rexresearch
Kenneth RAUEN
Superclassical Cycle Heat Engine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lBDve65dAo
SSE Talks - Proell Effect, Energy Devices, Maxwell's Demon - Kenneth Rauen // Society for Scientific Exploration
Maxwell's Demon is a legitimate challenge to the universality of the Second Law of Thermodynamics when the "demon" is executed via the Proell effect. Thermal energy transfer according to the Kinetic Theory of Heat and Statistical Mechanics that takes place over distances greater than the mean free path of the gas circumvents the microscopic randomness that leads to macroscopic irreversibility. No information is required to "sort" the particles, as no sorting occurs.
The Proell effect achieves quasi-spontaneous thermal separation without sorting by the perturbation of a heterogeneous constant volume system with displacement and regeneration. The classical analysis of the constant volume process, such as found in the Stirling Cycle, is incomplete and therefore incorrect. There are extra energy flows that classical thermo does not recognize. When a working fluid is displaced across a temperature gradient through a regenerative heat exchanger, complimentary pressure-volume compression and expansion work takes place that transfers energy between the regenerator and the bulk gas volumes on the hot and cold sides of the constant volume system that is not recognized by classical thermo, but which completely conforms to classical thermo. Heat capacity at constant pressure applies instead of heat capacity at constant volume. The increased energy flow represented by the heat capacity ratio, gamma, represents such a large increase in the heat that can be recycled in a regenerator that it can exceed the Carnot limit in certain cycles. Heat engines and heat pumps have been designed from this concept, and a US patent has been awarded.
Recorded at the 29th annual SSE Conference in 2010 in Boulder, Colorado, USA.
102 Electrical Energy Innovations
Gsry Vesperman
Rauen Cycle and Superclassical Cycle Environmental Heat Engines
Ken Rauen's Rauen cycle and Superclassical cycle engines also expand working fluids with environmental heat to provide useful net mechanical power. The Superclassical cycle engine has U.S. Patent No. 6,698,200 for “Efficiency thermodynamic engine":
Abstract -- A novel thermodynamic engines including a piston operating on a compressible fluid in a thermally insulated volume, which also includes a movable displacer which selectively divides the internal volume between a warm and a cold side, and a regenerator through which the fluid from the selectively divided volume passes and transfer its heat to or receives heat from, wherein the piston and displacer are each periodically moved in various complex motions according to the present invention to provide efficiency higher than Carnot efficiency.
The resulting novel structures and methods, generally referred to as "Superclassical Cycle" engines, incorporate constant volume cooling and aspects of the "Proell Effect" (relative to cooling) to achieve improved efficiencies wherein the gas temperature on the cold side of a fluid displacer is below the lowest regenerator temperature due to "self-refrigeration." Thus according to the apparatus and methods according to the present invention, the traditional principals of the Second Law is further refined and higher operating efficiencies achieved. (End of abstract)
...microscopic randomness that leads to macroscopic irreversibility. No information is required to “sort” the particles, as no sorting occurs. The Proell effect achieves quasi-spontaneous thermal separation without sorting by the perturbation of a heterogeneous constant volume system with displacement and regeneration. The classical analysis of the constant volume process, such as found in the Stirling Cycle, is incomplete and therefore incorrect. There are extra energy flows that classical thermo does not recognize. When a working fluid is displaced across a temperature gradient through a regenerative heat exchanger, complimentary pressure-volume compression and expansion work takes place that transfers energy between the regenerator and the bulk gas volumes on the hot and cold sides of the constant volume system that is not recognized by classical thermo, but which completely conforms to classical thermo. Heat capacity at constant pressure applies instead of heat capacity at constant volume. The increased energy flow represented by the heat capacity ratio, gamma, represents such a large increase in the heat that can be recycled in a regenerator that it can exceed the Carnot limit in certain cycles. Heat engines and heat pumps have been designed from this concept, and a US patent has been awarded. (End of abstract)
In an interview, http://www.ongreen.com/deal-marketplace/environmentally-heated-engine, Ken Rauen states that a Superclassical cycle engine apparently could be prepared for production in two years with $1,500,000. The market seems to be larger than $50,000,000,000...
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AIPC.1411..167R/abstract
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/1411/1/167-192/872999
AIP Conference Proc., Volume 1411, Issue 1; 1 December 2011
The Proell Effect: A Macroscopic Maxwell's Demon
Rauen, Kenneth M.
Maxwell's Demon is a legitimate challenge to the Second Law of Thermodynamics when the "demon" is executed via the Proell effect. Thermal energy transfer according to the Kinetic Theory of Heat and Statistical Mechanics that takes place over distances greater than the mean free path of a gas circumvents the microscopic randomness that leads to macroscopic irreversibility. No information is required to sort the particles as no sorting occurs; the entire volume of gas undergoes the same transition. The Proell effect achieves quasi-spontaneous thermal separation without sorting by the perturbation of a heterogeneous constant volume system with displacement and regeneration. The classical analysis of the constant volume process, such as found in the Stirling Cycle, is incomplete and therefore incorrect. There are extra energy flows that classical thermo does not recognize. When a working fluid is displaced across a regenerator with a temperature gradient in a constant volume system, complimentary compression and expansion work takes place that transfers energy between the regenerator and the bulk gas volumes of the hot and cold sides of the constant volume system. Heat capacity at constant pressure applies instead of heat capacity at constant volume. The resultant increase in calculated, recyclable energy allows the Carnot Limit to be exceeded in certain cycles. Super-Carnot heat engines and heat pumps have been designed and a US patent has been awarded.
US6698200 -- Efficiency thermodynamic engine
A novel thermodynamic engines including a piston operating on a compressible fluid in a thermally insulated volume, which also includes a movable displacer which selectively divides the internal volume between a warm and a cold side, and a regenerator through which the fluid from the selectively divided volume passes and transfer its heat to or receives heat from, wherein the piston and displacer are each periodically moved in various complex motions according to the present invention to provide efficiency higher than Carnot efficiency. The resulting novel structures and methods, generally referred to as "Superclassical Cycle" engines, incorporate constant volume cooling and aspects of the "Proell Effect" (relative to cooling) to achieve improved efficiencies wherein the gas temperature on the cold side of a fluid displacer is below the lowest regenerator temperature due to "self-refrigeration." Thus according to the apparatus and methods according to the present invention, the traditional principals of the Second Law is further refined and higher operating efficiencies achieved.