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Sodium Chlorite / Chlorate Manufacture
Sodium Chlorite
Sodium Chlorate
Chlorine Dioxide
Sodium Chlorite
CN103159178A -- Preparation method of sodium chlorite
The invention discloses a preparation method of sodium chlorite. The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) enabling sodium chlorate solution to react with hydrochloric acid to generate chlorine dioxide gas and chlorine; (2) leading chlorine dioxide gas and chlorine into sodium chlorite solution to further react, so as to generate chlorine dioxide gas; (3) leading the chlorine dioxide gas into sodium hydroxide solution, and adding hydrogen peroxide to react, so as to generate sodium chlorite at the same time; (4) crystallizing and drying sodium chlorite prepared in the step (3) to obtain a final product, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate solution in the step (1) is 25-33%, the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution in the step (1) is 31%, and the molar ratio of the hydrochloric acid to chlorous acid in the step (1) is (1-1.5) to 2. The preparation method of sodium chlorite disclosed by the invention does not utilize concentrated sulfuric acid of which the concentration is over 95%, is easy in control of the reaction process, not drastic in reaction, higher in safety coefficient, low in cost, and suitable for industrial large-scale application at the same time.
US2520915 -- Preparation of sodium chlorite
US6251357 -- HIGH PURITY ALKALI METAL CHLORITE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
Alkali metal chlorite, particularly sodium chlorite, is produced with a low carbonate level by combining a chlorine dioxide generating system operating at subatmospheric pressure with a chlorite formation reactor in which the chlorine dioxide reacts with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, particularly sodium hydroxide.
GB672197 -- Manufacture of chlorites
Chlorites are formed by reducing chlorine dioxide with arsenious acid in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, or alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide, while avoiding an excess of arsenious acid. 70-80 per cent of the arsenate produced, e.g. sodium arsenate, precipitates from the chlorite solution, and the balance is recovered by evaporation. It is reconverted to arsenious acid, for reuse, by treatment in solution with sulphur dioxide.
GB605983 -- Manufacture of alkali chlorites
In the manufacture of an alkali chlorite, a mixture of chlorine and chlorine-dioxide, produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on an alkali and/or alkaline earth chlorate and entrained by air, is caused to undergo particle physical purification of the chlorine dioxide by being mixed with a concentrated solution of an alkali or alkaline earth chloride and/or chlorate, whereby most of the chlorine dioxide and a little chlorine are absorbed, which mixture is then desorbed, e.g. by a current of air, and further purified by being passed through a solution or milk of lime or another alkaline earth base after which the chlorine dioxide is absorbed by an alkali hydroxide and/or carbonate, the products, e.g. sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate thus obtained being separated by crystallisation and, if desired, by evaporation. The chlorates, for the production of which the unabsorbed gases from the partial physical purification may be used, fused in the production of the chlorine dioxide may be previously freed from all or a part of alkali or alkaline earth chlorides. The solution after desorption may be used for absorbing further quantities of the gases, while the gaseous mixture from the desorption tower may be brought into contact with a solution or milk of an alkaline earth hydroxide to produce a gaseous mixture containing only air and chlorine, dioxide and a solution of alkaline earth chloride and chlorate which may be returned to the chlorine dioxide generator, as may be the alkali chlorate separated from the chlorite in the final stage while the mother liquors may be returned to the final absorption.
Sodium Chlorate
Moisture-activated chlorine dioxide-releasing powder and method of manufacture -- CN119768057
Methods of making moisture activated powders are provided that provide for the generation and release of chlorine dioxide without detectable amounts of any toxic by-products, such as chlorine, chlorite, or chlorate. The powder does not need to be exposed to light before or during exposure of the powder to moisture or relative humidity to generate the gas. The powder may also be prepared under conditions that minimize or prevent decomposition or oxidation of sodium chlorite or premature moisture activation of the powder during the manufacturing process to maximize its activity.
