating from
the funnels of tornadoes, cyclones, waterspouts, and
hurricanes. They have also been seen during earthquakes and
volcanic activity. In other words, their occurrence is in
circumstances where high electric fields would be expected to
exist.
Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this phenomenon is its
potential energy. In recent years, ball lightning has
attracted attention because many believe it to possess a
significant amount of potential energy. What this energy is,
or to what degree it exists is unknown because the total
energy and energy density of ball lightning are very difficult
to estimate accurately. Calculations are based on
observations, and particularly various effects or damage
resulting from the final disappearance or explosion of ball
lightning, followed by estimated or calculated guesses as to
the amount of energy required to produce the observed damage.
These investigations have shown that ball lightning may have a
total energy content ranging from 0.01 J to values greater
than 10 MJ. For comparison, the energy content of a hand
grenade is approximately 1 MJ. A believed characteristic value
for the energy content of ball lightning is approximately 10
to 100 J.
Estimates have been made not only of the energy content of
ball lightning but also its energy density. The data fall
along a straight line, indicating a lognormal distribution,
with a median energy of approximately 5J/cm3 and extreme
values ranging from less than10-3J/cm3 to values higher
than105 J/cm3. The very high value of the energy density at
the upper end of the distribution is significant. For example,
the energy density of TNT, which has one of the highest energy
contents of any solid explosive, is-2000J/cm3, far below the
maximum observed for ball lightning.
Ball lightning is observed to maintain an approximately
constant diameter during its entire lifetime, thus suggesting
a balance between the external atmospheric pressure and the
net kinetic pressure of the plasma/magnetic field
configuration inside the ball lightning. Because the external
pressure on ball lightning is 1 atm, this places an upper
bound on the net kinetic pressure inside the ball lightning of
no more than 105 N/m.
The observations of ball lightning suggest a plasma-related
phenomenon with significant magnetic energy potential.
Much uncertainty surrounding the existence of ball lightning,
as well as the infrequent appearances of ball lightning, has
resulted in the failure of scientists and/or physicists to
perform any in depth analysis, or to devote any serious
attention to the study of ball lightning. Moreover, although
many have tried, it is believed that no one has yet been able
to successfully artificially reproduce ball lightning in the
laboratory.
Several reasons exist for the lack of attention. First, many
believe the phenomenon to be insignificant to the point that
no one expects to realize any great benefit for humankind from
understanding the nature of ball lightning. Many believe that
the energy of ball lightning is negligible and comes form an
external source, even though some recent studies have
suggested that perhaps ball lightning does indeed contain
significant energy potential. Second, to reproduce a natural
phenomenon under controlled conditions first requires a clear
understanding of what, exactly, the natural phenomenon is. So
far, modern scientists are not clear about the nature of ball
lightning.
As explained, up to this point, observations, not
experimentation, have been the only source of information.
Further, this information is based simply on the statistical
analyses of the reported sightings of ball lightning by
members of the general public.
Despite all of this, it is believed that ball lightning does
possess significant potential energy.
In addition, it is believed that the quantum macro object of
the present invention possesses similar energy potential,
whether the quantum macro object is ball lightning or not.
Thus, what follows is a proposed model of the quantum macro
object, including its properties and characteristics as they
make possible the generation of high-energy photons or quantum
energy.
PROPOSED HYPOTHESIS OR MODEL OF THE QUANTUM MACRO OBJECT
As will be explained in greater detail below, the quantum
energy generated or produced by the method and system of the
present invention is dependent upon the creation of a quantum
macro object.
To understand the significance of the quantum macro object of
the present invention along with its unique properties and
characteristics, it is first necessary to propose and discuss
the inventor's understanding of the boundaries of the ordered
world as they currently exist, and the quantum realm that
exists outside these boundaries. Referring to Figure 1, shown
are several identified boundaries on a graph, where the
vertical axis is the spatial distance R, in cm, between
particles such as atoms, or ions, or atomic nuclei, or
protons; and the horizontal axis E is the energy of a particle
in Erg. The inventor believes that the ordered world and its
matter such as atoms, which have their normal complement of
electrons, conform to the currently accepted principles of
physics when in the R-E space, which is to the right of curve
Rd, to the left of curve Rc, and above the curve Rk,p. It is
within these boundaries that the substances and materials that
exist to make up the ordered world and the known universe are
determined and predictable. These substances are material
objects existing in three-dimensional space. Specifically,
within the area limited by the quantum boundaries Rk, p,Rd,
andEk, all of the known laws of physics, including the law of
gravity and law of conservation of energy, are strictly
observed.
On the other hand, outside of this area, or these boundaries,
such as below the boundaryRk, p, the physical face of the
world changes drastically as a result of being outside the
boundaries of the ordered world and within what may be termed
the quantum realm. In the quantum realm, the known laws of
physics are altered and unpredictable. Moreover, material
objects become two-dimensional quantum objects where it is
believed that many of the laws of physics do not apply and are
even violated, such as with the principle of conservation of
energy. For example, if gas (e. g. air) is forced to ionize
very quickly(10-6 to 10-9 seconds) and completely enough so
that the energy absorbed by the atomic nucleus is low, the
complex ionized atomic nuclei that result could lay outside
the determined area of existence of the substance. This is
explained in greater detail below.
The inventor believes that if the electrons are stripped away
from their associated atoms toleave only the atomic nuclei, e.
g. , only protons, in matter which starts out at a point in
R-E space such as point 3 in Figure 1, the matter will
spontaneously move to the right in Figure1, from point 3 to
the boundary Rk, p e. g. at point 2, and to accomplish this
move will gain energy, which comes from a source that does not
conform to currently accepted principles of physics. The
inventor believes that the method of generating quantum
energy, along with the system used to generate such energy, as
will be explained below, is dependent upon first, the process
of placing nuclei stripped of their electrons at a point in
R-E space such as point 3 in Fig.1 and extracting therefrom
the energy spontaneously generated as a result of the
material's move toward the Rk, p boundary, e. g. , to point 2,
and second, creating an outside active impact upon the quantum
macro object to cause the electrons to radiate quantum energy.
The inventor also believes that gas, as it exists within the
ordered world, is at a point in R-E space, such as point 4, at
which the atoms or molecules of the gas have their electrons
and their behavior conform to the accepted principles of
physics. As commonly known, the atoms and/or molecules of the
gas may be caused to ionize, in which some of the atomic
nuclei are left free of electrons, but these electrons are
initially above the Rk, e boundary because the spatial
distance R between them is too great. As will be explained
below, the inventor believes that the spatial distance between
the electron-free ions may be caused to be decreased, such
that the electron-free nuclei find themselves below the
boundary Rk, p, during which time they spontaneously move to
that boundary and in the process generate energy (shown in
Figure 1 as E). Although this energy is impressive, it is only
a start. The quantum macro object, through this process,
coupled with the creation of an active impact upon the quantum
macro object, will provide for the awesome generation of
quantum energy.
The quantum macro object of the present invention may be
created from the surrounding air if certain conditions are met
that allow existing electrons to fill quantum energy
levels,En, where n represents the quantum number of a
particular electron. Preferably however, the creation of the
quantum object is facilitated through the use of a plasma
generated from a gaseous substance exposed to high frequency
radiation. The high frequency field and high temperature
facilitate the release of electrons with an initial velocity
and energy of V, and El respectively. Importantly, as
conditions are met causing the various atomic nuclei to form
into a macro positively charged nucleus, the associated
electrons, because of Pauli's exclusion principle, are forced
to jump to thehighest quantum energy levels, thereby
becoming"quantum electrons. "In other words, these electrons
suddenly receive additional energy, or potential energy, that
is not derived from their immediate environment, but is a free
gift of nature. This additional potential energy may be
released or converted to quantum energy when these electrons
are acted upon by some external source. Thus, the practical
applications of being able to contain and channel this energy
are immediately apparent.
It is not possible to isolate a volume in ordinary plasma.
Plasma particles (electrons and atomic nuclei) cannot be
captured by a holding force. They diffuse unobstructed into
the surrounding atmosphere. The quantum macro object of the
present invention is a structureless nuclear component that
forms a metastable homogenous compact body with well-defined
section boundaries. The structureless nuclear component cannot
mix with the atoms of the atmosphere, which are separate and
distinguished as individuals, even though the quantum macro
object plasma can be penetrated by atmospheric atoms. The
quantum macro object is an autonomous body.
The quantum macro object is a stable body. This stability
results from the nuclear forces underlying
its"destructive"strength, as well as the balance between the
creative (nuclear) forces of attraction and the destructive
forces of repulsion (electromagnetic forces). The radius of
activity of the forces of attraction is only R < Rk, p
while the forces of repulsion are unlimited, meaning, of
course, unlimited when there is no"screen"created by particles
with opposite charges. If the quantum macro object releases
its negative charge, or only part of it, then it will be
destroyed under the electromagnetic forces of repulsion. If,
for example, one electron is isolated from each atom of 1cm3
air, and if the isolated electrons are placed at a distance
equal to 1 cm. , an enormous force of attraction between
electrons and positive ions will be created. The pressure
resulting from the repulsion force between the same electrical
charges within the charged volume will also be enormous. Thus,
it is absolutely impossible to have considerable division
between electric charges in ordinary plasma. However, this
same situation becomes a possibility with the quantum macro
object.
The quantum macro object is a material continuum with no
discrete particles. The substance of the quantum macro object
(atoms, molecules, clusters) is not neutral. Moreover, the
quantum macro object is a very good conductor of electricity.
Its contact with charged conductors initiates very powerful
emissions instantaneously. In short, the quantum macro object
is a superconductor. If a current from an external source is
induced from the exterior, it will circulate within the
quantum macro object endlessly unless there is a leak.
The most mysterious aspect of natural ball lightning is the
source of its energy. Readers who are interested in the
problem are acquainted with numerous hypotheses attempting to
explain the source of its proposed colossal energy. None,
however, can explain all of the peculiarities in ball
lightning's behavior. Some hypotheses suggest that the energy
comes from within the sphere of ball lightning-that it is
somehow stored in the form of chemical or physical energy.
