Giuliana
NORETTA, et al.
Peach vs Cancer
https://news.wsu.edu/2014/03/26/research-peach-extract-slows-breast-cancer-growth-spread/
March 26, 2014
Research:
Peach extract slows breast cancer growth, spread
by Eric
Sorensen
WSU
science writer
A Washington State University food scientist and colleagues at
Texas A&M have found that compounds in peaches can inhibit
the growth of breast cancer cells and their ability to spread.
Writing in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, the
researchers say the compounds could be a novel addition to
therapies that reduce the risk of metastasis, the primary killer
in breast and many other cancers. The compounds could be given
as an extract or, judging from the doses given mice in the
study, two to three peaches a day.
“I would do three peaches a day,” said Giuliana Noratto, WSU
assistant professor of food science.
Study
expands to other foods
The study also underscores the value of good nutrition in
preventing cancer, she said.
“Having enough fruits and vegetables that can provide these
compounds in our diet, we might have a similar preventive
effect,” said Noratto. She is now looking at compounds in wheat,
barley, quinoa, apples and dairy products that could have a role
in preventing obesity-related diseases.
The research was part of her doctoral work at Texas A&M with
plant breeder David Byrne, food scientist Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
and toxicologist Weston Porter.
Medicinal
plant tradition
She was drawn to the research after doing work on the
antioxidant activity of root plants in her native Peru.
“We have a huge tradition of medicinal plants,” she said. “We
are great believers that you can cure yourself by having a good
diet and a good supply of medicinal plants.”
In 2009, Noratto and her colleagues at Texas A&M published a
study showing that peach and plum extracts suppressed breast
cancer cells cultured in petri dishes. For the new study, the
researchers implanted breast cancers cells beneath the skin of
mice. The technique, called a xenograft, is often used to look
at the growth of breast cancer cells in a living animal,
mimicking the interactions by which tumors form and progress.
Metastasis
inhibited too
After giving the cells a week to establish, the researchers fed
the mice varying doses of peach polyphenols, compounds that help
plants ward off the damaging effects of the sun’s ultraviolet
radiation.
“There are several studies showing that these compounds act as
antioxidants and can therefore protect DNA against damage that
can produce cancer,” said Noratto, the first author of both
studies. Other researchers have seen that phenomenon, Noratto
said, but she and her colleagues wanted to know if the compounds
might start a cascade of signals that could induce the cancer
cells to commit suicide.
“We didn’t even think about metastasis at that time,” she said.
“The surprise was we analyzed lungs and beside the fact that the
peach compounds inhibited the growth of the tumor, they also
inhibited the metastasis levels on the lungs.”
Moreover, after 12 days the researchers saw that mice fed with
high levels of polyphenols had tumors that grew less and without
much of the blood vessel formation that can help cancer cells
spread to other parts of the body. The tumors in those mice also
had less evidence of enzymes involved in the spread and invasion
of cancer.
The doses given the mice, if scaled up to a 132-pound person,
could be supplied by two to three peaches a day or a dietary
supplement of peach polyphenol extract powder.
Contact:
Giuliana Noratto, WSU assistant professor of food
science, 509-335-0382, giuliana.noratto@wsu.edu
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745759
J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Jul;25(7):796-800.
doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Polyphenolics
from peach (Prunus persica var. Rich Lady) inhibit tumor
growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells in
vivo.
Noratto
G, Porter W, Byrne D, Cisneros-Zevallos L
Abstract
The tumor growth inhibition and anti-metastatic effects of
peach polyphenolics were investigated in vivo using a xenograft
model and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. Results showed that
tumor growth and lung metastasis were inhibited in vivo by peach
polyphenolics in a dose range of 0.8-1.6 mg/day, and these
effects were mediated by inhibition of metalloproteinases gene
expression. Modulation of metalloproteinase-2,
metalloproteinase-3 and metalloproteinase-13 gene expression may
be some of the molecular targets for anti-metastatic activity of
peach polyphenolics. Therefore, these compounds may constitute a
novel chemopreventive tool to reduce the risk of metastasis in
the combination therapy when primary cancer is diagnosed.
Conversion to equivalent human intake for future clinical
studies using the body surface area normalization method gave a
dose of ~370.6 mg/day for a human adult of 60 kg, which can be
supplied by consuming two to three peach fruit per day or
alternatively using a dietary supplement peach polyphenol
extract powder.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19530711
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jun 24;57(12):5219-26.
doi: 10.1021/jf900259m.
Identifying
peach and plum polyphenols with chemopreventive potential
against estrogen-independent breast cancer cells.
Noratto
G, Porter W, Byrne D, Cisneros-Zevallos L.