PERCHLORATE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND PERCHLORATE MANUFACTURING METHOD -- JP5755997B2
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture perchlorate in which an alkali metal ion that becomes an impurity is extremely reduced.SOLUTION: A perchlorate manufacturing apparatus 100 includes: an electrolytic bath 210 in which an anode bath 220 storing an aqueous solution containing a chlorate ion and a sodium ion and provide with a positive pole 322, and a cathode bath 230 storing HO and provided with a negative pole 332 are partitioned by a cation exchange membrane 240; a direct-current stabilizing power supply 260 for applying a voltage to the positive pole 322 and the negative pole 332; a basic compound introducing part 400 for introducing a basic compound to an anode solution (secondary anode solution AS2) produced by the electrolytic oxidation in the anode bath 220, and causing the pH value of the anode solution to be exceeding 7.0; and a carbon dioxide introducing part 450 for introducing carbon dioxide to the alkaline anode solution whose pH value is exceeding 7.0
COMPOSITION FOR PRODUCTING CHLORINE DIOSIDE -- KR20110074402
PURPOSE: A chlorine dioxide generation composite is provided to prevent the explosiveness accident generated among the manufacture, the circulation, or the keeping by blocking the chemical reaction of the acidic additive and oxide-based additive fundamentally, and secure the stability and to be added to induce the generation of chlorine dioxide which can prevent constitutional change. CONSTITUTION: The chlorine dioxide generation composite includes: an acidic additive formed in the powder form which is more than one selected from the citric acid, the sodium bisulfate, oxalic acid, vitamin C, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate and calcium chloride; and an oxide-based additive formed in the powder form which is more than one selected from the sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloride isocyanuric acid sodium, sodium bromide and sodium hydrogen carbonate. The acidic additive includes the solid citric acid of 70~80 weight% and 5~15 weight% magnesium sulfate and 10~20 weight% calciumsulfate. The oxide-based additive includes sodium solid chlorite of 50~60 weight% , 15~25 weight% sodium chlorate, and 10~20 weight% dichlorination isocyanic acid sodium and 1~10 weight% sodium hydrogen carbonate. The composition rate of the oxide-based additive and acidic additive is 10~60 : 40~90.
Electrolytic manufacture of chlorates, using a plurality of electrolytic cells -- US3897320
A sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed to produce a high strength caustic solution and sodium chlorate solution, using two different electrolytic cells. In the first cell, a two-compartment cell in which the compartments are separated by a permselective membrane of a hydrolyzed copolymer of a perfluorinated hydrocarbon and a fluorosulfonated perfluorovinyl ether or of a sulfostyrenated perfluorinated ethylene propylene polymer, the sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed at a pH of about 4 to 7 to produce aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the cathode compartment and chlorine and cell liquor containing chlorate in the anode compartment. Then, the cell liquor, already containing some chlorate, is further electrolyzed in a conventional chlorate cell or equivalent apparatus to convert chloride therein to chlorate. After separation of the chlorate from chloride present with it the chloride is returned to the first cell.
CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE BY COUPLING WITH A SODIUM CHLORATE PRODUCTION PLANT -- US5087334
The present invention relates to a continuous process for the manufacture of potassium chlorate by coupling with a plant for the production of sodium chlorate by electrolysis, the said plant comprising a source of NaCl solution, (1), a loop for purification of the said solution (2-2', 3), an electrolysis device (4), a storage tank (5), if appropriate, and a crystallizer (6) in which the crystallization and the separation of NaClO3 crystals are preferably carried out, wherein circulating liquid is removed downstream of the said electrolysis device (4), a concentrated solution of potassium chloride is added to said liquid, precipitation (11) of the potassium chlorate is caused by any known means, the said potassium chlorate is separated off and the mother liquor from crystallization of the said potassium chlorate is recycled into the said purification loop (2-2', 3) of the sodium chlorate production plant.