However, evaluating the maximum value of the potential energy
shows that it is no higher than the energy necessary for the
complete ionization of the atoms, which is much lower than the
destructive energy unleashed by ball lightning that witnesses
have observed. A second set of hypotheses suggests that the
energy source exists outside of the sphere of ball lightning
and reaches the sphere by an electric guide or a wave-guide.
This hypothesis is also unsatisfactory. To compensate for the
losses received within the volume occupied by the ball
lightning requires that the wave-guide or current channel
possess enormous energy-about 100Wt/cm2.
Like ball lightning, the quantum macro object of the present
invention also is believed to possess enormous energy
potential. The quantum macro object, because of the quick and
complete ionization of its atoms, appears to be below the
bottom quantum boundary Rk, p (point 3 in Figure I).
In this state, it is"hidden, "undetermined. It has no contact
with the surrounding, determined world and remains unnoticed.
To escape its isolation and at the same time to preserve the
density of its substance (R = R3) unchanged, the quantum macro
object appears on the bottom boundary Rk, change either. The
quantum macro object nucleus is"closed to the inside,
"therefore, no macro- material formation can penetrate through
the quantum surface.
When observing the quantum macro object experimentally, the
macro nucleus and the electron cloud are perfectly visible and
distinguished from one another. In several of these
experiments (using a quartz dielectric container and air as
the gaseous substance), the color of the electron cloud was
orange. The nucleus was observed as having a sharp spherical
boundary between the orange-colored electron cloud and the
volume of gas closed by this quantum boundary. Using various
levels of input power, the quantum macro object may become
transparent. In this state, the quantum macro object radiates
a lot of heat, but no shining plasma formations are visible in
its volume. This experiment provides a very good visual
illustration of the two-dimensional structure of the nucleus
of the quantum macro object.
The nucleus of the quantum macro object is also impermeable
to electrical current. In one experiment, a rather weak high
voltage current (in some experiments: U = 15,000 volts, I =
0.01 amps) was used to create an arc discharge between two
electrodes. Instead of penetrating the nucleus and taking the
shortest route between two points (the electrodes), the
electrical current traveled around the nucleus of the quantum
macro object, thus sort of"sliding"along the surface of the
nucleus.
Several experiments have led the inventor to formulate many
beliefs about the quantum macro object. First, the quantum
macro object is a giant macro atom composed of a two-
dimensional quantum nucleonic nucleus and a three-dimensional
electronic shelf. Second, the quantum macro object is an
unusual material object behaving much like a material point in
space.
On the quantum surface of this two-dimensional material body,
there are no differentiated points or areas. Third, the
nucleus of the quantum macro object is a closed
two-dimensional material formation, which can be deformed
without changing the volume of the surface. Fourth, it is not
possible to create the quantum macro object between two closed
surfaces (like ordinary plasma).
Fifth, the surface of the nucleus of the quantum macro object
is much like a mirror in which every particle can see its
counterpart.
The quantum macro object as a source of energy has
overwhelming advantages. It is believed that it will produce
quantities of very cheap energy, may be used to construct very
powerful electron accelerators, require no burning of fossil
fuels, create no waste products, create no environmental
hazards, be safe to use, and be technically simple to
manufacture, maintain, and adapt to commercial and household
use.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING A QUANTUM MACRO OBJECT
AND QUANTUM ENERGY THEREFROM
The presently preferred embodiments of the invention will be
best understood by reference to the drawings wherein like
parts are designated by like numerals throughout.
The present invention comprises methods and systems for
generating quantum energy from a quantum macro object.
Primarily, the methods of generating this quantum energy will
be discussed in detail below, with the actual physical devices
and systems used to carry out the steps of the present
invention discussed to a lesser extent.
Simply stated, the method of generating quantum energy
according to the present invention is dependent upon two major
steps, the first being the creation of a quantum macro object,
wherein the quantum macro object possesses certain
characteristics and properties capable of being acted upon to
produce quantum energy; and the second being the creation of
an active impact upon the quantum macro object to facilitate
the conversion of the potential energy within the quantum
macro object into useable kinetic energy in the form of
high-energy photon particles or quantum energy.
Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the general steps required
to generate quantum energy using any embodiment. Specifically,
Figure 2 shows step 50, that of supplying a plurality of
electrons to a
bounded area. This may be accomplished by using a closed
dielectric container and supplying a gaseous substance within
the dielectric container; by using an open dielectric
container in conjunction with an electron gun or supply that
generates electrons when properly radiated, such as with high
frequency microwave radiation; or without a container
altogether, wherein the electrons are obtained from the
surrounding air. Step 54, that of causing the electrons to
fill available energy levels, with some filling quantum energy
levels, may be accomplished by creating a plasma within an
evacuated dielectric container to break down atoms into their
electron and atomic nuclei components; or by filling an open
container with a large number of electrons with an electron
gun; or by supplying a very large amount of input power into a
system containing air in a bounded area.
Step 58, that of generating a quantum macro object, wherein
the quantum macro object comprises a positively charged
nucleus and an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, and
wherein the electron cloud comprises a plurality of
free-floating and quantum electrons, may be accomplished in
several ways. One way is to increase the gas pressure within a
plasma filled dielectric container; another way is to
continuously supply a large number of electrons into a bounded
area until the quantum macro object appears. Finally, step 62,
that of inducing an active impact upon the quantum macro
object by energizing the quantum electrons, wherein the
quantum electrons are caused to move in an orbital manner
about the nucleus, thereby giving off or radiating quantum
energy, is also accomplished several ways. Some of these
include subjecting the quantum object to an electromagnetic
field where a current is induced within the quantum macro
object; another way is to use two electrodes to create an
induced current within the quantum macro object. As can be
seen, the quantum electrons are energized from an outside
current. It is this current that causes the quantum electrons
to orbit and radiate quantum energy.
Figure 3 is a flow chart showing generally the steps of the
presently preferred embodiments of the present invention
employed to generate quantum energy. The steps in Figure 3 are
merely intended to give a broad overview of the process
undertaken, with the details of the equipment and device(s)
used, the characteristics of each phase or step, and the
details going into each step being described in greater detail
below. Referring to Figure 3, shown is first step 70, that of
filling a dielectric container with a gaseous substance. The
next step, step 74, is to place the dielectric container
within a high frequency radiation chamber that may be
insulated and/or salable to the outside environment. Once the
gas filled dielectric container is placed within the radiation
chamber, the dielectric container may be evacuated, or
partially evacuated. The next step, step 78, involves
energizing the gas to obtain a glow-discharge state. This glow
discharge-state is simply a plasma state obtained by ionizing
the gaseous substance contained within the dielectric
container to break down the atoms within the gaseous substance
into their atomic nuclei and electron components.
Following the energizing of the gaseous substance, the next
step, step 82, involves increasing the gas pressure within the
dielectric container to transform the plasma into a new state,
which state is the formation or transformation of the plasma
into a quantum macro object. The created quantum macro object
is believed to be a two-dimensional object and comprises a
nucleus with a definite and distinct boundary, and an electron
cloud or shelf that is directly adjacent to and surrounds the
nucleus. The electron cloud or shelf further comprises a
plurality of quantum electrons and a plurality of
free-floating electrons therein. The free-floating electrons,
although existing within the electron cloud, are not connected
or associated with the quantum macro object. These
free-floating electrons are kept within the electron cloud
because of the dielectric barrier produced between the
positively charged nucleus and the dielectric wall of the
container. This is discussed further below.
On the other hand, the quantum electrons are connected with
the quantum macro object much the same way the electrons in a
micro atom are bound to the nucleus of the atom. As a result
of their being disassociated from their atomic nuclei during
the formation stages of the quantum object, the quantum
electrons may not leave the electron cloud because they are
drawn to the positively charged nucleus due to their negative
charge. As stated, these quantum electrons possess extremely
high-energy levels. In fact, the energy levels assumed by
these quantum electrons are within the quantum realm (below
the boundary Rk, p as shown in Figure 1). The extremely
high-energy potential in the quantum electrons results from
their obeying Pauli's exclusion principle. Specifically, the
quantity of electrons within the electron cloud determines the
energy level of the electrons because each electron is
organized into energy levels.
Finally, once the quantum macro object is obtained or
generated, the next step, step 86, involves inducing an active
impact upon the quantum macro object by energizing the quantum
electrons in the electron cloud, wherein these quantum
electrons are caused to move in an orbital manner around the
quantum macro object. As the quantum electrons orbit the
quantum macro object, they produce or radiate quantum energy.
Figure 3 also shows optional step 90, which involves
initially pressurizing the dielectric container and gaseous
substance to supply and place a greater amount of gaseous
substance within the dielectric container. Pressurizing the
dielectric container so more of the gaseous substance may be
used results in a more dense gaseous substance where a greater
number of atomic particles are present within the dielectric
container. This contributes to both the size of the quantum
energy generator needed and strength and/or density of the
radiated quantum energy particles.
As Figures 2 and 3 have been provided to lay out the general
and preferred process or method steps of the present
invention, respectively, the following figures, particularly
Figures 4-14, are presented to illustrate these several steps,
along with some of the physical devices and systems used to
carry out these steps, in order to create a better
understanding of the present invention. It should be noted
that Figures 4-11 are merely representative of one embodiment,
a preferred embodiment, of the present invention. Therefore,
the processes explained and the systems, devices, and/or
equipment used to carry out the specific process steps, should
not be taken to limit the invention in any way. Other
embodiments, showing various processes and systems, are also
presented herein, but these are also not meant to limit the
invention in any way as it may be possible, as one of ordinary
skill in the art will recognize, to achieve the results of
generating high photon particles or quantum energy, or causing
electrons in a highly excited state to emit or radiate energy,
by using other techniques or methods not discussed herein, but
that are still within the spirit of or related to the present
invention as taught and explained herein.
Step One --- Supplying a gaseous substance
Figure 4 is illustrative of the first step in the process of
generating quantum energy.
Specifically, Figure 4 shows gaseous substance 158 as it is
contained within dielectric container 150.
Dielectric container 150 is filled with gaseous substance 158
by directing a line from inlet feed 152 directly into
dielectric container 150. Although not shown, it is apparent
that inlet feed 152 is coupled to some type of a storage
medium that comprises an adequate storage of gaseous substance
158 for later use. While explained in greater detail below,
this storage medium may contain one or several different types
of gaseous substances and is capable of continuously providing
gaseous substance 158 to dielectric container 150 through
inlet feed 152 in a normal or pressurized state.