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the cancer suppression activity of
extracts from a commercial variety of yellow-fleshed peach 'Rich
Lady' (RL) and a red-fleshed plum 'Black Splendor' (BS) and
identify the phenolic fractions that may possess potential as
chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic natural compounds. The
peach RL extract effectively inhibited the proliferation of the
estrogen-independent MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cell line. The
concentration to inhibit 50% of cell proliferation (IC(50)) was
approximately 42 mg/L for this cell line compared to an IC(50)
of approximately 130 and approximately 515 mg/L for the
noncancerous breast cell line MCF-10A and the estrogen-dependent
breast cancer cell line MCF-7, respectively. Similarly, BS
extracts showed greater effects on MDA-MB-435 cells as compared
to the other breast cancer or the normal breast cell lines. In
general, BS extracts were less effective than RL extracts.
Within all RL and BS fractions, fraction 3 (F3, flavonoids) and
fraction 4 (F4, procyanidins) were more potent than fraction 1
(F1, phenolic acids) and fraction 2 (F2, anthocyanins) against
the three cell lines. The order of potency of RL fractions
against MDA-MB-435 was F(3) approximately F(4) > F(1) >
F(2). The antiproliferative activity of pure compounds
identified in F(3) and F(1) confirmed that quercetin
3beta-glucoside is the bioactive compound in F(3), with the same
level of toxicity on the estrogen-independent MDA-MB-435 breast
cancer and breast epithelial MCF-10A cells (IC(50) = 1.9 +/- 0.2
and 1.8 +/- 0.3, respectively). However, we confirmed that
phenolic acids present in F(1): chlorogenic and neo-chlorogenic
acids have potential as chemopreventive dietary compounds
because of the relatively high growth inhibition exerted on the
estrogen-independent MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cell line and low
toxicity exerted in the normal MCF-10A cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24996346
Food Chem. 2014 Dec 1;164:363-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.060. Epub 2014 May 20.
Polyphenols
of selected peach and plum genotypes reduce cell viability
and inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells while not
affecting normal cells.
Vizzotto
M, Porter W, Byrne D, Cisneros-Zevallos L.
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts and fractions of selected peach and plum
genotypes were evaluated for cell viability and
antiproliferation activity in vitro against an estrogen
independent MDA-MB-435 and estrogen dependent MCF-7 breast
cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous breast line MCF-10A. All
extracts showed a phenolic dose-dependent cytotoxic effect
against MDA-MB-435, weak activity against MCF-7 and small or no
activity against MCF-10A. Genotype phenolic profiles showed
varying degrees of polyphenolic mixtures. Fractionation of peach
BY00P6653 extracts gave 4 fractions, with fraction F-I (caffeic
acid derivatives) showing a strong activity against MDA-MB-435
followed by fraction F-II (anthocyanins). Induced-apoptosis by
F-I on MDA-MB-435 was confirmed by Tunnel nuclear staining of
cells with apoptotic DNA fragmentation (0-100 μg/mL) with no
effects in normal cells (0-200 μg/mL). Selected stone fruit
genotypes can be added to the list of fruits with cytotoxic
effects against breast cancer cells while not affecting normal
cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18751377
Anticancer Res. 2008 Jul-Aug;28(4B):2067-76.
Inhibition
of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer
cells by peach and plum phenolic compounds.
Lea MA,
Ibeh C, desBordes C, Vizzotto M, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Byrne
DH, Okie WR, Moyer MP.
Abstract
The action of extracts from anthocyanin-enriched plums and
peaches on growth and differentiation was studied with human
colon cancer cells. Growth inhibitory effects were observed in
Caco-2, SW1116, HT29 and NCM460 cells. In Caco-2 cells but not
in the other cells studied there was evidence for increased
differentiation as judged by increased activity of alkaline
phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase. A differentiating effect
on Caco-2 cells was not seen with cyanidin or
cyanidin-3-glucoside but the action of the fruit extracts was
additive with the action of butyrate and with the MEK1/2
inhibitor U0126. Fractionation using C18 indicated activity
resided within a fraction containing anthocyanins but further
fractionation using LH-20 suggested that most of the activity
was in a fraction containing polyphenols other than
anthocyanins. It was concluded that several peach and plum
phenolic molecules can influence growth and differentiation in
human colon cancer cells.
KR20070110689
PHARMACEUTICAL
COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN EXTRACT OF PRUNUS PERSICA L
PREVENTING FROM HEPATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY INDUCED BY
ANTICANCER AGENT
A pharmaceutical composition comprising the extract of Prunus
persica L.(peach) for inhibiting hepatotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity induced by an anticancer agent is provided to
inhibit growth of cancer cells and increase anticancer effects
with reducing side effects of cisplatin such as toxicity when
the composition and cisplatin is simultaneously administered. A
pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting hepatotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity induced by an anticancer agent comprises 0.01-99
wt.%, preferably 0.02-50 wt.% of the extract of Prunus persica
L. which is prepared by extracting Prunus persica L. with a
solvent selected from water, C1-C4 lower alcohol or a mixed
solvent thereof, wherein the Prunus persica L. is white peach or
yellow peach; the daily dosage of Prunus persica L. extract is
0.0001-100 mg/kg, preferably 0.001-10 mg/kg; and the composition
is formulated as tablet, pill, powder, granule, capsule,
suspension, solution, emulsion or syrup.
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