Electrolytic process for the manufacture of alkali metal halate -- US4422909
An electrolytic apparatus for the production of an alkali metal halate, such as sodium chlorate, from an aqueous solution of alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, includes vertical anodes and cathodes in alternating relationship in a housing, and an upwardly oriented flow directing funneling chimney structure in the housing and over the electrodes, through which, electrolyte between the electrodes rises, passing from a wider portion of the funnel to a narrower part thereof, and a connected chimney passageway, from which it is returned for recirculation to a location below the electrodes after removal of gas from it. Different structures of the electrolytic apparatus or cell are specifically disclosed, in one of which the electrolyte, after having passed through the funnel structure, moves longitudinally with respect to the cell, and in the other of which it moves transversely. Also disclosed are apparatuses of the types mentioned which include a plurality of the described funnel devices. Methods for the manufacture of alkali metal chlorate by utilization of such apparatuses are also described. Additionally, several improvements in electrodes structures, joinders of electrodes to conductors, spacings of electrodes and sealings of electrodes, conductors and cell parts are illustrated.
Electrolytic apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal halate -- US4332648
An improved electrolytic apparatus for the production of an alkali metal halate, such as sodium chlorate, from an aqueous solution of alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, includes modular, vertical anodes and cathodes in alternating relationship in a housing, and an upwardly oriented flow directing funneling chimney structure in a cylindrical shaped housing and over the electrodes, through which, electrolyte between the electrodes rises, passing from a wider portion of the funnel to a narrower part thereof, and a connected chimney passageway, from which it is returned from recirculation to a location below the electrodes after removal of gas from it. Different structures of the electrolytic apparatus or cell are specifically disclosed in one of which the electrolyte, after having passed through the funnel structure, moves longitudinally with respect to the cell, and in the other of which it moves transversely. Also disclosed are alternate embodiments of the apparatuses of the types mentioned which include heat exchangers and a plurality of the described funnel devices. Methods for the manufacture of alkali metal chlorate by utilization of such apparatuses are also described. Additionally, several improvements in electrode structures, joinders of electrodes to conductors, spacings of electrodes and sealings of electrodes, conductors and cell parts are illustrated.
Electrolytic apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal halate -- US4332659
An electrolytic apparatus for the production of an alkali metal halate, such as sodium chlorate, from an aqueous solution of alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, includes vertical anodes and cathodes in alternating relationship in a housing, and an upwardly oriented flow directing funneling chimney structure in the housing and over the electrodes, through which, electrolyte between the electrodes rises, passing from a wider portion of the funnel to a narrower part thereof, and a connected chimney passageway, from which it is returned for recirculation to a location below the electrodes after removal of gas from it. Different structures of the electrolytic apparatus or cell are specifically disclosed, in one of which the electrolyte, after having passed through the funnel structure, moves longitudinally with respect to the cell, and in the other of which it moves transversely. Also disclosed are apparatuses of the types mentioned which include a plurality of the described funnel devices. Methods for the manufacture of alkali metal chlorate by utilization of such apparatuses are also described. Additionally, several improvements in electrode structures, joinders of electrodes to conductors, spacings of electrodes and sealings of electrodes, conductors and cell parts are illustrated.
ELECTROCHEMICAL APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HALATES -- US4218293
An apparatus for the manufacture of halate, such as sodium chlorate, includes an electrolytic cell having a plurality of anodes (21) (23) (25) (27) and cathodes (35) (37) (39) (41), clearance passageways between which have electrolyte, hypohalite and gaseous electrolysis product, principally hydrogen moving upwardly between them, an enclosure (49) covering the tops of at least four such passageways and narrowing down to a passageway extending upwardly from the top of the enclosure and downward passage for circulation of electrolyte which includes an upper baffled portion (13) and a lower unbaffled portion (15), the unbaffled part being alongside the electrodes and extending to the bottom of the cell, from which electrolyte is drawn upwardly past the electrodes. Natural circulation due to gravity flow and density differences between the liquid electrolyte and that entrained in gas or having gas entrained in it is normally sufficient so that stirring or pumping means are not required. The invention provides a means for converting higher current density cells to lower current density cells so as to be more energy efficient. In such conversions additional anode-cathode units are installed between those already in place and gases generated from them are collected with gases generated from an adjacent originally present anode-cathode unit and are moved upwardly with entrained liquid through previously existing passages while other circulating electrolyte is moved downwardly, also through previously existing passageways, baffled and unbaffled. Other aspects of the invention related to particular types of spacers between electrodes and to more energy efficient lower current density electrochemical processes for manufacturing sodium chlorate.