Figure 4 also shows radiating chamber 154 used to house
dielectric container 150 and to facilitate radiating gaseous
substance 158 in order to complete ionization of gaseous
substance 158 during the process of generating quantum energy.
Radiating chamber 154 is preferably a high frequency radiation
chamber, such as a microwave chamber, that is capable of
containing and supplying high frequency radiation within a
defined and bounded area in a continuous manner as needed.
Radiation chamber 154 provides an environment wherein
dielectric container 150, and particularly the gaseous
substance 158 within dielectric container 150, may be radiated
with high frequency radiation. Radiating chamber 154 should be
of sufficient size and of suitable shape so as to be able to
house dielectric container 150 and the equipment needed to
carry out the method of generating the quantum macro object
and resulting quantum energy, and to absorb fully the input
microwave radiation. As stated, radiating chamber 154 is
preferably a high frequency radiation chamber. It is desirable
that radiation chamber 154 also be a resonating chamber, thus
providing complete containment of the high frequency
radiation. Although it may be possible to use several
different types of radiation to ionize the gaseous substance,
such as, for example, R-F energy, microwaves, radiation from
lasers, or electromagnetic fields, the discussion and method
described and taught herein focuses on the use of microwaves
generated or radiated at a frequency between about 10 MHz and
100 GHz.
One of the recognized advantages of the present invention
lies in the material makeup of dielectric container 150. While
the use of dielectric container 150 is not entirely necessary
to the generation of the quantum macro object or the
production of quantum energy, in this preferred embodiment,
dielectric container 150 is desirable. Stated simply, the
level of power input into the system that is used to generate
the quantum macro object and ultimately quantum energy governs
whether dielectric container 150 is necessary. These
parameters are discussed in greater detail below in reference
to one of the alternative embodiments of the present
invention, wherein quantum energy may be created without the
use of a dielectric container.
In the event a container is employed, the container should be
comprised of a dielectric container 150. Dielectric container
150 is necessary as it is intended to work in conjunction with
the bounded nucleus of the created quantum macro object to
provide a double electron barrier, or dielectric barrier,
whose purpose is to contain the free-floating electrons and to
keep them within a bounded region, namely the electron cloud
of the quantum object. Otherwise, they would be free to move
into the surrounding environment. As mentioned above, the
quantum electrons are naturally constrained within the
electron cloud due to their physical properties and
relationship to the positively charged nucleus of the quantum
object.
One side of this double electron barrier is formed within the
wall of dielectric container 150, with the other side being
formed by the anti-electron boundary of the positively charged
nucleus of the quantum macro object. Essentially, the double
electron barrier provides a shield for the free- floating
electrons so they do not crash through the wall of dielectric
container 150, but instead rebound, thus being able to
continue to sustain the vitality of the quantum macro object.
It is important to note that these free-floating electrons
rebound from the dielectric barrier without substantial energy
loss.
A dielectric is a type of insulator or resistor that governs
the permittivity of electric particles, such as electrons.
Stated differently, a dielectric material is a substance that
is a poor conductor of electricity, but an efficient supporter
of both weak and intense electrostatic fields. If the flow of
current between opposite electric charge poles is kept to a
minimum while the electrostatic lines of flux are not impeded
or interrupted, an electrostatic field can store energy. In
practice, most dielectric materials are solid. Examples of
good dielectric materials include porcelain, ceramic, mica,
glass, quartz, plastics, and the oxides of various metals.
Some liquids and gases can also serve as good dielectric
materials. Dry air is an excellent dielectric. Distilled water
is a fair dielectric. A vacuum is an exceptionally efficient
dielectric.
An important property of a dielectric is its ability to
support an electrostatic field while dissipating minimal
energy in the form of heat. The lower the dielectric loss (the
proportion of energy lost as heat), the more effective the
dielectric material. Another consideration is the dielectric
constant, the extent to which a substance concentrates the
electrostatic lines of flux.
Substances with a low dielectric constant include a perfect
vacuum, dry air, and most pure, dry gases such as helium and
nitrogen. Materials with moderate dielectric constants include
ceramics, distilled water, paper, mica, polyethylene, and
glass. Metal oxides, in general, have high dielectric
constants.
Although useful in other areas, high-dielectric-constant
substances, such as aluminum oxide, are generally not able to
withstand intense electrostatic fields like their
low-dielectric-constant counterparts, such as air. Thus, if
the voltage across a dielectric material becomes too great ---
that is, if the electrostatic field becomes too intense ---
the material will suddenly begin to conduct current.
This phenomenon is called dielectric breakdown. In components
that use gases or liquids as the dielectric medium, this
condition reverses itself if the voltage decreases below the
critical point. But in components containing solid
dielectrics, dielectric breakdown usually results in permanent
damage.
In keeping with the focus of the present invention, the
inventor has discovered that low- dielectric-constant
substances are advantageous because of their ability to
withstand and maintain high or intense electrostatic fields.
As such, dielectric container 150 is preferably comprised
primarily of quartz, ceramics, or porcelains, as these provide
the necessary electron layer (or dielectric) within the wall
of dielectric container 150, thus allowing the wall of
dielectric container 150 to serve as one side of the double
electron barrier needed to contain the energized electrons (or
other particles). In the event the present invention is
performed without the use of dielectric container 150, other
mediums, for example dry air, which is an excellent
dielectric, may serve to create the necessary conditions for
generating the quantum macro object of the present invention.
Another advantage of the dielectric of the present invention
is its ability to allow high frequency radiation to penetrate
the dielectric wall of the container, while functioning to
keep the free-floating electrons in, thus allowing the gaseous
substance contained therein to be exposed and bombarded by the
high frequency radiation.
Figure 4 further shows gaseous substance 158 contained within
dielectric container 150.
Gaseous substance 158 is typically a low atomic number
gaseous substance because of the electron composition within
these gasses and the ability of these gasses to quickly ionize
into a plasma. The most common types of gaseous substances
used to create the quantum macro object are air, oxygen,
nitrogen, helium, argon, hydrogen, with air being the
preferred gaseous substance in this particular embodiment.
Gaseous substance 158 is allowed to fill the volume of
dielectric container 150, thereby providing sufficient
particles and matter used to generate the quantum macro object
and carry out the generation of quantum energy. Gaseous
substance 158 is fed into dielectric container 150 through
inlet feed 152 either under normal atmospheric pressure, or
under some pressurized state where the gaseous substance is
more dense. The effect of filling dielectric container 150
with a gaseous substance under pressure, such that its
composition is of a greater density than it would be at normal
atmospheric pressure, is that there is a greater amount of
particles present within the gas. The greater the density of
the gas, the greater the energy potential of the quantum
electrons as they are required to fill even higher energy
levels, thus increasing in their potential energy. In turn,
this directly bears upon the level and intensity of the
quantum energy radiated from the quantum macro object. In
addition, the type of radiation given off by the quantum macro
object is directly related to the density of the quantum macro
object. Therefore, if the gaseous substance is much more dense
due to the pressure under which it is introduced into the
dielectric container, then it follows that the plasma formed
from the ionization of the gaseous substance will contain or
comprise a greater number of particles in the form of atomic
nuclei, electrons and ions. As such, the quantum macro object
created or generated from the plasma will likewise exhibit and
possess, or be comprised of, a much more dense makeup, which
in turn, directly relates to the intensity of the photons or
quantum energy radiated from the quantum electrons of the
quantum macro object following an active impact thereon. In
other words, the intensity and type of quantum energy produced
is dependent upon the number of quantum electrons within the
quantum macro object. This concept of initially providing a
pressurized gaseous substance to dielectric container 150 is
discussed further below.
Step 2 --- Evacuating the dielectric container
Finally, Figure 4 shows vacuum means 156. Vacuum means 156 is
used to evacuate dielectric container 154, either completely
or partially prior to filling dielectric container 150 with
gaseous substance 158. Evacuating dielectric container154
prior to introducing gaseous substance158 therein serves to
provide a more conducive atmosphere for ionizing the particles
within dielectric container 150 and gaseous substance 158 into
a plasma or a plasma state. Following its evacuation, and
during radiation of radiation chamber154, dielectric container
150 is allowed to fill with gaseous substance 158 according to
the principles and procedures discussed above. As explained
above, dielectric container 150 may be filled with gaseous
substance 158 at any pressure.
Vacuum means 158 may be any known device or system existing
in the art, such as one or more rotary vacuum pumps.
It should be noted that evacuating dielectric container 150
is not necessary for the creation of a quantum macro object.
As will be explained below, a quantum macro object may be
created despite evacuating dielectric container 150. In the
event dielectric container 150 is not evacuated, certain
environmental conditions must be met and obtained within
radiating chamber 154 in order to facilitate the creation of
the quantum macro object. For example, the use of a gaseous
substance under pressure, where no evacuation of the
dielectric container is undertaken, is possible only if Power
input, HF radiation into the system (i. e. microwave power) is
large enough to generate the number of electrons needed to
occupy quantum energy levels. This has been achieved at a
level wherePowerinput, HF radiation is greater than 15 kW.
Stated simply, if Power Input is small, then evacuation of
dielectric container 150 and the creation of a plasma is
preferred due to the ability of a plasma to facilitate the
generation of a quantum macro object. On the other hand, if
Power input is large enough, no vacuum is needed and no plasma
is required to generate the quantum macro object.
Step 3 --- Energizing the gaseous substance to create a
plasma
As noted above, the quantum object of the present invention
may be created without first generating a plasma or glow
discharge plasma state and without evacuating the dielectric
container 150. However, since the creation of a plasma
facilitates the generation of the quantum object, it is
preferred that a plasma be used.
Referring now to Figure 5, shown is the transition of the
gaseous substance 158 of Figure 4 to a plasma state. Using
vacuum means 156, once the volume within dielectric container
150 is evacuated, high frequency supply164 is activated to
introduce high frequency radiation 162 within radiation
chamber 154. High frequency 162 radiation ranges from about 1
MHz to about 100 GHz in frequency, and is preferably in the
form of microwave radiation ranging from about 1 GHz to about
5 GHz in frequency. However, one ordinarily skilled in the art
will recognize the several types of energizing radiation,
other than RF energy, that can be used to generate or
transform gaseous substance 158 into a plasma. For example,
high-voltage discharges and/or high-energy particle beams, may
be used to attain the ionizing effects required to create a
plasma.
In the preferred embodiment, as radiation chamber 154 is
filled or bombarded with high frequency microwave radiation
162, gaseous substance 158 is allowed to fill dielectric
container 150, which causes gaseous substance 158 to be
exposed to high frequency radiation 162. The particles within
the gaseous substance must be energized. In order to properly
energize the particles, high frequency generator 164 must be
able to concentrate enough energy per unit volume in the
desired region to ionize a sufficient number of atoms to
electron-free nuclei (protons) and maintain that state for a
sufficient period of time. Such exposure causes gaseous
substance 158 to transition or transform to a normal plasma or
glow discharge plasma state 166, with its component atomic
nuclei 170 and electron 174 particles.
Transforming a gas into a plasma is well known in the art,
and one ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize the
various ways this specific process may be carried out.
However, a brief description of a plasma is thought to be
necessary as its component parts play a major role in the
composition and makeup of the quantum macro object.
Plasma consists of a collection of free-floating electrons
and ions-atoms that have lost electrons. Plasmas are generated
by transforming a gaseous substance from a neutral state using
energy to cause the formation of charge carriers. Electrons
and ions are produced in the gas phase when electrons or
photons with sufficient energy collide with the neutral atoms
and molecules in the feed gas (electron-impact ionization or
photo ionization). There are various ways to supply the
necessary energy for plasma generation, such as with thermal,
electrical, or light/radiation energy --- energy in the form
of ultraviolet or intense light from a laser or microwave. One
possibility is to supply thermal energy, for example in
flames, where exothermic chemical reactions of the molecules
are used as the prime energy source. Adiabatic compression of
a gas is also capable of heating the gas to the point of
plasma generation. Yet another way to supply energy to a gas
reservoir is through the introduction of energetic beams that
moderate in a gas volume. Any volume of a neutral gas always
contains a few electrons and ions that are formed. These free
charge carriers may be accelerated by an energy source, such
as high frequency microwave radiation, so that new charged
particles are created when the charged carriers collide with
the atoms and molecules in the gaseous substance. This leads
to an avalanche of charged particles that is eventually
balanced by charge carrier losses, so that a steady-state
plasma develops. In addition, this energy is required to be
sustained in order to maintain the plasma state. In the event
the energy is lost or discontinued, the plasma reverts back to
or recombines into its neutral gaseous form.
Referring back to Figure 1, if a gaseous substance (e. g.
air) is forced to ionize very quickly and completely enough so
that the energy absorbed by the atomic nucleus is low and the
energy is transferred or channeled into the electrons instead
of the atomic nuclei, the complex ionized atomic nuclei that
result could lay outside the determined area of existence of
the substance. The protonic (nucleon) gas component of the
atomic nuclei can become a structureless unit quite easily,
while achieving such a state is very hard for an electron
component. A structureless unit is simply one way of
describing a particle outside the ordered world and within the
quantum boundaries.
Normal proton (nucleon) matter occurs predictably in a
determined region of matter in the universe. A homogeneous
gas, such as hydrogen for example, when subjected to gradual
heating, becomes completely ionized at a certain temperature
(Ts-105 K). Its atoms disassociate, thus disintegrating to
their component electrons and atomic nuclei. The result of
this disintegration is ordinary hydrogen plasma. It occupies a
position above the quantum boundary Rk, p because the initial
gas volume has expanded (that is, the distance R between the
neighboring particles-nuclei has increased) or the average
energy per particle has increased. The plasma is at point 4 in
the determined quantum region as shown in Figure 1.
If as stated, however, the hydrogen gas is forced to ionize
very quickly and very completely, so that the energy absorbed
by the atomic nuclei is low, the atomic nuclei that result
could lie outside the determined region, such as at point 3 in
Figure 1. Experiments carried out by many scientists have
established with certainty that ordinary (determined) plasma
cannot initiate stable plasma states/formations, but abnormal
(undetermined) plasma can.
Step 4 --- Transforming the plasma into a quantum macro
object
As the quantum macro object of the present invention is
believed by the inventor to possess and exhibit similar
properties and characteristics as the naturally occurring
phenomenon ball lightning, and according to documented
observations and many popular opinions that ball lightning has
stored therein, and is capable of expending, extremely large
amounts of energy, it follows that the quantum macro object of
the present invention also is believed to possess a great
amount of potential energy. Through the creation of the
quantum macro object, generation of quantum energy becomes
possible as this potential energy is converted and released as
high-energy photons.
Upon reaching a suitable plasma or plasma state 166 according
to the process described above, the next step involves the
transformation or transition of plasma 166 into a quantum
macro object. As mentioned, dielectric container 150 is not
required to be evacuated prior to the creation of a quantum
macro object. However, in the event vacuum means 156 is used
to facilitate the
formation of plasma 166, once plasma 166 is formed, vacuum
means 156 is turned off in order to allow the gas pressure
within dielectric container 150 to be increased.
Figure 6 illustrates the"new"state quantum macro object 176
of the present invention as generated from plasma 166 of
Figure 5. Quantum macro object 176 is shown contained within
dielectric container 150 and radiation chamber 154.
The process of transforming plasma 166 to a "new" state or
into a quantum macro object 176 involves several steps. It
should be noted that during this process and throughout the
maintenance of the quantum macro object and generation of
quantum energy, radiation 162 is required to be continuous and
ongoing within radiation chamber 154 for the purpose of
providing the required conditions to sustain quantum macro
object 176 for the duration of the generation of quantum
energy. After plasma 166 is generated, the gas pressure in
dielectric container 150 is increased at a calculated rate. In
one experiment, the gas pressure was increased over a time
span of approximately two minutes to a pressure of 1 atm.
Increasing the gas pressure within dielectric container 150
causes plasma 166 to begin to transition to quantum macro
object 176. As the gas pressure is increased, the more visible
and defined quantum macro object 176 appears. Specifically,
the component particles or atomic nuclei in the plasma (shown
as 170 and 174 in Figure 5) separate and "melt" together.
During this process, the atomic nuclei 170 essentially lose
their individuality or identity. What results is a autonomous
and homogenous positively charged nucleus 178 and an adjacent
electron cloud 186 surrounding positively charged nucleus 178
to form a quantum macro object 176. The two major components
of quantum macro object 176 --- the positively charged nucleus
178 and electron cloud or shelf 186-along with quantum macro
object 176 itself, possess unique properties and
characteristics.
First, electron cloud 186 contains a plurality of highly
excited electrons (quantum electrons) 188 within the quantum
realm (i. e. above the minimum energy level 198 in Figure 7),
as well as a number of free-floating electrons 190. Quantum
electrons 188 are associated directly with quantum macro
object 176, while free-floating electrons 190 are not
associated with quantum macro object 176. It is believed that
quantum electrons 188 have enormous potential energy as a
result of their unique quantum state, and that this potential
energy may be released and converted into useful kinetic
energy (quantum energy). Moreover, it is important to note
that since quantum electrons 188 obtained this energy as a
free gift of nature, the quantum energy radiated from quantum
electrons 188 is continuous and ongoing, without loss, as long
as the conditions are maintained that enabled the creation of
quantum object 176.
Second, positively charged nucleus 178 has no definite
internal structure. Its individual nuclei are
undistinguishable. As a result, forces of attraction between
the nuclei weld them together, thus creating a relatively
stable and structureless nuclear formation. The nuclei have
"melted" and disappeared, ceasing to be individual nuclei.
Moreover, positively charged nucleus 178 is similar to and
has similar properties and characteristics as the nucleus of
micro atoms. Therefore, positively charged nucleus 178
comprises or possesses a distinct and identifiable boundary
182 and an electron cloud 186 directly adjacent boundary 182
of nucleus 178. In addition, it is believed that positively
charged nucleus 182 is a two-dimensional object, while
electron cloud 186 exists in three-dimensional space.
The nuclear forces causing cohesion among the nuclei of the
quantum macro object have the same nature as those in the
ordinary atomic nuclei as explained above. Referring again to
Figure1, on passing beyond the quantum boundary Rk, p the
electromagnetic forces of repulsion between the atomic nuclei
of the same, positive charge become even more powerful forces
of attraction.
The nuclear forces of cohesion provide the stability of the
quantum macro object, just as in naturally occurring ball
lightning. The nucleons in the nucleus lose their
individuality because the average distance (R) between them is
less than Rk, p, forming a structureless quantum macro object.
In addition, each electron in the quantum macro object is
distinguishable and individual, has its own value parameters,
and helps form the electron-determined cloud component of the
quantum macro object.
One significant advantage of the quantum macro object of the
present invention is that it is believed by the inventor to be
a giant macro atom, thus possessing similar properties and
characteristics as those micro atoms existing within the
boundaries of the ordered world and as commonly understood.
Because the quantum macro object is an enormous atom, Pauli's
principle is operational within the electron cloud of the
quantum macro object-it is impossible to have two or more
electrons that exist in the same quantum state.
Briefly, an atom consists of an electron cloud surrounding a
dense nucleus of protons and neutrons. Because of the opposite
charges of an electron and the particles (protons) in the
nucleus, there is an attraction between the electrons and the
nucleus. It is this attraction that holds the atom together.
It is commonly accepted that electrons in an atom behave as
both particles and waves, a characteristic called
wave-particle duality. Wave-particle duality affects all
particles and collections of particles, including protons,
neutrons, and the atoms themselves. In regards to the atom, it
is accepted that the wavelike structure of the electron is
most important, with these electrons occupying orbitals having
determined levels of energy in the form of kinetic and
potential energy. Moreover, in a stable atom, the orbitals in
the atom just occur at certain distances from the nucleus.
As shown in Figure 7, the number of half-wavelengths that an
orbital allows is known as the orbital's principal quantum
number (abbreviated n), which in general, determines the size
of the orbital. When electrons collect around an atom's
nucleus, they fill up orbitals in a definite pattern.