Process for the manufacture of anhydrous sodium perchlorate -- US2004011663
The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of anhydrous sodium perchlorate, according to which an aqueous sodium perchlorate solution originating directly from electrolysis of aqueous sodium chlorate solution is subjected to vacuum evaporation. Another subject-matter of the invention is anhydrous sodium perchlorate crystals which retain good flowability and processes for the manufacture thereof.
Improved Manufacture of Chlorates of Alkali Metals -- GB191513452
Chlorates, p e r c h l orates, alkali, and chlorine, obtaining; electrol y t e s, circulating. - Alkali solution is treated with excess of chlorine outside an electrolytic cell, in order to produce chlorate, and is then returned to the cell, the process being repeated until the solution is sufficiently rich in chlorate, whereupon it is withdrawn, preferably at a point between the cell and the chlorine-treatment apparatus, so that the alkali is present. In the apparatus illustrated, brine is fed from a constant-level feedcup 6 into the anode compartment of a cell 2 of the kind described in Specifications 27,830/07 and 28,147/08, and filters through the diaphragm and perforated cathode. From the cathode compartment, the electrolyte is pumped to a tank 10 in which fresh salt may be dissolved with the help of an agitator 11. An overflow pipe 12 from the tank 10 leads to a settling tank 13, whence the clear solution is conveyed to the top of one or more towers 17, up which chlorine from the cell is drawn by a fan blower 19. A part or the whole of the solution then returns to the feed-cup 6 by way of two tanks 20, 20. Overflow from the feed-cup 6 is pumped back to the second of these tanks 20. Any lime or magnesia in the salt is precipitated by the alkali and may be removed from the mixing and settling tanks by cocks 14, 15. Some of the alkali is thus neutralized, so that the chlorine is in excess. If pure salt is used, a part of the alkali is drawn off by one of these cocks. The temperature of the electrolyte may be above 40 C., external heat being supplied if necessary. Sodium chlorate is obtained by repeatedly circulating the liquid and then withdrawing and concentrating it. The salt separated may be re-used. If potassium chlorate is required, a solution of potassium chloride, with or without sodium chloride, is used, or potassium chloride is added to a sodium chloride solution after treatment. The precipitated potassium chlorate may be removed as a sludge from the mixing and settling tanks 10, 13, separated centrifugally, and recrystallized. A by-pass may be provided for that tank from which the sludge is being removed. The electrolytic chlorine may be liquefied or used for other purposes, chemicallyprepared chlorine being supplied to the treating-tower. In any case, excess of chlorine is preferably employed. Carbon or graphite anodes are suitable. When a mercury or gravity type of cell is used, the chlorate liquors should be freed from carbon by filtration or settling. In a mercury cell, a part or the whole of the solution is allowed to enter the cathode compartment, preferably from the anode compartment. Addition of chromic acid to the electrolyte may be dispensed with. Specifications 6417/87 and 2987/02 also are referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Section 91 (3) (a) states that instead of electrolytic alkali, a cheaper alkali, such as carbonate, may be used, and that perchlorate may be obtained by prolonging the circulation, or by using a chlorate electrolyte and lowering the temperature. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Improvements in or relating to the Electrolytic Manufacture of Chlorates Perchlorates, Bromates, Iodates and the like -- GB190117320
Bromates; chlorates; iodates; perchlorates.- These or like compounds are produced by electrolysis of chloride, chlorate, or like solutions, containing a small quantity of chromic 'acid, which is kept in the state of bichromate by adding small quantities of a dilute acid, preferably hydrochloric, hydrobromic, or hydriodic acid, to the solution, so that it is never alkaline. The chromic acid remains unaltered, chlorine is not evolved, and the process is efficient as regards the current required. A warm solution of sodium or potassium chloride may be electrolysed, with additions of the chloride, so far that chlorate crystallizes out from the solution when this is cooled, without concentration ; the residual solution is returned to the electrolytic apparatus. Cathodes of carbon, iron, copper, or brass may be used, and the apparatus may be made of any desired material.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Sodium Chlorate -- GB189712534
Sodium chlorate is prepared by acting upon finely-divided dry sodium carbonate with dry chlorine. The chlorine may be dried by passage through a coke scrubber. The production may be made continuous, the chlorine and sodium carbonate passing continuously in opposite directions. The product is a mixture of chlorate and chloride, from which the former is extracted by differential lixiviation in jacketed lixiviating-tanks.
Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells for the manufacture of alkali metal chlorate -- GB948287
Electrolytically producing alkali metal chlorate. KREBS & CO. A.G. Nov. 13,1961 [Nov. 12, 1960], No. 40455/61. Heading C7B. Aqueous alkali metal chloride solution is electrolysed to produce alkali metal chlorate by passing the electrolyte between electrodes at an average velocity of at least 10 cms. per second and using a current density of at least 5 amps. per 100 sq. cms. The electrolyte leaving the electrodes is cooled and then recirculated. Fig. 1 shows a cell comprising an iron tank, anodes 14, metal or graphite perforate and imperforate cathodes 6 and 6a, an electrolyte supply 5 and cooling pipes 15. The upper part 9 of the tank has a corrosion resistant lining and is provided with a lid 11. The cathodes extend the full length of the tank and are secured, e.g. by welding, to the tank walls and are spaced from the anodes by not more than 10 mms. Cathode connecting clamps 8, Fig. 2, are provided on the tank walls. In operation, the evolution of gases at the electrodes causes the electrolyte to circulate as indicated in Fig. 1 past the cooling pipes 15. Fig. 4 shows a modification where circulation is aided by a pump 18. A sheet iron funnel 16 and a perforated plate 20 are also incorporated. The pump may circulate the electrolyte as shown or in the opposite direction. As an' alternative, the pump may be arranged above the electrodes. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment where electrolyte circulation is aided by bubbling additional gas through a pipe 22. Reference is made to an electrolyte storage tank for a group of electrolytic cells, the tank containing cooling means and the electrolyte from all the cells circulating through the tank. Sodium dichromate may be added to the electrolyte to form a membrane on the cathode surfaces which helps to suppress undesired cathodic reduction of alkali metal hypochlorite formed in the cell. Aqueous alkali metal chloride solution is electrolysed to produce alkali metal chlorate by passing the electrolyte between electrodes at an average velocity of at least 10 cms. per second and using a current density of at least 5 amps. per 100 sq. cms. The electrolyte leaving the electrodes is cooled and then recirculated. Fig. 1 shows a cell comprising an iron tank, anodes 14, metal or graphite perforate and imperforate cathodes 6 and 6a, an electrolyte supply 5 and cooling pipes 15. The upper part 9 of the tank has a corrosion resistant lining and is provided with a lid 11. The cathodes extend the full length of the tank and are secured, e.g. by welding, to the tank walls and are spaced from the anodes by not more than 10 mms. Cathode connecting clamps 8, Fig. 2, are provided on the tank walls. In operation, the evolution of gases at the electrodes causes the electrolyte to circulate as indicated in Fig. 1 past the cooling pipes 15. Fig. 4 shows a modification where circulation is aided by a pump 18. A sheet iron funnel 16 and a perforated plate 20 are also incorporated. The pump may circulate the electrolyte as shown or in the opposite direction. As an alternative, the pump may be arranged above the electrodes. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment where electrolyte circulation is aided by bubbling additional gas through a pipe 22. Reference is made to an electrolyte storage tank for a group of electrolytic cells, the tank containing cooling means and the electrolyte from all the cells circulating through the tank. Sodium dichromate may be added to the electrolyte to form a membrane on the cathode surfaces which helps to suppress undesired cathodic reduction of alkali metal hypochlorite formed in the cell.
Manufacture of sodium chlorate -- GB714234
In the manufacture of sodium chlorate by electrolysis of sodium chloride solution, the solution is circulated in the interpolar space between cathode and anode at such a speed that the OH-ions from the cathode cannot reach the anode, the products of electrolysis NAOH + Cl2 thus being carried out of the p interpolar space and allowed to react to form sodium hypochlorite which is transformed to chlorate and chloride by chemical means. The solution, without separation of chlorate may be recycled until the desired conversion is attained. In the drawing sodium chloride solution from tank 13 is passed by pump 15 and line 14 to vat 16 from which is regulated quantities it is fed by line 17 to an inlet chamber 5 of the electrolysis cell. The solution passes up between graphite anode 2 and surrounding cylindrical cathode 1 at a speed correlated to the migration speed of the OH-ions to prevent them reaching the anode, and enters chamber 3. The caustic soda and chlorine unite to form sodium hypochlorite whilst hydrogen also from the electrolysis is withdrawn at 7. The hypochlorite solution leaves chamber 3 by pipe 8 and enters chamber 10 when the hypochlorite breaks down to chloride and chlorate. An equation relating the rate of hypochlorite-chlorate transformation to pH, temperature and concentration of hypochlorite ions is given. Temperature, not exceeding 50 DEG C. and pH between 5.5 and 7.5 are preferred and are obtained by adding hydrochloric acid, for example, at point 9 before the reactants enter tank 10. The solution then passes to tank 13 optionally through a heater 23, and the solution is recycled until the chlorate content is sufficient when it is withdrawn at 31 and new chloride introduced at 30. If desired several such installations may work in series, the pump 15 delivering solution from tank 13 of one to the vat 16 of the next. In an example the cathode anode assembly had a height of 64 cms., the interpolar distance was 1 cm. and the anode diameter 6 cms. The current was 36 amperes and the minimum electrolyte flow rate was 2 litres (but preferably 10) per hour. The electrolysis temperature was 40 DEG C. and the average pH 7.5.
MANUFACTURE OF SODIUM CHLORATE BY ELECTROLYSIS - US4004988
NaClO 3 is made by electrolysis of NaCI solution containing one or more polyphosphorus acids or salts of formula P n O 3n+1 M n+2 or (PO 3 M) n , where M is H or a metal and n is an integer, a substance yielding such a salt or acid on electrolysis or hydrolysis in the solution, or an organic phosphorus acid, whereby alkaline earth metal ions are chemically precipitated and/or cathodically deposited in a loose non-interfering form. Specified acids/salts are metaphosphoric, Na metaphosphate, Na tripolyphosphate, ortho- and pyrophosphoric and their Na salts, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic, aminotrimethane phosphonic and hydroxyethane phosphonic acid. Specified precursors include PH3, P, hypo-, meta-, ortho-, pyro- and polyphosphorous acids and their alkali metal salts, phosphorus tri- and pentahalides, hypophosphoric acid and phosphorus oxyhalides. From 0À5-10 times the stoichiometric quantity, relative to alkaline earth cations, may be added. The bath pH, temperature and agitation may be adjusted to produce required results, with a filler for removing precipitates in a recirculation line. The electrolyte may be based on NaCI, NaClO 3 , NaOCI and Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 at pH 6-7. An RuO 2 -Ti anode may be used.
Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of alkali metal chlorates -- GB396701
Alkali metal chlorates or solid products containing the same are produced by reacting chlorine, either pure or in admixture with inert gases such as air, with alkali metal carbonate and optionally bicarbonate in the presence of 3-20 per cent of water, reckoned on the weight of the carbonate. The water may be introduced as steam or as a spray, or as vapour carried by the chlorine or as water of crystallization of the alkali metal carbonate. A reaction temperature of 60-80 DEG C. is preferred. In examples relating to the production of sodium chlorate, the carbonate is spread in layers and preferably periodically raked while being treated with chlorine. Alternatively, soda ash containing 3-12 per cent of water passes through a rotating iron tube lined with earthenware, in countercurrent to a stream of chlorine-containing gas, initially at 110 DEG C. The issuing gas may pass to the atmosphere through a scrubbing tower, or be recycled with added chlorine. The solid product may be used as a weed-killer or may be leached, sodium chlorate being recovered by evaporation and crystallization.ALSO:A solid admixture of alkali chlorate and chloride with small quantities of unchanged alkali carbonate and bicarbonate for use as a weed-killer is obtained by reacting chlorine with alkali metal carbonate and optionally bicarbonate in the presence of 3-20 per cent of water reckoned on the weight of the carbonate.