In short, the electrons seek the first available orbital that
takes up the least amount of energy to occupy. Generally, it
takes more energy to occupy higher level orbitals (e. g.
quantum levels --- those within the quantum realm). Therefore,
those electrons that occupy high levels will possess high
amounts of potential energy. As an atom fills orbitals with
electrons based upon availability, once the lower levels are
filled an electron has no choice but to occupy the next
highest level. Therefore, a sufficient number of free floating
electrons are available within the dielectric container 150,
which occupy the lower levels. The amount of electrons which
can occupy the "n" energy level is: n-1, 1=03 (21+1) = n!,
where l, n are the main quantum numbers. According to the
principle of economy, the quantum macro object, and
particularly quantum electrons 188, occupy quantum energy
levels, shown as 198.
Moreover, each electron in an atom possesses a particular
energy. This energy depends upon the electron's speed, the
presence of other electrons, the electron's distance from the
nucleus, and the positive charge of the nucleus. Atoms gain
energy in various ways. When an atom absorbs energy, one or
more of its electrons moves to a higher, more energetic
orbital. When electrons drop back down to their original
energy states, they release their extra energy in the form of
photons. Those electrons in the lower orbitals release much
greater amounts of energy due to their attraction to the
nucleus and difficulty in being excited. If quantum electrons
188 radiate some energy then this energy can be only its full
quantum energy. After this radiation, the quantum energy of
the electron is restored instantaneously. Quantum energy
cannot be divided in smaller parts. In other words, the energy
spectrum of the radiating energy is discontinuous.
Referring back to Figure 6, these basic principles are
equally applicable to quantum macro object 176 of the present
invention as this quantum macro object is believed to be a
giant macro atom. As mentioned, the proton (nucleon) component
of the gaseous substance can become a structureless quantum
plasma body quite easily, while achieving such a state is
impossible for the electrons because the boundary Rk, e is
much lower than the boundary Rk, p (as shown in Figure 1).
However, as this state is achieved, a plasma may be
transitioned or transformed into a"new"state, which state is
believed to be similar to that existing within naturally
occurring ball lightning. The "new" state of the present
invention is believed to possess similar properties and
characteristics as a micro atom. This is the proposed state of
quantum macro object 176. The plasma generated from the
gaseous substance provides the necessary matter and particles
needed to generate quantum macro object 176, with its
associate plurality of particles 194, free-floating electrons
190, and quantum electrons 188 that are in a highly excited
quantum energy state and that are contained within electron
cloud 186.
One advantageous characteristic of the present invention,
made possible through the creation of quantum macro object
176, is its ability to generate and maintain a highly intense
electrostatic field, without experiencing dielectric
breakdown. When two objects in each other's vicinity have
different electric charges, an electrostatic field exists
between them. An electrostatic field also forms around any
single object that is electrically charged with respect to its
environment, such as positively charged nucleus 178 of quantum
macro object 176 as surrounded by the negatively charged
electron cloud 186 in combination with the plurality of
free-floating electrons 190 that are not associated with
quantum macro object 176, but remain between nucleus 178 of
quantum macro object 176 and dielectric wall 210 present
within dielectric container 150 (see Figure 9).
An object is negatively charged (-) if it has an excess of
electrons relative to its surroundings.
On the other hand, an object is positively charged (+) if it
is deficient in electrons with respect to its surroundings.
Electrostatic fields bear some similarity to magnetic fields.
Objects attract if their charges are of opposite polarity
(+/-); objects repel if their charges are of the same polarity
(+/+ or- /-). The lines of electrostatic flux in the vicinity
of a pair of oppositely charged objects are similar to lines
of magnetic flux between and around a pair of opposite
magnetic poles. Electrostatic fields arise from a potential
difference or voltage gradient, and can exist when charge
carriers, such as electrons, are stationary. The intense
electrostatic field created by the present invention results
from the relatively small distance between highly excited
quantum electrons 188 in the quantum level and positively
charged nucleus 178. This is evident from Figure 8.
Figure 8 illustrates positively charged nucleus 178, which
may be considered a material point without spatial dimensions,
and a single quantum electron 188 at a distance of r, njn 222.
Positively charged nucleus 178 has a velocity 238 and Feu !
226. Quantum electron 188 also has a velocity 234 (v = c), and
also has an orbital velocity 242 and Center 230. These
conditions serve to create an intense electrostatic field
within quantum macro object 176.
Referring to Figure 9, this field is made possible as a
result of several factors, such as the use of low-dielectric
constant materials and mediums or substances that are used to
generate quantum macro object 176, the current and resulting
voltage across these dielectric materials or substances, and
the double electron barrier created between dielectric
container 150 and positively charged nucleus 178. Shown in
detail in Figure 9, dielectric container 150 comprises a
container wall 202 having a thickness 203 sufficient to
support the intense electrostatic field generated by the
present invention. Container wall 202 is comprised of a
dielectric wall 210. Dielectric wall210 comprises a plurality
of charged electrons 212 that form to make up electron layer
214 within thickness 203 of dielectric wall 210. Electron
layer 214 is naturally adjacent inside edge 204 of dielectric
wall 210.
Also shown in detail, is quantum macro object 176 and its
component parts, nucleus 178 and electron cloud 186. Nucleus
178 is shown as being positively charged 218 at boundary 182.
In addition, electron cloud 186 is shown having a number of
free-floating electrons 190 therein that interact with each
other, nucleus 178, and dielectric container 150.
Specifically, free-floating electrons 190, and quantum
electrons 188 that exist to make up electron cloud 186 are
contained within the double electron or dielectric barrier
created between electron layer 214 of dielectric wall210 and
positively charged nucleus 178. This barrier serves an
important and advantageous purpose in this particular
embodiment by confining free-floating electrons 190 to a
specific area where they may sustain the vitality of quantum
macro object 176. Without dielectric wall210 and the
dielectric barrier created between this wall and positively
charged nucleus 178, free-floating electrons 190 would be free
to move about unconstrained. In essence, this same principle
is at work in nature when naturally occurring ball lightning
is created. Given the proper environmental conditions, a
natural plasma state (e. g. charged air) may be achieved that
is confined within a dielectric wall or barrier formed by the
charged air. The particles, and particularly the electrons,
are confined within this barrier, meaning the electrons are
prohibited from freely floating as they normally would. In
this condition, the confined electrons may be actively
impacted (e. g. typically by lightning), wherein ball
lightning may be created. This explains why most recorded or
observed instances of ball lightning have occurred during
thunderstorms.
Step 5 --- Inducing an active impact on the quantum
macro object to generate quantum energy
Stated simply, there is an enormous amount of potential
energy existing within quantum macro object 176, and
particularly within quantum electrons 188, that may be
released in the form of high-energy photons or quantum energy.
This quantum energy is potential energy converted into useful
kinetic energy and is believed to be free energy provided by
nature.
The realization of quantum energy is predicated upon the
generation of quantum macro object 176 (in this embodiment,
quantum macro object 176 is created within a dielectric
barrier).
However, although in a highly excited quantum energy state
(see Figure 7), quantum electrons 188, without more, do not
radiate energy or quantum energy. Rather, they must be
appropriately acted upon and energized before the potential
energy existing within each electron is released and converted
into kinetic energy. Only then do they begin to radiate
various heat and light emissions.
Once a suitable quantum macro object exists, this further
step of inducing an active impact upon quantum macro object
176, and particularly quantum electrons 188, is required to
convert potential energy into useful kinetic energy. It is
this active impact upon quantum macro object 176 that provides
the appropriate active impact needed to energize quantum
electrons 188 and cause them to radiate quantum energy.
The process or step of inducing an active impact upon quantum
macro object 176 is illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. As
before, these illustrations are merely presented as examples
of two possible methods (and systems) that may be used to
induce an active impact upon a created quantum macro object,
and one ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize that
other methods and systems may exist to accomplish the intended
result.
The active impact used to energize quantum macro object 176
stems from the movement of the electrons and other particles
within the quantum macro object, namely quantum electrons 188,
and free-floating electrons 190. Movement of the electrons is
accomplished by inducing a current across quantum macro object
176 as generated from some power source. Power input dictates
the amount of electrons present. Various levels of Power input
are presented below in the several examples. It should be
noted however, that the excitement current must be at least 2
amps, and preferably greater than 5 amps, with a voltage of at
least 2,000 volts. To create a larger, more intense quantum
macro object, one would simply increase Power input of the
high frequency radiation to a greater level as the level of
Power input determines the properties of quantum macro object
176 and the quantum energy produced therefrom.
Figure 10 shows radiation chamber 154 being inundated or
bombarded with high frequency radiation 162 as provided by
high frequency supply 164. As stated, high frequency radiation
must be continuous to sustain the life of quantum macro object
176. this is because as quantum electrons 188 radiate energy,
they are instantaneously renewed by the conditions existing
within quantum macro object 176. Also shown in Figure 10 is
the type of system or device used to induce the active impact
upon quantum macro object 176. Specifically, shown is an
electromagnetic field generator comprising a dipole of
magnetic source 250 (shown as upper electromagnet) and
magnetic sink 254 (shown as lower electromagnet). Lead 258 is
used to connect magnetic source 250 to magnetic sink 254, and
power supply 246 is used to generate and supply the necessary
power to magnetic source 250. Electromagnetic fields are well
known in the art, therefore, they are not discussed in detail
herein. However, it should be noted that the electromagnetic
field is preferably supplied by a pulse electromagnetic field
supply in order to reduce the size of the equipment in the
system. A pulse electromagnetic supply is capable of inducing
very strong electrical currents in electron cloud 186.
Basically, when power supply 246 is turned on, magnetic
source 250 causes to be produced magnetic flux 262, which
carries an identified voltage and current that are used to
actively impact quantum macro object 176. However, due to the
characteristics and properties of quantum macro object 176,
magnetic flux 262 is unable to penetrate nucleus 178 because
of its two-dimensional nature. As a result, magnetic flux 262
is forced to move without boundary 182 of nucleus 178, which
causes magnetic flux 262 and the current being carried
therein, to directly and actively impact quantum electrons 188
and free-floating electrons 190 in electron cloud 186. This
active impact energizes quantum electrons 188 and causes them
to begin to move about quantum macro object 176 in an orbital
manner, with these orbiting electrons being represented by
lines 266. Movement of quantum electrons 188 is in an orbital
or circular manner around positively charged nucleus 178, and
within electron cloud 186, as they are not allowed to
penetrate positively charged nucleus 178 due to its nature. It
is this orbital movement about quantum macro object 176 that
converts the enormous potential energy existing within quantum
electrons 188 into kinetic energy. Essentially, the orbital
motion causes quantum electrons 188 to begin to radiate
high-energy photons, thus expelling the quantum energy derived
from these electrons.