Manufacture of alkali chlorites -- GB605983
In the manufacture of an alkali chlorite, a mixture of chlorine and chlorine-dioxide, produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on an alkali and/or alkaline earth chlorate and entrained by air, is caused to undergo particle physical purification of the chlorine dioxide by being mixed with a concentrated solution of an alkali or alkaline earth chloride and/or chlorate, whereby most of the chlorine dioxide and a little chlorine are absorbed, which mixture is then desorbed, e.g. by a current of air, and further purified by being passed through a solution or milk of lime or another alkaline earth base after which the chlorine dioxide is absorbed by an alkali hydroxide and/or carbonate, the products, e.g. sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate thus obtained being separated by crystallisation and, if desired, by evaporation. The chlorates, for the production of which the unabsorbed gases from the partial physical purification may be used, fused in the production of the chlorine dioxide may be previously freed from all or a part of alkali or alkaline earth chlorides. The solution after desorption may be used for absorbing further quantities of the gases, while the gaseous mixture from the desorption tower may be brought into contact with a solution or milk of an alkaline earth hydroxide to produce a gaseous mixture containing only air and chlorine, dioxide and a solution of alkaline earth chloride and chlorate which may be returned to the chlorine dioxide generator, as may be the alkali chlorate separated from the chlorite in the final stage while the mother liquors may be returned to the final absorption.
Manufacture of alkali metal chlorites starting from chlorine dioxide -- US2584824
An electrolytic process of manufacture of alkali-metal chlorites comprises reaction between an alkali metal hydroxide and chlorous acid, the acid being obtained by cathodic reduction of chlorine dioxide and caused to react with the hydroxide in proximity to the cathode of the electrolyte cell where the chlorous acid has been formed. In modifications of the invention the reaction is between chlorine dioxide and an alkali-metal amalgam or an alkali-metal salt. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, sodium hydroxide is introduced into the anode compartment A and passed through a diaphragm D into the cathode compartment C to which chlorine dioxide is supplied through a cathode K in the form of a diffuser of graphite or other porous material. Oxygen is freed at the anode. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, an alkali metal amalgam is supplied to the bottom of a compartment A which is separated by a diaphragm D from a compartment C supplied with chlorine dioxide through a porous member K. This member is connected by a conductor E to the amalgam, the cell becoming a voltaic cell in which the amalgam is decomposed and alkali-metal chlorite is produced. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5, the cathode solution is circulated by a pump M between the cathode compartment C of an electrolytic cell and a scrubber B on which the solution is saturated with chlorine dioxide. Brine enters the anode compartment A at the bottom and overflows at the top. Part of the catholyte is removed through a pipe P and the chlorine dioxide therein is separated from alkali-metal salts by known means, for example evaporation or crystallization. In the process described the catholyte may be supplied with hydrogen peroxide or acid to ensure that no chlorate is formed.
ELECTROCHEMICAL APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HALATES -- US3732153
An electrochemical apparatus for the manufacture of halates, e.g., sodium chlorate, includes an electrolytic cell having monopolar dimensionally stable anodes held to and removable from the cell at a side thereof, and cathodes, ducts for conducting hypohalite and gaseous electrolysis products upwardly through the cell and baffled means for conducting the hypohalite downwardly to a bottom portion of the cell, from which it may be drawn off as chlorate, or recycled, the baffled means for returning the hypohal?te and other electrolyte constituents downwardly being such that the hypohalite will be held for a long enough time so as to become substantially converted to chlorate In preferred aspects of the invention, the dimensionally stable monopolar anodes are of platinum, platinum-iridium alloy or ruthenium oxide over a valve metal such as titanium, tantalum or niobium, internal cooling of the electrodes is provided, conductors are copper rods clad with titanium, which also serve to rigidify the anodes, the cell top is of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic, replenished electrolyte is continually added to the cell, the anodes and cathodes are held apart by spacing lines of electrolyte-resistant plastic, which may be fastened together around a pair of cathode surfaces, and at least two such electrochemical apparatuses are electrically joined by copper connectors of a construction which minimizes thermal expansion-contraction strains on the electrodes.