Specifically, once a sufficient level of current is applied
such that free-floating electrons are not allowed to serve as
carriers to the induced current, quantum electrons 188 take
over and act as carriers of the induced current. Every quantum
electron 188 has two states. The first state is when it exists
having quantum energy En. The second state is when it acts as
a carrier to the induced current and begins to radiate
high-energy photons. In this state, when acting as a carrier,
quantum electron 188 orbits with kinetic energy, Ek. The
kinetic energy Ek is equal to the potential quantum energy En
existing within or possessed by quantum electron 188.
Moreover, orbiting around positively charged nucleus 178,
quantum electrons 188 radiate high-energy photons due to the
centrifuge acceleration ac. The radiated high-energy photons
possess energy En (quantum energy), which cannot be divided in
smaller portions. After this initiated radiation, quantum
energy is restored instantaneously within quantum object 176,
again due to the Pauli's exclusion principle. As such, quantum
object 176 provides an inexhaustible reservoir of energy.
In order to properly energize quantum macro object 176, the
input power level, and specifically the voltage and current
used generated by power supply 246, must strong enough so that
quantum electrons 188 carry the induced current and not
free-floating electrons 190. This may be defined as the impact
threshold. This impact threshold is typically overcome by
supplying a minimum input power of about1, 000 watts, having a
minimum input current of about 2-5 amps. If the input current
is weak, then quantum macro object 176 will not be properly
energized and the current will simply be picked up and carried
by free-floating electrons 190. The power introduced does not
have to be immediately above the impact threshold value. It
may start below the threshold and then be gradually increased
until it is of sufficient strength to energize quantum
electrons 188.
Having said this, it should be noted that the greater the
current in the power level the greater the amount of quantum
energy that will be produced or radiated. Thus, by simply
increasing the level of current input from power supply 246,
the intensity and amount of quantum energy produced is also
increased.
Figure 11 shows another way that may be used to create the
active impact upon quantum macro object 176. Specifically,
Figure 11 shows a first and second electrode 270 and 274,
respectively attached to power supply 246. Unlike the
electromagnetic field produced by the method and system
described in Figure 10, an electric current is generated
between first electrode 270 and second electrode 274. Again,
due to the properties and characteristics of quantum macro
object 176, the resulting current is unable to penetrate
nucleus 178 of quantum macro object 176 because of its
two-dimensional nature, but instead travels without boundary
182. If the current is of sufficient strength so as to
overcome the impact threshold needed to properly energize
quantum electrons 188, quantum electrons 188 will begin to
move about positively charged nucleus 178 in an orbital manner
as shown by lines 266, at which time they will begin to
radiate quantum energy as described above.
The high-energy photons or quantum energy of the present
invention may exist in several forms depending upon the
conditions satisfied in creating the quantum object and
inducing an active impact thereon. Basically, the high-energy
photons emitted may cover the entire energy spectrum.
For example, as the intensity of radiation is increased and
the induced current is strong, the resulting high-energy
photons will possess a higher level of energy and cover a
different range of the energy spectrum than if the same
happened at lower input levels.
Figure12 is illustrative of another embodiment wherein
dielectric container 150 may be in the form of other shapes
besides the spherical one used in description above. In this
embodiment, dielectric container 150 is cylindrical in shape.
From this, one ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize
that the present invention may be carried out using various
sized and shaped systems.
Figure 13 depicts the creation of a quantum macro object 176
within a pressure vessel 290.
Pressure vessel 290 serves to provide a more dense and
compact environment, wherein a significantly greater number of
particles are initially present within the gaseous substance.
Increasing the initial pressure that the gaseous substance is
under during the beginning stages of generating a quantum
macro object provides several benefits. One advantage is that
it allows the physical system or apparatus used to generate a
quantum macro object to be smaller because the same number of
particles that may be required to produce a desirable amount
of quantum energy in a larger system operating at atmospheric
pressure may be packed into a compact unit to produce an
equivalent amount of quantum energy. Furthermore, significant
costs may be cut, as well as being able to produce relatively
small high power quantum energy generators. Other advantages
not recited herein may also be realized by those skilled in
the art.
Figure 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment, wherein
quantum macro object 176 may be generated using an open
dielectric container 330 instead of a closed one as described
above. In this embodiment, the process is similar, only open
dielectric container 350 is not evacuated, and not plasma is
required to create quantum macro object 176.
In this embodiment, dielectric container 330 is open to the
atmosphere as present within radiation chamber 154. As such,
the process of creating quantum macro object 176 and quantum
energy does not include the step of evacuating dielectric
container 330. Instead of facilitating the transformation of
the gaseous substance to a quantum macro object using a
plasma, the gaseous substance (in this case air) is
transformed into a quantum macro object plasma state by
filling open dielectric container 330 with particles 352,
namely electrons. To fill open dielectric container 330 with
electrons, particle source 340 is placed within open
dielectric container 330. High frequency radiation 162 is
activated and caused to bombard or radiate radiation chamber
154. A portion of this radiation 162 comes in direct contact
with particle source 340, which in turn produces a plurality
of particles, namely electrons 252, that fill open dielectric
container 330. As shown, in this embodiment particle source
340 comprises a tungsten coil 344 supported by support member
348.
Tungsten is used because of its superior resistivity to
breakdown as opposed to other common metals. One ordinarily
skilled in the art will recognize other types of metals or
substances that may be used to perform the similar function as
the tungsten coil, thus this should not be considered limiting
in any way.
Once supplied to open dielectric container 330, quantum macro
object 176 begins to form possessing the properties and
characteristics as described above. Quantum macro object 176
may then be actively impacted to energize quantum electrons
188 within electron cloud 186 to the point where they radiate
quantum energy using the processes previously described. These
various processes are not shown in Figure 14 as they are
sufficiently described above.
Finally, the quantum macro object of the present invention,
and ultimately quantum energy, may be generated within a
system that does not utilize either an open or closed
container. In this embodiment, the quantum macro object is
created within a radiation chamber just as before, but is
created within a dielectric formed from the air within the
system. Just as before, the radiation chamber provides a
sufficient bounded area. Generating a quantum macro object
without a container is achieved by creating a dielectric
within the radiation chamber. As mentioned above, air is a
good dielectric if sufficiently energized. The dielectric is
created by providing a significantly increased amount of power
input into the system, and particularly, the energizing
medium, such as the input power used to generate the high
frequency radiation. Thus, by providing enough input power,
the air within the radiation chamber will form a dielectric
barrier that functions just as the dielectric barrier created
by the dielectric container of earlier described embodiments.
Within this dielectric barrier, the air is also transformed
into a plasma state, after which the plasma is transformed
into the quantum macro object of the present invention by
increasing the gas pressure within the system. Once the
quantum macro object is formed, an active impact may be
induced upon the quantum macro object to generate quantum
energy. This is discussed in detail above.
The power required to create the dielectric from the
surrounding air is at least 15kW. The power required, however,
depends upon whether the air is under pressure, or is simply
at atmospheric pressure. This embodiment is particularly
useful when large amounts of quantum energy are to be
produced. A dielectric container is unable to withstand
extremely high levels of input power (greater than 15 kW) and
will be destroyed. In this case, the quantum object must be
free-floating (i. e. created without a dielectric container
and without contact with any solid wall).
Again with this embodiment, as in all others, one ordinarily
skilled in the art will recognize the various methods and the
various equipment and devices that may be used to carry out
the processes described herein.
The present invention further features a system for
generating high-energy photons. The system comprises a gaseous
substance having a plurality of composition particles therein;
means for containing said gaseous substance within a bounded
area; means for energizing said gaseous substance, and
particularly said particles therein, to transform said gaseous
substance into a glow discharge plasma state, wherein the
particles are separated into their component atomic nuclei and
electron parts; means for increasing the gas pressure within
the bounded area to transition the glow discharge plasma to a
quantum macro object, wherein the quantum macro object
comprises a positively charged nucleus and an electron cloud
surrounding the positively charged nucleus, the electron cloud
comprising a plurality of quantum electrons and a plurality of
free-floating electrons, the quantum electrons comprising
large amounts of stored potential energy; an energizer for
energizing the quantum electrons by inducing an active impact
upon the quantum macro object, wherein the quantum electrons
are caused to orbit the nucleus of the quantum macro object
such that the potential energy stored within the quantum
electrons is converted and released in the form of quantum
energy.
The means for containing the gaseous substance may comprise
various different types, such as an open dielectric container,
a closed dielectric container, or a dielectric formed by
charged air. A dielectric serves to provide a barrier for the
free-floating electrons to keep them within the electron cloud
of the quantum object in order that they may be present to
sustain the vitality of the quantum object with smaller input
power levels.
The means for energizing said gaseous substance may also
comprise various types of generators, such as a high frequency
supply, an R-F generator, a high-voltage discharge generator,
or a high-energy particle beam generator. These are not meant
to be limiting in any way. Their specific function, that they
be capable of energizing the gaseous substance to transform it
into a plasma state, is the most important aspect. However,
preferably, the energizer is a high voltage current supply
assembly including its associated components, such as an
assembly comprising two
electrodes coupled to a power supply, or an electromagnetic
supply comprising upper and lower electromagnets coupled to a
power supply and capable of inducing current through a created
electromagnetic field.
The detailed explanation above presents the preferred methods
and systems used for generating quantum energy. However, other
systems and methods may be employed to produce the intended
results. While merely illustrative, the following examples
represent theories of possible experiments, and several
actually conducted experiments, along with the results
obtained from these experiments. These examples are only
illustrative and are not intended to be limiting in any way as
one ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize various other
procedures or methods, or various other components, devices,
or systems, that may be implemented or utilized with the
technology described and taught herein, but that are not
specifically discussed in this disclosure, shown in the
Figures presented, or illustrated in these several examples.
As such, it is intended that all other methods and/or systems
used to produce quantum energy or its equivalent are to be
within the scope of the invention as claimed and taught
herein.
EXAMPLE ONE
This example represents the method of generating quantum
energy as conducted within the constraints and with the system
of the preferred embodiment as discussed above.
In this method or experiment, a quartz container having a
diameter of three and one half inches, and a wall thickness of
0.4 cm, can be filled with air at normal atmospheric
pressure(1 atm).
Quartz may be used because of its ability to create a high
temperature dielectric within its wall.
The container is placed in a radiation chamber capable of
emitting high frequency microwave radiation. Once in place,
the volume of the container is evacuated using vacuum means.
Once the container is sufficiently evacuated, the high
frequency supply is activated, causing the radiation chamber
to be filled with microwave radiation, thus in turn, radiating
the air within the container.
The power level generated by the high frequency supply and
input into the system is kept constant at 2,000 watts, with
the microwaves being radiated at a frequency of 2.48 GHz. The
microwave radiation is continuously supplied via a waveguide
at a constant frequency throughout each successive phase of
the experiment, with antennas serving to provide a smooth
radiation field.
Activating the microwave radiation causes the air within the
container to ionize and turn to a plasma state. At this time,
the gas pressure within the container is increased slowly over
a time period of about 2 minutes, and brought to a final
pressure ofI atm. Increasing the gas pressure within the
container at this rate had the effect of causing the plasma to
transition to or transform into a"new"state. It is
this"new"state that the inventor terms a quantum macro object.
This quantum macro object is observed to comprise a positively
charged two-dimensional nucleus and an electron cloud
containing a plurality of free-floating electrons, and a
plurality of quantum electrons occupying quantum states of
energy. The free electrons within the electron cloud are
observed to be confined within the dielectric barrier formed
between the dielectric wall of the container and the
positively charged nucleus. Moreover, the positively charged
nucleus is observed to have a definite and distinct boundary.
Although undetermined, the properties and characteristics of
the quantum macro object are believed to behave as a giant
macro atom, possessing similar properties and characteristics
of micro atoms.
The creation or generation of the quantum macro object is
necessary for the production of quantum energy as explained
above. However, the quantum macro object, and particularly the
quantum electrons within the quantum macro object, do not
radiate energy without being acted upon.
As such, there must be an active impact induced within the
quantum macro object to properly energize the quantum
electrons to the point where they are caused to radiate
energy. This active impact must be strong enough to overcome
the impact threshold of the quantum electrons such that these
electrons carry the induced current instead of the
free-floating electrons contained within the electron cloud.
In this experiment, the active impact may be created by
inducing a high voltage electrical current upon the quantum
macro object using an electromagnetic supply and a pair of
electromagnets placed opposite one another without and
adjacent the container. Once activated, the electromagnetic
supply induces an electromagnetic field between the two
opposing electromagnets. As is well known in the art, an
electromagnetic field produces magnetic flux capable of
inducing a current within a suitable carrier. In this case,
the carrier is the quantum macro object, and particularly the
quantum electrons within the electron cloud.
An input power level produced by the electromagnetic supply
at approximately 1600 watts, with the current being
approximately 8 amps, and the voltage being approximately
2,000 volts (dropping to approx. 200 watts after current is
induced), should yield an output of about 7,000 watts.
The particular power level (i. e. current and voltage)
introduced in this experiment is enough to overcome the impact
threshold and energize the quantum electrons. If the impact
threshold is not overcome (i. e. the power level is
insufficient), the current introduced would simply be carried
by the free-floating electrons, thus merely creating an
electrical discharge across the boundary of the nucleus and
not energizing the quantum electrons. In short, no quantum
energy is produced because the quantum electrons would not be
sufficiently energized. As a result, the power level is
determined to be extremely important. The input current level
is discovered to have a direct effect upon the amount and
intensity of the quantum energy generated. This is true for
each of the examples provided herein.
Once activated, the induced high voltage current excites or
energizes the quantum electrons, thus causing them to move
about the nucleus of the quantum macro object in an orbital
manner. In doing so, the quantum electrons emit large amounts
of high-energy photons, or quantum energy.
The quantum energy in these particles is measured using a
photometer. The measured power produced by these highly
energized particles should be about 5,000 watts. In addition,
the radiation produced by these highly energized quantum
electrons in the form of heat should be about 2,000 watts, for
a total power output of about 7,000 watts.
The following table represents a summary of the system, and
the theoretical results that should be achieved (i. e. quantum
energy generated) from the present experiment.
EMI24.1
Gaseous <SEP> Substance: <SEP> Air
Pressure, <SEP> n, <SEP> ) <SEP>
(contamer) <SEP> : <SEP> < <SEP> 1
<SEP> atm
Container: <SEP> Diameter: <SEP> 5-6 <SEP>
in.
Wall <SEP> thickness: <SEP> 0. <SEP> 4
<SEP> cm.
Shape: <SEP> closed, <SEP> spherical
Material <SEP> : <SEP> quartz
Particle <SEP> source: <SEP> Gaseous <SEP>
substance <SEP> & <SEP> high <SEP>
frequency <SEP> radiation
Radiation <SEP> Chamber: <SEP> sealed <SEP>
microwave <SEP> radiation <SEP> chamber
High <SEP> Frequency <SEP> Radiation <SEP>
Generator: <SEP> Type: <SEP> microwave <SEP>
radiation
Powerrnput <SEP> : <SEP> # <SEP> 2,000
<SEP> watts
Frequency: <SEP> 2.48 <SEP> GHz
Evacuation <SEP> Level <SEP> (Container):
<SEP> Complete <SEP> or <SEP> total
<SEP> evacuation <SEP> of <SEP> container
Rate <SEP> of <SEP> Pressure <SEP> Increase
<SEP> w/in <SEP> Container: <SEP> Over
<SEP> period <SEP> of <SEP> about
<SEP> 2 <SEP> minutes
Pressurefinal <SEP> (cOntDiner) <SEP> :
<SEP> I <SEP> atm
Current <SEP> Generator <SEP> (active <SEP>
impact): <SEP> Type: <SEP> electromagnetic
<SEP> supply
Powerinput <SEP> : <SEP> ; <SEP> z
<SEP> 1, <SEP> 600 <SEP> watts
Current: <SEP> si <SEP> 8 <SEP> amps
Voltage <SEP> : <SEP> # <SEP> 2, <SEP>
000 <SEP> volts
Quantum <SEP> Energy <SEP> Generated: <SEP>
Type: <SEP> heat, <SEP> high-energy <SEP>
photons, <SEP> x-rays, <SEP> gamma <SEP>
rays,
other
PowerXnpu, <SEP> to, <SEP> al <SEP>
(PowerHFGenera, <SEP> Or <SEP> + <SEP> #
<SEP> 3, <SEP> 600 <SEP> watts
Powercurrent <SEP> Generator)
Poweroutp,, <SEP> t-tota <SEP> ! <SEP> :
<SEP> 7,000 <SEP> watts
EXAMPLE TWO
The following example is identical to that of Example One,
except the active impact is created using a high voltage
electrical current generated by two opposing electrodes as
shown in Figure 11.
In this experiment, two electrodes made of tungsten material
were placed within the dielectric container a distance apart
from each other. These electrodes were coupled to a power
supply that generated an input power level of approximately 1,
600 watts, with a current of approximately 8 amps and a
voltage of approximately 2,000 volts.
Tungsten was used because of its superior resistance to the
high-energy quantum electrons over other common metals, such
as copper, or brass and their alloys. These other materials
were quickly destroyed by the high-energy quantum electrons
and the quantum high-energy photons radiated from these
electrons. Once destroyed, the system lost its ability to
actively impact the quantum macro object. As a result, the
quantum electrons were no longer energized and the production
or generation of quantum energy ceased. However, although
tungsten is more resistive, eventually the electrodes are
destroyed and must be replaced to continue the production of
quantum energy.
Like the electromagnetic field, if the high voltage current
is insufficient to overcome the impact threshold of the
quantum electrons to where they were energized, the high
voltage current would merely be carried by the free-floating
electrons within the electron cloud producing an electric
discharge between the two electrodes. Although the creation of
an electric discharge meant the quantum electrons were
insufficiently energized and no quantum energy was being
generated, this discharge led to an important observation.
Instead of traveling in a straight line from one electrode to
another through the nucleus of the quantum macro object (as
would be the least resistive pathway for an electric current),
the electric discharge was observed as traveling around or
outside the nucleus. This phenomenon bolsters the contention
by the inventor that the quantum macro object is a
two-dimensional object with no interior volume, and that the
quantum macro object is a giant macro atom.
The following table represents a summary of the system used,
and the results achieved (i. e. quantum energy generated) from
the present experiment.
EMI25.1
Gaseous <SEP> Substance: <SEP> Air
Pressurelnstial <SEP> (contarner) <SEP> :
<SEP> I <SEP> atm
Container: <SEP> Diameter: <SEP> 4 <SEP> in.
<SEP> Wall <SEP> thickness: <SEP> 0.4
<SEP> cm.
Shape: <SEP> closed, <SEP> spherical
Material: <SEP> quartz
Particle <SEP> source: <SEP> Gaseous <SEP>
substance <SEP> & <SEP> high <SEP>
frequency <SEP> radiation
Radiation <SEP> Chamber: <SEP> sealed <SEP>
microwave <SEP> radiation <SEP> chamber
High <SEP> Frequency <SEP> Radiation <SEP>
Generator: <SEP> Type: <SEP> microwave <SEP>
radiation
Power, <SEP> nput <SEP> : <SEP> ~
<SEP> 2, <SEP> 000 <SEP> watts
Frequency: <SEP> 2.48 <SEP> GHz
Evacuation <SEP> Level <SEP> (Container):
<SEP> Complete <SEP> or <SEP> total
<SEP> evacuation <SEP> of <SEP> container
Rate <SEP> of <SEP> Pressure <SEP> Increase
<SEP> w/in <SEP> Container: <SEP> Over
<SEP> period <SEP> of <SEP> 2 <SEP>
minutes
Pressuref, <SEP> na <SEP> ! <SEP>
(Container) <SEP> : <SEP> tatm
Current <SEP> Generator <SEP> (active <SEP>
impact): <SEP> Type: <SEP> high <SEP>
voltage <SEP> transformer
Power,,, <SEP> pu, <SEP> : <SEP> At
<SEP> ; <SEP> 1, <SEP> 600 <SEP> watts
Current: <SEP> 8 <SEP> amps
Voltage <SEP> : <SEP> 2,000 <SEP> volts
<SEP> (drops <SEP> to <SEP> 200 <SEP>
volts)
Quantum <SEP> Energy <SEP> Generated: <SEP>
Type: <SEP> heat, <SEP> x-rays, <SEP>
high-energy <SEP> photons, <SEP> such <SEP>
as <SEP> gamma
rays, <SEP> betatron, <SEP> infrared, <SEP>
microwaves, <SEP> visible <SEP> light, <SEP>
other
Powerlnput-total <SEP> (POWerHF <SEP> Generator
<SEP> + <SEP> t <SEP> : <SEP> 3,
<SEP> 600 <SEP> watts
Powercurrent <SEP> Generator)
Poweroutput-totDl <SEP> :, <SEP> 7, <SEP>
000 <SEP> watts
EXAMPLE THREE
In this experiment, the closed dielectric container described
in Example One was replaced with an open container similar to
the one shown in Figure 14 for the purpose of determining
whether the quantum macro object could still be generated
under without having to evacuate the container.