MANUFACTURE OF SODIUM CHLORATE -- CA755602
MANUFACTURE OF SODIUM CHLORATE -- CA513590
CN108030705 -- Composite sodium chlorite effervescent mouth-washing tablets used for oral caring and preparation method thereof
The invention provides composite sodium chlorite effervescent mouth-washing tablets used for treating and preventing oral diseases. The composite sodium chlorite effervescent mouth-washing tablets aresolid tablets, while in use, the effervescent mouth-washing tablets are dissolved in 100-150 mL of warm water, and mouth is washed for 30 s and then the water is spited. The composite sodium chloriteeffervescent mouth-washing tablets comprise the following raw materials: 5-20% of chlorine dioxide maternal sodium chlorite, 10-30% of an acidifying agent, 5-30% of an effervescent agent, 1-20 %of astabilizing agent, 1-10% of a pH conditioning agent, 1-5% of a foaming agent, 1-5% of an emulsifier, 1-20% of a flavouring agent, and 1-5% of an accessory filler. The effervescent mouth-washing tablets have the advantages of high-efficiency sterilization, wide spectrum and safety, have good efficacy for treating gingivitis, removing dental plaque, and alleviating bad breath, the tablets have the advantages of convenient carrying, easy storage, simple application method, and high biological availability.
CN109010363 -- AIDS virus molecular targeting immune oxygen therapy drug and preparation method thereof
The invention provides an AIDS virus molecular targeting immune oxygen therapy drug and a preparation method thereof, and relates to uses of sodium chlorite or potassium chlorite in preparation of drugs for treating HIV infection and/or AIDS, wherein the concentration of sodium chlorite or potassium chlorite is 0.0015-0.5 wt%. The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition and usesof the pharmaceutical composition in preparation of drugs for treating HIV infection and/or AIDS, wherein the raw materials of the pharmaceutical composition comprise, by weight, 2-10% of sodium chlorite or potassium chlorite, 2-10% of sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate, 0.2-5% of sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, 0.3-1.5% of hydrogen peroxide, and 95-73.5% of deionized water. According to the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition can clear AIDS and other virusesand functionally cure AIDS, wherein the diet, the sleep, the body weight, the physical strength and the spirit of patients are obviously improved during the treatment, the quality of life is comprehensively improved, and the normal life and work is restored.
CN109172745 -- A pet oral bactericide and a preparation method thereof
The invention provides a pet oral bactericide and a preparation method thereof. The pet oral bactericide of the invention is characterized in that the pet oral bactericide comprises sodium chlorite 2-7 parts, sodium dichloroisocyanurate 3-8 parts, sodium bisulfate 10-20 parts, sodium bicarbonate 5-15 parts, boric acid 1-3 parts, hypochlorous acid 2-5 parts, dendrobium extract 5-15 parts, dandelionextract 5-15 parts and 100 parts of distilled water. The bactericide can effectively kill the initiating factors of various oral diseases such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, protozoa and the like in the oral cavity of pets, inhibit their growth, change the original environment conducive to the breeding and reproduction of bacteria in the oral cavity, prevent various common diseases of the oral cavity, remove peculiar smell of the oral cavity, and control and eradicate oral inflammation.
CN1830259 -- Chlorine dioxide disinfectant and its preparation method
A ClO2 disinfectant is prepared from the chlorite chosen from ammonium chlorite, lithium chlorite, sodium chlorite and potassium chlorite and the persulfate chosen from ammonium persulfate, lithium persulfate, sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate through drying, pulverizing, mixing, adding water absorbent, synergist and sodium chloride, and stirring.