Indeed, due to the openness of the container, it was
impossible to evacuate the container. In this respect, the
quantum macro object would be created under conditions closer
resembling those in which natural ball lightning is created.
Again, air was used as the preferred gaseous substance. In
addition, the container was made of quartz to allow for the
creation of a high temperature dielectric within its walls.
Similar to Example One, the input power level of the high
frequency radiation was generated at 2,000 watts, and at a
frequency of 2.48 GHz. This level of power was required to
ionize the air and to generate the quantum macro object within
the container. The high frequency radiation was microwave
radiation generated from a high frequency supply.
The main difference between the present experiment and the
first two examples or experiments is that the present
experiment utilized an electron gun in the form of a tungsten
coil to create the necessary particles (e. g. electron
components) within the container. The tungsten coil was placed
directly beneath the opening of the container. To fill the
open container, high frequency radiation was activated. This
radiation directly contacted the tungsten coil, which produced
a plurality of electrons within the open container. See Figure
14 and corresponding explanation.
As the power was continuously supplied, the quantum object
began to appear. Once the quantum macro object was produced,
an active impact, similar to the one described in Example One,
was introduced upon the quantum macro object, wherein quantum
energy was generated.
The following table represents a summary of the system used,
and the results achieved (i. e. quantum energy generated) from
the present experiment.
EMI26.1
Gaseous <SEP> Substance: <SEP> Air
PreSSUre, <SEP> n. <SEP> t, <SEP> a)
<SEP> (Container) <SEP> I <SEP> atm
Container: <SEP> Diameter: <SEP> 4 <SEP>
in., <SEP> Wall <SEP> thickness: <SEP> 0.4
<SEP> cm.
Shape: <SEP> cylindrical
Material: <SEP> quartz
Particle <SEP> Generator: <SEP> Type: <SEP>
tungsten <SEP> coil
Particle <SEP> Source: <SEP> tungsten <SEP>
coil <SEP> ; <SEP> gaseous <SEP> substance;
<SEP> & <SEP> high <SEP> frequency
radiation
Radiation <SEP> Chamber: <SEP> radiation
<SEP> chamber
High <SEP> Frequency <SEP> Radiation <SEP>
Generator: <SEP> Type: <SEP> high <SEP>
frequency <SEP> microwave <SEP> radiation
Powerjnput <SEP> : <SEP> ~ <SEP> 2,
<SEP> 000 <SEP> watts, <SEP> Frequency:
<SEP> 2.48 <SEP> GHz
Evacuation <SEP> Level <SEP> (Container):
<SEP> None
Rate <SEP> of <SEP> Pressure <SEP> Increase
<SEP> w/in <SEP> Container: <SEP> None
Pressurefinal <SEP> (Container) <SEP> :
<SEP> I <SEP> atm
Current <SEP> Generator <SEP> (active <SEP>
impact): <SEP> Type: <SEP> electromagnetic
<SEP> supply
Powerjnpu <SEP> : <SEP> ~ <SEP> 1,
<SEP> 600 <SEP> watts
Current <SEP> : <SEP> 8 <SEP> amps
Voltage <SEP> : <SEP> ~ <SEP> 2, <SEP>
000 <SEP> volts
Quantum <SEP> Energy <SEP> Generated: <SEP>
Type: <SEP> heat, <SEP> high-energy <SEP>
photons, <SEP> x-rays, <SEP> gamma <SEP>
rays,
other
Power lnput-total <SEP> (PoWerHF <SEP> Generator
<SEP> + <SEP> 3,600 <SEP> watts
Power current <SEP> Generator)
Power ou, <SEP> pu-zotal <SEP> : <SEP>
~ <SEP> 7,000 <SEP> watts
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms
without departing from its spirit of essential
characteristics. The described embodiments are to be
considered in all respects only al illustrative and not
restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore,
indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing
description. All changes, which come within the meaning and
range of equivalency of the claims, are to be embraced within
their scope
Chukanov's Ball-Lightning:
Ball-Lightning for Free-Energy Applications
by
Laura Chukanov
( 9-11-2005 )
Kiril Chukanov presents an experimentalist's dream come true:
a detailed guide to creating ball-lightning for free-energy
related applications, something that he's never before
revealed to the public. Download our exclusive MS-Word
overview for the photos, schematics, and instructions to begin
your own experimentation today!
Kiril notes that before starting work on this problem you
must be willing to fight and overcome in yourself the
scientific mentality which you received during your
conventional university education. In other words, be very
open-minded to ideas which considerably differ from the
currently accepted scientific dogmas.
Some Notables:
1. Ball Lightning is not Plasma; Ball Lightning is a
“Two-dimensional Macro Quantum Unit”;
2. Quantum Free Energy is not a “bond energy” ( chemical or
nuclear); Quantum Free Energy is a result of a Violation of
Law of Energy Conservation in some particular quantum
conditions; Quantum Free Energy is not ZPE; ZPE is “science
fiction” based on the ignorance and scientific ambitions of
some free energy researchers;
3. Plasma and nuclear scientists do not understand the nature
of ball lightning and the nature of Quantum Free Energy; they
cannot judge (from their scientific positions) the reality of
this great scientific and technological discovery – do not
take seriously their opinion and advices, avoid to discuses
with them (this will be waste of time for you) this matter.
The Next Step in Energy Generation
Kiril Chukanov provides additional detail into the
ball-lightning energy-generation technology that he's
developed, including a detailed response to many of the
questions that arose from Lesson #1. Click here for the
ultimate overview of controlled-plasma energy-generation, and
it's applications to new energy generation...
"The present paper is not a scientific article intended for
publication in Nature magazine or any other respected
scientific journal. This is a Gift from me to all people
(scientists or laics) who are willing to replicate some of my
experiments on Quantum Free Energy. All of the following
presented facts on QFE are verified by experiment.
I thank all people who sent their comments (majority of them
directly to my e-mail address) on Lesson #1. In next lessons I
will seriously take their critiques and recommendations. Most
comments are amicable and encouragable. Other comments are
critical and humiliating. Some people focus their critiques on
my imperfect grammar and style. O.K., I agree – this is
important for better understanding, but don’t forget that I am
an adopted son of America – my English cannot be as perfect as
yours. Some critics are skeptical about the reality of the
presented facts. Well, if you are skeptical, you can verify my
claims in an experimental way – you have full information for
that. In Lesson #1, I don’t claim that ball lightning nucleus
has temperature 10,000 K. What I want to say is: if considered
as a plasma formation, ball lightning nucleus must have this
temperature (corresponding to the observed color – white-sky
blue). However, ball lightning nucleus is not a plasma
formation (plasmoid), it is a Two-dimensional Macro Quantum
Closed Material Contour. For more information you can see my
scientific reports posted on my web-site. As explained in
these reports, the source of energy of this very bright
(white-sky blue formation) quantum object is the synchrotron
free energy photon radiation. And, so on. If you want to
understand this unusual natural phenomenon you just must
change your “plasma- nuclear” mentality."
Background of Dr Kiril Chukanov
Dr Kiril Chukanov was born and raised in Bulgaria. In
1963, Kiril Chukanov graduated with BS in Architecture and
Civil Engineering from Sofia Architectural College, which is
located in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. He then studied
Civil Engineering from 1963-1965 in the Sofia Civil
Engineering Institute. In 1965, Kiril Chukanov transferred to
St Petersburg Civil Engineering Institute, which is located in
St Petersburg, Russia, where, in 1969, he received his
Master’s Degree in technology. Dr Chukanov then
continued his education in Moscow, Russia, where, in 1977, he
received a PhD in thermodynamics. Some period of
time(1969-1988) Dr K. Chukanov worked on different positions:
production manager, research scientist, University professor.
Since 1988 to date Dr K.Chukanov works exclusively on Quantum
Energy research. In Bulgaria, 1988-1990, Dr Chukanov’s QE work
was mainly funded by the governamental organization NISA (now
non-existing). During this period of time got a technical help
from different persons, to whom he is very grateful. In 1990,
Dr K.Chukanov was invited to a California based small company
MPI in the USA, where he continued his research, obtained his
first US patent on Quantum Energy. Between 1990 and 1992 Dr
Chukanov worked on his Quantum Free Energy project in the
Silicon Valley located company Genmark Automation. His work
was supported by Genko Genov – owner of this company (Genko
Genov died in accident in 1998).
Dr Chukanov is not “implemented” in the USA and “managed” by
some secret person (out of the USA) as some, obviously
mentally ill people, are claiming. Dr Kiril Chukanov is not
connected or supervised by any persons or organizations “in”,
and “out” of the USA.
During some short period of time (1992-1993) Dr Kiril
Chukanov worked on the problem of Cold Fusion in the
University of Utah.
In 1993, Dr Kiril Chukanov founded company “General Energy
International” located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Later, 1996,
Dr Chukanov founded another research company “Chukanov Quantum
Energy, LLC” which exists now.
In the USA Dr Kiril Chukanov published three books: Final
Quantum Revelation (General Quantum Mechanics-Part I,1994),
General Quantum Mechanics -Part II (2001), and General Quantum
Mechanics – Part III (2005). Dr.Chukanov’s intellectual rights
on Quantum Energy are protected by two patents.
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